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Zhang K, Zheng H, Han Y, Cheng Y, Zhao X. On the Origins of Stereo- and Regio-Selectivities in the Formation of Fullerene-Fluorene Dyads. J Org Chem 2022; 87:4702-4711. [PMID: 35316058 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c03161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Recently, a novel [2+2] cycloaddition between the classical Ih-C60 and a fluorenylideneallene complex has been achieved experimentally. In the fullerene-fluorene dyad product, stereo- and regio-selectivities were found in the experiment, but the reasons are still unknown. Our theoretical studies suggest that, based on a diradical pathway, the structural selectivity of the product strongly depends on the structural/electronic features of the fluorenylideneallene and C60 complexes. When the R1 group in fluorenylideneallene denotes the H atom, the E-type product is more stable than the Z-type one, whereas other bulkier R1 groups lead to the reverse due to their steric hindrance. The π orbital conjugation between the fluorenyl group and the Cβ═Cγ bond in fluorenylideneallene is the main reason for the high selectivity of β,γ-cycloaddition. Analyses of both frontier orbitals and spin density for the intermediate structure suggest a diradical pathway of the reaction between fluorenylideneallene and C60 and uncover a decisive role of the LUMO of C60 toward regio-selectivity, which conduces to a high selectivity of the (6,6)-addition product.
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Affiliation(s)
- KaiNi Zhang
- Institute for Chemical Physics, School of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.,International Research Center for Renewable Energy, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yanbo Han
- Institute for Chemical Physics, School of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yonghong Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Xiang Zhao
- Institute for Chemical Physics, School of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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2
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Seo S, Kim D, Kim H. Ligand-controlled, Pd/CuH-catalyzed reductive cross-coupling of terminal alkenes and N-heteroaryl bromides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:11240-11243. [PMID: 34632998 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04833c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reductive cross-coupling of terminal alkenes and N-heterocyclic bromides has been demonstrated by ligand optimization of Pd and CuH catalysis. The optimized ligands are Briphos, a π-acceptor monodentate phosphorus ligand, for Pd catalysis and DTB-DPPBz, a sterically bulky bidentate phosphorus ligand, for CuH catalysis. These conditions were further applied to the gram-scale production of clathryimine B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghyup Seo
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Donghyeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Hyunwoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea.
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3
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Gioria E, del Pozo J, Lledós A, Espinet P. Understanding the Use of Phosphine-(EWO) Ligands in Negishi Cross-Coupling: Experimental and Density Functional Theory Mechanistic Study. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía Gioria
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, 47071 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Juan del Pozo
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, 47071 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Agustí Lledós
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Pablo Espinet
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, 47071 Valladolid, Spain
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4
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Chen Y, Zhang X, Liu F, He G, Zhang J, Houk K, Smith AB, Liang Y. The role of CuI in the siloxane-mediated Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of aryl iodides with aryl lithium reagents. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021; 32:441-444. [PMID: 33994753 PMCID: PMC8115222 DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Experiments indicate that a catalytic amount of CuI plays an important role in the siloxane-mediated Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions with the direct use of organolithium reagents. Addition of organolithium to the siloxane transfer agent generates an organosilicon intermediate. DFT calculations indicate that CuI initially accelerates the Si-Pd(II) transmetalation of the organosilicon intermediate by the formation of CuI2 -. Subsequently, CuI2 - works as a shuttle between the Si-Cu(I) and Cu(I)-Pd(II) transmetalation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Gucheng He
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ju Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - K.N. Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, CA 90095, United States
| | - Amos B. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, United States
| | - Yong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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5
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Wu Y, Huo X, Zhang W. Synergistic Pd/Cu Catalysis in Organic Synthesis. Chemistry 2020; 26:4895-4916. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral DrugsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
- Zhiyuan CollegeShanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Xiaohong Huo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral DrugsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Wanbin Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral DrugsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringZhengzhou University 75 Daxue Road Zhengzhou 450052 P. R. China
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Yang T, Kong C, Yang S, Yang Z, Yang S, Ehara M. Reaction mechanism, norbornene and ligand effects, and origins of meta-selectivity of Pd/norbornene-catalyzed C–H activation. Chem Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9sc04720d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Density functional theory calculations disclosed the key steps of Pd/norbornene-catalyzed meta-C–H functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- School of Science
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
- China
| | - Chuncai Kong
- School of Science
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
- China
| | - Shengchun Yang
- School of Science
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
- China
| | - Zhimao Yang
- School of Science
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
- China
| | - Sen Yang
- School of Science
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
- China
| | - Masahiro Ehara
- Research Center for Computational Science
- Institute for Molecular Science
- Okazaki 444-8585
- Japan
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB)
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7
