1
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Lei Z, Zhao P, Guan ZJ, Nan ZA, Ehara M, Wang QM. 'Passivated Precursor' Approach to All-Alkynyl-Protected Gold Nanoclusters and Total Structure Determination of Au 130. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401094. [PMID: 38797717 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
A 'passivated precursor' approach is developed for the efficient synthesis and isolation of all-alkynyl-protected gold nanoclusters. Direct reduction of dpa-passivated precursor Au-dpa (Hdpa=2,2'-dipyridylamine) in one-pot under ambient conditions gives a series of clusters including Au22(C≡CR)18 (R=-C6H4-2-F), Au36(C≡CR)24, Au44(C≡CR)28, Au130(C≡CR)50, and Au144(C≡CR)60. These clusters can be well separated via column chromatography. The overall isolation yield of this series of clusters is 40 % (based on gold), which is much improved in comparison with previous approaches. It is notable that the molecular structure of the giant cluster Au130(C≡CR)50 is revealed, which presents important information for understanding the structure of the mysterious Au130 nanoclusters. Theoretical calculations indicated Au130(C≡CR)50 has a smaller HOMO-LUMO gap than Au130(S-C6H4-4-CH3)50. This facile and reliable synthetic approach will greatly accelerate further studies on all-alkynyl-protected gold nanoclusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Lei
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, P. R. China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Inorganic Oxygenated Materials, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, 350108, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Pei Zhao
- Research Center for Computational Science, Institute for Molecular Science, 444-8585, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Zong-Jie Guan
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Ang Nan
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Masahiro Ehara
- Research Center for Computational Science, Institute for Molecular Science, 444-8585, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Quan-Ming Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, P. R. China
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2
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Zhang N, Qu L, Dai S, Xie G, Han C, Zhang J, Huo R, Hu H, Chen Q, Huang W, Xu H. Intramolecular charge transfer enables highly-efficient X-ray luminescence in cluster scintillators. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2901. [PMID: 37217534 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38546-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Luminescence clusters composed of organic ligands and metals have gained significant interests as scintillators owing to their great potential in high X-ray absorption, customizable radioluminescence, and solution processability at low temperatures. However, X-ray luminescence efficiency in clusters is primarily governed by the competition between radiative states from organic ligands and nonradiative cluster-centered charge transfer. Here we report that a class of Cu4I4 cubes exhibit highly emissive radioluminescence in response to X-ray irradiation through functionalizing biphosphine ligands with acridine. Mechanistic studies show that these clusters can efficiently absorb radiation ionization to generate electron-hole pairs and transfer them to ligands during thermalization for efficient radioluminescence through precise control over intramolecular charge transfer. Our experimental results indicate that copper/iodine-to-ligand and intraligand charge transfer states are predominant in radiative processes. We demonstrate that photoluminescence and electroluminescence quantum efficiencies of the clusters reach 95% and 25.6%, with the assistance of external triplet-to-singlet conversion by a thermally activated delayed fluorescence matrix. We further show the utility of the Cu4I4 scintillators in achieving a lowest X-ray detection limit of 77 nGy s-1 and a high X-ray imaging resolution of 12 line pairs per millimeter. Our study offers insights into universal luminescent mechanism and ligand engineering of cluster scintillators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Lei Qu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Shuheng Dai
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Guohua Xie
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Chunmiao Han
- MOE Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Ran Huo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Huan Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Qiushui Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Wei Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Hui Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150080, China.
