1
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Dao N, Gan XC, Shenvi RA. Metal-Hydride C-C Cross-Coupling of Alkenes Through a Double Outer-Sphere Mechanism. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 38926670 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
This Synopsis covers recent reports of metal-catalyzed alkene functionalizations that likely involve iterative outer-sphere reactions in which the substrate reacts directly with a metal ligand instead of with the metal center itself. Traditional metal hydride-catalyzed alkene functionalizations involve this latter pathway whereby the alkene forms part of the metal ligand sphere (i.e. an inner-sphere reaction). In contrast, alkenes do not ligate the metal in so-called outer-sphere reactions and instead react with a metal ligand. These transformations have proved crucial for the synthesis of high fraction sp3 (Fsp3) targets, especially in hindered fragment couplings of relevance to natural product space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Dao
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
- Graduate School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Xu-Cheng Gan
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Ryan A Shenvi
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
- Graduate School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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2
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Yamaguchi Y, Hirata Y, Higashida K, Yoshino T, Matsunaga S. Cobalt/Photoredox Dual-Catalyzed Cross-Radical Coupling of Alkenes via Hydrogen Atom Transfer and Homolytic Substitution. Org Lett 2024; 26:4893-4897. [PMID: 38836750 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Cobalt-catalyzed metal hydride hydrogen atom transfer (MHAT) in combination with photoredox catalysis has emerged as a powerful synthetic method, owing to its redox nature and applicability to various radical precursors. Herein, we describe a cross-radical coupling reaction under cobalt/photoredox dual catalysis. MHAT and homolytic substitution (SH2) processes enabled Markovnikov-selective hydrobenzylation of di/trisubstituted alkenes, affording products with a quaternary carbon center in a redox-neutral manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Yamaguchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0808, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yuki Hirata
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0808, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kosuke Higashida
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Yoshino
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0808, Japan
| | - Shigeki Matsunaga
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0808, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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3
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Lindner H, Amberg WM, Martini T, Fischer DM, Moore E, Carreira EM. Photo- and Cobalt-Catalyzed Synthesis of Heterocycles via Cycloisomerization of Unactivated Olefins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319515. [PMID: 38415968 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
We report a general, intramolecular cycloisomerization of unactivated olefins with pendant nucleophiles. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions and tolerates ethers, esters, protected amines, acetals, pyrazoles, carbamates, and arenes. It is amenable to N-, O-, as well as C-nucleophiles, yielding a number of different heterocycles including, but not limited to, pyrrolidines, piperidines, oxazolidinones, and lactones. Use of both a benzothiazinoquinoxaline as organophotocatalyst and a Co-salen catalyst obviates the need for stoichiometric oxidant or reductant. We showcase the utility of the protocol in late-stage drug diversification and synthesis of several small natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Lindner
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Willi M Amberg
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tristano Martini
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - David M Fischer
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Eléonore Moore
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Erick M Carreira
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
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4
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Kong L, Gan XC, van der Puyl Lovett VA, Shenvi RA. Alkene Hydrobenzylation by a Single Catalyst That Mediates Iterative Outer-Sphere Steps. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:2351-2357. [PMID: 38232310 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Cross-coupling catalysts typically react and unite functionally distinct partners via sequential inner-sphere elementary steps: coordination, migratory insertion, reductive elimination, etc. Here, we report a single catalyst that cross-couples styrenes and benzyl bromides via iterative outer-sphere steps: metal-ligand-carbon interactions. Each partner forms a stabilized radical intermediate, yet heterocoupled products predominate. The system is redox-neutral and, thus, avoids exogenous oxidants, resulting in simple and scalable conditions. Numerous variations of alkene hydrobenzylation are made possible, including access to the privileged heterodibenzyl (1,2-diarylethane) motif and challenging quaternary carbon variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingran Kong
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Xu-Cheng Gan
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Vincent A van der Puyl Lovett
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
- Graduate School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Ryan A Shenvi
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
- Graduate School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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5
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Qin J, Barday M, Jana S, Sanosa N, Funes-Ardoiz I, Teskey CJ. Photoinduced Cobalt Catalysis for the Reductive Coupling of Pyridines and Dienes Enabled by Paired Single-Electron Transfer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202310639. [PMID: 37676106 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Selective hydroarylation of dienes has potential to provide swift access to useful building blocks. However, most existing methods rely on dienes stabilised by an aromatic group and transmetallation or nucleophilic attack steps require electron-rich aryl coupling partners. As such, there are few examples which tolerate wide-spread heteroarenes such as pyridine. Whilst allylic C-H functionalisation could be considered an alternative approach, the positional selectivity of unsymmetrical substrates is hard to control. Here, we report a general approach for selective hydropyridylation of dienes under mild conditions using metal catalysed hydrogen-atom transfer. Photoinduced, reductive conditions enable simultaneous formation of a cobalt-hydride catalyst and the persistent radical of easily-synthesised pyridyl phosphonium salts. This facilitates selective coupling of dienes in a traceless manner at the C4-position of a wide-range of pyridine substrates. The mildness of the method is underscored by its functional-group tolerance and demonstrated by applications in late-stage functionalisation. Based on a combination of experimental and computational studies, we propose a mechanistic pathway which proceeds through non-reversible hydrogen-atom transfer (HAT) from a cobalt hydride species which is uniquely selective for dienes in the presence of other olefins due to a much higher relative barrier associated with olefin HAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyang Qin
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Manuel Barday
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Samikshan Jana
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nil Sanosa
- Department of Chemistry, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química (CISQ), Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, 26006, Logroño, Spain
| | - Ignacio Funes-Ardoiz
- Department of Chemistry, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química (CISQ), Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, 26006, Logroño, Spain
| | - Christopher J Teskey
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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6
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Jana S, Mayerhofer VJ, Teskey CJ. Photo- and Electrochemical Cobalt Catalysed Hydrogen Atom Transfer for the Hydrofunctionalisation of Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202304882. [PMID: 37184388 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202304882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic hydrogen atom transfer from metal-hydrides to alkenes allows feedstock olefins to be used as alkyl radical precursors. The chemoselectivity of this process makes it an attractive synthetic tool and as such it has been regularly used in synthesis of complex molecules. However, onwards reactivity is limited by compatibility with the conditions which form the key metal-hydride species. Now, through the merger with photocatalysis or electrochemistry, milder methods are emerging which can unlock entirely new reactivity and offer perspectives on expanding these methods in unprecedented directions. This review outlines the most recent developments in electro- and photochemical cobalt catalysed methods and offers suggestions on the future outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samikshan Jana
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Victor J Mayerhofer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christopher J Teskey
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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7
