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Zhao XG, Yang Q, Xu Y, Liu QY, Li ZY, Liu XX, Zhao YX, He SG. Machine Learning for Experimental Reactivity of a Set of Metal Clusters toward C-H Activation. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:12485-12495. [PMID: 38651836 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms of C-H activation of alkanes is a very important research topic. The reactions of metal clusters with alkanes have been extensively studied to reveal the electronic features governing C-H activation, while the experimental cluster reactivity was qualitatively interpreted case by case in the literature. Herein, we prepared and mass-selected over 100 rhodium-based clusters (RhxVyOz- and RhxCoyOz-) to react with light alkanes, enabling the determination of reaction rate constants spanning six orders of magnitude. A satisfactory model being able to quantitatively describe the rate data in terms of multiple cluster electronic features (average electron occupancy of valence s orbitals, the minimum natural charge on the metal atom, cluster polarizability, and energy gap involved in the agostic interaction) has been constructed through a machine learning approach. This study demonstrates that the general mechanisms governing the very important process of C-H activation by diverse metal centers can be discovered by interpreting experimental data with artificial intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Guan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Centre of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Centre of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Centre of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Centre of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Centre of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Centre of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Xia Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Centre of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Gui He
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Centre of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
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2
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Qin Y, Li L, Liu H, Han J, Wang H, Zhu X, Ge Q. Anionic oxyl radical formed on CrVI-oxo anchored on the defect site of the UiO-66 node facilitates methane to methanol conversion. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:134701. [PMID: 38557845 DOI: 10.1063/5.0201753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The direct conversion of methane to methanol has attracted increasing interest due to abundant and low-cost natural gas resources. Herein, by anchoring Cr-oxo/-oxyhydroxides on UiO-66 metal-organic frameworks, we demonstrate that reactive anionic oxyl radicals can be formed by controlling the coordination environment based on the results of density functional theory calculations. The anionic oxyl radicals produced at the completely oxidized CrVI site acted as the active species for facile methane activation. The thermodynamically stable CrVI-oxo/-oxyhydroxides with the anionic oxyl radicals catalyze the activation of the methane C-H bond through a homolytic mechanism. An analysis of the results showed that the catalytic performance of the active oxyl species correlates with the reaction energy of methane activation and H adsorption energies. Following methanol formation, N2O can regenerate the active sites on the most stable CrVI oxyhydroxides, i.e., the Cr(O)4Hf species. The present study demonstrated that the anionic oxyl radicals formed on the anchored CrVI oxyhydroxides by tuning the coordination environment enabled facile methane activation and facilitated methanol production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyao Qin
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Liwen Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Huixian Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jinyu Han
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xinli Zhu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Qingfeng Ge
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, USA
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3
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Sun CM, Wei GP, Yang Y, Zhao YX. Thermal Reactions of NiAl 3O 6+ and Al 4O 6+ with Methane: Reactivity Enhancement by Doping. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:1218-1225. [PMID: 38340065 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c07166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Investigation of the reactivity of heteronuclear metal oxide clusters is an important way to uncover the molecular-level mechanisms of the doping effect. Herein, we performed a comparative study on the reactions of CH4 with NiAl3O6+ and Al4O6+ cluster cations at room temperature to understand the role of Ni during the activation and transformation of methane. Mass spectrometric experiments identify that both NiAl3O6+ and Al4O6+ could bring about hydrogen atom abstraction reaction to generate CH3• radical; however, only NiAl3O6+ has the potential to stabilize [CH3] moiety and then transform [CH3] to CH2O. Density functional theory calculations demonstrate that the terminal oxygen radicals (Ot-•) bound to Al act as the reactive sites for the two clusters to activate the first C-H bond. Although the Ni atom cannot directly participate in methane activation, it can manipulate the electronic environment of the surrounding bridging oxygen atoms (Ob) and enable such Ob to function as an electron reservoir to help Ot-• oxidize CH4 to [H-O-CH3]. The facile reduction of Ni3+ to Ni+ also facilitates the subsequent step of activating the second C-H bond by the bridging "lattice oxygen" (Ob2-), finally enabling the oxidation of methane into formaldehyde. The important role of the dopant Ni played in improving the product selectivity of CH2O for methane conversion discovered in this study allows us to have a possible molecule-level understanding of the excellent performance of the catalysts doping with nickel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Man Sun
