1
|
Li L, Zhang SQ, Cui X, Zhao G, Tang Z, Li GX. Catalytic Asymmetric Hydrogen Atom Transfer Based on a Chiral Hydrogen Atom Donor Generated from TBADT and Chiral BINOL. Org Lett 2024; 26:8371-8376. [PMID: 39316028 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c03175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Enantioselective radical reactions mediated by TBADT have seldom been seen due to the inherent challenges. Herein, we disclose a new chiral hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) reagent that was generated easily from 8H-BINOL, potassium carbonate, and TBADT under irradiation. The new complex 8H-BINOL/DTs could be used as a chiral H donor. A series of azaarenes could be converted into the corresponding chiral compounds via radical addition followed by enantioselective HAT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- Chengdu Institution of Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Shi-Qi Zhang
- Chengdu Institution of Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xin Cui
- Chengdu Institution of Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Zhuo Tang
- Chengdu Institution of Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Guang-Xun Li
- Chengdu Institution of Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhou YQ, He KC, Zheng WH, Lv JF, He SM, Yu N, Yang YB, Liu LY, Jiang K, Wei Y. 1,5-Hydrogen atom transfer of α-iminyl radical cations: a new platform for relay annulation for pyridine derivatives and axially chiral heterobiaryls. Chem Sci 2024; 15:7502-7514. [PMID: 38784726 PMCID: PMC11110145 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01858c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The exploitation of new reactive species and novel transformation modes for their synthetic applications have significantly promoted the development of synthetic organic methodology, drug discovery, and advanced functional materials. α-Iminyl radical cations, a class of distonic ions, exhibit great synthetic potential for the synthesis of valuable molecules. For their generation, radical conjugate addition to α,β-unsaturated iminium ions represents a concise yet highly challenging route, because the in situ generated species are short-lived and highly reactive and they have a high tendency to cause radical elimination (β-scission) to regenerate the more stable iminium ions. Herein, we report a new transformation mode of the α-iminyl radical cation, that is to say, 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer (1,5-HAT). Such a strategy can generate a species bearing multiple reactive sites, which serves as a platform to realize (asymmetric) relay annulations. The present iron/secondary amine synergistic catalysis causes a modular assembly of a broad spectrum of new structurally fused pyridines including axially chiral heterobiaryls, and exhibits good functional group tolerance. A series of mechanistic experiments support the α-iminyl radical cation-induced 1,5-HAT, and the formation of several radical species in the relay annulations. Various synthetic transformations of the reaction products demonstrate the usefulness of this relay annulation protocol for the synthesis of significant molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qiang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Kui-Cheng He
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Wei-Hao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Jing-Fang Lv
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Shi-Mei He
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Ning Yu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Yun-Bo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Lv-Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Kun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Ye Wei
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hong BC, Indurmuddam RR. Tetrabutylammonium decatungstate (TBADT), a compelling and trailblazing catalyst for visible-light-induced organic photocatalysis. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:3799-3842. [PMID: 38651982 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00171k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Tetrabutylammonium decatungstate (TBADT) has recently emerged as an intriguing photocatalyst under visible-light or near-visible-light irradiation in a wide range of organic reactions that were previously not conceivable. Given its ability to absorb visible light and excellent effectiveness in activating unactivated chemical bonds, it is a promising addition to traditional photocatalysts. This review covers some of the contemporary developments in visible-light or near-visible-light photocatalysis reactions enabled by the TBADT catalyst to 2023, with the contents organized by reaction type.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bor-Cherng Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 621, Taiwan.