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Yu M, Jiang Q, Liu X, Chen Y, Sun K, Tian M, Wang W. Regiospecificity C(sp 2)-C(sp 3) Bond Construction between Purines and Alkenes to Synthesize C 6-Alkylpurines and Purine Nucleosides Using O 2 as the Oxidant. J Org Chem 2023; 88:1411-1423. [PMID: 36634372 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A highly site-selective and Markovnikov-type radical C6-H alkylation of purines with alkenes is achieved, allowing fast construction of the C(sp2)-C(sp3) bond at the C-6-position of purines and purine nucleosides using O2 as a green oxidant and alkenes as cheap alkylation reagents. The route was also a radical route to synthesize C6-alkyl-N7-substituted purines with potential steric hindrance between C6-alkyl groups and N7-substituted groups. This reaction is easily scaled up and has excellent functional group compatibility and broad substrate scopes. Moreover, the unstable intermediate was also separated, which was the key evidence for the reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingwu Yu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, P. R. China
| | - Qingsong Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, P. R. China
| | - Xiguang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, P. R. China
| | - Yiwen Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, P. R. China
| | - Kai Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264025, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Miao Tian
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264025, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Weili Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, P. R. China
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8
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Mittendorf F, Celik IE, Kirsch SF. Total Synthesis of Cryptoconcatone D via Construction of 1,3-Diol Units Using Chiral Horner-Wittig Reagents. J Org Chem 2022; 87:14899-14908. [PMID: 36195315 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The modular synthesis of 1,3-polyols using a chiral phosphine oxide building block is reported. This versatile building block works in a repetitive way for the stereocontrolled synthesis of a tetraol key intermediate, which serves for the first total synthesis of the potentially anti-inflammatory natural product cryptoconcatone D. A new route toward the chiral building block is also presented: Starting from 2-deoxy-d-ribose, the optimized sequence now makes the use of the building block more attractive to practicing chemists again.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabia Mittendorf
- Organic Chemistry, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Ibrahim-Ethem Celik
- Organic Chemistry, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Stefan F Kirsch
- Organic Chemistry, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
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9
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Kim M, Koo Y, Hong S. N-Functionalized Pyridinium Salts: A New Chapter for Site-Selective Pyridine C-H Functionalization via Radical-Based Processes under Visible Light Irradiation. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:3043-3056. [PMID: 36166489 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The radical-mediated C-H functionalization of pyridines has attracted considerable attention as a powerful tool in synthetic chemistry for the direct functionalization of the C-H bonds of the pyridine scaffold. Classically, the synthetic methods for functionalized pyridines often involve radical-mediated Minisci-type reactions under strongly acidic conditions. However, the site-selective functionalization of pyridines in unbiased systems has been a long-standing challenge because the pyridine scaffold contains multiple competing reaction sites (C2 vs C4) to intercept free radicals. Therefore, prefunctionalization of the pyridine is required to avoid issues observed with the formation of a mixture of regioisomers and overalkylated side products.Recently, N-functionalized pyridinium salts have been attracting considerable attention in organic chemistry as promising radical precursors and pyridine surrogates. The notable advantage of N-functionalized pyridinium salts lies in their ability to enhance the reactivity and selectivity for synthetically useful reactions under acid-free conditions. This approach enables exquisite regiocontrol for nonclassical Minisci-type reactions at the C2 and C4 positions under mild reaction conditions, which are suitable for the late-stage functionalization of bioactive molecules with greater complexity and diversity. Over the past five years, a variety of fascinating synthetic applications have been developed using various types of pyridinium salts under visible light conditions. In addition, a new platform for alkene difunctionalization using appropriately designed N-substituted pyridinium salts as bifunctional reagents has been reported, offering an innovative assembly process for complex organic architectures. Intriguingly, strategies involving light-absorbing electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complexes between pyridinium salts and suitable electron-rich donors further open up new reactivity under photocatalyst-free conditions. Furthermore, we developed enantioselective reactions using pyridinium salts to afford enantioenriched molecules bearing pyridines through single-electron N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalysis.Herein, we provide a broad overview of our recent contributions to the development of N-functionalized pyridinium salts and summarize the cornerstones of organic reactions that successfully employ these pyridinium salts under visible light conditions. The major advances in the field are systematically categorized on the basis of the pyridines' N-substituent, N-X (X = O, N, C, and SO2CF3), and its reactivity patterns. Furthermore, the identification of new activation modes and their mechanistic aspects are discussed by providing representative contributions to each paradigm. We hope that this Account will inspire broad interest in the continued innovation of N-functionalized pyridinium salts in the exploration of new transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myojeong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Yejin Koo
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Sungwoo Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
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10
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Laha R, Patel TI, Moschitto MJ. Desulfinative Alkylation of Heteroarenes via an Electrostatic Electron Donor-Acceptor Complex. Org Lett 2022; 24:7394-7399. [PMID: 36194682 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Functionalized pyridine and quinoline rings are important components of numerous bioactive molecules and natural products; however, diversification of these rings often requires de novo heterocycle ring synthesis or demanding reaction conditions. We report a method for desulfinative alkylation of pyridine and quinoline N-methoxide salts that operates under both photocatalytic and electrostatic electron donor-acceptor-mediated pathways. Unlike most EDA-mediated processes, this reaction operates in the absence of light and with the desulfination of the donor compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramkrishna Laha
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey 163 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Twinkle I Patel
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey 163 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Matthew J Moschitto
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey 163 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway New Jersey 08901, United States
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11
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Niu C, Yang J, Yan K, Xie J, Jiang W, Li B, Wen J. An electrochemical gram-scale protocol for pyridylation of inert N-heterocycles with cyanopyridines. STAR Protoc 2022; 3:101565. [PMID: 35880134 PMCID: PMC9307674 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we present a protocol to decyanopyridate inert N-heterocycles access to N-fused heterocycles via the mechanism of dual proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET). We describe a detailed guide to performing an electrochemical gram-scale protocol for decyanopyridation of inert N-heterocycles. The desired pyridylated quinolone is synthesized in a 5.0 mmol scale with a yield of 76%. The protocol is limited to cyanopyridines. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Niu et al. (2022). Electrochemical NH4+-assisted dual PCET followed by radical cross-coupling Synthesis of N-fused heterocycles in gram scale Application of electron-deficient quinolines as radical precursors The protocol is limited to cyanopyridines
Publisher’s note: Undertaking any experimental protocol requires adherence to local institutional guidelines for laboratory safety and ethics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Niu
- Key Laboratory of Green Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Intermediates in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, China
| | - Jianjing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Intermediates in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, China
| | - Kelu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Green Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Intermediates in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, China
| | - Jiafang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Green Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Intermediates in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Green Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Intermediates in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, China
| | - Bingwen Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China.