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostical Cluster Materials, Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Gong-Ping Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostical Cluster Materials, Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Xia Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Centre of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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Parker K, Bollis NE, Ryzhov V. Ion-molecule reactions of mass-selected ions. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2024; 43:47-89. [PMID: 36447431 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Gas-phase reactions of mass-selected ions with neutrals covers a very broad area of fundamental and applied mass spectrometry (MS). Oftentimes, ion-molecule reactions (IMR) can serve as a viable alternative to collision-induced dissociation and other ion dissociation techniques when using tandem MS. This review focuses on the literature pertaining applications of IMR since 2013. During the past decade considerable efforts have been made in analytical applications of IMR, including advances in one of the major techniques for characterization of unsaturated fatty acids and lipids, ozone-induced dissociation, and the development of a new technique for sequencing of large ions, hydrogen atom attachment/abstraction dissociation. Many advances have also been made in identifying gas-phase chemistry specific to a functional group in organic and biological compounds, which are useful in structure elucidation of analytes and differentiation of isomers/isobars. With "soft" ionization techniques like electrospray ionization having become mainstream for quite some time now, the efforts in the area of metal ion catalysis have firmly moved into exploring chemistry of ligated metal complexes in their "natural" oxidation states allowing to model individual steps of mechanisms in homogeneous catalysis, especially in combination with high-level DFT calculations. Finally, IMR continue to contribute to the body of knowledge in the area of chemistry of interstellar processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Parker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
| | - Nicholas E Bollis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
| | - Victor Ryzhov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
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da Silva Santos M, Medel R, Flach M, Ablyasova OS, Timm M, von Issendorff B, Hirsch K, Zamudio-Bayer V, Riedel S, Lau JT. Exposing the Oxygen-Centered Radical Character of the Tetraoxido Ruthenium(VIII) Cation [RuO 4 ] . Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202300390. [PMID: 37589334 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
The tetraoxido ruthenium(VIII) radical cation, [RuO4 ]+ , should be a strong oxidizing agent, but has been difficult to produce and investigate so far. In our X-ray absorption spectroscopy study, in combination with quantum-chemical calculations, we show that [RuO4 ]+ , produced via oxidation of ruthenium cations by ozone in the gas phase, forms the oxygen-centered radical ground state. The oxygen-centered radical character of [RuO4 ]+ is identified by the chemical shift at the ruthenium M3 edge, indicative of ruthenium(VIII), and by the presence of a characteristic low-energy transition at the oxygen K edge, involving an oxygen-centered singly-occupied molecular orbital, which is suppressed when the oxygen-centered radical is quenched by hydrogenation of [RuO4 ]+ to the closed-shell [RuO4 H]+ ion. Hydrogen-atom abstraction from methane is calculated to be only slightly less exothermic for [RuO4 ]+ than for [OsO4 ]+ .
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayara da Silva Santos
- Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Straße 3, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Abteilung für Hochempfindliche Röntgenspektroskopie, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Medel
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie - Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstraße 34/36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Max Flach
- Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Straße 3, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Abteilung für Hochempfindliche Röntgenspektroskopie, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Olesya S Ablyasova
- Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Straße 3, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Abteilung für Hochempfindliche Röntgenspektroskopie, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Timm
- Abteilung für Hochempfindliche Röntgenspektroskopie, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd von Issendorff
- Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Straße 3, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Konstantin Hirsch
- Abteilung für Hochempfindliche Röntgenspektroskopie, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vicente Zamudio-Bayer
- Abteilung für Hochempfindliche Röntgenspektroskopie, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Riedel
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie - Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstraße 34/36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - J Tobias Lau
- Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Straße 3, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Abteilung für Hochempfindliche Röntgenspektroskopie, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489, Berlin, Germany
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6
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Zhao XG, Zhao ZP, Zhao YX, He SG. Activation of Methane by Rhodium Clusters on a Model Support C 20H 10. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:9192-9199. [PMID: 37801470 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Supported metals represent an important family of catalysts for the transformation of the most stable alkane, methane, under mild conditions. Here, using state-of-the-art mass spectrometry coupled with a newly designed double ion trap reactor that can run at high temperatures, we successfully immobilize a series of Rhn- (n = 4-8) cluster anions on a model support C20H10. Reactivity measurements at room temperature identify a significantly enhanced performance of large-sized Rh7,8C20H10- toward methane activation compared to that of free Rh7,8-. The "support" acting as an "electron sponge" is emphasized as the key factor to improve the reactivity of large-sized clusters, for which the high electron-withdrawing capability of C20H10 dramatically shifts the active Rh atom from the apex position in free Rh7- to the edge position in "supported" Rh7- to enhance CH4 adsorption, while the flexibility of C20H10 to release electrons further promotes subsequent C-H activation. The Rh atoms in direct contact with the support serve as electron-relay stations for electron transfer between C20H10 and the active Rh atom. This work not only establishes a novel approach to prepare and measure the reactivity of "supported" metal clusters in isolated gas phase but provides useful atomic-scale insights for understanding the chemical behavior of carbon (e.g., graphene)-supported metals in heterogeneous catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Guan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Centre of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Pu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Centre of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Xia Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Centre of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Gui He
