1
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McGinnis KR, McGee CJ, Jarrold CC. Isomer-Dependent Electron Affinities of Fluorophenyl Radicals, •C 6H 5-xF x (2 ≤ x ≤ 4). J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:7063-7075. [PMID: 38440870 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Di-, tri-, and tetrafluorophenyl radicals each have three regioisomers, several of which can form multiple distinct radical structures. We present the photoelectron spectra of the di-, tri-, and tetrafluorophenide regioisomer anions generated from their associated fluorobenzene precursors. By comparing the spectra to the results of density functional theory calculations, we determine that in cases where more than one possible radical isomer is possible for a given regioisomer (radicals formed from 1,2-difluorobenzene, 1,3-difluorobenzene, 1,2,3-trifluorobenzene, and 1,2,4-trifluorobenzene) the most stable anion corresponds to a less stable neutral, suggesting that the reactive C-center on these fluorine-substituted phenyl groups can be controlled by charge state. Full analyses of the spectra and computational results yield further insights into the differences between the electronic and molecular structures of the fluorophenyl radicals and their associated anions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Rose McGinnis
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Conor J McGee
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Caroline Chick Jarrold
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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2
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McGee CJ, McGinnis KR, Jarrold CC. Trend in the Electron Affinities of Fluorophenyl Radicals ·C 6H 5-xF x (1 ≤ x ≤ 4). J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:7264-7273. [PMID: 37603043 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c04327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
The electron affinities (EAs) of a series of ·C6H5-xFx (1 ≤ x ≤ 4) fluorophenyl radicals are determined from the photoelectron spectra of their associated fluorophenide anions generated from C6H6-xFx (1 ≤ x ≤ 4) fluorobenzene precursors. The spectra show a near-linear incremental increase in EA of 0.4 eV/x. The spectra exhibit vibrationally unresolved and broad detachment transitions consistent with significant differences in the molecular structures of the anion and neutral radical species. The experimental EAs and broad spectra are consistent with density functional theory calculations on these species. While the anion detachment transitions all involve an electron in a non-bonding orbital, the differences in structure between the neutral and anion are in part due to repulsion between the lone pair on the C-center on which the excess charge is localized and neighboring F atoms. The C6H5-xFx- (2 ≤ x ≤ 4) spectra show features at lower binding energy that appear to be due to constitutional isomers formed in the ion source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor J McGee
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Kristen Rose McGinnis
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Caroline Chick Jarrold
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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3
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Kotaru S, Kähler S, Alessio M, Krylov AI. Magnetic exchange interactions in binuclear and tetranuclear iron(III) complexes described by spin-flip DFT and Heisenberg effective Hamiltonians. J Comput Chem 2023; 44:367-380. [PMID: 35699152 PMCID: PMC10084445 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Low-energy spectra of single-molecule magnets (SMMs) are often described by Heisenberg Hamiltonians. Within this formalism, exchange interactions between magnetic centers determine the ground-state multiplicity and energy separation between the ground and excited states. In this contribution, we extract exchange coupling constants (J) for a set of iron (III) binuclear and tetranuclear complexes from all-electron calculations using non-collinear spin-flip time-dependent density functional theory (NC-SF-TDDFT). For 12 binuclear complexes with J-values ranging from -6 to -132 cm-1 , our benchmark calculations using the short-range hybrid ωPBEh functional and 6-31G(d,p) basis set agree well with the experimentally derived values (mean absolute error of 4.7 cm-1 ). For the tetranuclear SMMs, the computed J constants are within 6 cm-1 from the experimentally derived values. We explore the range of applicability of the Heisenberg model by analyzing bonding patterns in these Fe(III) complexes using natural orbitals (NO), their occupations, and the number of effectively unpaired electrons. The results illustrate the efficiency of the spin-flip protocol for computing the exchange couplings and the utility of the NO analysis in assessing the validity of effective spin Hamiltonians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikiran Kotaru
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCalifornia
| | - Sven Kähler
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCalifornia
| | - Maristella Alessio
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCalifornia