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li Z, Ma C, Zhao L, Lin Z, Hu Y, Zhao J, Yu X. High atomic utilization conversion of ethers into furancarbaldehydes via an ether oxidation iminium-ion activation cascade strategy. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:8094-8097. [PMID: 37789756 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01120h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
A novel organocatalytic one-pot cascade ether oxidation iminium-ion activation strategy for the synthesis of naphtho[2,1-b]furan-1-carbaldehyde and benzofuran-3-carbaldehyde from high atomic utilization transformation of aryl allyl ethers has been developed. Its synthetic application will provide a new ether oxidation iminium-ion activation cascade tool for the efficient synthesis of complex molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheyao Li
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, and State Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Reactors, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Chunmei Ma
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, and State Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Reactors, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Lin Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, and State Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Reactors, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Zhongren Lin
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, and State Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Reactors, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Yang Hu
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, and State Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Reactors, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Jianhong Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, and State Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Reactors, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Xinhong Yu
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, and State Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Reactors, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li YL, Yu N, He KC, Zhou YQ, Zheng WH, Jiang K, Wei Y. Skeletal Transformation of Oxindoles into Quinolinones Enabled by Synergistic Copper/Iminium Catalysis. J Org Chem 2023; 88:4863-4874. [PMID: 36946256 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
We describe a synergistic Cu/secondary amine catalysis for skeletal transformation of an oxindole core into a quinolinone skeleton, which generates several structurally new pyridine-fused quinolinones. The synergistic reactions allow expansion of a five-membered lactam ring by radical cation-triggered C-C bond cleavage and enable a further intramolecular cyclization with the aim to construct totally distinct core skeletons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lin Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ning Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Kui-Cheng He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yu-Qiang Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Wei-Hao Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Kun Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ye Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hartley WC, Schiel F, Ermini E, Melchiorre P. Lewis Base‐Catalysed Enantioselective Radical Conjugate Addition for the Synthesis of Enantioenriched Pyrrolidinones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202204735. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Will C. Hartley
- ICIQ—Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Avenida Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | | | - Elena Ermini
- ICIQ—Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Avenida Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Paolo Melchiorre
- ICREA— Passeig Lluís Companys 23 08010 Barcelona Spain
- ICIQ—Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Avenida Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yuan M, Gutierrez O. Mechanisms, Challenges, and Opportunities of Dual Ni/Photoredox-Catalyzed C(sp 2)-C(sp 3) Cross-Couplings. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2022; 12:e1573. [PMID: 35664524 PMCID: PMC9162266 DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The merging of photoredox and nickel catalysis has revolutionized the field of C-C cross-coupling. However, in comparison to the development of synthetic methods, detailed mechanistic investigations of these catalytic systems are lagging. To improve the mechanistic understanding, computational tools have emerged as powerful tools to elucidate the factors controlling reactivity and selectivity in these complex catalytic transformations. Based on the reported computational studies, it appears that the mechanistic picture of catalytic systems is not generally applicable, but is rather dependent on the specific choice of substrate, ligands, photocatalysts, etc. Given the complexity of these systems, the need for more accurate computational methods, readily available and user-friendly dynamics simulation tools, and data-driven approaches is clear in order to understand at the molecular level the mechanisms of these transformations. In particular, we anticipate that such improvement of theoretical methods will become crucial to advance the understanding of excited-state properties and dynamics of key species, as well as to enable faster and unbiased exploration of reaction pathways. Further, with greater collaboration between computational, experimental, and spectroscopic communities, the mechanistic investigation of photoredox/Ni dual-catalytic reactions is expected to thrive quickly, facilitating the design of novel catalytic systems and promoting our understanding of the reaction selectivity.
Collapse
|
8
|
Hartley WC, Schiel F, Ermini E, Melchiorre P. Lewis Base‐Catalysed Enantioselective Radical Conjugate Addition for the Synthesis of Enantioenriched Pyrrolidinones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202204735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Will C. Hartley
- ICIQ: Institut Catala d'Investigacio Quimica Iciq 43007 Tarragona SPAIN
| | - Florian Schiel
- ICIQ: Institut Catala d'Investigacio Quimica Iciq 43007 Tarragona SPAIN
| | - Elena Ermini
- ICIQ: Institut Catala d'Investigacio Quimica iciq 43007 Tarragona SPAIN
| | - Paolo Melchiorre
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) ICIQ Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona SPAIN
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nielsen CDT, Linfoot JD, Williams AF, Spivey AC. Recent progress in asymmetric synergistic catalysis - the judicious combination of selected chiral aminocatalysts with achiral metal catalysts. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:2764-2778. [PMID: 35298581 PMCID: PMC9082520 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00025c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In this review we survey recent synergistic applications of a chiral organocatalyst with an achiral metal to perform stereoselective transformations of synthetic utility (since 2016). The transformations are classified by the modes of reactivity deployed, focussing on organocatalytic activation of carbonyl substrates as chiral nucleophiles via the α-position (e.g., as enamines) and as chiral electrophiles via the β-position (e.g., as iminium ions) combined with complementary activation of their reaction partners by an achiral metal co-catalyst (e.g., Pd or Cu-based). Corresponding radical reactions are also presented in which photocatalysis mediated by achiral metal complexes replaces the metal co-catalyst. Certain privileged structures are revealed and opportunities to develop this exciting field are highlighted. A critical survey of recent synergistic applications of a chiral organocatalyst with an achiral metal to perform stereoselective transformations of synthetic utility.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian D-T Nielsen
- Imperial College London, White City Campus, Molecular Sciences Research Hub (MSRH), 82 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK.
| | - Joshua D Linfoot
- Imperial College London, White City Campus, Molecular Sciences Research Hub (MSRH), 82 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK.
| | - Alexander F Williams
- Imperial College London, White City Campus, Molecular Sciences Research Hub (MSRH), 82 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK.
| | - Alan C Spivey
- Imperial College London, White City Campus, Molecular Sciences Research Hub (MSRH), 82 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mondal S, Dumur F, Gigmes D, Sibi MP, Bertrand MP, Nechab M. Enantioselective Radical Reactions Using Chiral Catalysts. Chem Rev 2022; 122:5842-5976. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shovan Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Syamsundar College, Shyamsundar 713424, West Bengal, India
| | - Frédéric Dumur
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire UMR 7273, F-13390e Marseille, France
| | - Didier Gigmes
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire UMR 7273, F-13390e Marseille, France
| | - Mukund P. Sibi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Michèle P. Bertrand
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire UMR 7273, F-13390e Marseille, France
| | - Malek Nechab
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire UMR 7273, F-13390e Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
del Río-Rodríguez R, Westwood M, SICIGNANO MARINA, Juhl M, Fernandez-Salas JAA, Aleman J, Smith AD. Isothiourea-Catalysed Enantioselective Radical Conjugate Addition under Batch and Flow Conditions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:7277-7280. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02432b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The photocatalytic generation of α-amino radicals is combined with chiral isothiourea derived α,β-unsaturated acyl ammonium intermediates. The reaction proceeds via a [3+2] radical-polar crossover mechanism to generate γ-lactams in good...