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Centre of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
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7
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Yan L, Yuan B, Qian C, Zhou S. Methane Activation by [AlFeO 3 ] + : the Hidden Spin Selectivity. Chemphyschem 2023:e202300603. [PMID: 37814927 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
The performance of heteronuclear cluster [AlFeO3 ]+ in activating methane has been explored by a combination of high-level quantum chemical calculations with gas-phase experiments. At room temperature, [AlFeO3 ]+ is a mixture of 7 [AlFeO3 ]+ and 5 [AlFeO3 ]+ , in which two states lead to different reactivity and chemoselectivity for methane activation. While hydrogen extracted from methane is the only product channel for the 7 [AlFeO3 ]+ /CH4 couple, 5 [AlFeO3 ]+ is able to convert this substrate to formaldehyde. In addition, the introduction of an external electric field may regulate the reactivity and product selectivity. The interesting doping effect of Fe and the associated electronic origins are discussed, which may guide one on the design of Fe-involved catalyst for methane conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghui Yan
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, P. R. China
- Institute of Zhejiang University - Quzhou, Zheda Rd. #99, 324000, Quzhou, P.R. China
| | - BoWei Yuan
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, P. R. China
- Institute of Zhejiang University - Quzhou, Zheda Rd. #99, 324000, Quzhou, P.R. China
| | - Chao Qian
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, P. R. China
- Institute of Zhejiang University - Quzhou, Zheda Rd. #99, 324000, Quzhou, P.R. China
| | - Shaodong Zhou
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, P. R. China
- Institute of Zhejiang University - Quzhou, Zheda Rd. #99, 324000, Quzhou, P.R. China
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8
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Cooks RG, Feng Y, Huang KH, Morato NM, Qiu L. Re-Imagining Drug Discovery using Mass Spectrometry. Isr J Chem 2023; 63:e202300034. [PMID: 37829547 PMCID: PMC10569432 DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202300034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023]
Abstract
It is argued that each of the three key steps in drug discovery, (i) reaction screening to find successful routes to desired drug candidates, (ii) scale up of the synthesis to produce amounts adequate for testing, and (iii) bioactivity assessment of the candidate compounds, can all be performed using mass spectrometry (MS) in a sequential fashion. The particular ionization method of choice, desorption electrospray ionization (DESI), is both an analytical technique and a procedure for small-scale synthesis. It is also highly compatible with automation, providing for high throughput in both synthesis and analysis. Moreover, because accelerated reactions take place in the secondary DESI microdroplets generated from individual reaction mixtures, this allows either online analysis by MS or collection of the synthetic products by droplet deposition. DESI also has the unique advantage, amongst spray-based MS ionization methods, that complex buffered biological solutions can be analyzed directly, without concern for capillary blockage. Here, all these capabilities are illustrated, the unique chemistry at droplet interfaces is presented, and the possible future implementation of DESI-MS based drug discovery is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Graham Cooks
- Department of Chemistry and Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Yunfei Feng
- Department of Chemistry and Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Kai-Hung Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Nicolás M Morato
- Department of Chemistry and Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Lingqi Qiu
- Department of Chemistry and Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
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9
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Doan HA, Wang X, Snurr RQ. Computational Screening of Supported Metal Oxide Nanoclusters for Methane Activation: Insights into Homolytic versus Heterolytic C-H Bond Dissociation. J Phys Chem Lett 2023:5018-5024. [PMID: 37224466 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Since its discovery in zeolites, the [CuOCu]2+ motif has played an important role in our understanding of selective methane activation over supported metal oxide nanoclusters. Although there are two known C-H bond dissociation mechanisms, namely, homolytic and heterolytic cleavage, most computational studies on optimizing metal oxide nanoclusters for improved methane activation reactivity have focused only on the homolytic mechanism. In this work, both mechanisms were examined for a set of 21 mixed metal oxide complexes of the form of [M1OM2]2+ (M1 and M2 = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn). Except for pure copper, heterolytic cleavage was found to be the dominant C-H bond activation pathway for all systems. Furthermore, mixed systems including [CuOMn]2+, [CuONi]2+, and [CuOZn]2+ are predicted to possess methane activation activity similar to pure [CuOCu]2+. These results suggest that both homolytic and heterolytic mechanisms should be considered in computing methane activation energies on supported metal oxide nanoclusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hieu A Doan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Xijun Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Randall Q Snurr
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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10
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Ruan M, Zhao YX, Wei GP, He SG. High-temperature reactivity of vanadium oxide clusters in methane activation: Vibrational degrees of freedom matter. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:2890772. [PMID: 37191213 DOI: 10.1063/5.0148304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the properties of small particles working under high-temperature conditions at the atomistic scale is imperative for exact control of related processes, but it is quite challenging to achieve experimentally. Herein, benefitting from state-of-the-art mass spectrometry and by using our newly designed high-temperature reactor, the activity of atomically precise particles of negatively charged vanadium oxide clusters toward hydrogen atom abstraction (HAA) from methane, the most stable alkane molecule, has been measured at elevated temperatures up to 873 K. We discovered the positive correlation between the reaction rate and cluster size that larger clusters possessing greater vibrational degrees of freedom can carry more vibrational energies to enhance the HAA reactivity at high temperature, in contrast with the electronic and geometric issues that control the activity at room temperature. This finding opens up a new dimension, vibrational degrees of freedom, for the simulation or design of particle reactions under high-temperature conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Ruan