| | - Anna I. Krylov
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCalifornia
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4
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Conder CJ, Jawale H, Wenthold PG. Mass spectrometry studies of nitrene anions. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2021:e21751. [PMID: 34842299 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nitrene anions are a class of reactive intermediates that provide a means for studying the corresponding neutral molecules via electron photodetachment spectroscopy and photoelectron spectroscopy. The added electron makes it possible for protected nitrene anions to be manipulated by external electric and magnetic fields of a mass spectrometer. Nitrene anions also display their own unique reactivities as reagents, which have been investigated using ion/molecule reactions. Mass spectrometry of negative ions has thereby provided information on the electronic states, reactivities, and thermochemical properties of nitrene intermediates. This review also includes a discussion of condensed-phase nitrene anions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory J Conder
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Harshal Jawale
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Paul G Wenthold
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
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5
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Hu Z, Sun Z, Sun H. Simulation of Negative Ion Photoelectron Spectroscopy Using a Nuclear Ensemble Approach: Implications from a Nuclear Vibration Effect. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:6621-6628. [PMID: 34318668 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c04246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The negative ion photoelectron spectroscopy (NIPES) has been proven to be a powerful technique to reveal the electronic structures and spectroscopic properties of various cluster anions/radicals with very high precision. However, direct comparisons of the theoretical NIPES with experimental measurements remain challenging. Particularly the nuclear vibration effect and the ionization probability are typically ignored in reproducing NIPES. In this work, the NIPES of three representative anions (NaS5-, P2N3-, and HCPN3-) with significantly different spectral features were simulated by combining the nuclear ensemble approach (NEA) and Dyson orbitals (DOs). Overall, the simulated NIPES are in good agreement with the experimentally determined ones, confirming the robustness of such a strategy. The analysis of frontier molecular orbitals (MOs) and DOs further suggests the similar mixed characters for the first ionized doublet (D0) and adjacent D1 states of NaS5- with distributions on the side sulfur atoms. And the D0 of P2N3* is confirmed as the lowest energy σ radical state; however, the D0 of HCPN3* should possess a mixture of π and σ electrons by taking into account the nuclear vibration effect. Next, the broader vibrational distribution and stronger main vibration modes of P2N3- and HCPN3- explain why the nuclear vibration possesses a more pronounced influence in reproducing their NIPES while it has little effect on NaS5-. Last, the limitations based on the double-harmonic approximation model and density of state method were also discussed, highlighting that the ionization probability and orbital relaxation effect during the ionization process should be reasonably considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhubin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China.,NYU-ECNU Center for Computational Chemistry at NYU Shanghai, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Zhenrong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, P. R. China
| | - Haitao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, P. R. China.,NYU-ECNU Center for Computational Chemistry at NYU Shanghai, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
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6
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Gozem S, Krylov AI. The
ezSpectra
suite: An easy‐to‐use toolkit for spectroscopy modeling. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samer Gozem
- Department of Chemistry Georgia State University Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - Anna I. Krylov
- Department of Chemistry University of Southern California Los Angeles California USA
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7
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Monino E, Loos PF. Spin-Conserved and Spin-Flip Optical Excitations from the Bethe-Salpeter Equation Formalism. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:2852-2867. [PMID: 33724811 PMCID: PMC8154368 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Like adiabatic time-dependent
density-functional theory (TD-DFT),
the Bethe–Salpeter equation (BSE) formalism of many-body perturbation
theory, in its static approximation, is “blind” to double
(and higher) excitations, which are ubiquitous, for example, in conjugated
molecules like polyenes. Here, we apply the spin-flip ansatz (which considers the lowest triplet state as the reference configuration
