1
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Fan D, Wang D, Zhang J, Fu X, Yan X, Wang D, Qin A, Han T, Tang BZ. Cobalt-Catalyzed Cascade C-H Activation/Annulation Polymerizations toward Diversified and Multifunctional Sulfur-Containing Fused Heterocyclic Polymers. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:17270-17284. [PMID: 38863213 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Transition-metal-catalyzed C-H activation has greatly benefited the synthesis and development of functional polymer materials, and the construction of multifunctional fused (hetero)cyclic polymers via novel C-H activation-based polyannulations has emerged as a charming but challenging area in recent years. Herein, we report the first cobalt(III)-catalyzed cascade C-H activation/annulation polymerization (CAAP) approach that can efficiently transform readily available aryl thioamides and internal diynes into multifunctional sulfur-containing fused heterocyclic (SFH) polymers. Within merely 3 h, a series of SFH polymers bearing complex and multisubstituted S,N-doped polycyclic units are facilely and efficiently produced with high molecular weights (absolute Mn up to 220400) in excellent yields (up to 99%), which are hard to achieve by traditional methods. The intermediate-terminated SFH polymer can be used as a reactive macromonomer to controllably extend or modify polymer main chains. The structural diversity can be further enriched through facile S-oxidation and N-methylation reactions of the SFH polymers. Benefiting from the unique structures, the obtained polymers exhibit excellent solution processability, high thermal and morphological stability, efficient and readily tunable aggregate-state fluorescence, stimuli-responsive properties, and high and UV-modulatable refractive indices of up to 1.8464 at 632.8 nm. These properties allow the SFH polymers to be potentially applied in diverse fields, including metal ion detection, photodynamic killing of cancer cells, fluorescent photopatterning, and gradient-index optical materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyang Fan
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials Service Safety, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Deliang Wang
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xinyao Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xueke Yan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials Service Safety, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Anjun Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Ting Han
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials Service Safety, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (CUHK-Shenzhen), Guangdong 518172, China
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2
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Zhu X, Li K, Liu J, Wang Z, Ding Z, Su Y, Yang B, Yan K, Li G, Yu P. Topological Structure Realized in Cove-Edged Graphene Nanoribbons via Incorporation of Periodic Pentagon Rings. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:7152-7158. [PMID: 38421279 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Cove-edged zigzag graphene nanoribbons are predicted to show metallic, topological, or trivial semiconducting band structures, which are precisely determined by their cove offset positions at both edges as well as the ribbon width. However, due to the challenge of introducing coves into zigzag-edged graphene nanoribbons, only a few cove-edged graphene nanoribbons with trivial semiconducting bandgaps have been realized experimentally. Here, we report that the topological band structure can be realized in cove-edged graphene nanoribbons by embedding periodic pentagon rings on the cove edges through on-surface synthesis. Upon noncontact atomic force microscopy and scanning tunneling spectroscopy measurements, the chemical and electronic structures of cove-edged graphene nanoribbons with periodic pentagon rings have been characterized for different lengths. Combined with theoretical calculations, we find that upon inducing periodic pentagon rings the cove-edged graphene nanoribbons exhibit nontrivial topological structures. Our results provide insights for the design and understanding of the topological character in cove-edged graphene nanoribbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xujie Zhu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, China
| | - Kezhen Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, China
| | - Zhou Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihao Ding
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, China
| | - Yunlong Su
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Yang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, China
| | - KaKing Yan
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, China
- ShanghaiTech Laboratory for Topological Physics, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Yu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, China
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3
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Hameed F, Maity A, Francis VS, Gavvalapalli N. Pyrazinacene conjugated polymers: a breakthrough in synthesis and unraveling the conjugation continuum. Chem Sci 2024; 15:4054-4067. [PMID: 38487242 PMCID: PMC10935667 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06552a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Pyrazinacenes are next generation N-heteroacenes and represent a novel class of stable n-type materials capable of accepting more than one electron and displaying intriguing features, including prototropism, halochromism, and redox chromism. Astonishingly, despite a century since their discovery, there have been no reports on the conjugated polymers of pyrazinacenes due to unknown substrate scope and lack of pyrazinacene monomers that are conducive to condensation polymerization. Breaking through these challenges, in this work, we report the synthesis of previously undiscovered and highly coveted conjugated polymers of pyrazinacenes. In order to understand the intricacies of conjugation extension within the acene and along the polymer backbone, a series of electronically diverse four pyrazinacene conjugated polymers were synthesized. Polymers synthesis required optimizing a few synthetic steps along the 12-step synthetic pathway. The generated pyrazinacene monomers are not amenable to the popular condensation polymerizations involving Pd or Cu catalysts. Gratifyingly, Pd and Cu free dehydrohalogenation polymerization of the monomer with HgCl2 resulted in high molecular weight organometallic conjugated pyrazinacene polymers within a few minutes at room temperature. The dual role played by the Hg(ii) during the polymerization, combined with the self-coupling of the RHgCl (intermediate), is at the core of successful polymerization. Notably, the self-coupling of intermediates challenges the strict stoichiometric balance typically required for step-growth polymerization and offers a novel synthetic strategy to generate high molecular weight conjugated polymers even with imbalanced monomer stoichiometries. A combination of electrochemical studies and DFT-B3LYP simulations indicated that the presence of the reduced pyrazine ring promotes interacene π-conjugation through the metal center, in contrast to completely oxidized tetrazaazaanthracene. The extension of conjugation results in ca. 2 eV lower reduction potential for polymers compared to the monomer, placing the LUMO energy levels of these polymers on par with some of the best-known n-type polymers. Also, the presence of NH protons in the pyrazinacene polymers show ionochromism and red-shift UV-vis absorption maximum by ca. 100 nm. This work not only shows a way to realize highly desirable and elusive pyrazinacene conjugated polymers but also paves the way for a library of n-type conjugated polymers that can undergo multi-electron reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Hameed
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University USA
- Institute for Soft Matter Synthesis and Metrology, Georgetown University Washington, D.C. 20057 USA
| | - Arindam Maity
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University USA
- Institute for Soft Matter Synthesis and Metrology, Georgetown University Washington, D.C. 20057 USA
| | - Victor S Francis
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University USA
- Institute for Soft Matter Synthesis and Metrology, Georgetown University Washington, D.C. 20057 USA
| | - Nagarjuna Gavvalapalli
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University USA
- Institute for Soft Matter Synthesis and Metrology, Georgetown University Washington, D.C. 20057 USA
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4
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Yang K, Li Z, Huang Y, Zeng Z. bay/ ortho-Octa-substituted Perylene: A Versatile Building Block toward Novel Polycyclic (Hetero)Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:763-775. [PMID: 38386871 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
ConspectusPolycyclic (hetero)aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have emerged as a focal point in current interdisciplinary research, spanning the realms of chemistry, physics, and materials science. Possessing distinctive optical, electronic, and magnetic properties, these π-functional materials exhibit significant potential across diverse applications, including molecular electronic devices, organic spintronics, and biomedical functions, among others. Despite the extensive documentation of various PAHs over the decades, the efficient and precise synthesis of π-extended PAHs remains a formidable challenge, hindering their broader application. This challenge is primarily attributed to the intricate and often elusive nature of their synthesis, compounded by issues related to low solubility and unfavored stability.The development of π-building blocks that can be facilely and modularly transformed into diverse π-frameworks constitutes a potent strategy for the creation of novel PAH materials. For instance, based on the classic perylene diimide (PDI) unit, researchers such as Würthner, Wang, and Nuckolls have successfully synthesized a plethora of structurally diverse PAHs, as well as numerous other π-functional materials. However, until now the availability of such versatile building blocks is still severely limited, especially for those simultaneously having a facile preparation process, adequate solubilizing groups, favored material stability, and critically, rich possibilities for structural extension spaces.In this Account, we present an overview of our invention of a highly versatile bay-/ortho-octa-substituted perylene building block, designated as Per-4Br, for the construction of a series of novel PAH