| | - Jiangwei Wen
- Key Laboratory of Green Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Intermediates in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, China.
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12
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Xie D, Wang Y, Zhang X, Fu Z, Niu D. Alkyl/Glycosyl Sulfoxides as Radical Precursors and Their Use in the Synthesis of Pyridine Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202204922. [PMID: 35641436 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We report here the use of simple and readily available alkyl sulfoxides as precursors to radicals and their application in the preparation of pyridine derivatives. We show that alkyl sulfoxides, N-methoxy pyridinium salts and fluoride anions form electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complexes in solution, which, upon visible light irradiation, undergo a radical chain process to afford various pyridine derivatives smoothly. This reaction displays broad scope with respect to both sulfoxides and N-methoxy pyridiniums. The synthetic versatility of sulfoxides as a handle in chemistry adds to their power as radical precursors. Glycosyl sulfoxides are converted to the corresponding pyridyl C-glycosides with high stereoselectivities. Computational and experimental studies provide insights into the reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demeng Xie
- Department of Emergency, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 17 Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yingwei Wang
- Department of Emergency, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 17 Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Department of Emergency, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 17 Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhengyan Fu
- Department of Emergency, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 17 Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Dawen Niu
- Department of Emergency, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 17 Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
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13
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Xie D, Wang Y, Zhang X, Fu Z, Niu D. Alkyl/Glycosyl Sulfoxides as Radical Precursors and Their Use in the Synthesis of Pyridine Derivatives**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202204922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Demeng Xie
- Department of Emergency State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital and School of Chemical Engineering Sichuan University No. 17 Renmin Nan Road Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Yingwei Wang
- Department of Emergency State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital and School of Chemical Engineering Sichuan University No. 17 Renmin Nan Road Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Department of Emergency State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital and School of Chemical Engineering Sichuan University No. 17 Renmin Nan Road Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Zhengyan Fu
- Department of Emergency State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital and School of Chemical Engineering Sichuan University No. 17 Renmin Nan Road Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Dawen Niu
- Department of Emergency State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital and School of Chemical Engineering Sichuan University No. 17 Renmin Nan Road Chengdu 610041 China
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14
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Woo S, Shenvi RA. Synthesis and target annotation of the alkaloid GB18. Nature 2022; 606:917-921. [PMID: 35551513 PMCID: PMC10036212 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04840-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Ingestion of alkaloid metabolites from the bark of Galbulimima (GB) sp. leads to psychotropic and excitatory effects in humans1-4. Limited, variable supply of GB alkaloids5, however, has impeded their biological exploration and clinical development6. Here we report a solution to the supply of GB18, a structural outlier and putative psychotropic principle of Galbulimima bark. Efficient access to its challenging tetrahedral attached-ring motif required the development of a ligand-controlled endo-selective cross-electrophile coupling and a diastereoselective hydrogenation of a rotationally dynamic pyridine. Reliable, gram-scale access to GB18 enabled its assignment as a potent antagonist of κ- and μ-opioid receptors-the first new targets in 35 years-and lays the foundation to navigate and understand the biological activity of Galbulimima metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stone Woo
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ryan A Shenvi
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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15
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Niu C, Yang J, Yan K, Xie J, Jiang W, Li B, Wen J. Electrochemical ammonium-cation-assisted pyridylation of inert N-heterocycles via dual-proton-coupled electron transfer. iScience 2022; 25:104253. [PMID: 35521512 PMCID: PMC9062347 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
A straightforward and practical strategy for pyridylation of inert N-heterocycles, enabled by ammonium cation and electrochemical, has been described. This protocol gives access to various N-fused heterocycles and bidentate nitrogen ligand compounds, through dual-proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) and radical cross-coupling in the absence of exogenous metal and redox reagent. It features broad substrate scope, wide functional group tolerance, and easy gram-scale synthesis. Various experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculation results show the mechanism of dual PCET followed by radical cross-coupling is the preferred pathway. Moreover, ammonium salt plays the dual role of protonation reagent and electrolyte in this conversion, and the resulting product 9-(pyridin-4-yl)acridine compound can be used for fluorescence recognition of Fe2+ and Pd2+ with high sensitivity. Electrochemical NH4+-assisted dual PCET followed by the radical cross-coupling Straightforward and practical synthetic route for N-fused heterocycles Fluorescence recognition of Fe2+ and Pd2+ with high-sensitivity
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16
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Guan M, Miao H, Qin T, Zhang G, Zhang Q. CoH-catalyzed radical hydroalkylation of alkenes with 1,3-dicarbonyls. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:5265-5268. [PMID: 35389410 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01382g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Metal-hydride hydrogen atom transfer (MHAT) catalysis has emerged as a useful reaction platform for alkene hydrofunctionalization with high chemoselectivity and predictable branched selectivity. However, MHAT-mediated hydrofunctionalization involves carbon-carbon bond formation still confined to carbon electrophiles. Here, we describe a mild, general, scalable, and functional group tolerant CoH-catalyzed intermolecular hydroalkylation of alkenes with 1,3-dicarbonyls. This kind of CoH-catalyzed coupling of alkenes with carbon nucleophiles represents an important complement to the arsenal of MHAT-initiated hydrofunctionalization of alkenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihui Guan
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Huanran Miao
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Tao Qin
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Ge Zhang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Qian Zhang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
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17
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Shu P, Yang Y, Zhang H, Li N, Liu G, Zhang J, Zhao Q, Wei X, Yi W, Sun N, Xiao F. Isolation and characterization of antioxidative monoterpenes from Cynanchum atratum roots. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2022; 86:585-589. [PMID: 35191487 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbac026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
One novel monoterpene rhamnoside (1) and 7 known monoterpenes (2-8) were isolated from the ethanol extract of Cynanchum atratum for the first time. Their structures were identified by comprehensive spectroscopic data analysis such as nuclear magnetic resonance, high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectra, optical rotatory dispersion, and acid hydrolysis. In the subsequent antioxidant assay, compound 8 exhibited obvious 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl hydrate radical scavenging activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghua Shu
