1
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Krech A, Laktsevich-Iskryk M, Deil N, Fokin M, Kimm M, Ošeka M. Asymmetric cyclopropanation via an electro-organocatalytic cascade. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:14026-14029. [PMID: 39463232 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc05092d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2024]
Abstract
We report an iminium ion-promoted, asymmetric synthesis of cyclopropanes via an electrocatalytic, iodine-mediated ring closure. The mild, controlled electrochemical generation of electrophilic iodine species in catalytic quantities prevents organocatalyst deactivation, while also eliminating the need for halogenating reagents, thus simplifying traditional synthetic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiya Krech
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, Tallinn 12618, Estonia.
| | - Marharyta Laktsevich-Iskryk
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, Tallinn 12618, Estonia.
| | - Nora Deil
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, Tallinn 12618, Estonia.
| | - Mihhail Fokin
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, Tallinn 12618, Estonia.
| | - Mariliis Kimm
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, Tallinn 12618, Estonia.
| | - Maksim Ošeka
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, Tallinn 12618, Estonia.
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2
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Kuddusi Y, Dobbelaere MR, Van Geem KM, Züttel A. Accelerated design of nickel-cobalt based catalysts for CO 2 hydrogenation with human-in-the-loop active machine learning. Catal Sci Technol 2024; 14:6307-6320. [PMID: 39282506 PMCID: PMC11391929 DOI: 10.1039/d4cy00873a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 09/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Thermo-catalytic conversion of CO2 into more valuable compounds, such as methane, is an attractive strategy for energy storage in chemical bonds and creating a carbon-based circular economy. However, designing heterogeneous catalysts remains a challenging, time- and resource-consuming task. Herein, we present an interpretable, human-in-the-loop active machine learning framework to efficiently plan catalytic experiments, execute them in an automated set-up, and estimate the effect of experimental variables on the catalytic activity. A dataset with 48 catalytic activity tests was compiled from a design space of Ni-Co/Al2O3 catalysts with over 50 million potential combinations in only eight iterations. This small dataset was found sufficient to predict CO2 conversion, methane selectivity, and methane space-time yield with remarkable accuracy (R 2 > 0.9) for untested catalysts and reaction conditions. New experiments and catalysts were selected with this methodology, leading to experimental conditions that improved the methane space-time yield by nearly 50% in comparison to the previously obtained maximum in the dataset. Interpretation of the model predictions unveiled the effect of each catalyst descriptor and reaction condition on the outcome. Particularly, the strong predicted inverse trend between the calcination temperature and the catalytic activity was validated experimentally, and characterization implied an underlying structure-performance relationship. Finally, it is demonstrated that the deployed active learning model is excellently suited to predict and fit kinetic trends with a minimal amount of data. This data-driven framework is a first step to faster, model-based, and interpretable design of catalysts and holds promise for broader applications across catalytic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasemen Kuddusi
- Laboratory of Materials for Renewable Energy (LMER), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering (ISIC), Basic Science Faculty (SB), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Valais/Wallis, Energypolis Rue de l'Industrie 17 1951 Sion Switzerland
- Empa Materials Science & Technology 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Maarten R Dobbelaere
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Ghent University Technologiepark 125 9052 Gent Belgium
| | - Kevin M Van Geem
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Ghent University Technologiepark 125 9052 Gent Belgium
| | - Andreas Züttel
- Laboratory of Materials for Renewable Energy (LMER), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering (ISIC), Basic Science Faculty (SB), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Valais/Wallis, Energypolis Rue de l'Industrie 17 1951 Sion Switzerland
- Empa Materials Science & Technology 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
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3
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Singh S, Kumar R, Dubey NN, Appayee C. Synthesis and application of chiral cis-2,5-disubstituted pyrrolidine organocatalysts. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024. [PMID: 39076133 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc03132f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
The first synthesis of chiral cis-2,5-disubstituted pyrrolidine organocatalysts is described. Their application for the enantioselective Michael addition of nitromethane to α,β-unsaturated aldehydes with excellent yield (up to 91%) and enantioselectivity (up to >99% ee) is demonstrated. Another catalytic application for the reaction of 2,4-hexadienal with nitrostyrene is also showcased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraj Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382055, India.
| | - Rohtash Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382055, India.
| | - Navneet Nandgopal Dubey
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382055, India.
| | - Chandrakumar Appayee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382055, India.