Collapse
|
12
|
Hyodo M, Iwano H, Kasakado T, Fukuyama T, Ryu I. Using High-Power UV-LED to Accelerate a Decatungstate-Anion-Catalyzed Reaction: A Model Study for the Quick Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol to Benzoic Acid Using Molecular Oxygen. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12111307. [PMID: 34832719 PMCID: PMC8623277 DOI: 10.3390/mi12111307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
High-power UV-LED irradiation (365 nm) effectively accelerated the decatungstate-anion-catalyzed oxidation of benzyl alcohol 1 to benzoic acid 3 via benzaldehyde 2. As the power of the UV-LED light increased, both the selectivity and yield of benzoic acid also increased. The reaction was finished within 1 h to give 3 in a 93% yield using 2 mol% of decatungstate anion catalyst. The combination of a flow photoreactor and high-power irradiation accelerated the oxidation reaction to an interval of only a few minutes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mamoru Hyodo
- Organization for Research Promotion, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan; (H.I.); (T.K.)
- Correspondence: (M.H.); (I.R.)
| | - Hitomi Iwano
- Organization for Research Promotion, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan; (H.I.); (T.K.)
| | - Takayoshi Kasakado
- Organization for Research Promotion, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan; (H.I.); (T.K.)
| | - Takahide Fukuyama
- Department of Chemistry, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan;
| | - Ilhyong Ryu
- Organization for Research Promotion, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan; (H.I.); (T.K.)
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University (NYCU), Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (M.H.); (I.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hayakawa M, Shirota H, Hirayama S, Yamada R, Aoyama T, Ouchi A. Sunlight-induced C C bond formation reaction: Radical addition of alcohols/ethers/acetals to olefins. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
14
|
Bera SS, Bahukhandi SB, Empel C, Koenigs RM. Catalyst-controlled site-selective N-H and C3-arylation of carbazole via carbene transfer reactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:6193-6196. [PMID: 34048520 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01863a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A site-selective direct arylation reaction of carbazole and other N-heterocycles with diazo-naphthalen-2(1H)-ones has been developed. While Au(i)-NHC catalysts lead to selective C3-arylation, palladium acetate allows for selective N-H arylation, displaying complete site-selectivity each. To show the applicability of these arylation reactions, one-pot, two-fold diarylation reactions of carbazole were demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Sekhar Bera
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Landoltweg 1, Aachen D-52074, Germany.
| | | | - Claire Empel
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Landoltweg 1, Aachen D-52074, Germany.
| | - Rene M Koenigs
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Landoltweg 1, Aachen D-52074, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhang HH, Yu S, Zhao JJ. Enantioselective Radical Functionalization of Imines and Iminium Intermediates via Visible-Light Photoredox Catalysis. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1343-6541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
AbstractVisible-light photoredox catalysis has recently emerged as a powerful tool for the development of new and valuable chemical transformations under mild conditions. Visible-light promoted enantioselective radical transformations of imines and iminium intermediates provide new opportunities for the asymmetric synthesis of amines and the asymmetric β-functionalization of unsaturated carbonyl compounds. In this review, recent advances on the catalytic asymmetric radical functionalization of imines and iminium intermediates are summarized.1 Introduction2 Enantioselective Radical Functionalization of Imines2.1 Asymmetric Reduction2.2 Asymmetric Cyclization2.3 Asymmetric Addition2.4 Asymmetric Radical–Radical Coupling 3 Enantioselective Radical Functionalization of Iminium Ions3.1 Asymmetric Radical Alkylation3.2 Asymmetric Radical Acylation4 Conclusion
Collapse
|
16
|
Yuan M, Zhang X, Han Y, Wang F, Wang F. Organoplatinum(II)-Based Self-Complementary Molecular Tweezers with Guest-Induced Fluorochromic Behaviors. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:14134-14140. [PMID: 32921054 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cyclometalated organoplatinum(II) complexes have aroused tremendous interests due to their square-planar geometry and intriguing photophysics. To access multiplatinum systems with more than three cyclometalated organoplatinum(II) units, the traditional covalent synthetic approach suffers from tedious multistep reactions with low overall yield. In comparison, supramolecular assembly can be regarded as an effective strategy toward multiplatinum(II) architectures. Despite the progresses achieved, it is still challenging to fabricate well-ordered supramolecular assemblies with precise numbers of organoplatinum(II) units. Herein, self-complementary dimerized molecular tweezers with four cyclometalated platinum(II) units have been successfully constructed by taking advantage of dual roles of the incorporated 2,2':6',2''-terpyridine unit (serving as the rigid spacer and encapsulated guest). Furthermore, addition of electron-rich carbazoles leads to conversion of the self-complementary structure to molecular tweezer/guest complexes. Such a structural transformation gives rise to the concomitant luminescent color change. The unique guest-induced fluorochromic phenomena, which are seldom reported in the previous host-guest systems, would be promising as tunable luminescent and ratiometric sensing materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China.,Department of Chemistry, BengBu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yifei Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Fan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Feng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hayakawa M, Shimizu R, Omori H, Shirota H, Uchida K, Mashimo H, Xu H, Yamada R, Niino S, Wakame Y, Liu C, Aoyama T, Ouchi A. Photochemical addition of cyclic ethers/acetals to olefins using BuOO Bu: Synthesis of masked ketones/aldehydes and diols. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