- Food and Pharmacy College, Xuchang University, Xuchang, Henan, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Food and Pharmacy College, Xuchang University, Xuchang, Henan, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Food and Pharmacy College, Xuchang University, Xuchang, Henan, China
| | - Nianci Li
- Food and Pharmacy College, Xuchang University, Xuchang, Henan, China
| | - Guangwei Liu
- Food and Pharmacy College, Xuchang University, Xuchang, Henan, China
| | - Jialong Zhang
- Food and Pharmacy College, Xuchang University, Xuchang, Henan, China
| | - Qiuyue Zhao
- Food and Pharmacy College, Xuchang University, Xuchang, Henan, China
| | - Xialan Wei
- School of Information Engineering, Xuchang University, Xuchang, Henan, China
| | - Wenhan Yi
- Communist Youth League Committee, Xuchang University, Xuchang, Henan, China
| | - Na Sun
- Food and Pharmacy College, Xuchang University, Xuchang, Henan, China
| | - Fugang Xiao
- Food and Pharmacy College, Xuchang University, Xuchang, Henan, China
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18
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Wang Y, Bao Y, Tang M, Ye Z, Yuan Z, Zhu G. Recent advances in difunctionalization of alkenes using pyridinium salts as radical precursors. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:3847-3864. [PMID: 35257136 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00369d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we summarise the recent applications of pyridinium salts in the radical-mediated difunctionalization of alkenes. Pyridinium salts are a privileged class of compounds that show great utility in natural products and synthetic chemistry. Various organic transformations of pyridinium salts, especially in radical chemistry, have been developed in recent years. We prepared this review based on the two distinguished properties of pyridinium salts in radical transformation: (1) pyridinium salts can easily undergo single electron reduction to deliver X radicals. (2) Pyridinium salts are highly electrophilic so that alkyl radical intermediates can easily add to the pyridine core. Based on the role of pyridinium salts in difunctionalization of alkenes, the main body of this review is divided into three parts: (1) using pyridinium salts as X transfer reagents. (2) Using pyridinium salts as novel pyridine transfer reagents. (3) Using pyridinium salts as bifunctional reagents (X and pyridine). The C2 and C4 selectivity during pyridylation is discussed in detail. We hope that this review will provide a comprehensive overview of this topic and promote the wider development and application of pyridinium salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, P. R. China.
| | - Yanyang Bao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, P. R. China.
| | - Meifang Tang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, P. R. China.
| | - Zhegao Ye
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, P. R. China.
| | - Zheliang Yuan
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, P. R. China.
| | - Gangguo Zhu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, P. R. China.
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19
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Chen Y, Zhang G, Guo C, Lan P, Banwell MG, He Y. Silver‐Promoted Radical Ring‐Opening
/
Pyridylation of Cyclobutanols with
N
‐Methoxypyridinium Salts. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202104627. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 Guangdong P. R. China
- College of Pharmacy Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Guang‐Yi Zhang
- Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 Guangdong P. R. China
- College of Pharmacy Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Chan Guo
- Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 Guangdong P. R. China
- College of Pharmacy Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Ping Lan
- Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 Guangdong P. R. China
- College of Pharmacy Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Martin G. Banwell
- Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 Guangdong P. R. China
- College of Pharmacy Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Yu‐Tao He
- Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 Guangdong P. R. China
- College of Pharmacy Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 Guangdong P. R. China
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20
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Ardon-Munoz LG, Bolliger JL. Oxidative Cyclization of 4‐(2‐Mercaptophenyl)‐substituted 4H‐1,2,4‐Triazolium Species to Tricyclic Benzothiazolium Salts. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeanne Lucille Bolliger
- Oklahoma State University The College of Arts and Sciences Chemistry 107 Physical Sciences 74078 Stillwater UNITED STATES
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21
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Zhu T, Zhang XJ, Zhou Z, Xu Z, Ma M, Zhao B. Synthesis of functionalized malononitriles via Fe-catalysed hydrogen atom transfers of alkenes. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:1480-1487. [PMID: 35103271 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob02332b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Described herein is a practical and convenient approach that enabled radical-mediated conjugate addition of unreactive alkenes to electron-deficient alkenes leading to a broad range of substituted malononitriles. These reactions are believed to proceed by Fe-catalysed hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) onto the alkenes affording carbon-centered radical intermediates with Markovnikov selectivity, followed by the capture of electron-deficient alkenes. We explored this synthesis approach under mild conditions with high efficiency and broad substrate scope and the utility is highlighted by the further synthetic transformations of the obtained substituted malononitriles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxiang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Xue-Jun Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zihan Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Zitong Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Mengtao Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Binlin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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22
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Murray PD, Cox JH, Chiappini ND, Roos CB, McLoughlin EA, Hejna BG, Nguyen ST, Ripberger HH, Ganley JM, Tsui E, Shin NY, Koronkiewicz B, Qiu G, Knowles RR. Photochemical and Electrochemical Applications of Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer in Organic Synthesis. Chem Rev 2022; 122:2017-2291. [PMID: 34813277 PMCID: PMC8796287 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We present here a review of the photochemical and electrochemical applications of multi-site proton-coupled electron transfer (MS-PCET) in organic synthesis. MS-PCETs are redox mechanisms in which both an electron and a proton are exchanged together, often in a concerted elementary step. As such, MS-PCET can function as a non-classical mechanism for homolytic bond activation, providing opportunities to generate synthetically useful free radical intermediates directly from a wide variety of common organic functional groups. We present an introduction to MS-PCET and a practitioner's guide to reaction design, with an emphasis on the unique energetic and selectivity features that are characteristic of this reaction class. We then present chapters on oxidative N-H, O-H, S-H, and C-H bond homolysis methods, for the generation of the corresponding neutral radical species. Then, chapters for reductive PCET activations involving carbonyl, imine, other X═Y π-systems, and heteroarenes, where neutral ketyl, α-amino, and heteroarene-derived radicals can be generated. Finally, we present chapters on the applications of MS-PCET in asymmetric catalysis and in materials and device applications. Within each chapter, we subdivide by the functional group undergoing homolysis, and thereafter by the type of transformation being promoted. Methods published prior to the end of December 2020 are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip
R. D. Murray
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - James H. Cox