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3
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Hua S, Wang X, Liu Z, Lu T, Zhao M. Effects of external field wavelength and solvation on the photophysical property and optical nonlinearity of 1,3-thiazolium-5-thiolates mesoionic compound. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 289:122227. [PMID: 36542919 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.122227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The photophysical property and optical nonlinearity of an electronic push-pull mesoionic compound, 2-(4-trifluoromethophenyl)-3-methyl-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazole-5-thiolate, were theoretically investigated with a reliable computing strategy. The essence of the optical properties were then explored through a variety of wavefunction analysis methods, including the natural transition orbital analysis, hole-electron analysis, (hyper)polarizability density analysis, decomposition of the (hyper)polarizability contribution, and (hyper)polarizability tensor analysis, at the level of electronic structure. The influences of the electric field and solvation on the absorption spectrum and (hyper)polarizability of the molecule are highlighted and clarified. The results are expected to provide guidance for people to understand the effects of external field wavelength and solvation on the optical properties of mesoscopic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shugui Hua
- College of Life Science and Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biological Functional Molecules, Jiangsu Second Normal University, Nanjing 210013, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeyu Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tian Lu
- Beijing Kein Research Center for Natural Sciences, Beijing 100022, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mengdi Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, People's Republic of China
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4
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Utilizing inner filter effect in resonance Rayleigh scattering technique: a case study with silver nanocubes as RRS probe and several analytes as absorbers. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 190:37. [PMID: 36571644 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05609-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
It was demonstrated that the mechanism of the inner filter effect (IFE) can emerge well in the resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS) technique and be utilized as a new analytical method in the design of innovative IFE-based sensors. To prove this process, silver nanocubes (Ag NCs) with tunable extinction spectra were selected as RRS probes, and three analytes, doxorubicin (DOX), sunitinib (SUN), and Alizarin Red S (ARS), were considered as the typical absorbers. In addition, in the presence of SUN as a typical analyte, the quenching of the RRS signal of Ag NCs, with λmax of 419 nm, was linear in the range 0.01 to 2.5 µM of SUN. The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.0025 µM. The introduced method was then used to develop a dual-signal assay for the ratiometric determination of Al3+ ions. The suggested dual-signal assay was based on the color changes of ARS caused by Al3+ and the IFE between ARS and Ag NCs. The obtained results showed that the two characteristics of response sensitivity and linear dynamic range are very satisfactory for sensing Al3+ ions. The findings of this study demonstrate that the newly developed IFE mechanism can be employed as an attractive and highly efficient analytical technique for measuring different analytes.
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5
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Zhang N, Hu H, Qu L, Huo R, Zhang J, Duan C, Meng Y, Han C, Xu H. Overcoming Efficiency Limitation of Cluster Light-Emitting Diodes with Asymmetrically Functionalized Biphosphine Cu 4I 4 Cubes. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:6551-6557. [PMID: 35354283 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c01588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Electroluminescent (EL) nanoclusters holding promise for new-generation cluster light-emitting devices (CLEDs) rapidly emerge. However, slow radiation and serious quenching of cluster emitters largely limit the device performance. Herein, we report two monofunctionalized biphosphine chelated Cu4I4 clusters [DMACDBFDP]2Cu4I4 and [DPACDBFDP]2Cu4I4. The asymmetric modification and electron-donating effect of acridine groups lead to the iodine-to-ligand charge transfer predominant excited states of the clusters, which feature thermally activated delayed fluorescence with markedly improved singlet radiative rate constants and reduced triplet nonradiative rate constants. As consequence, compared to the nonfunctionalized parent cluster, [DPACDBFDP]2Cu4I4 achieves 16-fold increased photoluminescence (81%) and 20-fold increased EL (19.5%) quantum efficiencies. Such new-record efficiencies make CLEDs achieve the state-of-the-art performance of all kinds of EL technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education) & School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Huan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education) & School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Lei Qu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education) & School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Ran Huo
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education) & School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education) & School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Chunbo Duan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education) & School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Yushan Meng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education) & School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Chunmiao Han
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education) & School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education) & School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
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6