instead of the singlet ground state) to the BSE formalism in order
to access, in particular, double excitations. The present scheme is
based on a spin-unrestricted version of the GW approximation
employed to compute the charged excitations and screened Coulomb potential
required for the BSE calculations. Dynamical corrections to the static
BSE optical excitations are taken into account via an unrestricted
generalization of our recently developed (renormalized) perturbative
treatment. The performance of the present spin-flip BSE formalism
is illustrated by computing excited-state energies of the beryllium
atom, the hydrogen molecule at various bond lengths, and cyclobutadiene
in its rectangular and square-planar geometries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enzo Monino
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques (UMR 5626), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre-François Loos
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques (UMR 5626), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
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8
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Rohdenburg M, Yang Z, Su P, Bernhardt E, Yuan Q, Apra E, Grabowsky S, Laskin J, Jenne C, Wang XB, Warneke J. Properties of gaseous closo-[B 6X 6] 2- dianions (X = Cl, Br, I). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:17713-17724. [PMID: 32728676 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02581j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Electronic structure, collision-induced dissociation (CID) and bond properties of closo-[B6X6]2- (X = Cl-I) are investigated in direct comparison with their closo-[B12X12]2- analogues. Photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) and theoretical investigations reveal that [B6X6]2- dianions are electronically significantly less stable than the corresponding [B12X12]2- species. Although [B6Cl6]2- is slightly electronically unstable, [B6Br6]2- and [B6I6]2- are intrinsically stable dianions. Consistent with the trend in the electron detachment energy, loss of an electron (e- loss) is observed in CID of [B6X6]2- (X = Cl, Br) but not for [B6I6]2-. Halogenide loss (X- loss) is common for [B6X6]2- (X = Br, I) and [B12X12]2- (X = Cl, Br, I). Meanwhile, X˙ loss is only observed for [B12X12]2- (X = Br, I) species. The calculated reaction enthalpies of the three competing dissociation pathways (e-, X- and X˙ loss) indicated a strong influence of kinetic factors on the observed fragmentation patterns. The repulsive Coulomb barrier (RCB) determines the transition state for the e- and X- losses. A significantly lower RCB for X- loss than for e- loss was found in both experimental and theoretical investigations and can be rationalized by the recently introduced concept of electrophilic anions. The positive reaction enthalpies for X- losses are significantly lower for [B6X6]2- than for [B12X12]2-, while enthalpies for X˙ losses are higher. These observations are consistent with a difference in bond character of the B-X bonds in [B6X6]2- and [B12X12]2-. A complementary bonding analysis using QTAIM, NPA and ELI-D based methods suggests that B-X bonds in [B12X12]2- have a stronger covalent character than in [B6X6]2-, in which X has a stronger halide character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Rohdenburg
- Institut für Angewandte und Physikalische Chemie, Universität Bremen, Fachbereich 2-Biologie/Chemie, 28359 Bremen, Germany
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9
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Mendez-Vega E, Sander W, Hemberger P. Isomer-Selective Threshold Photoelectron Spectra of Phenylnitrene and Its Thermal Rearrangement Products. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:3836-3843. [PMID: 32208698 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c01134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The photoionization of phenylnitrene was investigated by photoion mass-selected threshold photoelectron spectroscopy in the gas phase. Flash vacuum pyrolysis of phenyl azide at 480 °C produces the nitrene, which subsequently rearranges at higher temperatures affording three isomeric cyanocyclopentadienes, in contrast to low-temperature trapping experiments. Temperature control of the reactor and threshold photoelectron spectra allows for optimizing the generation of phenylnitrene or its thermal rearrangement products, as well as obtaining vibrational information for the corresponding ions. The adiabatic ionization energies (AIE) of the triplet nitrene (3A2) to the radical cation in its lowest-energy doublet (2B2) and quartet (4A1) spin states were determined to 8.29 ± 0.01 and 9.73 ± 0.01 eV, respectively. Vibrational frequencies of ring breathing modes were measured at 500 ± 80 and 484 ± 80 cm-1 for both the [Formula: see text](2B2) and [Formula: see text](4A1) cationic states, respectively. The AIE differ from the values previously reported; hence, we revise the doublet-quartet energy splitting of the phenylnitrene radical cation to 1.44 eV, in excellent agreement with composite methods and coupled cluster calculations, but considerably higher than the literature reference (1.1 eV).