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Centre of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Xia Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Centre of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Gong-Ping Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Centre of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Gui He
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Centre of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
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11
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Harrath K, Yao Z, Jiang YF, Wang YG, Li J. Activity Origin of the Nickel Cluster on TiC Support for Nonoxidative Methane Conversion. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:4033-4041. [PMID: 37093648 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Designing an active and selective catalyst for nonoxidative conversion of methane under mild conditions is critical for natural gas utilization as a chemical feedstock. Here, we demonstrate that the origin of the selective nonoxidative conversion of methane by the titanium carbide supported nickel cluster arises from the formation of a nickel carbide site under the reaction conditions, which could stabilize the CHx intermediate to facilitate the C-C coupling, but further coking is rather limited. The reaction mechanism reveals that the C2 products can be formed via a key -CHx-CH3 intermediate. In addition, we demonstrate that boration of the nickel cluster site can improve the methane conversion toward C2 products. That higher activity and selectivity from the moderate rise in d orbital energy levels can therefore be considered as a descriptor of the catalyst effectiveness. These findings provide an understanding of the dynamic behavior of the single nickel cluster toward methane conversion to C2 products and guidance for their future rational design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Harrath
- Department of Chemistry, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhen Yao
- Department of Chemistry, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ya-Fei Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yang-Gang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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12
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Zhao N, Goetz MK, Schneider JE, Anderson JS. Testing the Limits of Imbalanced CPET Reactivity: Mechanistic Crossover in H-Atom Abstraction by Co(III)-Oxo Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:5664-5673. [PMID: 36867838 PMCID: PMC10023487 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal-oxo complexes are key intermediates in a variety of oxidative transformations, notably C-H bond activation. The relative rate of C-H bond activation mediated by transition metal-oxo complexes is typically predicated on substrate bond dissociation free energy in cases with a concerted proton-electron transfer (CPET). However, recent work has demonstrated that alternative stepwise thermodynamic contributions such as acidity/basicity or redox potentials of the substrate/metal-oxo may dominate in some cases. In this context, we have found basicity-governed concerted activation of C-H bonds with the terminal CoIII-oxo complex PhB(tBuIm)3CoIIIO. We have been interested in testing the limits of such basicity-dependent reactivity and have synthesized an analogous, more basic complex, PhB(AdIm)3CoIIIO, and studied its reactivity with H-atom donors. This complex displays a higher degree of imbalanced CPET reactivity than PhB(tBuIm)3CoIIIO with C-H substrates, and O-H activation of phenol substrates displays mechanistic crossover to stepwise proton transfer-electron transfer (PTET) reactivity. Analysis of the thermodynamics of proton transfer (PT) and electron transfer (ET) reveals a distinct thermodynamic crossing point between concerted and stepwise reactivity. Furthermore, the relative rates of stepwise and concerted reactivity suggest that maximally imbalanced systems provide the fastest CPET rates up to the point of mechanistic crossover, which results in slower product formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | | | - Joseph E. Schneider
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - John S. Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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13
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Pérez‐Bitrián A, Alvarez S, Baya M, Echeverría J, Martín A, Orduna J, Menjón B. Terminal Au-N and Au-O Units in Organometallic Frames. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203181. [PMID: 36263870 PMCID: PMC10107225 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Since gold is located well beyond the oxo wall, chemical species with terminal Au-N and Au-O units are extremely rare and limited to low coordination numbers. We report here that these unusual units can be trapped within a suitable organometallic frame. Thus, the terminal auronitrene and auroxyl derivatives [(CF3 )3 AuN]- and [(CF3 )3 AuO]- were identified as local minima by calculation. These open-shell, high-energy ions were experimentally detected by tandem mass spectrometry (MS2 ): They respectively arise by N2 or NO2 dissociation from the corresponding precursor species [(CF3 )3 Au(N3 )]- and [(CF3 )3 Au(ONO2 )]- in the gas phase. Together with the known fluoride derivative [(CF3 )3 AuF]- , they form an interesting series of isoleptic and alloelectronic complexes of the highly acidic organogold(iii) moiety (CF3 )3 Au with singly charged anions X- of the most electronegative elements (X=F, O, N). Ligand-field inversion in all these [(CF3 )3 AuX]- species results in the localization of unpaired electrons at the N and O atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Pérez‐Bitrián
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (iSQCH)CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza50009ZaragozaSpain
| | - Santiago Alvarez
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica Facultat de QuímicaUniversitat de Barcelona08028BarcelonaSpain
| | - Miguel Baya
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (iSQCH)CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza50009ZaragozaSpain
| | - Jorge Echeverría