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Su Z, Bejide M, Ferrari P, Kaw KA, Moris M, Clays K, Knoppe S, Lievens P, Janssens E. The wavelength-dependent non-linear absorption and refraction of Au 25 and Au 38 monolayer-protected clusters. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:3618-3624. [PMID: 35188173 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr08072e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade, the structural and electronic properties of monolayer-protected metal clusters, which can be produced size-selected in macroscopic amounts, have received a lot of attention. Their great potential for optical applications has been identified. In the high intensity regime, monolayer-protected metal clusters show pronounced nonlinear absorption and refraction. Naturally, these phenomena are wavelength-dependent, however, such dependence is largely unexplored. Here, we quantify the wavelength-dependent non-linear optical absorption and refraction cross sections of atomically precise Au25(DDT)18 and Au38(DDT)24 clusters, using the z-scan technique in combination with a tunable nanosecond laser source. Qualitatively different non-linear optical phenomena were found to take place at different excitation wavelengths (two-photon and excited-state absorption, intensity saturation and non-linear refraction). Both clusters have high nonlinear absorption cross sections at 532 nm, and present a (local) maximum at 640 nm, together with a maximum in the absorption saturation. The nonlinear refraction is always negative for Au25(DDT)18, while it changes sign for Au38(DDT)24. Depending on the wavelength, the underlying mechanism of the nonlinear absorption effects is two-photon absorption or excited state absorption. The obtained very high nonlinear cross sections, on the order of 107-109 GM, demonstrate the great potential of those clusters as nonlinear absorption or refraction materials in optical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Su
- Quantum Solid-State Physics, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Matias Bejide
- Quantum Solid-State Physics, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Piero Ferrari
- Quantum Solid-State Physics, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | | | - Michèle Moris
- Molecular Imaging and Photonics, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koen Clays
- Molecular Imaging and Photonics, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stefan Knoppe
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, 70147 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Peter Lievens
- Quantum Solid-State Physics, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Ewald Janssens
- Quantum Solid-State Physics, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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7
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Zhang N, Qu L, Hu H, Huo R, Meng Y, Duan C, Zhang J, Han C, Xie G, Xu H. Sky Blue and Yellow Cluster Light-Emitting Diodes Based on Asymmetric Cu
4
I
4
Nanocubes. RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.34133/research.0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Controllably optimizing excited-state characteristics is crucial for luminescent nanoclusters but remains a formidable challenge. Herein, we report an effective “ligand-induced asymmetrization” strategy for constructing thermally activated delayed fluorescence-featured cubic Cu
4
I
4
nanoclusters with asymmetric configurations, named [tBCzDBFDP]
2
Cu
4
I
4
and [PTZDBFDP]
2
Cu
4
I
4
. Through changing 3,6-di-
tert
-butyl-carbazole (tBCz) to phenothiazine (PTZ) with a stronger electron-donating effect, emission color is tuned from greenish blue of [tBCzDBFDP]
2
Cu
4
I
4
to yellow of [PTZDBFDP]
2
Cu
4
I
4
, as well as the triplet locally excited state of the former to the triplet charge transfer state of the latter. Temperature-correlated spectroscopic investigation indicates that in terms of triplet quenching suppression, [tBCzDBFDP]
2
Cu
4
I
4
is superior to [PTZDBFDP]
2
Cu
4
I
4
, in accord with the stabilities of their triplet locally excited state and triplet charge transfer state. As a consequence, these asymmetric Cu
4
I
4
nanocubes endowed their cluster light-emitting diodes with the external quantum efficiencies beyond 12% for sky blue and 8% for yellow. These results suggest the significance and effectiveness of ligand engineering for optoelectronic nanoclusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education) and School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Lei Qu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education) and School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Huan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education) and School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Ran Huo
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education) and School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Yushan Meng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education) and School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Chunbo Duan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education) and School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education) and School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Chunmiao Han
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education) and School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Guohua Xie
- Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Hui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education) and School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
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8