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Nicholas D. Chiappini
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Casey B. Roos
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | | | - Benjamin G. Hejna
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Suong T. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Hunter H. Ripberger
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Jacob M. Ganley
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Elaine Tsui
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Nick Y. Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Brian Koronkiewicz
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Guanqi Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Robert R. Knowles
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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23
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Su YL, Liu GX, De Angelis L, He R, Al-Sayyed A, Schanze KS, Hu WH, Qiu H, Doyle MP. Radical Cascade Multicomponent Minisci Reactions with Diazo Compounds. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c05611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Liang Su
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Geng-Xin Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Luca De Angelis
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Ru He
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Ammar Al-Sayyed
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Kirk S. Schanze
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Wen-Hao Hu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Huang Qiu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Michael P. Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
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24
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Zhang Z, He Q, Zhang X, Yang C. Photoredox-Catalysed Regioselective Synthesis of C-4-Alkylated Pyridines with N -(Acyloxy)phthalimides. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:1969-1973. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00123c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A method of direct C-4 selective alkylation of pyridine under visible light irradiation at room temperature was reported, using simple maleate-derived pyridinium salts as pyridine precursors, and the readily available...
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25
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Yang J, Ma J, Yan K, Tian L, Li B, Wen J. Electrochemical Ammonium Cation‐Assisted Hydropyridylation of Ketone‐Activated Alkenes: Experimental and Computational Mechanistic Studies. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202101361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianjing Yang
- Institute of Medicine and Materials Applied Technologies College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Qufu Normal University Qufu Shandong 273165 People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Ma
- Institute of Medicine and Materials Applied Technologies College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Qufu Normal University Qufu Shandong 273165 People's Republic of China
| | - Kelu Yan
- Institute of Medicine and Materials Applied Technologies College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Qufu Normal University Qufu Shandong 273165 People's Republic of China
| | - Laijin Tian
- Institute of Medicine and Materials Applied Technologies College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Qufu Normal University Qufu Shandong 273165 People's Republic of China
| | - Bingwen Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biophysics Institute of Biophysics Dezhou University Dezhou 253023 People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangwei Wen
- Institute of Medicine and Materials Applied Technologies College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Qufu Normal University Qufu Shandong 273165 People's Republic of China
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26
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Kim M, Shin S, Koo Y, Jung S, Hong S. Regiodivergent Conversion of Alkenes to Branched or Linear Alkylpyridines. Org Lett 2021; 24:708-713. [PMID: 34965147 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c04156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report a practical protocol for the visible-light-induced regiodivergent radical hydropyridylation of unactivated alkenes using pyridinium salts. This approach provides a unified synthetic platform to control the regioselectivity of the synthesis of linear or branched C4-alkylated pyridines. A remarkable selectivity switch from the anti-Markovnikov to the Markovnikov product can be achieved by the addition of tetrabutylammonium bromide. The versatility of this protocol is further demonstrated based on the late-stage functionalization in pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minseok Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Sanghoon Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Yejin Koo
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Sungwoo Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Sungwoo Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
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27
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Kweon B, Kim C, Kim S, Hong S. Remote C−H Pyridylation of Hydroxamates through Direct Photoexcitation of
O
‐Aryl Oxime Pyridinium Intermediates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202112364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Byeongseok Kweon
- Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Changha Kim
- Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Seonyul Kim
- Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwoo Hong
- Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
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28
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Kweon B, Kim C, Kim S, Hong S. Remote C-H Pyridylation of Hydroxamates through Direct Photoexcitation of O-Aryl Oxime Pyridinium Intermediates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:26813-26821. [PMID: 34636478 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202112364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report an efficient strategy for the remote C-H pyridylation of hydroxamates with excellent ortho-selectivity by designing a new class of photon-absorbing O-aryl oxime pyridinium salts generated in situ from the corresponding pyridines and hydroxamates. When irradiated by visible light, the photoexcitation of oxime pyridinium intermediates generates iminyl radicals via the photolytic N-O bond cleavage, which does not require an external photocatalyst. The efficiency of light absorption and N-O bond cleavage of the oxime pyridinium salts can be modulated through the electronic effect of substitution on the O-aryl ring. The resultant iminyl radicals enable the installation of pyridyl rings at the γ-CN position, which yields synthetically valuable C2-substituted pyridyl derivatives. This novel synthetic approach provides significant advantages in terms of both efficiency and simplicity and exhibits broad functional group tolerance in complex settings under mild and metal-free conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeongseok Kweon
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Changha Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonyul Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwoo Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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29
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Rieder S, Meléndez C, Dénès F, Jangra H, Mulliri K, Zipse H, Renaud P. Radical chain monoalkylation of pyridines. Chem Sci 2021; 12:15362-15373. [PMID: 34976357 PMCID: PMC8635225 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02748d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The monoalkylation of N-methoxypyridinium salts with alkyl radicals generated from alkenes (via hydroboration with catecholborane), alkyl iodides (via iodine atom transfer) and xanthates is reported. The reaction proceeds under neutral conditions since no acid is needed to activate the heterocycle and no external oxidant is required. A rate constant for the addition of a primary radical to N-methoxylepidinium >107 M-1 s-1 was experimentally determined. This rate constant is more than one order of magnitude larger than the one measured for the addition of primary alkyl radicals to protonated lepidine demonstrating the remarkable reactivity of methoxypyridinium salts towards radicals. The reaction has been used for the preparation of unique pyridinylated terpenoids and was extended to a three-component carbopyridinylation of electron-rich alkenes including enol esters, enol ethers and enamides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Rieder