scaffolds with tailor-made structures and rich optoelectronic and magnetic properties. First, starting with a brief discussion of current challenges associated with the bottom-up synthesis of π-extended PAHs, we rationalize the key features of Per-4Br that enable facile access to new PAH molecules including its ease of large-scale preparation, favored material stability and solubility, and multiple flexible reaction sites, with a comparison to the PDI motif. Then, we showcase our rational design and sophisticated synthesis of a body of neutral or charged, closed- or open-shell, curved, or planar PAHs via controlled annulative π-extensions in different directions such as peripheral, diagonal, or multiple dimensions of the Per-4Br skeleton. In this part, the fundamental structure-property relationships between molecular conformations, electronic structures, and self-assembly behaviors of these PAHs and their unique physiochemical properties such as unusual open-shell ground states, global aromaticity, state-associated/stimuli-responsive magnetic activity, and charge transport characteristics will be emphatically elaborated. Finally, we offer our perspective on the continued advancement of π-functional materials based on Per-4Br, which, we posit, may stimulate heightened research interest in the versatile structural motifs typified by Per-4Br, consequently catalyzing further progress in the realm of organic π-functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Zuhao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Yulin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Zebing Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
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5
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Shetty S, Baig N, Sengupta D, Farha OK, Alameddine B. Tröger's Base-Enriched Conjugated Cyclopentannulated Copolymers: Prominent Adsorbents of CO 2, H 2, and Iodine. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:8130-8139. [PMID: 38315161 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Three copolymers with conjugated structures, PTB1-PTB3, were produced utilizing a palladium-catalyzed cyclopentannulation polymerization by reacting a specially designed diethynyl Tröger's base surrogate with different dihalogenated polycondensed aromatic hydrocarbons. Brunauer, Emmet, and Teller nitrogen gas adsorption investigation revealed the surface areas of the copolymers, attaining ∼365 m2 g-1. Gas uptake studies demonstrated a considerable carbon dioxide uptake for PTB2 of 44.41 mg g-1 at 273 K and a promising H2 gas uptake of 3.18 mg g-1 at 77 K. PTB1-PTB3 displayed a sizable iodine adsorption capacity, achieving 4000 mg g-1, and mechanistic investigations demonstrated the prevalence of a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Recyclability experiments proved the effective regeneration of the copolymers, even after performing several adsorption and desorption tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchetha Shetty
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Gulf University for Science and Technology, Mubarak Al-Abdullah, Hawally 32093, Kuwait
- Functional Materials Group, Gulf University for Science and Technology, Mubarak Al-Abdullah, Hawally 32093, Kuwait
| | - Noorullah Baig
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Gulf University for Science and Technology, Mubarak Al-Abdullah, Hawally 32093, Kuwait
- Functional Materials Group, Gulf University for Science and Technology, Mubarak Al-Abdullah, Hawally 32093, Kuwait
| | - Debabrata Sengupta
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Omar K Farha
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- International Institute of Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Bassam Alameddine
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Gulf University for Science and Technology, Mubarak Al-Abdullah, Hawally 32093, Kuwait
- Functional Materials Group, Gulf University for Science and Technology, Mubarak Al-Abdullah, Hawally 32093, Kuwait
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6
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Yang Y, Lin E, Wang S, Wang T, Wang Z, Zhang Z. Single-Crystal One-Dimensional Porous Ladder Covalent Polymers. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:782-790. [PMID: 38165084 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis of single-crystal, one-dimensional (1D) polymers is of great importance but a formidable challenge. Herein, we report the synthesis of single-crystal 1D ladder polymers in solution by dynamic covalent chemistry. The three-dimensional electron diffraction technique was used to rigorously solve the structure of the crystalline polymers, unveiling that each polymer chain is connected by double covalent bridges and all polymer chains are packed in a staggered and interlaced manner by π-π stacking and hydrogen bonding interactions, making the crystalline polymers highly robust in both thermal and chemical stability. The synthesized single-crystal polymers possess permanent micropores and can efficiently remove CO2 from the C2H2/CO2 mixture to obtain high-purity C2H2, validated by dynamic breakthrough experiments. This work demonstrates the first example of constructing single-crystal 1D porous ladder polymers with double covalent bridges in solution for efficient C2H2/CO2 separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicine Chemistry Biology, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - En Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Medicine Chemistry Biology, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Sa Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicine Chemistry Biology, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicine Chemistry Biology, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhifang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicine Chemistry Biology, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhenjie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicine Chemistry Biology, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin 300071, China
- Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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7
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Baig N, Shetty S, Bargakshatriya R, Pramanik SK, Alameddine B. Efficient Iodine Uptake of Ultra Thermally Stable Conjugated Copolymers Bearing Biaceanthrylenyl Moieties and Contorted Aromatic Units Using a [3 + 2] Palladium-Catalyzed Cyclopolymerization Reaction. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:43227-43235. [PMID: 38024763 PMCID: PMC10653061 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
A novel series of copolymers made from alternating aromatic surrogates with contorted and spiro compounds, denoted as BCP1-3, was successfully synthesized employing a palladium-catalyzed one-pot [3 + 2] cyclopentannulation reaction. The resulting copolymers BCP1-3, which were isolated in high yields, exhibited weight-average molecular weights (Mw) ranging from 11.0 to 61.5 kg mol-1 (kDa) and polydispersity index (Mw/Mn) values in the range of 1.7 and 2.0, which suggest a narrow molecular weight distribution, thus indicating the formation of uniform copolymer chains. Investigation of the thermal properties of BCP1-3 by thermogravimetric analysis disclosed outstanding stability with 10% weight loss temperature values reaching 800 °C. Iodine adsorption tests revealed remarkable results, particularly for BCP2, which demonstrated a strong affinity toward iodine reaching an uptake of 2900 mg g-1. Additionally, recyclability tests showcased the effective regeneration of BCP2 after several successive iodine adsorption-desorption cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noorullah Baig
- Department
of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Gulf
University for Science and Technology, Mubarak Al-Abdullah ,Hawally32093, Kuwait
- Functional
Materials Group, Gulf University for Science
and Technology, Mubarak Al-Abdullah ,Hawally32093, Kuwait
| | - Suchetha Shetty
- Department
of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Gulf
University for Science and Technology, Mubarak Al-Abdullah ,Hawally32093, Kuwait
- Functional
Materials Group, Gulf University for Science
and Technology, Mubarak Al-Abdullah ,Hawally32093, Kuwait
| | - Rupa Bargakshatriya
- CSIR-Central
Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364002, India
| | - Sumit Kumar Pramanik
- CSIR-Central
Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364002, India
| | - Bassam Alameddine
- Department
of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Gulf
University for Science and Technology, Mubarak Al-Abdullah ,Hawally32093, Kuwait
- Functional
Materials Group, Gulf University for Science
and Technology, Mubarak Al-Abdullah ,Hawally32093, Kuwait
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8
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Shetty S, Baig N, Wahed SA, Hassan A, Das N, Alameddine B. Iodine and Nickel Ions Adsorption by Conjugated Copolymers Bearing Repeating Units of Dicyclopentapyrenyl and Various Thiophene Derivatives. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4153. [PMID: 37896396 PMCID: PMC10611155 DOI: 10.3390/polym15204153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of three conjugated copolymers TPP1-3 was carried out using a palladium-catalyzed [3+2] cycloaddition polymerization of 1,6-dibromopyrene with various dialkynyl thiophene derivatives 3a-c. The target copolymers were obtained in excellent yields and high purity, as confirmed by instrumental analyses. TPP1-3 were found to divulge a conspicuous iodine adsorption capacity up to 3900 mg g-1, whereas the adsorption mechanism studies revealed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Furthermore, recyclability tests of TPP3, the copolymer which revealed the maximum iodine uptake, disclosed its efficient regeneration even after numerous adsorption-desorption cycles. Interestingly, the target copolymers proved promising nickel ions capture efficiencies from water with a maximum equilibrium adsorption capacity (qe) of 48.5 mg g-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchetha Shetty
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Gulf University for Science and Technology, Mubarak Al-Abdullah 32093, Kuwait
- Functional Materials Group, Gulf University for Science and Technology, Mubarak Al-Abdullah 32093, Kuwait
| | - Noorullah Baig
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Gulf University for Science and Technology, Mubarak Al-Abdullah 32093, Kuwait
- Functional Materials Group, Gulf University for Science and Technology, Mubarak Al-Abdullah 32093, Kuwait
| | - Sk Abdul Wahed
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Patna 801106, Bihar, India (A.H.); (N.D.)