18
|
Gualandi A, Cozzi PG, Rodeghiero G, Jansen TP, Perciaccante R. Stereoselective synergystic organo photoredox catalysis with enamines and iminiums. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2018-0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Graphical Abstract
Application of small chiral organic molecules in catalysis has been dominated by formation of chiral enamines or iminium ions. Nucleophiles – electrophiles reactivity has been exploited in many papers. Now, the possibility to combine organocatalysis with photochemistry open new “exciting” possibilities and opportunities, in reactions that are mediated by radicals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gualandi
- Università degli Studi di Bologna , Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician” , via Selmi 2 , 40126 Bologna , Italy
| | - Pier Giorgio Cozzi
- Università degli Studi di Bologna , Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician” , via Selmi 2 , 40126 Bologna , Italy
| | - Giacomo Rodeghiero
- Chemistry R&D , Cyanagen Srl , Via Stradelli Guelfi 40/C , Bologna 40138 , Italy
| | - Thomas Paul Jansen
- Chemistry R&D , Cyanagen Srl , Via Stradelli Guelfi 40/C , Bologna 40138 , Italy
| | - Rossana Perciaccante
- Chemistry R&D , Cyanagen Srl , Via Stradelli Guelfi 40/C , Bologna 40138 , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Crisenza GM, Mazzarella D, Melchiorre P. Synthetic Methods Driven by the Photoactivity of Electron Donor-Acceptor Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:5461-5476. [PMID: 32134647 PMCID: PMC7099579 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 501] [Impact Index Per Article: 125.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The association of an electron-rich substrate with an electron-accepting molecule can generate a new molecular aggregate in the ground state, called an electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complex. Even when the two precursors do not absorb visible light, the resulting EDA complex often does. In 1952, Mulliken proposed a quantum-mechanical theory to rationalize the formation of such colored EDA complexes. However, and besides a few pioneering studies in the 20th century, it is only in the past few years that the EDA complex photochemistry has been recognized as a powerful strategy for expanding the potential of visible-light-driven radical synthetic chemistry. Here, we explain why this photochemical synthetic approach was overlooked for so long. We critically discuss the historical context, scientific reasons, serendipitous observations, and landmark discoveries that were essential for progress in the field. We also outline future directions and identify the key advances that are needed to fully exploit the potential of the EDA complex photochemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo
E. M. Crisenza
- ICIQ
− Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Daniele Mazzarella
- ICIQ
− Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Paolo Melchiorre
- ICIQ
− Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- ICREA, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Balijapalli U, Tanaka M, Auffray M, Chan CY, Lee YT, Tsuchiya Y, Nakanotani H, Adachi C. Utilization of Multi-Heterodonors in Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Molecules and Their High Performance Bluish-Green Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:9498-9506. [PMID: 32020791 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b20020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report a series of pentacarbazolyl-benzonitrile derivatives such as 2,4,6-tri(9H-carbazol-9-yl)-3,5-bis(3,6-di(pyridin-3-yl)-9H-carbazol-9-yl)benzonitrile (mPyBN), 3,5-bis(3,6-bis(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-9H-carbazol-9-yl)-2,4,6-tri(9H-carbazol-9-yl)benzonitrile (pCF3BN), 2,4,6-tri(9H-carbazol-9-yl)-3-(3,6-di(pyridin-3-yl)-9H-carbazol-9-yl)-5-(3,6-diphenyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)benzonitrile (PyPhBN), 3-(3,6-bis(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-9H-carbazol-9-yl)-2,4,6-tri(9H-carbazol-9-yl)-5-(3,6-di(pyridin-3-yl)-9H-carbazol-9-yl)benzonitrile (PyCF3BN), and 3-(3,6-bis(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-9H-carbazol-9-yl)-2,6-di(9H-carbazol-9-yl)-5-(3,6-di(pyridin-3-yl)-9H-carbazol-9-yl)-4-(9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-9-yl)benzonitrile (CbPyCF3BN) in which some of the carbazoles are substituted with modified 3,5-diphenyl carbazoles, exhibiting thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) properties. These emitters comprised two, three, and four different types of donors, capable of bluish-green emission of around 480 nm with relatively high photoluminescence quantum yields over 90% in solution. Emitters, namely, PyPhBN, PyCF3BN, and CbPyCF3BN, composed of three and four different types of donors endowed a rather short delayed lifetime (τd) of 4.25, 5.01, and 3.65 μs in their film state, respectively. Bluish-green organic light-emitting diodes based on PyPhBN, PyCF3BN, and CbPyCF3BN exhibit a high external quantum efficiency of 20.6, 19.5, and 19.6%, respectively, with unsurpassed efficiency roll-off behavior. These results indicate that the TADF properties of multidonor type molecules can be manipulated by controlling the types and number of electron donor units.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Umamahesh Balijapalli
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA) , Kyushu University , 744 Motooka , Nishi, Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
| | - Masaki Tanaka
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA) , Kyushu University , 744 Motooka , Nishi, Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
| | - Morgan Auffray
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA) , Kyushu University , 744 Motooka , Nishi, Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
| | - Chin-Yiu Chan
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA) , Kyushu University , 744 Motooka , Nishi, Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
| | - Yi-Ting Lee