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Oi M, Takita R, Kanazawa J, Muranaka A, Wang C, Uchiyama M. Organocopper cross-coupling reaction for C-C bond formation on highly sterically hindered structures. Chem Sci 2019; 10:6107-6112. [PMID: 31360416 PMCID: PMC6585593 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc00891h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a powerful, broadly applicable cross-coupling protocol that enables carbon-carbon bond formation at highly sterically hindered carbon centers (both sp2 and sp3) by employing organocopper reagents under palladium catalysis. Experimental studies and theoretical calculations indicated that the key to the unique reactivity of copper is the relatively low activation energy of the compact transmetalation transition state, due to Cu(i)-Pd(ii) interaction, which is associated with small values of deformation energy of the reactants. This reaction is applicable to a variety of bulky substrates, including compounds inert to previous cross-coupling chemistry and has high functional group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miku Oi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Tokyo , Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo , Japan . ;
- Advanced Elements Chemistry Research Team , RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science , Elements Chemistry Laboratory , RIKEN , Wako-shi , Saitama 351-0198 , Japan
| | - Ryo Takita
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Tokyo , Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo , Japan . ;
- Advanced Elements Chemistry Research Team , RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science , Elements Chemistry Laboratory , RIKEN , Wako-shi , Saitama 351-0198 , Japan
| | - Junichiro Kanazawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Tokyo , Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo , Japan . ;
| | - Atsuya Muranaka
- Advanced Elements Chemistry Research Team , RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science , Elements Chemistry Laboratory , RIKEN , Wako-shi , Saitama 351-0198 , Japan
| | - Chao Wang
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Tokyo , Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo , Japan . ;
| | - Masanobu Uchiyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Tokyo , Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo , Japan . ;
- Advanced Elements Chemistry Research Team , RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science , Elements Chemistry Laboratory , RIKEN , Wako-shi , Saitama 351-0198 , Japan
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8
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Cross-coupling reactions by cooperative Pd/Cu or Ni/Cu catalysis based on the catalytic generation of organocopper nucleophiles. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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9
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Yabushita K, Yuasa A, Nagao K, Ohmiya H. Asymmetric Catalysis Using Aromatic Aldehydes as Chiral α-Alkoxyalkyl Anions. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 141:113-117. [PMID: 30561196 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b11495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a new umpolung strategy for catalytically forming a chiral α-alkoxyalkyl anion from an aromatic aldehyde for use in asymmetric synthesis. The reaction between aromatic aldehydes and aryl or allyl electrophiles with a silylboronate utilizing a chiral copper-N-heterocyclic carbene catalyst and a palladium-bisphosphine catalyst in a synergistic manner occurred with high enantioselectivities to deliver the three-component coupling products, chiral silyl-protected secondary alcohol derivatives. Our method features the catalytic generation of enantioenriched chiral α-alkoxyalkylcopper(I) intermediates from aldehydes and their subsequent palladium-catalyzed stereospecific cross-coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenya Yabushita
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences , Kanazawa University , Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192 , Japan
| | - Akihiro Yuasa
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences , Kanazawa University , Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192 , Japan
| | - Kazunori Nagao
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences , Kanazawa University , Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192 , Japan
| | - Hirohisa Ohmiya
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences , Kanazawa University , Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192 , Japan
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10
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Pu M, Sanhueza IA, Senol E, Schoenebeck F. Divergent Reactivity of Stannane and Silane in the Trifluoromethylation of Pd
II
: Cyclic Transition State versus Difluorocarbene Release. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:15081-15085. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201808229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maoping Pu
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Italo A. Sanhueza
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
- Laboratory for Organic ChemistryETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Erdem Senol
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Franziska Schoenebeck
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
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11
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Pu M, Sanhueza IA, Senol E, Schoenebeck F. Divergent Reactivity of Stannane and Silane in the Trifluoromethylation of PdII: Cyclic Transition State versus Difluorocarbene Release. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201808229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maoping Pu
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Italo A. Sanhueza
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
- Laboratory for Organic ChemistryETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Erdem Senol
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Franziska Schoenebeck
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
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12
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Lu Q, Song J, Zhang M, Wei J, Li C. A theoretical study on the mechanism of hydrogenation of carboxylic acids catalyzed by the Saito catalyst. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:2460-2469. [PMID: 29383347 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt04447j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of the ruthenium carboxylate-catalyzed hydrogenation of carboxylic acids was investigated by using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The novel mechanism including two hydrogenation cycles was proposed for this reaction. The first cycle is the hydrogenation of the carboxylic acid to an aldehyde, while the second cycle is the hydrogenation of the aldehyde to an alcohol. These two catalytic cycles share similar elementary steps, including H2 heterolysis, hydride migration of the carboxylic acid or aldehyde, and catalyst regeneration. In this hydrogenation mechanism, the carboxylic acid is not only a reactant, but also an important proton source. Furthermore, the noncovalent interaction (e.g. hydrogen bonding interaction) between the ligand and carboxylic acid substrate could promote the hydrogenation of the carboxylic acid through stabilizing the transition state of the most energy-demanding step (i.e., hydride migration in the first catalytic cycle). Besides, the strong electron-donating ability of the dppb ligand could also facilitate the hydride migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
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