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Zhou M, Du X, Wang H, Jin R. The Critical Number of Gold Atoms for a Metallic State Nanocluster: Resolving a Decades-Long Question. ACS NANO 2021; 15:13980-13992. [PMID: 34490772 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c04705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Probing the transition from a metallic state to a molecular state in gold nanoparticles is fundamentally important for understanding the origin of surface plasmon resonance and the nature of the metallic bond. Atomically precise gold nanoclusters are desired for probing such a transition based upon a series of precise sizes with X-ray structures. While the definition of the metallic state in nanoclusters is simple, that is, when the HOMO-LUMO gap (Eg) becomes negligibly small (Eg < kBT, where kB is the Boltzmann constant and T the temperature), the experimental determination of ultrasmall Eg (e.g., of kBT level) is difficult, and the thermal excitation of valence electrons apparently comes into play in ultrasmall Eg nanoclusters. Although a sharp transition from nonmetallic Au246(SR)80 to metallic Au279(SR)84 (SR: thiolate) has been observed, there is still uncertainty about the transition region. Here, we summarize several criteria on determining the metallic state versus the molecular (or nonmetallic) state in gold nanoclusters, including (1) Eg determined by optical and electrochemical methods, (2) steady-state absorption spectra, (3) cryogenic optical spectra, (4) transient absorption spectra, (5) excited-state lifetime and power dependence, and (6) coherent oscillations in ultrafast electron dynamics. We emphasize that multiple analyses should be performed and cross-checked in practice because no single criterion is definitive. We also review the photophysics of several gold nanoclusters with nascent surface plasmon resonance. These criteria are expected to deepen the understanding of the metallic to molecular state transition of gold and other metal nanoclusters and also promote the design of functional nanomaterials and their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Department of Physics, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Xiangsha Du
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - He Wang
- Department of Physics, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Rongchao Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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9
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Liu Z, Tian Z, Lu T, Hua S. Theoretical Framework of 1,3-Thiazolium-5-Thiolates Mesoionic Compounds: Exploring the Nature of Photophysical Property and Molecular Nonlinearity. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:5563-5569. [PMID: 32539391 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c03166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Inspired by a previous experimental study on the first-order hyperpolarizabilities of 1,3-thiazolium-5-thiolates mesoionic compounds using the hyper-Rayleigh scattering technique, we theoretically investigated the UV-vis absorption spectra and every-order polarizabilities of these mesoionic molecules. Based on the fact that the photophysical and nonlinear properties observed in the experiment can be perfectly replicated, our theoretical calculations explored the essential characteristics of the optical properties of the mesoionic compounds with different electron-donating groups at the level of electronic structures through various wave function analysis methods. The influence of the electron-donating ability of the donor on the optical properties of the molecules and the contribution of the mesoionic ring moiety to their optical nonlinearity are clarified, which have not been reported by any research so far. This work will help people understand the nature of optical properties of mesoionic-based molecules and provide guidance for the rational design of molecules with excellent photoelectric performance in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Liu
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziqi Tian
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Lu
- Beijing Kein Research Center for Natural Sciences, Beijing 100022, People's Republic of China
| | - Shugui Hua
- College of Life Science and Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biological Functional Molecules, Jiangsu Second Normal University, Nanjing 210013, People's Republic of China
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10
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Hoque MM, Mayer KM, Ponce A, Alvarez MM, Whetten RL. Toward Smaller Aqueous-Phase Plasmonic Gold Nanoparticles: High-Stability Thiolate-Protected ∼4.5 nm Cores. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:10610-10617. [PMID: 31299160 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b01908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Most applications of aqueous plasmonic gold nanoparticles benefit from control of the core size and shape, control of the nature of the ligand shell, and a simple and widely applicable preparation method. Surface functionalization of such nanoparticles is readily achievable but is restricted to water-soluble ligands. Here we have obtained highly monodisperse and stable smaller aqueous gold nanoparticles (core diameter ∼4.5 nm), prepared from citrate-tannate precursors via ligand exchange with each of three distinct thiolates: 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid, α-R-lipoic acid, and para-mercaptobenzoic acid. These are characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy for plasmonic properties; Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for ligand-exchange confirmation; X-ray diffractometry for structural analysis; and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy for structure and size determination. Chemical reduction induces a blueshift, maximally +0.02 eV, in the localized surface plasmon resonance band; this is interpreted as an electronic (-) charging of the monolayer-protected cluster (MPC) gold core, corresponding to a -0.5 V change in electrochemical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mozammel Hoque
- Department of Physics & Astronomy , University of Texas , San Antonio , Texas 78249 , United States
| | - Kathryn M Mayer
- Department of Physics & Astronomy , University of Texas , San Antonio , Texas 78249 , United States
| | - Arturo Ponce
- Department of Physics & Astronomy , University of Texas , San Antonio , Texas 78249 , United States
| | - M M Alvarez
- Department of Physics & Astronomy , University of Texas , San Antonio , Texas 78249 , United States
| | - Robert L Whetten
- Department of Physics & Astronomy , University of Texas , San Antonio , Texas 78249 , United States