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Mendez-Vega
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Wolfram Sander
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Patrick Hemberger
- Laboratory for Synchrotron Radiation and Femtochemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
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10
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Errabelli R, Zheng Z, Attygalle AB. Formation of Protonated ortho-Quinonimide from ortho-Iodoaniline in the Gas Phase by a Molecular-Oxygen-Mediated, ortho-Isomer-Specific Fragmentation Mechanism. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2020; 31:864-872. [PMID: 32233379 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.9b00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Upon collisional activation under mass spectrometric conditions, protonated 2-, 3-, and 4-iodoanilines lose an iodine radical to generate primarily dehydroanilinium radical cations (m/z 93), which are the distonic counterparts of the conventional molecular ion of aniline. When briefly accumulated in the Trap region of a Triwave cell in a SYNAPT G2 instrument, before being released for ion-mobility separation, these dehydroanilinium cations react readily with traces of oxygen present in the mobility gas to form peroxyl radical cations. Although all three isomeric dehydroanilinium ions showed avid affinity for O2, their reactivities were distinctly different. For example, the product-ion spectra recorded from mass-selected m/z 93 ion from 3- and 4-iodoanilines showed a peak at m/z 125 for the respective peroxylbenzenaminium ion. In contrast, an analogous peak at m/z 125 was absent in the spectrum of the 2-dehydroanilinium ion generated from 2-iodoaniline. Evidently, the 2-peroxylbenzenaminium ion generated from the 2-dehydroanilinium ion immediately loses a •OH to form protonated ortho-quinonimide (m/z 108).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramu Errabelli
- Center for Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, United States
| | - Zhaoyu Zheng
- Center for Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, United States
| | - Athula B Attygalle
- Center for Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, United States
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11
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Pokhilko P, Izmodenov D, Krylov AI. Extension of frozen natural orbital approximation to open-shell references: Theory, implementation, and application to single-molecule magnets. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:034105. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5138643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Pokhilko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0482, USA
| | - Daniil Izmodenov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0482, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Anna I. Krylov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0482, USA
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12
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Abstract
This Perspective discusses salient features of the spin-flip approach to strong correlation and describes different methods that sprung from this idea. The spin-flip treatment exploits the different physics of low-spin and high-spin states and is based on the observation that correlation is small for same-spin electrons. By using a well-behaved high-spin state as a reference, one can access problematic low-spin states by deploying the same formal tools as in the excited-state treatments (i.e., linear response, propagator, or equation-of-motion theories). The Perspective reviews applications of this strategy within wave function and density functional theory frameworks as well as the extensions for molecular properties and spectroscopy. The utility of spin-flip methods is illustrated by examples. Limitations and proposed future directions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Casanova
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain. and IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Anna I Krylov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
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13
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Orms N, Krylov AI. Singlet-triplet energy gaps and the degree of diradical character in binuclear copper molecular magnets characterized by spin-flip density functional theory. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:13127-13144. [PMID: 29376159 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp07356a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Molecular magnets, defined here as organic polyradicals, can be used as building blocks in the fabrication of novel and structurally diverse magnetic light-weight materials. We present a theoretical investigation of the lowest spin states of several binuclear copper diradicals. In contrast to previous studies, we consider not only the energetics of the low-lying states (which are related to the exchange-coupling parameter within the Heisenberg-Dirac-van-Vleck model), but also the character of the diradical states themselves. We use natural orbitals, their occupations, and the number of effectively unpaired electrons to quantify bonding patterns in these systems. We compare the performance of spin-flip time-dependent density functional theory (SF-TDDFT) using various functionals and effective core potentials against the wave function based approach, equation-of-motion spin-flip coupled-cluster method with single and double substitutions (EOM-SF-CCSD). We find that SF-TDDFT paired with the PBE50 and B5050LYP functionals performs comparably to EOM-SF-CCSD, with respect to both singlet-triplet gaps and states' characters. Visualization of frontier natural orbitals shows that the unpaired electrons are localized on copper centers, in some cases exhibiting slight through-bond interaction via copper d-orbitals and p-orbitals of neighboring ligand atoms. The analysis reveals considerable interactions between the formally unpaired electrons in the antiferromagnetic diradicaloids, meaning that they are poorly described by the Heisenberg-Dirac-van-Vleck model. Thus, for these systems the experimentally derived exchange-coupling parameters are not directly comparable with the singlet-triplet gaps. This explains systematic discrepancies between the computed singlet-triplet energy gaps and the exchange-coupling parameters extracted from experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Orms
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0482, USA.
| | - Anna I Krylov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0482, USA.
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14
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Orms N, Rehn DR, Dreuw A, Krylov AI. Characterizing Bonding Patterns in Diradicals and Triradicals by Density-Based Wave Function Analysis: A Uniform Approach. J Chem Theory Comput 2018; 14:638-648. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.7b01012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Orms
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0482, United States
| | - Dirk R. Rehn
- Interdisciplinary
Center for Scientific Computing, Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205A, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisciplinary
Center for Scientific Computing, Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205A, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna I. Krylov
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0482, United States
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15
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Luxon AR, Orms N, Kanters R, Krylov AI, Parish CA. An ab Initio Exploration of the Bergman Cyclization. J Phys Chem A 2017; 122:420-430. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b10576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam R. Luxon
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia 23173, United States
| | - Natalie Orms
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - René Kanters
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia 23173, United States
| | - Anna I. Krylov
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Carol A. Parish
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia 23173, United States
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