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4
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Kumar R, Maurya V, Avinash A, Appayee C. Nonsilyl Bicyclic Secondary Amine Catalysts for the Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of α,β-Unsaturated Aldehydes. J Org Chem 2024; 89:8586-8600. [PMID: 38836633 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
The first chiral synthesis of nonsilyl bicyclic secondary amine organocatalysts and their application to the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes are disclosed. A lower catalytic loading (5 mol %) is demonstrated for the reduction of a wide range of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes (up to 97% yield and up to 99% ee). The application of this scalable methodology is showcased for the asymmetric synthesis of bioactive molecules such as phenoxanol, citronellol, ramelteon, and terikalant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohtash Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382055, India
| | - Vidyasagar Maurya
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382055, India
| | - Avinash Avinash
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382055, India
| | - Chandrakumar Appayee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382055, India
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5
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Deem MC, Cai I, Derasp JS, Prieto PL, Sato Y, Liu J, Kukor AJ, Hein JE. Best Practices for the Collection of Robust Time Course Reaction Profiles for Kinetic Studies. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c05045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine C. Deem
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Isabelle Cai
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Joshua S. Derasp
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Paloma L. Prieto
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Yusuke Sato
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Junliang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Andrew J. Kukor
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Jason E. Hein
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
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6
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Perez JDM, Alajarin M, Martinez-Cuezva A, Berna J. Modulating the Catalytic Activity by the Mechanical Bond: Organocatalysis with Polyamide [2]Rotaxanes bearing a Secondary Amino Function at the Thread. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00481j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The modulation of the catalytic activity of degenerate succinamide-based [2]rotaxanes by changes at their macrocyclic component is disclosed herein. These systems, bearing an acyclic secondary amine function at the thread...
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7
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Perez JDM, Puigcerver J, Orlando T, Pastor A, Martins MAP, Alajarin M, Martinez-Cuezva A, Berna J. Mechanical bonding activation in rotaxane-based organocatalysts. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00789k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Interlocked organocatalysts show enhanced catalytic performance when compared with their non-interlocked threads.The ring cooperatively activates the substrates, facilitating the formation and stabilization of catalytically active intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus de Maria Perez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Química
- Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”
- Universidad de Murcia
- Murcia
| | - Julio Puigcerver
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Química
- Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”
- Universidad de Murcia
- Murcia
| | - Tainara Orlando
- Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE)
- Departamento de Química
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria
- 97105-900 Santa Maria-RS
- Brazil
| | - Aurelia Pastor
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Química
- Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”
- Universidad de Murcia
- Murcia
| | - Marcos A. P. Martins
- Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE)
- Departamento de Química
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria
- 97105-900 Santa Maria-RS
- Brazil
| | - Mateo Alajarin
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Química
- Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”
- Universidad de Murcia
- Murcia
| | - Alberto Martinez-Cuezva
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Química
- Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”
- Universidad de Murcia
- Murcia
| | - Jose Berna
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Química
- Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”
- Universidad de Murcia
- Murcia
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8
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Margarita C, Villo P, Tuñon H, Dalla-Santa O, Camaj D, Carlsson R, Lill M, Ramström A, Lundberg H. Zirconium-catalysed direct substitution of alcohols: enhancing the selectivity by kinetic analysis. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy01219c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Kinetic analysis was used as a tool for rational optimization of catalytic direct substitution of alcohols to enable selective formation of ethers, thioethers, and Friedel–Crafts alkylation products using a moisture-tolerant and commercially available Zr complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Margarita
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Piret Villo
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hernando Tuñon
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Oscar Dalla-Santa
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David Camaj
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robin Carlsson
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Malin Lill
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anja Ramström
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helena Lundberg
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
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9
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10
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Villo P, Dalla-Santa O, Szabó Z, Lundberg H. Kinetic Analysis as an Optimization Tool for Catalytic Esterification with a Moisture-Tolerant Zirconium Complex. J Org Chem 2020; 85:6959-6969. [PMID: 32352291 PMCID: PMC7304901 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
This work describes the use of kinetics
as a tool for rational
optimization of an esterification process with down to equimolar ratios
of reagents using a recyclable commercially available zirconocene
complex in catalytic amounts. In contrast to previously reported group
IV metal-catalyzed esterification protocols, the work presented herein
circumvents the use of water scavengers and perfluorooctane sulfonate
(PFOS) ligands. Insights into the operating mechanism are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piret Villo
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, S-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Oscar Dalla-Santa
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, S-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zoltán Szabó
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, S-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helena Lundberg