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern Freiestrasse 3 CH-3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Camilo Meléndez
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern Freiestrasse 3 CH-3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Fabrice Dénès
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern Freiestrasse 3 CH-3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Harish Jangra
- Department of Chemistry, LMU München Butenandtstrasse 5-13 81377 München Germany
| | - Kleni Mulliri
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern Freiestrasse 3 CH-3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Hendrik Zipse
- Department of Chemistry, LMU München Butenandtstrasse 5-13 81377 München Germany
| | - Philippe Renaud
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern Freiestrasse 3 CH-3012 Bern Switzerland
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30
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Puls F, Seewald F, Grinenko V, Klauß HH, Knölker HJ. Mechanistic Studies on the Hexadecafluorophthalocyanine-Iron-Catalyzed Wacker-Type Oxidation of Olefins to Ketones*. Chemistry 2021; 27:16776-16787. [PMID: 34546596 PMCID: PMC9298363 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The hexadecafluorophthalocyanine-iron complex FePcF16 was recently shown to convert olefins into ketones in the presence of stoichiometric amounts of triethylsilane in ethanol at room temperature under an oxygen atmosphere. Herein, we describe an extensive mechanistic investigation for the conversion of 2-vinylnaphthalene into 2-acetylnaphthalene as model reaction. A variety of studies including deuterium- and 18 O2 -labeling experiments, ESI-MS, and 57 Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy were performed to identify the intermediates involved in the catalytic cycle of the oxidation process. Finally, a detailed and well-supported reaction mechanism for the FePcF16 -catalyzed Wacker-type oxidation is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Puls
- Fakultät Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstraße 66, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Felix Seewald
- Institute of Solid State and Materials Physics Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 16, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Vadim Grinenko
- Institute of Solid State and Materials Physics Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 16, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hans-Henning Klauß
- Institute of Solid State and Materials Physics Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 16, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Knölker
- Fakultät Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstraße 66, 01069, Dresden, Germany
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31
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Zhang H, Wang Q, Wang Y, Yuan Z, Gao F, Britton R. Selective Trifluoromethylthiolation of Unactivated C(sp
3
)−H Bonds Enabled by Excited Ketones. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials College of Chemistry and Life Sciences Zhejiang Normal University 688 Yingbin Road Jinhua 321004 P. R. China
| | - Qing Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials College of Chemistry and Life Sciences Zhejiang Normal University 688 Yingbin Road Jinhua 321004 P. R. China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials College of Chemistry and Life Sciences Zhejiang Normal University 688 Yingbin Road Jinhua 321004 P. R. China
| | - Zheliang Yuan
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials College of Chemistry and Life Sciences Zhejiang Normal University 688 Yingbin Road Jinhua 321004 P. R. China
| | - Feng Gao
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Biomedical isotope research center School of basic medical sciences Cheeloo College of Medicine Shandong University Jinan Shandong 250012 P. R. China
| | - Robert Britton
- Department of Chemistry Simon Fraser University Burnaby British Columbia V5 A 1S6 Canada
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32
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Choi J, Laudadio G, Godineau E, Baran PS. Practical and Regioselective Synthesis of C-4-Alkylated Pyridines. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:11927-11933. [PMID: 34318659 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The direct position-selective C-4 alkylation of pyridines has been a long-standing challenge in heterocyclic chemistry, particularly from pyridine itself. Historically this has been addressed using prefunctionalized materials to avoid overalkylation and mixtures of regioisomers. This study reports the invention of a simple maleate-derived blocking group for pyridines that enables exquisite control for Minisci-type decarboxylative alkylation at C-4 that allows for inexpensive access to these valuable building blocks. The method is employed on a variety of different pyridines and carboxylic acid alkyl donors, is operationally simple and scalable, and is applied to access known structures in a rapid and inexpensive fashion. Finally, this work points to an interesting strategic departure for the use of Minisci chemistry at the earliest possible stage (native pyridine) rather than current dogma that almost exclusively employs Minisci chemistry as a late-stage functionalization technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Gabriele Laudadio
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Edouard Godineau
- Process Research, Syngenta Crop Protection, Schaffhauserstrasse 101, CH-4332 Stein, Switzerland
| | - Phil S Baran
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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33
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Alfonzo E, Hande SM. α-Heteroarylation of Thioethers via Photoredox and Weak Brønsted Base Catalysis. Org Lett 2021; 23:6115-6120. [PMID: 34297584 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We report the C-H activation of thioethers to α-thio alkyl radicals and their addition to N-methoxyheteroarenium salts for the redox-neutral synthesis of α-heteroaromatic thioethers. Studies are consistent with a two-step activation mechanism, where oxidation of thioethers to sulfide radical cations by a photoredox catalyst is followed by α-C-H deprotonation by a weak Brønsted base catalyst to afford α-thio alkyl radicals. Further, N-methoxyheteroarenium salts play additional roles as a source of methoxyl radical that contributes to α-thio alkyl radical generation and a sacrificial oxidant that regenerates the photoredox catalytic cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin Alfonzo
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Sudhir M Hande
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
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34
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Zhu Y, He Y, Tian W, Wang M, Zhou Z, Song X, Ding H, Xiao Q. Dual Cobalt and Photoredox Catalysis Enabled Redox‐Neutral Annulation of 2‐Propynolphenols. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhu
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry Jiangxi Province Nanchang 330013 People's Republic of China
| | - Yong‐Qin He
- School of Pharmaceutical Science Nanchang University Nanchang 330006 People's Republic of China
| | - Wan‐Fa Tian
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry Jiangxi Province Nanchang 330013 People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Wang
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry Jiangxi Province Nanchang 330013 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao‐Zhao Zhou
- Department of Chemistry Nanchang Normal University Nanchang People's Republic of China
| | - Xian‐Rong Song
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry Jiangxi Province Nanchang 330013 People's Republic of China
| | - Hai‐Xin Ding
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry Jiangxi Province Nanchang 330013 People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Xiao
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry Jiangxi Province Nanchang 330013 People's Republic of China
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35
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Abstract
Minisci-type reactions have been widely known as reactions that involve the addition
of carbon-centered radicals to basic heteroarenes followed by formal hydrogen atom loss.