| | - Atikur Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Patna 801106, Bihar, India (A.H.); (N.D.)
| | - Neeladri Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Patna 801106, Bihar, India (A.H.); (N.D.)
| | - Bassam Alameddine
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Gulf University for Science and Technology, Mubarak Al-Abdullah 32093, Kuwait
- Functional Materials Group, Gulf University for Science and Technology, Mubarak Al-Abdullah 32093, Kuwait
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9
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Zhu X, Liu F, Ba X, Wu Y. Tandem Suzuki Polymerization/Heck Cyclization Reaction to Form Ladder-Type 9,9'-Bifluorenylidene-Based Conjugated Polymer. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3360. [PMID: 37631417 PMCID: PMC10458247 DOI: 10.3390/polym15163360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of ladder-type 9,9'-bifluorenylidene-based conjugated polymer is reported. Unlike the typical synthetic strategy, the new designed ladder-type conjugated polymer is achieved via tandem Suzuki polymerization/Heck cyclization reaction in one-pot. In the preparation process, Suzuki polymerization reaction occurred first and then the intramolecular Heck cyclization followed smoothly under the same catalyst Pd(PPh3)4. The model reaction proved that the introduction of iodine (I) for this tandem reaction can effectively control the sequential bond-forming process and inhibit the additional competitive side reactions. Thus, small-molecule model compounds could be obtained in high yields. The successes of the synthesized small molecule and polymer compounds indicate that the Pd-catalyzed tandem reaction may be an effective strategy for improving extended π-conjugated materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; (X.Z.); (X.B.)
| | - Feng Liu
- College of Basic Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Xinwu Ba
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; (X.Z.); (X.B.)
| | - Yonggang Wu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; (X.Z.); (X.B.)
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10
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Wang K, Liu J, Liu P, Wang D, Han T, Tang BZ. Multifunctional Fluorescent Main-Chain Charged Polyelectrolytes Synthesized by Cascade C-H Activation/Annulation Polymerizations. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:4208-4220. [PMID: 36763076 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c12654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent polyelectrolytes have attracted enormous attention as functional polymer materials. In contrast with the widely studied conjugated polyelectrolytes with ionic groups in side chains, fluorescent main-chain charged polyelectrolytes (MCCPs) have rarely been explored due to the large synthetic difficulty. Herein, we develop a facile and atom-economical N-heterocyclic carbene-directed cascade C-H activation/annulation polymerization strategy that can transform readily available imidazolium substrates and internal diynes into multifunctional fluorescent MCCPs with complex structures and high molecular weights (absolute Mn up to 135 600) in nearly quantitative yields. The presence of multisubstituted polycyclic N-heteroaromatic cations in polymer backbones endow the obtained MCCPs with excellent solution processability, high thermal stability, and dual-state efficient fluorescence in both solution and aggregate states. Benefiting from the strong electron-withdrawing capability of the cationic heterocycles in main chains, multicolored aggregate-state fluorescence can be readily achieved by modifying the substituents around the cationic ring-fused core. Taking advantage of the good photosensitivity of the fluorescent MCCP thin films, multiscale and high-resolution fluorescent photopatterns with different colors can be facilely prepared with potential applications in optical display devices and anticounterfeiting systems. Moreover, the strong electrostatic interactions of these cationic MCCPs with anionic polyelectrolytes enable them to form multicolored fluorescent interfacial polyelectrolyte complexation microfibers with directly visualized internal structures. Such flexible microfibers can be further made into diversified forms of fiber-based macroscopic patterns or painting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Wang
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Junkai Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Peiying Liu
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Ting Han
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China
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11
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Baig N, Shetty S, Tiwari R, Pramanik SK, Alameddine B. Aggregation-Induced Emission of Contorted Polycondensed Aromatic Hydrocarbons Made by Edge Extension Using a Palladium-Catalyzed Cyclopentannulation Reaction. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:45732-45739. [PMID: 36530321 PMCID: PMC9753205 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Contorted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), CPA1-2 and CPB1-2, bearing peripheral five-membered rings were synthesized employing a palladium-catalyzed cyclopentannulation reaction using specially designed diaryl acetylene synthons TPE and TPEN with commercially available dibromo- anthracene DBA and bianthracene DBBA derivatives. The resulting target compounds CPA1-2 and CPB1-2 were isolated in excellent yield and found to be highly soluble in common organic solvents, which allowed for their structural characterization and investigation of the photophysical properties, disclosing their aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties in THF at selective concentration ranges of water fractions in the solvent mixture. Examination of the contorted PAH structures by means of density functional theory (DFT) revealed higher electronic conjugation in the more rigid and planar anthracene-containing CPA1-2 derivatives when compared to the twisted bianthracene-bearing moieties CBPA1-2 with HOMO-LUMO bandgaps (ΔE) of ∼2.32 eV for the former PAHs and ∼2.78 eV for the latter ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noorullah Baig
- Department
of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Gulf
University for Science and Technology, Kuwait City 1886644, Kuwait
- Functional
Materials Group, GUST, Kuwait City 1886644, Kuwait
| | - Suchetha Shetty
- Department
of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Gulf
University for Science and Technology, Kuwait City 1886644, Kuwait
- Functional
Materials Group, GUST, Kuwait City 1886644, Kuwait
| | - Rajeshwari Tiwari
- CSIR-Central
Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364002, India
| | - Sumit Kumar Pramanik
- CSIR-Central
Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364002, India
| | - Bassam Alameddine
- Department
of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Gulf
University for Science and Technology, Kuwait City 1886644, Kuwait
- Functional
Materials Group, GUST, Kuwait City 1886644, Kuwait
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12
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Li C, Yan PJ, Chen Y, Yang R, Sun M. Spectral investigation on single molecular optoelectronics of ladder phenylenes. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 278:121283. [PMID: 35537258 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Atomic chains and organic conjugated molecules are of great important research value in molecular optoelectronics, due to their special optoelectronic properties. The fully conjugated nature of ladder phenylenes (LPs) provide some unique properties that have potential applications in the fabrication of molecular electronics devices. Our results reveal optoelectronic properties apply density function theory and non-equilibrium green's function theory, including unit-dependent light absorption, Raman scattering, phonon energy band structure, the chemical potential dependent density of states, electrical conductivity, I-V curve, transmission spectrum, etc. Our research provides theoretical guidance for the regulation of light-harvesting regions based on LPs structures, and theoretical support for the design of nano-scale optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Li
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Pen-Ji Yan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Hexi Corridor Resources Utilization of Gansu Universities, Hexi University, Zhangye 734000, PR China
| | - Yichuan Chen
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Rui Yang
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Mengtao Sun
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
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13
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Sun W, Guo J, Fan Z, Yuan L, Ye K, Dou C, Wang Y. Ribbon‐Type Boron‐Doped Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Conformations, Dynamic Complexation and Electronic Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202209271. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202209271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Jiaxiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Zengming Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Liuzhong Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Kaiqi Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Chuandong Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
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14
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He Q, Dexter Tam TL, Lin T, Chien SW, Lin M, Meng H, Huang W, Xu J. π-Extended Poly(benzimidazoanthradiisoquinolinedione) Ladder-type Conjugated Polymer. ACS Macro Lett 2022; 11:1136-1141. [PMID: 36048135 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.2c00438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Since the 1960s, poly(benzobisimidazobenzophenathrolinedione) (BBL) has been the only n-type ladder-type conjugated polymer (LCP) that is utilized in thin film electronic devices. Its high electrochemical and thermal stabilities make it a promising candidate for organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) and thermoelectrics (OTEs) applications. Here we report the synthesis and characterization of a new π-extended poly(benzimidazoanthradiisoquinolinedione) (BAL). The tetrachlorinated BAL (Cl4-BAL) is fully soluble in methanesulfonic acid (MSA) and can be spin-coated into good quality thin films, enabling the fabrication and characterization of OTEs. Doping of Cl4-BAL films using our in-house benzyl viologen radical cation (BV●+) n-dopant shows better electrical air-stability as compared to BBL due to its very low LUMO value (-4.83 eV), making it a promising material toward air-stable n-doped conducting polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang He
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, P. R. China.,Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency of Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Teck Lip Dexter Tam