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, S-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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11
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Paria S, Carletti E, Marcon M, Cherubini-Celli A, Mazzanti A, Rancan M, Dell'Amico L, Bonchio M, Companyó X. Light-Triggered Catalytic Asymmetric Allylic Benzylation with Photogenerated C-Nucleophiles. J Org Chem 2020; 85:4463-4474. [PMID: 32081000 PMCID: PMC7997570 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Herein
is reported the asymmetric allylic benzylation of Morita–Baylis–Hillman
(MBH) carbonates with 2-methylbenzophenone (MBP) derivatives as nonstabilized
photogenerated C-nucleophiles. The dual activation
of both reaction partners, chiral Lewis-base activation of the electrophile
and light activation of the nucleophile, enables the stereoselective
installation of benzyl groups at the allylic position to forge tertiary
and quaternary carbon centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suva Paria
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Edoardo Carletti
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Michela Marcon
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Mazzanti
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marzio Rancan
- ICMATE-CNR, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Dell'Amico
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Marcella Bonchio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Xavier Companyó
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
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12
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An F, Maji B, Min E, Ofial AR, Mayr H. Basicities and Nucleophilicities of Pyrrolidines and Imidazolidinones Used as Organocatalysts. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:1526-1547. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b11877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng An
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Biplab Maji
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Elizabeth Min
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Armin R. Ofial
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Herbert Mayr
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
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13
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Bratt E, Suárez-Pantiga S, Johansson MJ, Mendoza A. Mechanism and regioselectivity of the anionic oxidative rearrangement of 1,3-diketones towards all-carbon quaternary carboxylates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:8844-8847. [PMID: 31169839 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc03331a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The oxidative rearrangement of 1,3-diketones is an underexplored alternative to enolate chemistry in the synthesis of all-carbon quaternary carboxylates. The mechanistic investigation of this reaction has resulted in a mild base mediated protocol, whose regioselectivity has been studied in challenging acyclic substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Bratt
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Pepparedsleden 1, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
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14
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Vega-Peñaloza A, Paria S, Bonchio M, Dell’Amico L, Companyó X. Profiling the Privileges of Pyrrolidine-Based Catalysts in Asymmetric Synthesis: From Polar to Light-Driven Radical Chemistry. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b01556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Vega-Peñaloza
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Suva Paria
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Marcella Bonchio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Dell’Amico
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Xavier Companyó
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
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15
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Dhayalan V, Gadekar SC, Alassad Z, Milo A. Unravelling mechanistic features of organocatalysis with in situ modifications at the secondary sphere. Nat Chem 2019; 11:543-551. [DOI: 10.1038/s41557-019-0258-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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16
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Li C, Huang L, Wu R, Xu D. Bridged Alkyl Ionic Liquid‐Catalyzed Tandem Reaction for Synthesis of Spiro[4H‐pyran‐3,3′‐oxindoles] in Aqueous Ethanol Solution. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201803905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng‐Bin Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Pesticide (Tianjin)State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic ChemistryNankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Lu‐Shan Huang
- National Engineering Research Center of Pesticide (Tianjin)State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic ChemistryNankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Run‐Shi Wu
- National Engineering Research Center of Pesticide (Tianjin)State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic ChemistryNankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Da‐Zhen Xu
- National Engineering Research Center of Pesticide (Tianjin)State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic ChemistryNankai University Tianjin 300071 China
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17
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Bradshaw GA, Colgan AC, Allen NP, Pongener I, Boland MB, Ortin Y, McGarrigle EM. Stereoselective organocatalyzed glycosylations - thiouracil, thioureas and monothiophthalimide act as Brønsted acid catalysts at low loadings. Chem Sci 2019; 10:508-514. [PMID: 30713648 PMCID: PMC6334493 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc02788a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Thiouracil catalyzes stereoselective glycosylations with galactals in loadings as low as 0.1 mol%. It is proposed that in these glycosylations thiouracil, monothiophthalimide, and the previously reported catalyst, Schreiner's thiourea, do not operate via a double H-bonding mechanism but rather by Brønsted acid/base catalysis. In addition to the synthesis of 2-deoxyglycosides and glycoconjugates, we report the first organocatalytic synthesis of 1,1'-linked trehalose-type sugars.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Bradshaw
- Centre for Synthesis & Chemical Biology , UCD School of Chemistry , University College Dublin , Belfield , Dublin 4 , Ireland .
| | - A C Colgan
- Centre for Synthesis & Chemical Biology , UCD School of Chemistry , University College Dublin , Belfield , Dublin 4 , Ireland .
| | - N P Allen
- Centre for Synthesis & Chemical Biology , UCD School of Chemistry , University College Dublin , Belfield , Dublin 4 , Ireland .
| | - I Pongener
- Centre for Synthesis & Chemical Biology , UCD School of Chemistry , University College Dublin , Belfield , Dublin 4 , Ireland .
| | - M B Boland
- Centre for Synthesis & Chemical Biology , UCD School of Chemistry , University College Dublin , Belfield , Dublin 4 , Ireland .
| | - Y Ortin
- Centre for Synthesis & Chemical Biology , UCD School of Chemistry , University College Dublin , Belfield , Dublin 4 , Ireland .
| | - E M McGarrigle
- Centre for Synthesis & Chemical Biology , UCD School of Chemistry , University College Dublin , Belfield , Dublin 4 , Ireland .
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