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (iSQCH)CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza50009ZaragozaSpain
| | - Antonio Martín
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (iSQCH)CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza50009ZaragozaSpain
| | - Jesús Orduna
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA)CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza50009ZaragozaSpain
| | - Babil Menjón
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (iSQCH)CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza50009ZaragozaSpain
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14
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Ye YL, Wang WL, Sun WM, Yang J. Polymeric tungsten carbide nanoclusters as potential non-noble metal catalysts for CO oxidation. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:18231-18240. [PMID: 36468662 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr06097c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of tungsten carbide (WC) as an analog of the noble metal Pt atom is of great significance toward designing novel highly-active catalysts from the viewpoint of the superatom concept. The potential of such a superatom to serve as building blocks of replacement catalysts for Pt has been evaluated in this work. The electronic properties, adsorption behaviors, and catalytic mechanisms towards the CO oxidation of (WC)n and Ptn (n = 1, 2, 4, and 6) were compared. Counterintuitively, these studied (WC)n clusters exhibit quite different electronic properties and adsorption behaviours from the corresponding Ptn species. For instance, (WC)n preferentially adsorbs O2, whereas Ptn tends to first combine with CO. Even so, it is interesting to find that the catalytic performances of (WC)n are always superior to the corresponding Ptn, and especially, the largest (WC)6 cluster exhibits the best catalytic ability towards CO oxidation. Therefore, assembling superatomic WC clusters into larger polymeric clusters can be regarded as a novel strategy to develop efficient superatom-assembled catalysts for CO oxidation. It is highly expected to see the realization of non-noble metal catalysts for various reactions in the near future experiments by using superatoms as building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ling Ye
- Department of Basic Chemistry, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wen-Lu Wang
- Department of Basic Chemistry, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei-Ming Sun
- Department of Basic Chemistry, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, People's Republic of China.
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jinlong Yang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Zhang J, Xiao Z, Wang L, Zhang X, Li G. Balancing Ni
0
and Ni
2+
on γ‐Al
2
O
3
for Efficient Steam Methane Reforming. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Zhourong Xiao
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Yanshan University Qinhuangdao 066004 China
| | - Li Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations Tianjin 300192 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Xiangwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations Tianjin 300192 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Guozhu Li
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations Tianjin 300192 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin 300072 China
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16
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Zhao J, Qi L, Li W, Cheng J, Li Q, Liu S. CH4 activation by PtX+ (X = F, Cl, Br, I). Front Chem 2022; 10:1027465. [PMID: 36226113 PMCID: PMC9548706 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1027465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactions of PtX+ (X = F, Cl, Br, I) with methane have been investigated at the density functional theory (DFT) level. These reactions take place more easily along the low-spin potential energy surface. For HX (X = F, Cl, Br, I) elimination, the formal oxidation state of the metal ion appears to be conserved, and the importance of this reaction channel decreases in going as the sequence: X = F, Cl, Br, I. A reversed trend is observed in the loss of H2 for X = F, Cl, Br, while it is not favorable for PtI+ in the loss of either HI or H2. For HX eliminations, the transfer form of H is from proton to atom, last to hydride, and the mechanisms are from PCET to HAT, last to HT for the sequence of X = F, Cl, Br, I. One reason is mainly due to the electronegativity of halogens. Otherwise, the mechanisms of HX eliminations also can be explained by the analysis of Frontier Molecular Orbitals. While for the loss of H2, the transfer of H is in the form of hydride for all the X ligands. Noncovalent interactions analysis also can be explained the reaction mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wenzuo Li
- *Correspondence: Wenzuo Li, ; Qingzhong Li, ; Shaoli Liu,
| | | | - Qingzhong Li
- *Correspondence: Wenzuo Li, ; Qingzhong Li, ; Shaoli Liu,
| | - Shaoli Liu
- *Correspondence: Wenzuo Li, ; Qingzhong Li, ; Shaoli Liu,
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17
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Perspectives of Gas Phase Ion Chemistry: Spectroscopy and Modeling. CONDENSED MATTER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/condmat7030046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The study of ions in the gas phase has a long history and has involved both chemists and physicists. The interplay of their competences with the use of very sophisticated commercial and/or homemade instrumentations and theoretical models has improved the knowledge of thermodynamics and kinetics of many chemical reactions, even if still many stages of these processes need to be fully understood. The new technologies and the novel free-electron laser facilities based on plasma acceleration open new opportunities to investigate the chemical reactions in some unrevealed fundamental aspects. The synchrotron light source can be put beside the FELs, and by mass spectrometric techniques and spectroscopies coupled with versatile ion sources it is possible to really change the state of the art of the ion chemistry in different areas such as atmospheric and astro chemistry, plasma chemistry, biophysics, and interstellar medium (ISM). In this manuscript we review the works performed by a joint combination of the experimental studies of ion–molecule reactions with synchrotron radiation and theoretical models adapted and developed to the experimental evidence. The review concludes with the perspectives of ion–molecule reactions by using FEL instrumentations as well as pump probe measurements and the initial attempt in the development of more realistic theoretical models for the prospective improvement of our predictive capability.