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemical, Engineering and Environment (ISCE2), Agency of Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Singapore 627833, Singapore
| | - Tingting Lin
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency of Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Sheau Wei Chien
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency of Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Ming Lin
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency of Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Hong Meng
- School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072 P. R. China.,School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, 2199 Lishui Road, Shenzhen, 518055 P. R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, P. R. China
| | - Jianwei Xu
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemical, Engineering and Environment (ISCE2), Agency of Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Singapore 627833, Singapore.,Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency of Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore.,Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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15
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Sun W, Guo J, Fan Z, Yuan L, Ye K, Dou C, Wang Y. Ribbon‐Type Boron‐Doped Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Conformations, Dynamic Complexation and Electronic Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202209271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kaiqi Ye
- Jilin University College of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Chuandong Dou
- Jilin University State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials No.2699 Qianjin Street 130012 Changchun CHINA
| | - Yue Wang
- Jilin University College of Chemistry CHINA
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16
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Zhu X, Liu F, Ba X, Wu Y. Synthesis of Ladder-Type 9,9'-Bifluorenylidene-Based Conjugated Oligomers via a Pd-Catalyzed Tandem Suzuki Coupling/Heck Cyclization Approach. Org Lett 2022; 24:5851-5854. [PMID: 35904327 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
For new ladder-type oligomers and polymers with versatile and robust synthetic strategies, in this study, four fully conjugated ladder-type overcrowded 9,9'-bifluorenylidene-based compounds and oligomers (BFY1, BFY2, BFY3, and BFY4) were synthesized via a Pd-catalyzed tandem Suzuki coupling/Heck cyclization reaction. By monomer screening and route optimization, the target products were obtained in high yields and characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and high resolution mass spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, PR China
| | - Feng Liu
- College of Basic Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, PR China
| | - Xinwu Ba
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, PR China
| | - Yonggang Wu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, PR China
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17
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Wang K, Yan S, Han T, Wu Q, Yan N, Kang M, Ge J, Wang D, Tang BZ. Cascade C-H-Activated Polyannulations toward Ring-Fused Heteroaromatic Polymers for Intracellular pH Mapping and Cancer Cell Killing. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:11788-11801. [PMID: 35736562 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c04032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The development of straightforward and efficient synthetic methods toward ring-fused heteroaromatic polymers with attractive functionalities has great significance in both chemistry and materials science. Herein, we develop a facile cascade C-H-activated polyannulation route that can in situ generate multiple ring-fused aza-heteroaromatic polymers from readily available monomers in an atom-economical manner. A series of complex polybenzimidazole derivatives with high absolute molecular weights of up to 24 000 are efficiently produced in high yields within 2 h. Benefiting from their unique imidazole-containing ring-fused structures with multiple aryl pendants, the obtained polymers show excellent thermal and morphological stability, good solution processability, high refractive index, small chromic dispersion, as well as remarkable acid-base-responsive fluorescence. Taking advantage of the ratiometric fluorescence response of the triphenylamine-substituted heteroaromatic polymer to pH variations, we successfully apply it as a sensitive fluorescence probe for the mapping and quantitative analysis of intracellular pH in live cells. Furthermore, through the simple N-methylation reaction of the ring-fused polybenzimidazoles, diverse azonia-containing polyelectrolytes are readily produced, which can efficiently kill cancer cells via the synergistic effects of dark toxicity and phototoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Wang
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.,College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Saisai Yan
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.,College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Ting Han
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Qian Wu
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.,Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Neng Yan
- Environment and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Miaomiao Kang
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jinyin Ge
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.,College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China.,Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China
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18
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Yang X, Elbert SM, Rominger F, Mastalerz M. A Series of Soluble Thieno-Fused Coronene Nanoribbons of Precise Lengths. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:9883-9892. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Yang
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sven M. Elbert
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Mastalerz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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19
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Wang Y, Huang Y, Huang T, Zhang J, Luo T, Ni Y, Li B, Xie S, Zeng Z. Perylene‐Based Linear Nonalternant Nanoribbons with Bright Emission and Ambipolar Redox Behavior. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200855. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanpei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Hunan University Shenzhen 518000 P. R. China
| | - Yulin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Hunan University Shenzhen 518000 P. R. China
| | - Tingting Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Hunan University Shenzhen 518000 P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering Anhui Jianzhu University Hefei 230039 P. R. China
| | - Teng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Hunan University Shenzhen 518000 P. R. China
| | - Yong Ni
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Hunan University Shenzhen 518000 P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanchang Hangkong University Nanchang 330063 P. R. China
| | - Sheng Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Hunan University Shenzhen 518000 P. R. China
| | - Zebing Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Hunan University Shenzhen 518000 P. R. China
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20
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Sivakumar I, Swamynathan K, Ram D, Raghunathan VA, Kumar S. Rubicene, an Unusual Contorted Core for Discotic Liquid Crystals. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200073. [PMID: 35294801 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Rubicene, an unusual contorted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, was realized to function as a novel core fragment for discotic liquid crystals. The central π-conjugated motif was prepared from dialkoxyiodobenzene via Sonagashira coupling followed by pentannulation and Scholl cyclodehydrogenation. The synthesized rubicene derivatives were found to be thermally stable and exhibit enantiotropic columnar mesophases. The columnar arrangement of these derivatives has been validated using polarising optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry & small-angle X-ray scattering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irla Sivakumar
- Soft Condensed Matter, Raman Research Institute, C.V. Raman Avenue, Sadashivanagar, Bangalore, 560080, India
| | - K Swamynathan
- Soft Condensed Matter, Raman Research Institute, C.V. Raman Avenue, Sadashivanagar, Bangalore, 560080, India.,Department of Chemistry, Nitte Meenakshi Institute of Technology, Yelahanka, Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - Dinesh Ram
- Soft Condensed Matter, Raman Research Institute, C.V. Raman Avenue, Sadashivanagar, Bangalore, 560080, India
| | - V A Raghunathan
- Soft Condensed Matter, Raman Research Institute, C.V. Raman Avenue, Sadashivanagar, Bangalore, 560080, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Soft Condensed Matter, Raman Research Institute, C.V. Raman Avenue, Sadashivanagar, Bangalore, 560080, India.,Department of Chemistry, Nitte Meenakshi Institute of Technology, Yelahanka, Bangalore, 560064, India
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21
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Wang Y, Huang Y, Huang T, Zhang J, Luo T, Ni Y, Li B, Xie S, Zeng Z. Perylene‐Based Linear Nonalternant Nanoribbons with Bright Emission and Ambipolar Redox Behavior. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanpei Wang
- Hunan University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Yulin Huang
- Hunan University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Tingting Huang
- Hunan University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Jun Zhang
- Anhui Jianzhu University School of Materials and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Teng Luo
- Hunan University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Yong Ni
- National University of Singapore Department of Chemistry SINGAPORE
| | - Bo Li
- Hunan University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Sheng Xie
- Hunan University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Zebing Zeng
- Hunan University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics,College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China 410082 Changsha CHINA
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22