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11
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Bonačić-Koutecký V, Antoine R. Enhanced two-photon absorption of ligated silver and gold nanoclusters: theoretical and experimental assessments. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:12436-12448. [PMID: 31162509 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr01826c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Ligated silver and gold nanoclusters belonging to a non-scalable size regime with molecular-like discrete electronic states represent an emerging class of extremely interesting optical materials. Nonlinear optical (NLO) characteristics of such quantum clusters have revealed remarkable features. The two-photon absorption (TPA) cross section of ligated noble metal nanoclusters is several orders of magnitude larger than that of commercially-available dyes. Several such case studies on NLO properties of ligated silver and gold nanoclusters have been reported, making them promising candidates for various bio-imaging techniques such as multiphoton-excited fluorescence microscopy. However, the structure-property relationship is of great importance and needs to be properly addressed in order to design new nonlinear optical materials. Using small ligated silver nanoclusters as test systems, we illustrate how theoretical approaches together with experimental findings can contribute to the understanding of structure-property relationships that might ultimately guide nanocluster synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlasta Bonačić-Koutecký
- Centre of excellence for Science and Technology-Integration of Mediterranean region (STIM) at the Interdisciplinary Centre for Advanced Sciences and Technology (ICAST), University of Split, Poljička cesta 35, HR-21000 Split, Republic of Croatia and Department of Chemistry, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Rodolphe Antoine
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, Lyon, France.
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12
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Xie M, Han C, Liang Q, Zhang J, Xie G, Xu H. Highly efficient sky blue electroluminescence from ligand-activated copper iodide clusters: Overcoming the limitations of cluster light-emitting diodes. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaav9857. [PMID: 31245537 PMCID: PMC6588361 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav9857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Organic light-emitting diodes using cluster emitters have recently emerged as a flexible optoelectronic platform to extend their biological and optical applications. However, their inefficient cluster-centered excited states and deficient electrical properties limit device performance. Here, we introduce donor groups in organic ligands to form ligand-activated clusters, enabling the fabrication of the first cluster-based sky blue-emitting device with a record 30- and 8-fold increased luminance and external quantum efficiency up to ~7000 nits and ~8%, respectively. We show that the electron-donating effect of donor groups can enhance ligand-centered transitions and thoroughly eliminate cluster-centered excited states by delocalizing the molecular transition orbitals from the cluster unit to the ligand, leading to 13-fold increased photoluminescence quantum yield. In turn, the excellent rigidity and photostability of the cluster unit improve the color purity and efficiency stability of the devices. These results will motivate the further development of high-performance optoelectronic clusters by ligand engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchen Xie
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education) and School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Chunmiao Han
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education) and School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Qianqian Liang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education) and School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education) and School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Guohua Xie
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, and Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Hui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education) and School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
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Olesiak-Banska J, Waszkielewicz M, Samoc M. Two-photon chiro-optical properties of gold Au 25 nanoclusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:24523-24526. [PMID: 30226238 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp05256e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Atomically-precise chiral gold nanoclusters hold promise for an accurate manipulation of chiro-optical properties, both in linear and nonlinear optics regimes. Here, we present the determination of two-photon linear-circular dichroism and two-photon circular dichroism (TPCD) of Au25[(Capt)18]- (where Capt is captopril). TPCD is found to be two orders of magnitude higher than one-photon circular dichroism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Olesiak-Banska
- Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw 50-370, Poland.
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14
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Xu JX, Vithanage BCN, Athukorale SA, Zhang D. Scattering and absorption differ drastically in their inner filter effects on fluorescence, resonance synchronous, and polarized resonance synchronous spectroscopic measurements. Analyst 2018; 143:3382-3389. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an00790j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Reported herein is the finding that photon scattering and absorption differ drastically in inducing the sample IFE in SSF, RS2, and the PRS2 spectra measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Xiuzhu Xu
- Department of Chemistry
- Mississippi State University
- Mississippi State
- USA
| | | | | | - Dongmao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- Mississippi State University
- Mississippi State
- USA
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