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA) , Kyushu University , 744 Motooka , Nishi, Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
| | - Youichi Tsuchiya
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA) , Kyushu University , 744 Motooka , Nishi, Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
- International Institute for Carbon Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER) , Kyushu University , 744 Motooka , Nishi, Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
| | - Hajime Nakanotani
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA) , Kyushu University , 744 Motooka , Nishi, Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
- International Institute for Carbon Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER) , Kyushu University , 744 Motooka , Nishi, Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
| | - Chihaya Adachi
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA) , Kyushu University , 744 Motooka , Nishi, Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
- International Institute for Carbon Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER) , Kyushu University , 744 Motooka , Nishi, Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
AbstractWithin the last decade the combination of photoredox catalysis and other catalytic modes of activation has become a powerful tool for organic synthesis to enable transformations that are not possible using single catalyst systems and hence are complementary to traditional methodology. Especially reactions proceeding via synergistic catalysis where co-catalyst and photocatalyst simultaneously and separately activate different reaction partners greatly benefit from the special properties of molecules and transition metal complexes in their excited state being oxidizing and reducing in nature at the same time. Apart from allowing for the generation of radical (open-shell) reactive intermediates by SET under mild conditions from bench-stable, abundant precursors, the photocatalyst often acts to interweave the distinct catalytic cycles by interaction at multiple points of the reaction mechanism to provide overall redox-neutral processes by shuttling electrons within in this complex network of elementary reaction steps. Synergistic strategies moreover may allow to performing such reactions with enantioselectivity, while mostly the selectivity is achieved by the chiral co-catalyst. The merger of photocatalysis has been achieved with a broad range of alternative modes of catalysis including organocatalysis, Brønstedt and Lewis acid and base catalysis, enzyme catalysis as well as in the context of cross-coupling transition metal catalysis overcoming challenging steps in this methodology and therefore has contributed to considerably expand the repertoire of suitable coupling partners. While only selected examples will be discussed, this chapter will highlight various dual catalytic platforms focusing on the photocatalytically generated intermediates, but also illustrating the diverse roles of photocatalysts in the context of such synergistic multicatalysis reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Zeitler
- Fakultät für Chemie und Mineralogie, Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, D-04107, Leipzig04103, Germany
| | - Matthias Neumann
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Bayern, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Maeta N, Kamiya H, Okada Y. Probing Intramolecular Electron Transfer in Redox Tag Processes. Org Lett 2019; 21:8519-8522. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Maeta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Kamiya
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Yohei Okada
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Buzzetti L, Crisenza GEM, Melchiorre P. Mechanistic Studies in Photocatalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:3730-3747. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201809984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 357] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Buzzetti
- ICIQ—Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Avenida Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Giacomo E. M. Crisenza
- ICIQ—Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Avenida Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Paolo Melchiorre
- ICIQ—Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Avenida Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
- ICREA—Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies Passeig Lluís Companys 23 08010 Barcelona Spain
- IIT—Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaLaboratory of Asymmetric Catalysis and Photochemistry Via Morego 30 16163 Genoa Italy
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Buzzetti L, Crisenza GEM, Melchiorre P. Mechanistische Studien in der Photokatalyse. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201809984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Buzzetti
- ICIQ—Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Avenida Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spanien
| | - Giacomo E. M. Crisenza
- ICIQ—Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Avenida Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spanien
| | - Paolo Melchiorre
- ICIQ—Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Avenida Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spanien
- ICREA—Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies Passeig Lluís Companys 23 08010 Barcelona Spanien
- IIT—Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaLaboratory of Asymmetric Catalysis and Photochemistry Via Morego 30 16163 Genoa Italy
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Metal-Free Photoinduced Transformation of Aryl Halides and Diketones into Aryl Ketones. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
26
|
Cheng H, Xu W. Recent advances in modified TiO2 for photo-induced organic synthesis. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:9977-9989. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01739a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The recent advancements of modified TiO2 materials as photocatalysts for organic synthesis are summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haojie Cheng
- School of Information Management