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Tam TLD, Lin M, Chien SW, Xu J. Facile Synthesis of Solubilizing a Group-Free, Solution-Processable p-Type Ladder Conjugated Polymer and Its Thermoelectric Properties. ACS Macro Lett 2022; 11:110-115. [PMID: 35574790 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Here we report the synthesis of a new solubilizing group-free, solution-processable p-type ladder conjugated polymer, 6H-pyrrolo[3,2-b:4,5-b']bis[1,4]benzothiazine ladder (PBBTL) polymer by using a polyphosphoric acid (PPA) and phenylphosphonic acid (PhPO3H2) 1:1 binary acid solvent system together with careful control of reaction kinetics. With a good intrinsic viscosity of 3.69 dL/g in methanesulfonic acid (MSA), good quality PBBTL films can be obtained via spin-coating. Intrinsic thin film properties and thermoelectric performance of PBBTL were evaluated, making it the second solubilizing group-free, solution-processable ladder-type conjugated polymer after BBL to be used for thin-film polymer electronics. While our preliminary thermoelectric performance of the FeCl3-doped PBBTL films is modest, we believe that many opportunities lie ahead for PBBTL and hope that its successful synthesis using the new PPA:PhPO3H2 binary acid solvent system will inspire synthetic organic chemists to relook into solubilizing group-free, solution-processable ladder-type conjugated polymer systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teck Lip Dexter Tam
- Agency of Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Ming Lin
- Agency of Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Sheau Wei Chien
- Agency of Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Jianwei Xu
- Agency of Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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23
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Borissov A, Maurya YK, Moshniaha L, Wong WS, Żyła-Karwowska M, Stępień M. Recent Advances in Heterocyclic Nanographenes and Other Polycyclic Heteroaromatic Compounds. Chem Rev 2022; 122:565-788. [PMID: 34850633 PMCID: PMC8759089 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 100.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This review surveys recent progress in the chemistry of polycyclic heteroaromatic molecules with a focus on structural diversity and synthetic methodology. The article covers literature published during the period of 2016-2020, providing an update to our first review of this topic (Chem. Rev. 2017, 117 (4), 3479-3716).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Marcin Stępień
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet
Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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24
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Yu Y, Zhu D, Zhu X, Ravva MK, Duan J, Jiang L, Li Z, Yue W. A novel class of rigid-rod perylene diimides and isoindigo semiconducting polymers. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01362a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Three novel rigid-rod semiconducting polymers containing fused electron-deficient PDI and IID units have been synthesized through aldol polymerization. Their unique opto-electronic properties have been investigated systematically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Danlei Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids. Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiuyuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | | | - Jiayao Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Lang Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids. Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhengke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Wan Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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25
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Kitao T, Zhang X, Uemura T. Nanoconfined synthesis of conjugated ladder polymers. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00809b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights recent advances in controlled synthesis of conjugated ladder polymers using templates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kitao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- JST-PRESTO, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Xiyuan Zhang
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Takashi Uemura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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26
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Wang X, Ma J, Zheng W, Osella S, Arisnabarreta N, Droste J, Serra G, Ivasenko O, Lucotti A, Beljonne D, Bonn M, Liu X, Hansen MR, Tommasini M, De Feyter S, Liu J, Wang HI, Feng X. Cove-Edged Graphene Nanoribbons with Incorporation of Periodic Zigzag-Edge Segments. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 144:228-235. [PMID: 34962807 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c09000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Structurally precision graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are promising candidates for next-generation nanoelectronics due to their intriguing and tunable electronic structures. GNRs with hybrid edge structures often confer them unique geometries associated with exotic physicochemical properties. Herein, a novel type of cove-edged GNRs with periodic short zigzag-edge segments is demonstrated. The bandgap of this GNR family can be tuned using an interplay between the length of the zigzag segments and the distance of two adjacent cove units along the opposite edges, which can be converted from semiconducting to nearly metallic. A family member with periodic cove-zigzag edges based on N = 6 zigzag-edged GNR, namely 6-CZGNR-(2,1), is successfully synthesized in solution through the Scholl reaction of a unique snakelike polymer precursor (10) that is achieved by the Yamamoto coupling of a structurally flexible S-shaped phenanthrene-based monomer (1). The efficiency of cyclodehydrogenation of polymer 10 toward 6-CZGNR-(2,1) is validated by FT-IR, Raman, and UV-vis spectroscopies, as well as by the study of two representative model compounds (2 and 3). Remarkably, the resultant 6-CZGNR-(2,1) exhibits an extended and broad absorption in the near-infrared region with a record narrow optical bandgap of 0.99 eV among the reported solution-synthesized GNRs. Moreover, 6-CZGNR-(2,1) exhibits a high macroscopic carrier mobility of ∼20 cm2 V-1 s-1 determined by terahertz spectroscopy, primarily due to the intrinsically small effective mass (m*e = m*h = 0.17 m0), rendering this GNR a promising candidate for nanoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Material and Engineering, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, P.R. China.,Centre for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ji Ma
- Centre for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Wenhao Zheng
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Silvio Osella
- Chemical and Biological Systems Simulation Lab, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2C, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Nicolás Arisnabarreta
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jörn Droste
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Westfal̈ische Wilhelms-Universitaẗ Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Gianluca Serra
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Oleksandr Ivasenko
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Andrea Lucotti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - David Beljonne
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Université de Mons, Place du Parc, 20, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Xiangyang Liu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Material and Engineering, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Michael Ryan Hansen
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Westfal̈ische Wilhelms-Universitaẗ Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Matteo Tommasini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Junzhi Liu
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hai I Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Centre for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany.,Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, Halle 06120 Germany
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27
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Mishima D, Nakanishi H, Tsuboi Y, Kishimoto Y, Yamanaka Y, Harada A, Togo M, Yamada Y, Muraoka M, Murata M. Domino Cross-Scholl Reaction of Tetracene with Molecular Benzene: Synthesis, Structure, and Mechanism. Org Lett 2021; 23:7921-7926. [PMID: 34543032 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A domino-type multiple C-H functionalization of tetracene with molecular benzene is reported. Under the typical conditions of the Scholl reaction, a domino reaction occurs between tetracene and six molecules of benzene in one pot to furnish an aromatic compound with a curved π-system. This reaction sequence involves oxidative cross-dehydrogenative coupling/annulation and Friedel-Crafts-type reactions. Eight C-C bonds are formed via this intermolecular domino reaction without mediation by a metal or the assistance of a specific substituent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Mishima
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Haruka Nakanishi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Yui Tsuboi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Yusho Kishimoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Yohei Yamanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Ai Harada
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Masahiro Togo
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Yuto Yamada
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Masahiro Muraoka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Michihisa Murata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
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28
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Hussain WA, Plunkett KN. Benzodithiophene-Fused Cyclopentannulated Aromatics via a Palladium-Catalyzed Cyclopentannulation and Scholl Cyclodehydrogenation Strategy. J Org Chem 2021; 86:12569-12576. [PMID: 34464132 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of a new class of cyclopenta-fused polyaromatic hydrocarbon (CP-PAH) incorporating fused benzodithiophene subunits. These CP-PAHs were prepared utilizing a two-step process involving a palladium catalyzed cyclopentannulation followed by a Scholl cyclodehydrogenation. This work broadens the scope of annulation chemistry by employing 1,2-bis(5-hexylthiophen-3-yl)ethyne and dibromoaryl derivatives based on anthracene, pyrene, and perylene to give 4,4',4'',4'''-(cyclopenta[hi]aceanthrylene-1,2,6,7-tetrayl)tetrakis(2-hexylthiophene), 4,4',4'',4'''-(dicyclopenta[cd,jk]pyrene-1,2,6,7-tetrayl)tetrakis(2-hexylthiophene), and 1,2,7,8-tetrakis(5-hexylthiophen-3-yl)-1,2,7,8-tetrahydrodicyclopenta[cd,lm]perylene. Scholl cyclodehydrogenation of the pendant thiophene units provided access to the π-extended polyaromatic systems 2,5,11,14-tetrahexylrubiceno[5,4-b:6,7-b':12,11-b'':13,14-b''']tetrathiophene, 2,5,11,14-tetrahexyldithieno-[4,5:6,7]indeno[1,2,3-cd]dithieno[4,5:6,7]indeno-[1,2,3-jk]pyrenes, and 2,9,12,19-tetrahexyldithieno[4,5:6,7]indaceno[1,2,3-cd]dithieno[4,5:6,7]indaceno[1,2,3-lm]perylene that possess helicene-like fragments. The anthracene-based CP-PAH was contorted owing to [5]helicene-like arrangements, while the pyrene- and perylene-based systems were essentially planar. The fully conjugated small molecules give low optical gaps (1.7-2.1 eV) with broad light absorption. The HOMO and LUMO energies of the CP-PAHs were found to be in the range of -5.48 to -5.05 eV and -3.48 to -3.14 eV, respectively. Finally, the anthracene-based CP-PAH was found to be a p-type semiconductor when tested in an organic field effect transistor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waseem A Hussain