While the originally developed protocols for radical generation remain in active use today, in
recent years, the new array of radical generation strategies have allowed the use of a wider
variety of radical precursors that often operate under milder and more benign conditions. New
transformations based on free radical reactivity are now available to a synthetic chemist, to
utilize a Minisci-type reaction. Radical-generation methods based on photoredox catalysis
and electrochemistry, which utilize thermal cleavage or the in situ generation of reactive radical
precursors, have become popular approaches. Our review will cover the remarkable literature
that has been reported on this topic in recent 5 years, from 2015-01 to 2020-01, in an
attempt to provide guidance to the synthetic chemist on both the challenges that need to be overcome and the applications
in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wengui Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fluorine Chemistry and Chemical Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Shoufeng Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fluorine Chemistry and Chemical Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
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36
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Kamei Y, Seino Y, Yamaguchi Y, Yoshino T, Maeda S, Kojima M, Matsunaga S. Silane- and peroxide-free hydrogen atom transfer hydrogenation using ascorbic acid and cobalt-photoredox dual catalysis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:966. [PMID: 33574227 PMCID: PMC7878493 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20872-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) hydrogenation has recently emerged as an indispensable method for the chemoselective reduction of unactivated alkenes. However, the hitherto reported systems basically require stoichiometric amounts of silanes and peroxides, which prevents wider applications, especially with respect to sustainability and safety concerns. Herein, we report a silane- and peroxide-free HAT hydrogenation using a combined cobalt/photoredox catalysis and ascorbic acid (vitamin C) as a sole stoichiometric reactant. A cobalt salophen complex is identified as the optimal cocatalyst for this environmentally benign HAT hydrogenation in aqueous media, which exhibits high functional-group tolerance. In addition to its applicability in the late-stage hydrogenation of amino-acid derivatives and drug molecules, this method offers unique advantage in direct transformation of unprotected sugar derivatives and allows the HAT hydrogenation of unprotected C-glycoside in higher yield compared to previously reported HAT hydrogenation protocols. The proposed mechanism is supported by experimental and theoretical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Kamei
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Yusuke Seino
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Yuto Yamaguchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Yoshino
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Satoshi Maeda
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan
- Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
- JST, ERATO Maeda Artificial Intelligence for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery Project, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kojima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan.
| | - Shigeki Matsunaga
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan.
- Global Station for Biosurfaces and Drug Discovery, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan.
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37
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Wang Z, Hu Y, Jin H, Liu Y, Zhou B. Nickel-Catalyzed Arylation/Alkenylation of tert-Cyclobutanols with Aryl/Alkenyl Triflates via a C -C Bond Cleavage. J Org Chem 2021; 86:466-474. [PMID: 33252235 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we first present a nickel-catalyzed arylation and alkenylation of tert-cyclobutanols with aryl/alkenyl triflates via a C-C bond cleavage. An array of γ-substituted ketones was obtained in moderate-to-good yields, thus featuring earth-abundant nickel catalysis, broad substrate scope, and simple reaction conditions. Preliminary mechanistic experiments indicated that β-carbon elimination pathways might be involved in the catalytic cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yuanyuan Hu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Hongwei Jin
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yunkui Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Bingwei Zhou
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
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38
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Rammal F, Gao D, Boujnah S, Hussein AA, Lalevée J, Gaumont AC, Morlet-Savary F, Lakhdar S. Photochemical C–H Silylation and Hydroxymethylation of Pyridines and Related Structures: Synthetic Scope and Mechanisms. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Rammal
- Normandie Université, LCMT, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, 6, Boulevard Maréchal Juin, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Di Gao
- Normandie Université, LCMT, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, 6, Boulevard Maréchal Juin, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Sondes Boujnah
- Normandie Université, LCMT, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, 6, Boulevard Maréchal Juin, 14000 Caen, France
| | | | - Jacques Lalevée
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, F-68100 Mulhouse, France
| | - Annie-Claude Gaumont
- Normandie Université, LCMT, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, 6, Boulevard Maréchal Juin, 14000 Caen, France
| | | | - Sami Lakhdar
- Université Paul Sabatier, Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (LHFA, UMR 5069), 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09, France
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39
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Lu Z, Buchwald SL. Enantioselective Preparation of Arenes with β‐Stereogenic Centers: Confronting the 1,1‐Disubstituted Olefin Problem Using CuH/Pd Cooperative Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202004414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohong Lu
- Department of Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Stephen L. Buchwald
- Department of Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
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40
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Yin Y, Zhao X, Jiang Z. Advances in the Synthesis of Imine‐Containing Azaarene Derivatives via Photoredox Catalysis. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202000741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Yin
- College of Bioengineering Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou Henan 450001 P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 453007 P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Zhao
- College of Pharmacy Henan University Kaifeng Henan 475004 P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 453007 P. R. China
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41
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Im H, Choi W, Hong S. Photocatalytic Vicinal Aminopyridylation of Methyl Ketones by a Double Umpolung Strategy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:17511-17516. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202008435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Honggu Im
- Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Wonjun Choi
- Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwoo Hong
- Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
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42
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Im H, Choi W, Hong S. Photocatalytic Vicinal Aminopyridylation of Methyl Ketones by a Double Umpolung Strategy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202008435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Honggu Im
- Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Wonjun Choi
- Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwoo Hong
- Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
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43