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
- China
| | - Wentao Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
- China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Okada Y. “Snapshots” of Intramolecular Electron Transfer in Redox Tag-Guided [2 + 2] Cycloadditions. J Org Chem 2018; 84:1882-1886. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Okada
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Aycock RA, Pratt CJ, Jui NT. Aminoalkyl Radicals as Powerful Intermediates for the Synthesis of Unnatural Amino Acids and Peptides. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b03031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Adam Aycock
- Department of Chemistry and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Cameron J. Pratt
- Department of Chemistry and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Nathan T. Jui
- Department of Chemistry and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Enantioselective radical conjugate additions driven by a photoactive intramolecular iminium-ion-based EDA complex. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3274. [PMID: 30115906 PMCID: PMC6095928 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05375-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The photochemical activity of electron donor–acceptor (EDA) complexes provides a way to generate radicals under mild conditions. This strategy has found application in chemical synthesis and recently in enantioselective catalysis. Reported methods classically relied on the formation of intermolecular EDA complexes, generated upon aggregation of two suitable reagents. Herein, we further expand the synthetic utility of this strategy demonstrating that an intramolecular EDA complex can trigger a photochemical catalytic enantioselective radical process. This approach enables radical conjugate additions to β-substituted cyclic enones to form quaternary carbon stereocenters with high stereocontrol using visible light irradiation. Crucial for success is the use of an amine catalyst, adorned with a carbazole moiety, which generates, upon condensation with enones, chiral iminium ions that show a broad absorption band in the visible region. This optical property originates from an intramolecular charge transfer π–π interaction between the electron-rich carbazole nucleus and the electron-deficient iminium double bond. In enantioselective catalysis, electron donor–acceptor (EDA) complexes are usually photochemically activated in an intermolecular fashion. Here, the authors report the stereoselective conjugate addition to β-substituted cyclic enones proceeding without external photoredox catalysts via an intramolecular EDA complex.
Collapse
|
30
|
Enhancing the potential of enantioselective organocatalysis with light. Nature 2018; 554:41-49. [PMID: 29388950 DOI: 10.1038/nature25175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 385] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Organocatalysis-catalysis mediated by small chiral organic molecules-is a powerful technology for enantioselective synthesis, and has extensive applications in traditional ionic, two-electron-pair reactivity domains. Recently, organocatalysis has been successfully combined with photochemical reactivity to unlock previously inaccessible reaction pathways, thereby creating new synthetic opportunities. Here we describe the historical context, scientific reasoning and landmark discoveries that were essential in expanding the functions of organocatalysis to include one-electron-mediated chemistry and excited-state reactivity.
Collapse
|
31
|
Okada Y, Maeta N, Nakayama K, Kamiya H. TiO 2 Photocatalysis in Aromatic "Redox Tag"-Guided Intermolecular Formal [2 + 2] Cycloadditions. J Org Chem 2018; 83:4948-4962. [PMID: 29656651 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Since the pioneering work by Macmillan, Yoon, and Stephenson, homogeneous photoredox catalysis has occupied a central place in new reaction development in the field of organic chemistry. While heterogeneous semiconductor photocatalysis has also been studied extensively, it has generally been recognized as a redox option in inorganic chemistry where such "photocatalysis" is most often used to catalyze carbon-carbon bond cleavage and not in organic chemistry where bond formation is usually the focal point. Herein, we demonstrate that titanium dioxide photocatalysis is a powerful redox option to construct carbon-carbon bonds by using intermolecular formal [2 + 2] cycloadditions as models. Synergy between excited electrons and holes generated upon irradiation is expected to promote the overall net redox neutral process. Key for the successful application is the use of a lithium perchlorate/nitromethane electrolyte solution, which exhibits remarkable Lewis acidity to facilitate the reactions of carbon-centered radical cations with carbon nucleophiles. The reaction mechanism is reasonably understood based on both intermolecular and intramolecular single electron transfer regulated by an aromatic "redox tag". Most of the reactions were completed in less than 30 min even in aqueous and/or aerobic conditions without the need for sacrificial reducing or oxidizing substrates generally required for homogeneous photoredox catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Okada
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , 2-24-16 Naka-cho , Koganei , Tokyo 184-8588 , Japan
| | - Naoya Maeta
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , 2-24-16 Naka-cho , Koganei , Tokyo 184-8588 , Japan
| | - Kaii Nakayama
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , 2-24-16 Naka-cho , Koganei , Tokyo 184-8588 , Japan
| | - Hidehiro Kamiya
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , 2-24-16 Naka-cho , Koganei , Tokyo 184-8588 , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zou YQ, Hörmann FM, Bach T. Iminium and enamine catalysis in enantioselective photochemical reactions. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:278-290. [PMID: 29155908 PMCID: PMC5789435 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00509a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The rapidly growing area of iminium and enamine catalysis in enantioselective photochemistry is reviewed, with an emphasis on catalytic modes and reaction types.