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Materials Technology Center, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois 62901 United States
| | - Kyle N Plunkett
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Materials Technology Center, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois 62901 United States
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29
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Chua MH, Png ZM, Zhu Q, Xu J. Synthesis of Conjugated Polymers via Transition Metal Catalysed C-H Bond Activation. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:2896-2919. [PMID: 34390547 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Transition metal catalysed C-H bond activation chemistry has emerged as an exciting and promising approach in organic synthesis. This allows us to synthesize a wider range of functional molecules and conjugated polymers in a more convenient and more atom economical way. The formation of C-C bonds in the construction of pi-conjugated systems, particularly for conjugated polymers, has benefited much from the advances in C-H bond activation chemistry. Compared to conventional transition-metal catalysed cross-coupling polymerization such as Suzuki and Stille cross-coupling, pre-functionalization of aromatic monomers, such as halogenation, borylation and stannylation, is no longer required for direct arylation polymerization (DArP), which involve C-H/C-X cross-coupling, and oxidative direct arylation polymerization (Ox-DArP), which involves C-H/C-H cross-coupling protocols driven by the activation of monomers' C(sp2 )-H bonds. Furthermore, poly(annulation) via C-H bond activation chemistry leads to the formation of unique pi-conjugated moieties as part of the polymeric backbone. This review thus summarises advances to date in the synthesis of conjugated polymers utilizing transition metal catalysed C-H bond activation chemistry. A variety of conjugated polymers via DArP including poly(thiophene), thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione)-containing, fluorenyl-containing, benzothiadiazole-containing and diketopyrrolopyrrole-containing copolymers, were summarized. Conjugated polymers obtained through Ox-DArP were outlined and compared. Furthermore, poly(annulation) using transition metal catalysed C-H bond activation chemistry was also reviewed. In the last part of this review, difficulties and perspective to make use of transition metal catalysed C-H activation polymerization to prepare conjugated polymers were discussed and commented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Hui Chua
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, 138634, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhuang Mao Png
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, 138634, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qiang Zhu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, 138634, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jianwei Xu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, 138634, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
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30
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Urgel JI, Bock J, Di Giovannantonio M, Ruffieux P, Pignedoli CA, Kivala M, Fasel R. On-surface synthesis of π-conjugated ladder-type polymers comprising nonbenzenoid moieties. RSC Adv 2021; 11:23437-23441. [PMID: 34276968 PMCID: PMC8251514 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03253d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
On-surface synthesis provides a powerful approach toward the atomically precise fabrication of π-conjugated ladder polymers (CLPs). We report herein the surface-assisted synthesis of nonbenzenoid CLPs from cyclopenta-annulated anthracene monomers on Au(111) under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. Successive thermal annealing steps reveal the dehalogenative homocoupling to yield an intermediate 1D polymer and the subsequent cyclodehydrogenation to form the fully conjugated ladder polymer. Notably, neighbouring monomers may fuse in two different ways, resulting in six- and five-membered rings, respectively. The structure and electronic properties of the reaction products have been investigated via low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy, complemented by density-functional theory calculations. Our results provide perspectives for the on-surface synthesis of nonbenzenoid CLPs with the potential to be used for organic electronic devices. On-surface synthesis provides a powerful approach toward the fabrication of π-conjugated ladder polymers (CLPs). The synthesis of nonbenzenoid CLPs is achieved following two activation steps, including the formation of an intermediate 1D polymer.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- José I Urgel
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Julian Bock
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany .,Centre for Advanced Materials, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 225 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Marco Di Giovannantonio
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Pascal Ruffieux
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Carlo A Pignedoli
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Milan Kivala
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany .,Centre for Advanced Materials, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 225 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Roman Fasel
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland .,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern 3012 Bern Switzerland
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31
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Deng X, Liu X, Wei L, Ye T, Yu X, Zhang C, Xiao J. Pentagon-Containing π-Expanded Systems: Synthesis and Photophysical Properties. J Org Chem 2021; 86:9961-9969. [PMID: 34279110 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We have designed and synthesized three novel twistacene-modified enlarged pentagon-containing π-systems (6 and 9) with mismatched structures. The introduction of electron-withdrawing cyclopenta rings in the parent skeleton effectively stabilizes the electron-rich arenes. Their optoelectronic properties were studied via ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) absorption spectra, fluorescence spectra, cyclic voltammetry, and density functional theory (DFT) calculation. In addition, chemical oxidation of the as-prepared compounds with nitrosonium hexafluoroantimonate could form the corresponding cationic radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Deng
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
| | - Xinqun Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
| | - Leping Wei
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
| | - Tongtong Ye
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohui Yu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
| | - Chunfang Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
| | - Jinchong Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
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32
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Wang H, Zhao H, Chen S, Bai L, Su Z, Wu Y. Effective Synthesis of Ladder-type Oligo( p-aniline)s and Poly( p-aniline)s via Intramolecular S NAr Reaction. Org Lett 2021; 23:2217-2221. [PMID: 33635084 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Symmetric ladder-type oligo(p-aniline)s and poly(p-aniline)s were successfully synthesized by an intramolecular ring closure in a highly efficient SNAr reaction from oligo(p-phenylene)s and poly(p-phenylene)s with fluorine (F) and secondary amine (NH) groups. Unlike Cadogan ring closure, the newly designed cyclization reaction will not produce a mixture of symmetric and nonsymmetric structures. Moreover, the introduction of the F atom does not hinder Suzuki polymerization. The result indicates that preparing regular oligomers and polymers with a nitrogen bridge is possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
| | - Hongchi Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Chen
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
| | - Libin Bai
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyi Su
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
| | - Yonggang Wu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
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33
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Zhou Z, Zhu Y, Wei Z, Bergner J, Neiß C, Doloczki S, Görling A, Kivala M, Petrukhina MA. Reduction of π-Expanded Cyclooctatetraene with Lithium: Stabilization of the Tetra-Anion through Internal Li + Coordination. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:3510-3514. [PMID: 33108043 PMCID: PMC7898929 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202013353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The chemical reduction of a π-expanded polycyclic framework comprising a cyclooctatetraene moiety, octaphenyltetrabenzocyclooctatetraene, with lithium metal readily affords the corresponding tetra-anion instead of the expected aromatic dianion. As revealed by X-ray crystallography, the highly contorted tetra-anion is stabilized by coordination of two internally bound Li+ , while two external cations remain solvent separated. The variable-temperature 7 Li NMR spectra in THF confirm the presence of three types of Li+ ions and clearly differentiate internal binding, consistent with the crystal structure. Density-functional theory calculations suggest that the formation of the highly charged tetra-reduced carbanion is stabilized through Li+ coordination under the applied experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhou
- Department of ChemistryUniversity at AlbanyState University of New York1400 Washington Ave.AlbanyNY12222USA
| | - Yikun Zhu
- Department of ChemistryUniversity at AlbanyState University of New York1400 Washington Ave.AlbanyNY12222USA
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of ChemistryUniversity at AlbanyState University of New York1400 Washington Ave.AlbanyNY12222USA
| | - John Bergner
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
- Centre for Advanced MaterialsRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 22569120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Christian Neiß
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyChair of Theoretical ChemistryFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Susanne Doloczki