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Sheehy KJ, Bateman LM, Flosbach NT, Breugst M, Byrne PA. Competition between N and O: use of diazine N-oxides as a test case for the Marcus theory rationale for ambident reactivity. Chem Sci 2020; 11:9630-9647. [PMID: 34094230 PMCID: PMC8162281 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02834g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The preferred site of alkylation of diazine N-oxides by representative hard and soft alkylating agents was established conclusively using the 1H-15N HMBC NMR technique in combination with other NMR spectroscopic methods. Alkylation of pyrazine N-oxides (1 and 2) occurs preferentially on nitrogen regardless of the alkylating agent employed, while O-methylation of pyrimidine N-oxide (3) is favoured in its reaction with MeOTf. As these outcomes cannot be explained in the context of the hard/soft acid/base (HSAB) principle, we have instead turned to Marcus theory to rationalise these results. Marcus intrinsic barriers (ΔG ‡ 0) and Δr G° values were calculated at the DLPNO-CCSD(T)/def2-TZVPPD/SMD//M06-2X-D3/6-311+G(d,p)/SMD level of theory for methylation reactions of 1 and 3 by MeI and MeOTf, and used to derive Gibbs energies of activation (ΔG ‡) for the processes of N- and O-methylation, respectively. These values, as well as those derived directly from the DFT calculations, closely reproduce the observed experimental N- vs. O-alkylation selectivities for methylation reactions of 1 and 3, indicating that Marcus theory can be used in a semi-quantitative manner to understand how the activation barriers for these reactions are constructed. It was found that N-alkylation of 1 is favoured due to the dominant contribution of Δr G° to the activation barrier in this case, while O-alkylation of 3 is favoured due to the dominant contribution of the intrinsic barrier (ΔG ‡ 0) for this process. These results are of profound significance in understanding the outcomes of reactions of ambident reactants in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Sheehy
- School of Chemistry, Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility, University College Cork College Road Cork Ireland
| | - Lorraine M Bateman
- School of Chemistry, Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility, University College Cork College Road Cork Ireland
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork College Road Ireland
- SSPC (Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre) Cork Ireland
| | - Niko T Flosbach
- Department für Chemie, Universität zu Köln Greinstraße 4 50939 Köln Germany
| | - Martin Breugst
- Department für Chemie, Universität zu Köln Greinstraße 4 50939 Köln Germany
| | - Peter A Byrne
- School of Chemistry, Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility, University College Cork College Road Cork Ireland
- SSPC (Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre) Cork Ireland
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44
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Dhiman AK, Thakur A, Kumar I, Kumar R, Sharma U. Co(III)-Catalyzed C-H Amidation of Nitrogen-Containing Heterocycles with Dioxazolones under Mild Conditions. J Org Chem 2020; 85:9244-9254. [PMID: 32558566 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A cobalt(III)-catalyzed C-8 selective C-H amidation of quinoline N-oxide using dioxazolone as an amidating reagent under mild conditions is disclosed. The reaction proceeds efficiently with excellent functional group compatibility. The utility of the current method is demonstrated by gram scale synthesis of C-8 amide quinoline N-oxide and by converting this amidated product into functionalized quinolines. Furthermore, the developed catalytic method is also applicable for C-7 amidation of N-pyrimidylindolines and ortho-amidation of benzamides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Kumar Dhiman
- Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division and AcSIR, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur 176061, India
| | - Ankita Thakur
- Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division and AcSIR, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur 176061, India
| | - Inder Kumar
- Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division and AcSIR, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur 176061, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division and AcSIR, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur 176061, India
| | - Upendra Sharma
- Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division and AcSIR, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur 176061, India
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45
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Moon Y, Lee W, Hong S. Visible-Light-Enabled Ortho-Selective Aminopyridylation of Alkenes with N-Aminopyridinium Ylides. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:12420-12429. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c05025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yonghoon Moon
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Wooseok Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Sungwoo Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
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46
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Lu Z, Buchwald SL. Enantioselective Preparation of Arenes with β-Stereogenic Centers: Confronting the 1,1-Disubstituted Olefin Problem Using CuH/Pd Cooperative Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:16128-16132. [PMID: 32438497 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202004414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Arenes with β-stereogenic centers are important substructures in pharmaceuticals and natural products. We have developed an asymmetric anti-Markovnikov hydroarylation of 1,1-disubstituted olefins by dual palladium and copper hydride catalysis as a convenient and general approach to access these substructures. This efficient one-step process addresses several limitations of the traditional stepwise approaches. The use of cesium benzoate as a base and a common phosphine ligand for both the Cu- and Pd-catalyzed processes were important discoveries that allow these challenging olefin substrates to be efficiently transformed. A variety of aryl bromide coupling partners, including numerous heterocycles, were coupled with 1,1-disubstituted alkenes to generate arenes with β-stereogenic centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohong Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Stephen L Buchwald
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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47
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Lee K, Lee S, Kim N, Kim S, Hong S. Visible‐Light‐Enabled Trifluoromethylative Pyridylation of Alkenes from Pyridines and Triflic Anhydride. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:13379-13384. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202004439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kangjae Lee
- Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Seojin Lee
- Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Namhoon Kim
- Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Seonyul Kim
- Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwoo Hong
- Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
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Lee K, Lee S, Kim N, Kim S, Hong S. Visible‐Light‐Enabled Trifluoromethylative Pyridylation of Alkenes from Pyridines and Triflic Anhydride. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202004439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kangjae Lee
- Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Seojin Lee
- Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Namhoon Kim
- Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Seonyul Kim
- Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwoo Hong
- Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
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Sieber JD, Agrawal T. Recent Developments in C–C Bond Formation Using Catalytic Reductive Coupling Strategies. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1707128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Metal-catalyzed reductive coupling processes have emerged as a powerful methodology for the introduction of molecular complexity from simple starting materials. These methods allow for an orthogonal approach to that of redox-neutral strategies for the formation of C–C bonds by enabling cross-coupling of starting materials not applicable to redox-neutral chemistry. This short review summarizes the most recent developments in the area of metal-catalyzed reductive coupling utilizing catalyst turnover by a stoichiometric reductant that becomes incorporated in the final product.1 Introduction2 Ni Catalysis3 Cu Catalysis4 Ru, Rh, and Ir Catalysis4.1 Alkenes4.2 1,3-Dienes4.3 Allenes4.4 Alkynes4.5 Enynes5 Fe, Co, and Mn Catalysis6 Conclusion and Outlook
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Taeufer T, Pospech J. Palladium-Catalyzed Synthesis of N,N-Dimethylanilines via Buchwald–Hartwig Amination of (Hetero)aryl Triflates. J Org Chem 2020; 85:7097-7111. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Taeufer
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis at Rostock University, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Jola Pospech
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis at Rostock University, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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