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18
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Li YK, Müller F, Schöllkopf W, Asmis KR, Sauer J. Gas-Phase Mechanism of O .- /Ni 2+ -Mediated Methane Conversion to Formaldehyde. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202202297. [PMID: 35460320 PMCID: PMC9400983 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202202297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The gas-phase reaction of NiAl2 O4 + with CH4 is studied by mass spectrometry in combination with vibrational action spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT). Two product ions, NiAl2 O4 H+ and NiAl2 O3 H2 + , are identified in the mass spectra. The DFT calculations predict that the global minimum-energy isomer of NiAl2 O4 + contains Ni in the +II oxidation state and features a terminal Al-O.- oxygen radical site. They show that methane can react along two competing pathways leading to formation of either a methyl radical (CH3 ⋅) or formaldehyde (CH2 O). Both reactions are initiated by hydrogen atom transfer from methane to the terminal O.- site, followed by either CH3 ⋅ loss or CH3 ⋅ migration to an O2- site next to the Ni2+ center. The CH3 ⋅ attaches as CH3 + to O2- and its unpaired electron is transferred to the Ni-center reducing it to Ni+ . The proposed mechanism is experimentally confirmed by vibrational spectroscopy of the reactant and two different product ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ke Li
- Wilhelm-Ostwald Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstr. 2, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Present address: Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Fabian Müller
- Wilhelm-Ostwald Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstr. 2, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wieland Schöllkopf
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Knut R Asmis
- Wilhelm-Ostwald Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstr. 2, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Joachim Sauer
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099, Berlin, Germany
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19
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Lustemberg PG, Senanayake SD, Rodriguez JA, Ganduglia-Pirovano MV. Tuning Selectivity in the Direct Conversion of Methane to Methanol: Bimetallic Synergistic Effects on the Cleavage of C-H and O-H Bonds over NiCu/CeO 2 Catalysts. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:5589-5596. [PMID: 35699247 PMCID: PMC9234976 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The efficient activation of methane and the simultaneous water dissociation are crucial in many catalytic reactions on oxide-supported transition metal catalysts. On very low-loaded Ni/CeO2 surfaces, methane easily fully decomposes, CH4 → C + 4H, and water dissociates, H2O→ OH + H. However, in important reactions such as the direct oxidation of methane to methanol (MTM), where complex interplay exists between reactants (CH4, O2), it is desirable to avoid the complete dehydrogenation of methane to carbon. Remarkably, the barrier for the activation of C-H bonds in CHx (x = 1-3) species on Ni/CeO2 surfaces can be manipulated by adding Cu, forming bimetallic NiCu clusters, whereas the ease for cleavage of O-H bonds in water is not affected by ensemble effects, as obtained from density functional theory-based calculations. CH4 activation occurs only on Ni sites, and H2O activation occurs on both Ni and Cu sites. The MTM reaction pathway for the example of the Ni3Cu1/CeO2 model catalyst predicts a higher selectivity and a lower activation barrier for methanol production, compared with that for Ni4/CeO2. These findings point toward a possible strategy to design active and stable catalysts which can be employed for methane activation and conversions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo G. Lustemberg
- Instituto
de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, CSIC, C/Marie Curie 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto
de Fisica Rosario (IFIR), CONICET-UNR, Bv. 27 de Febrero 210bis, 2000EZP Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Sanjaya D. Senanayake
- Chemistry
Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - José A. Rodriguez
- Chemistry
Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
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20
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Yang Y, Zhao Y, He S. Conversion of CH
4
Catalyzed by Gas Phase Ions Containing Metals. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200062. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yang
- Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Yan‐Xia Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Centre of Excellence in Molecular Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Sheng‐Gui He
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Centre of Excellence in Molecular Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
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21
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Li Y, Müller F, Schöllkopf W, Asmis KR, Sauer J. Gas‐Phase Mechanism of O
.−
/Ni
2+
‐Mediated Methane Conversion to Formaldehyde. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202202297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ya‐Ke Li
- Wilhelm-Ostwald Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie Universität Leipzig Linnéstr. 2 04103 Leipzig Germany
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Faradayweg 4–6 14195 Berlin Germany
- Present address: Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Fabian Müller