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyChair of Organic Chemistry IFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Andreas Görling
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyChair of Theoretical ChemistryFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Milan Kivala
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
- Centre for Advanced MaterialsRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 22569120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Marina A. Petrukhina
- Department of ChemistryUniversity at AlbanyState University of New York1400 Washington Ave.AlbanyNY12222USA
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34
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Du Y, Lovell HB, Lirette F, Morin JF, Plunkett KN. Electron Acceptors Based on Cyclopentannulated Anthanthrenes. J Org Chem 2021; 86:1456-1461. [PMID: 33393761 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate the preparation of anthanthrene derivatives with fused five-membered rings. These new derivatives are prepared by a palladium catalyzed cyclopentannulation reaction from precursors derived from the low-cost dye Vat Orange 3 (4,10-dibromoanthanthrone). The new cyclopentaanthanthrene compounds possess reduced optical and electrochemical gaps (∼0.9 eV) compared to anthanthrene derivatives and are electron acceptors with lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energies from ∼ -3.4 to -3.9 eV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yachu Du
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United States
| | - Hope B Lovell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United States
| | - Frédéric Lirette
- Département de Chimie and Centre de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (CERMA), Université Laval, 1045 Ave de la Médecine, Québec QC G1 V 0A6, Canada
| | - Jean-François Morin
- Département de Chimie and Centre de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (CERMA), Université Laval, 1045 Ave de la Médecine, Québec QC G1 V 0A6, Canada
| | - Kyle N Plunkett
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United States
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35
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Zhou Z, Zhu Y, Wei Z, Bergner J, Neiß C, Doloczki S, Görling A, Kivala M, Petrukhina MA. Reduction of π‐Expanded Cyclooctatetraene with Lithium: Stabilization of the Tetra‐Anion through Internal Li
+
Coordination. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202013353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany State University of New York 1400 Washington Ave. Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Yikun Zhu
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany State University of New York 1400 Washington Ave. Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany State University of New York 1400 Washington Ave. Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - John Bergner
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 225 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Christian Neiß
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Chair of Theoretical Chemistry Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Susanne Doloczki
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Chair of Organic Chemistry I Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Andreas Görling
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Chair of Theoretical Chemistry Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Milan Kivala
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 225 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Marina A. Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany State University of New York 1400 Washington Ave. Albany NY 12222 USA
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36
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Uddin A, Plunkett KN. Donor‐acceptor
copolymers from cyclopentannulation polymerizations with dicyclopenta[cd,jk]pyrene and dicyclopenta[cd,lm] perylene acceptors. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20200522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ain Uddin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Southern Illinois University Carbondale Illinois USA
| | - Kyle N. Plunkett
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Southern Illinois University Carbondale Illinois USA
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37
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Magisetty R, N R H, Shukla A, Shunmugam R, Kandasubramanian B. Poly(1,6-heptadiyne)/NiFe2O4 composite as capacitor for miniaturized electronics. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2020.1784217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- RaviPrakash Magisetty
- Nano Surface Texturing Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering, Defence Institute of Advanced Technology (DU), Ministry of Defence, Pune, India
- Defence Laboratory Jodhpur, Ministry of Defence, Jodhpur, India
| | - Hemanth N R
- Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Mangaluru, India
| | - Anuj Shukla
- Defence Laboratory Jodhpur, Ministry of Defence, Jodhpur, India
| | - Raja Shunmugam
- Polymer Research Centre, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, India
| | - Balasubramanian Kandasubramanian
- Nano Surface Texturing Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering, Defence Institute of Advanced Technology (DU), Ministry of Defence, Pune, India
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38
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Hirao T, Fukuta K, Haino T. Supramolecular Approach to Polymer-Shape Transformation via Calixarene–Fullerene Complexation. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Hirao
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Kazushi Fukuta
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Takeharu Haino
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
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39
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Zhang X, Huang Y, Zhang J, Meng W, Peng Q, Kong R, Xiao Z, Liu J, Huang M, Yi Y, Chen L, Fan Q, Lin G, Liu Z, Zhang G, Jiang L, Zhang D. Dicyclohepta[
ijkl
,
uvwx
]rubicene with Two Pentagons and Two Heptagons as a Stable and Planar Non‐benzenoid Nanographene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:3529-3533. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201914416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xi‐Sha Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Yan‐Ying Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Wei Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Qian Peng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Ruirui Kong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Zhenwei Xiao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Jie Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Miaofei Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Yuanping Yi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Liangliang Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Qingrui Fan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Gaobo Lin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Zitong Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Guanxin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Lang Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Deqing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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40
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Zhang X, Huang Y, Zhang J, Meng W, Peng Q, Kong R, Xiao Z, Liu J, Huang M, Yi Y, Chen L, Fan Q, Lin G, Liu Z, Zhang G, Jiang L, Zhang D. Dicyclohepta[
ijkl
,
uvwx
]rubicene with Two Pentagons and Two Heptagons as a Stable and Planar Non‐benzenoid Nanographene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201914416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xi‐Sha Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Yan‐Ying Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Wei Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Qian Peng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Ruirui Kong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Zhenwei Xiao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Jie Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Miaofei Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Yuanping Yi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Liangliang Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Qingrui Fan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Gaobo Lin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Zitong Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Guanxin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Lang Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Deqing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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41
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Baig N, Shetty S, Al-Mousawi S, Alameddine B. Synthesis of conjugated polymers via cyclopentannulation reaction: promising materials for iodine adsorption. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00286k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A new class of conjugated polymers is prepared by means of a versatile palladium-catalyzed cyclopentannulation reaction using a series of specially designed diethynyl aryl synthons with the commercially available 9,10-dibromoanthracene DBA monomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noorullah Baig
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences
- Gulf University for Science and Technology (GUST)
- Kuwait
- Functional Materials Group – CAMB
- GUST
| | - Suchetha Shetty
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences
- Gulf University for Science and Technology (GUST)
- Kuwait
- Functional Materials Group – CAMB
- GUST
| | | | - Bassam Alameddine
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences
- Gulf University for Science and Technology (GUST)
- Kuwait
- Functional Materials Group – CAMB
- GUST
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42
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Jolly A, Miao D, Daigle M, Morin J. Emerging Bottom‐Up Strategies for the Synthesis of Graphene Nanoribbons and Related Structures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201906379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Jolly
- Department of Chemistry and Centre de Recherche sur les Matériaux AvancésUniversité Laval 1045 Ave de la Médecine Quebec QC G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Dandan Miao
- Department of Chemistry and Centre de Recherche sur les Matériaux AvancésUniversité Laval 1045 Ave de la Médecine Quebec QC G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Maxime Daigle
- Department of Chemistry and Centre de Recherche sur les Matériaux AvancésUniversité Laval 1045 Ave de la Médecine Quebec QC G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Jean‐François Morin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre de Recherche sur les Matériaux AvancésUniversité Laval 1045 Ave de la Médecine Quebec QC G1V 0A6 Canada