Although enantioselective catalysis under thermal conditions has been well established over the last few decades, the enantioselective catalysis of photochemical reactions is still a challenging task resulting from the complex enantiotopic face differentiation in the photoexcited state. Recently, remarkable achievements have been reported by a synergistic combination of organocatalysis and photocatalysis, which have led to the expedient construction of a diverse range of enantioenriched molecules which are generally not easily accessible under thermal conditions. In this tutorial review, we summarize and highlight the most significant advances in iminium and enamine catalysis of enantioselective photochemical reactions, with an emphasis on catalytic modes and reaction types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- You-Quan Zou
- Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center (CRC), Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85747 Garching, Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Li M, Sang Y, Xue XS, Cheng JP. Origin of Stereocontrol in Photoredox Organocatalysis of Asymmetric α-Functionalizations of Aldehydes. J Org Chem 2018; 83:3333-3338. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Man Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yueqian Sang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiao-Song Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jin-Pei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Center of Basic Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Sahoo H, Mandal A, Dana S, Baidya M. Visible Light-Induced Synthetic Approach for Selenylative Spirocyclization of N
-Aryl Alkynamides with Molecular Oxygen as Oxidant. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201701410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Harekrishna Sahoo
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Madras; Chennai 600 036, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Anup Mandal
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Madras; Chennai 600 036, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Suman Dana
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Madras; Chennai 600 036, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Mahiuddin Baidya
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Madras; Chennai 600 036, Tamil Nadu India
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Verrier C, Alandini N, Pezzetta C, Moliterno M, Buzzetti L, Hepburn HB, Vega-Peñaloza A, Silvi M, Melchiorre P. Direct Stereoselective Installation of Alkyl Fragments at the β-Carbon of Enals via Excited Iminium Ion Catalysis. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b03788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Charlie Verrier
- ICIQ—Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Nurtalya Alandini
- ICIQ—Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Cristofer Pezzetta
- ICIQ—Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Mauro Moliterno
- ICIQ—Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Luca Buzzetti
- ICIQ—Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Hamish B. Hepburn
- ICIQ—Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Alberto Vega-Peñaloza
- ICIQ—Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Mattia Silvi
- ICIQ—Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Paolo Melchiorre
- ICIQ—Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- ICREA—Passeig
Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Li S, Liu B, Chen L, Li X, Cheng JP. N-Heterocyclic carbene promoted enantioselective desymmetrization reaction of diarylalkane-bisphenols. Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qo01083d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An enantioselective NHC-catalyzed desymmetrization reaction of diarylalkane-bisphenols with aldehydes was reported under the guidance of linear free energy relationships (LFERs).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shoulei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
| | - Bin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
| | - Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
| | - Jin-Pei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Hörmann FM, Chung TS, Rodriguez E, Jakob M, Bach T. Evidence for Triplet Sensitization in the Visible-Light-Induced [2+2] Photocycloaddition of Eniminium Ions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 57:827-831. [PMID: 29178574 PMCID: PMC5768022 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201710441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Εniminium ions were prepared from the corresponding α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds (enones and enals), and were found to be promoted to their respective triplet states by energy transfer. The photoexcited intermediates underwent intra- or intermolecular [2+2] photocycloaddition in good yields (50-78 %) upon irradiation at λ=433 nm or λ=457 nm. Iridium or ruthenium complexes with a sufficiently high triplet energy were identified as efficient catalysts (2.5 mol % catalyst loading) for the reaction. The intermolecular [2+2] photocycloaddition of an eniminium ion derived from a chiral secondary amine proceeded with high enantioselectivity (88 % ee).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian M Hörmann
- Department Chemie und Catalysis Research Center, CRC, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747, Garching, Germany
| | - Tim S Chung
- Department Chemie und Catalysis Research Center, CRC, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747, Garching, Germany
| | - Elsa Rodriguez
- Department Chemie und Catalysis Research Center, CRC, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747, Garching, Germany
| | - Matthias Jakob
- Department Chemie und Catalysis Research Center, CRC, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747, Garching, Germany
| | - Thorsten Bach
- Department Chemie und Catalysis Research Center, CRC, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747, Garching, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Hörmann FM, Chung TS, Rodriguez E, Jakob M, Bach T. Hinweise auf eine Triplett‐Sensibilisierung in der [2+2]‐Photocycloaddition von Eniminiumionen mit sichtbarem Licht. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201710441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian M. Hörmann
- Department Chemie und Catalysis Research Center, CRCTechnische Universität München Lichtenbergstraße 4 85747 Garching Deutschland
| | - Tim S. Chung
- Department Chemie und Catalysis Research Center, CRCTechnische Universität München Lichtenbergstraße 4 85747 Garching Deutschland
| | - Elsa Rodriguez
- Department Chemie und Catalysis Research Center, CRCTechnische Universität München Lichtenbergstraße 4 85747 Garching Deutschland
| | - Matthias Jakob
- Department Chemie und Catalysis Research Center, CRCTechnische Universität München Lichtenbergstraße 4 85747 Garching Deutschland
| | - Thorsten Bach