- Wilhelm-Ostwald Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie Universität Leipzig Linnéstr. 2 04103 Leipzig Germany
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Faradayweg 4–6 14195 Berlin Germany
- Institut für Chemie Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Unter den Linden 6 10099 Berlin Germany
| | - Wieland Schöllkopf
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Faradayweg 4–6 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Knut R. Asmis
- Wilhelm-Ostwald Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie Universität Leipzig Linnéstr. 2 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Joachim Sauer
- Institut für Chemie Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Unter den Linden 6 10099 Berlin Germany
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22
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Shafi Z, Gibson JK. Lanthanide Complexes Containing a Terminal Ln═O Oxo Bond: Revealing Higher Stability of Tetravalent Praseodymium versus Terbium. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:7075-7087. [PMID: 35476904 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report on the reactivity of gas-phase lanthanide-oxide nitrate complexes, [Ln(O)(NO3)3]- (denoted LnO2+), produced via elimination of NO2• from trivalent [LnIII(NO3)4]- (Ln = Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Tb, Dy). These complexes feature a LnIII-O• oxyl, a LnIV═O oxo, or an intermediate LnIII/IV oxyl/oxo bond, depending on the accessibility of the tetravalent LnIV state. Hydrogen atom abstraction reactivity of the LnO2+ complexes to form unambiguously trivalent [LnIII(OH)(NO3)3]- reveals the nature of the oxide bond. The result of slower reactivity of PrO2+ versus TbO2+ is considered to indicate higher stability of the tetravalent praseodymium-oxo, PrIV═O, versus TbIV═O. This is the first report of PrIV as more stable than TbIV, which is discussed with respect to ionization potentials, standard electrode potentials, atomic promotion energies, and oxo bond covalency via 4f- and/or 5d-orbital participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziad Shafi
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - John K Gibson
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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23
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Guo M, Yi Q, Cui C, Gan W, Luo Z. Gas-Phase Synthesis of Metal Olefins: Plasma-Assisted Methane Dehydrogenation and C═C Bond Formation. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:1123-1131. [PMID: 35166550 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c10012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Methane dehydrogenation and C-C coupling under mild conditions are very important but challenging in chemistry. Utilizing a customized time of flight mass spectrometer combined with a magnetron sputtering (MagS) cluster source, here, we have conducted a study on the reactions of methane with small silver and copper clusters simply by introducing methane in argon as the working gas for sputtering. Interestingly, a series of [M(CnH2n)]+ (M = Cu and Ag; n = 2-12) clusters were observed, indicating high-efficiency methane dehydrogenation in such a plasma-assisted chamber system. Density functional theory calculations find the lowest energy structures of the [M(CnH2n)]+ series pertaining to olefins indicative of both C-H bond activation of methane and C-C bond coupling. We analyzed the interactions involved in the [Cu(CnH2n)]+ and [Ag(CnH2n)]+ (n = 1-6) clusters and demonstrated the reaction coordinates for the "Cu+ + CH4" and "Ag+ + CH4." It is illustrated that the presence of a second methane molecule enables us to reduce the necessary energy of dehydrogenation, which concurs with the experimental observation of an absence of the metal carbine products Cu+CH2 and Ag+CH2, which are short-lived. Also, it is elucidated that the higher-lying excitation states of Cu+ and Ag+ ions enable more favorable dehydrogenation process and C═C bond formation, shedding light on the plasma assistance of the essence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdi Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, China.,School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Qiuhao Yi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, China.,School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Chaonan Cui
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, China
| | - Wen Gan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, China.,School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Zhixun Luo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, China.,School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
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24