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43
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Jolly A, Miao D, Daigle M, Morin JF. Emerging Bottom-Up Strategies for the Synthesis of Graphene Nanoribbons and Related Structures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:4624-4633. [PMID: 31265750 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201906379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The solution-phase synthesis is one of the most promising strategies for the preparation of well-defined graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) in large scale. To prepare high quality, defect-free GNRs, cycloaromatization reactions need to be very efficient, proceed without side reaction and mild enough to accommodate the presence of various functional groups. In this Minireview, we present the latest synthetic approaches for the synthesis of GNRs and related structures, including alkyne benzannulation, photochemical cyclodehydrohalogenation, Mallory and Pd- and Ni-catalyzed reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Jolly
- Department of Chemistry and Centre de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés, Université Laval, 1045 Ave de la Médecine, Quebec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Dandan Miao
- Department of Chemistry and Centre de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés, Université Laval, 1045 Ave de la Médecine, Quebec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Maxime Daigle
- Department of Chemistry and Centre de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés, Université Laval, 1045 Ave de la Médecine, Quebec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Jean-François Morin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés, Université Laval, 1045 Ave de la Médecine, Quebec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
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44
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Jin P, Tian F, Han Y, Wang L, Zhao X, Xiao J. Dimesitylboryl-Decorated Azaarene: Synthesis, Enhanced Stability and Optoelectronic Property. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:4395-4399. [PMID: 31709746 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201901349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The instability of large acenes and analogues usually limits their wide potentials in organic devices. Thus, effectively constructing large acenes or heteroacenes and examining their optoelectronic properties are of great interest. We herein describe the synthesis, optoelectronic behaviors and electroluminescent property of dimesitylboryl-decorated azaarene 5 and its homologue 7. The former emits strong green fluorescence in non-polar solvents but yellow light in polar solvents. The latter emits a blue light in various organic solvents. Moreover, their electrochemical behavior, photostability and electroluminescent property were further studied in a comparative manner, and the experimental findings suggest that the desired heteroarenes are appealing materials for fabricating electroluminescent devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Jin
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, P. R. China
| | - Feng Tian
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of New Energy Photovoltaic Devices, College of Physics Science and Technology, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, P. R. China
| | - Yanbing Han
- Department of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Lijiao Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohui Zhao
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of New Energy Photovoltaic Devices, College of Physics Science and Technology, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, P. R. China
| | - Jinchong Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, P. R. China
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45
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Yano Y, Mitoma N, Ito H, Itami K. A Quest for Structurally Uniform Graphene Nanoribbons: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications. J Org Chem 2019; 85:4-33. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuuta Yano
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Mitoma
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- JST-ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Hideto Ito
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- JST-ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- JST-ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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46
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Schierl C, Alex W, Mateo LM, Ballesteros B, Shimizu D, Osuka A, Torres T, Guldi DM, Bottari G. Quadrupolar Cyclopenta[
hi
]aceanthrylene‐Based Electron Donor‐Acceptor‐Donor Conjugates: Charge Transfer versus Charge Separation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201906206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Schierl
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Wiebke Alex
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Luis M. Mateo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
- IMDEA-Nanociencia Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem) Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Beatriz Ballesteros
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
- IMDEA-Nanociencia Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem) Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Daiki Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Tomas Torres
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
- IMDEA-Nanociencia Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem) Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Giovanni Bottari
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
- IMDEA-Nanociencia Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem) Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid Spain
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47
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Schierl C, Alex W, Mateo LM, Ballesteros B, Shimizu D, Osuka A, Torres T, Guldi DM, Bottari G. Quadrupolar Cyclopenta[hi]aceanthrylene-Based Electron Donor-Acceptor-Donor Conjugates: Charge Transfer versus Charge Separation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:14644-14652. [PMID: 31381224 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201906206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cyclopenta[hi]aceanthrylenes (CPAs) have been functionalized at two of the peripheral positions with electronically inert trimethylsilylethynyl (1), as well as with electron-donating 4-ethynyl-N,N-dimethylaniline (2), ethynyl ZnII phthalocyanine (3), and ethynyl ZnII porphyrin (4) units. Consistent with X-ray crystal structures of 2 and 4, analyses of absorption and fluorescence of 2-4 point to strong electronic communication between the CPA and the peripheral units, affording quadrupolar electron donor-acceptor-donor charge-transfer conjugates. By virtue of their quadrupolar/dipolar charge-transfer characters in the excited state, 2-4 exhibit fluoro-solvatochromism. Transient absorption spectroscopy confirmed delocalized quadrupolar ground states and formation of weakly solvent stabilized quadrupolar singlet excited states. The latter transform into strongly stabilized dipolar excited states before deactivating to the ground state in 2 and give rise to a fully charge separated state in 3 and 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Schierl
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wiebke Alex
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Luis M Mateo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,IMDEA-Nanociencia, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Ballesteros
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,IMDEA-Nanociencia, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daiki Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Tomas Torres
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,IMDEA-Nanociencia, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dirk M Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Giovanni Bottari
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,IMDEA-Nanociencia, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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48
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Akhmetov V, Feofanov M, Papaianina O, Troyanov S, Amsharov K. Towards Nonalternant Nanographenes through Self-Promoted Intramolecular Indenoannulation Cascade by C-F Bond Activation. Chemistry 2019; 25:11609-11613. [PMID: 31301175 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Large polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) containing pentagons represent an important class of compounds that are considered to be superior materials in future nano-electronic applications. From this perspective, the development of synthetic approaches to large PAHs and nanographenes (NGs) is a matter of great importance. In this context indenoannulation appears to be the most practical way to introduce pentagons into NGs. Here we report that alumina-mediated C-F bond activation is an attractive tool for the synthesis of non-alternant NGs bearing several pentagons. The unique nature of the reaction leads to a rather counter-intuitive outcome and allows considering each previous aryl-aryl coupling as a promoter of the following one, despite the continuous increase in the strain energy. Thus, the presented strategy combines both facile synthesis and significant yields for large nonalternant PAHs and NGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Akhmetov
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mikhail Feofanov
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Olena Papaianina
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sergey Troyanov
- Chemistry Department, Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Konstantin Amsharov
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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49
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Hirano T, Hanamura H, Inoue M, Ueda S, Watanabe M, Tanabiki M, Mikami K. Synthesis of soluble, air-stable fully conjugated ladder polymers. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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50
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Aumaitre C, Morin J. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons as Potential Building Blocks for Organic Solar Cells. CHEM REC 2019; 19:1142-1154. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201900016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Aumaitre
- Department of Chemistry and Centre de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (CERMA) 1045 Ave de la Medicine, Université Laval Quebec City, QC Canada G1V0A6
| | - Jean‐François Morin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (CERMA) 1045 Ave de la Medicine, Université Laval Quebec City, QC Canada G1V0A6
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