- Department Chemie und Catalysis Research Center, CRCTechnische Universität München Lichtenbergstraße 4 85747 Garching Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Okada Y, Chiba K. Redox-Tag Processes: Intramolecular Electron Transfer and Its Broad Relationship to Redox Reactions in General. Chem Rev 2017; 118:4592-4630. [PMID: 29218989 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Explosive growth in the use of open shell reactivity, including neutral radicals and radical ions, in the field of synthetic organic chemistry has been observed in the past decade, particularly since the advent of ruthenium complexes in 2008. These complexes generally induce single-electron transfer (SET) processes via visible-light absorption. Additionally, recent significant advancements in organic electrochemistry involving SET processes to provide open shell reactivity offer a complementary method to traditional polarity-driven reactions described by two-electron transfer processes. In this Review, we highlight the importance of intramolecular SET processes in the field of synthetic organic chemistry, which seem to be more elusive than the intermolecular versions, since they are net redox-neutral and thus cannot simply be regarded as oxidations or reductions. Such intramolecular SET processes can rationally be understood in combination with concomitant bond formations and/or cleavages, and are regulated by a structural motif that we call a "redox tag." In order to describe modern radical-driven reactions involving SET processes, we focus on a classical formalism in which electrons are treated as particles rather than waves, which offers a practical yet powerful approach to explain and/or predict synthetic outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Okada
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , 2-24-16 Naka-cho , Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588 , Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Chiba
- Department of Applied Biological Science , Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho , Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509 , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Fukuyama T, Nishikawa T, Yamada K, Ravelli D, Fagnoni M, Ryu I. Photocatalyzed Site-Selective C(sp 3)-H Functionalization of Alkylpyridines at Non-Benzylic Positions. Org Lett 2017; 19:6436-6439. [PMID: 29154551 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b03339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Tetrabutylammonium decatungstate (TBADT)-photocatalyzed C-H functionalization of alkylpyridines was investigated. Unlike alkylbenzene counterparts, alkylation of α-C-H bonds did not proceed for the reaction of 2- and 4-alkylpyridines and reluctantly proceeded for 3-alkylpyridines, which allow site-selective C(sp3)-H functionalization at nonbenzylic positions. The observed nonbenzylic site selectivities are rationalized by the polar inductive effects of pyridyl groups in the SH2 transition states. Consecutive γ-functionalization and α-bromofunctionalization were successfully carried out in selected cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takahide Fukuyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University , Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Nishikawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University , Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Keiichi Yamada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University , Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Davide Ravelli
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia , Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Fagnoni
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia , Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Ilhyong Ryu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University , Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan.,Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Esumi N, Suzuki K, Nishimoto Y, Yasuda M. Generation of α-Iminyl Radicals from α-Bromo Cyclic N
-Sulfonylimines and Application to Coupling with Various Radical Acceptors Using a Photoredox Catalyst. Chemistry 2017; 24:312-316. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Esumi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering; Osaka University; 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Kensuke Suzuki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering; Osaka University; 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nishimoto
- Frontier Research Base for Global Young Researchers Center for Open Innovation Research and Education (COiRE), Graduate School of Engineering; Osaka University; 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Makoto Yasuda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering; Osaka University; 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Yang C, Zhang W, Li YH, Xue XS, Li X, Cheng JP. Origin of Stereoselectivity of the Photoinduced Asymmetric Phase-Transfer-Catalyzed Perfluoroalkylation of β-Ketoesters. J Org Chem 2017; 82:9321-9327. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yang
- State
Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
- Department
of Chemistry and Biology, College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
| | - Yi-He Li
- Department
of Chemistry and Biology, College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Xiao-Song Xue
- State
Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
| | - Xin Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Pei Cheng
- State
Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
- Department
of Chemistry and Biology, College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Hu RB, Sun S, Su Y. Visible-Light-Induced Carbo-2-pyridylation of Electron-Deficient Alkenes with Pyridinium Salts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201704385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Bin Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation; Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP); Chinese Academy of Sciences; Lanzhou 730000 P.R. China
| | - Shuai Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation; Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP); Chinese Academy of Sciences; Lanzhou 730000 P.R. China
| | - Yijin Su
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation; Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP); Chinese Academy of Sciences; Lanzhou 730000 P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Hu RB, Sun S, Su Y. Visible-Light-Induced Carbo-2-pyridylation of Electron-Deficient Alkenes with Pyridinium Salts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:10877-10880. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201704385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Bin Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation; Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP); Chinese Academy of Sciences; Lanzhou 730000 P.R. China
| | - Shuai Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation; Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP); Chinese Academy of Sciences; Lanzhou 730000 P.R. China
| | - Yijin Su
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation; Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP); Chinese Academy of Sciences; Lanzhou 730000 P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|