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Sweeny BC, Long BA, Viggiano AA, Ard SG, Shuman NS. Effect of Intersystem Crossings on the Kinetics of Thermal Ion-Molecule Reactions: Ti + + O 2, CO 2, and N 2O. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:859-869. [PMID: 35107288 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c10196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A selected-ion flow tube apparatus has been used to measure rate constants and product branching fractions of 2Ti+ reacting with O2, CO2, and N2O over the range of 200-600 K. Ti+ + O2 proceeds at near the Langevin capture rate constant of 6-7 × 10-10 cm3 s-1 at all temperatures to yield 4TiO+ + O. Reactions initiated on doublet or quartet surfaces are formally spin-allowed; however, the 50% of reactions initiated on sextet surfaces must undergo an intersystem crossing (ISC). Statistical theory is used to calculate the energy and angular momentum dependences of the specific rate constants for the competing isomerization and dissociation channels. This acts as an internal clock on the lifetime to ISC, setting an upper limit on the order of τISC < 1e-11 s. 2Ti+ + CO2 produces 4TiO+ + CO less efficiently, with a rate constant fit as 5.5 ± 1.3 × 10-11 (T/300)-1.1 ± 0.2 cm3 s-1. The reaction is formally spin-prohibited, and statistical modeling shows that ISC, not a submerged transition state, is rate-limiting, occurring with a lifetime on the order of 10-7 s. Ti+ + N2O proceeds at near the capture rate constant. In this case, both Ti+ON2 and Ti+N2O entrance channel complexes are formed and can interconvert over a barrier. The main product is >90% TiO+ + N2, and the remainder is TiN+ + NO. Both channels need to undergo ISC to form ground-state products but TiO+ can be formed in an excited state exothermically. Therefore, kinetic information is obtained only for the TiN+ channel, where ISC occurs with a lifetime on the order of 10-9 s. Statistical modeling indicates that the dipole-preferred Ti+ON2 complex is formed in ∼80% of collisions, and this value is reproduced using a capture model based on the generic ion-dipole + quadrupole long-range potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan C Sweeny
- Institute for Scientific Research, Boston College, Boston, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Bryan A Long
- NRC Postdoc at Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico 87117, United States
| | - Albert A Viggiano
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico 87117, United States
| | - Shaun G Ard
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico 87117, United States
| | - Nicholas S Shuman
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico 87117, United States
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25
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Liu G, Ariyarathna IR, Zhu Z, Ciborowski SM, Miliordos E, Bowen KH. Molecular-level electrocatalytic CO 2 reduction reaction mediated by single platinum atoms. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:4226-4231. [PMID: 35132978 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05189j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The activation and transformation of H2O and CO2 mediated by electrons and single Pt atoms is demonstrated at the molecular level. The reaction mechanism is revealed by the synergy of mass spectrometry, photoelectron spectroscopy, and quantum chemical calculations. Specifically, a Pt atom captures an electron and activates H2O to form a H-Pt-OH- complex. This complex reacts with CO2via two different pathways to form formate, where CO2 is hydrogenated, or to form bicarbonate, where CO2 is carbonated. The overall formula of this reaction is identical to a typical electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction on a Pt electrode. Since the reactants are electrons and isolated, single atoms and molecules, we term this reaction a molecular-level electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction. Mechanistic analysis reveals that the negative charge distribution on the Pt-H and the -OH moieties in H-Pt-OH- is critical for the hydrogenation and carbonation of CO2. The realization of the molecular-level CO2 reduction reaction provides insights into the design of novel catalysts for the electrochemical conversion of CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoxiang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
| | - Isuru R Ariyarathna
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
| | - Zhaoguo Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
| | - Sandra M Ciborowski
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
| | - Evangelos Miliordos
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
| | - Kit H Bowen
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
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26
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Wang Z, Fang W, Peng W, Wu P, Wang B. Recent Computational Insights into the Oxygen Activation by Copper-Dependent Metalloenzymes. Top Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-021-01444-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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27
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Li W, Wu H, Ding X, Wu X. The cycloaddition reaction of ethylene and methane mediated by Ir+ to generate a half-sandwich structure IrHCp+. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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28
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Ren Y, Yang Y, Zhao YX, He SG. Conversion of Methane with Oxygen to Produce Hydrogen Catalyzed by Triatomic Rh 3 - Cluster Anion. JACS AU 2022; 2:197-203. [PMID: 35098236 PMCID: PMC8790732 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Metal catalysts, especially noble metals, have frequently been prepared upon downsizing from nanoparticles to subnanoclusters to catalyze the important reaction of partial oxidation of methane (POM) in order to optimize the catalytic performance and conserve metal resources. Here, benefiting from mass spectrometric experiments in conjunction with photoelectron spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations, we successfully determine that metal cluster anions composed of only three Rh atoms (Rh3 -) can catalyze the POM reaction with O2 to produce 2H2 + CO2 under thermal collision conditions (∼300 K). The interdependence between CH4 and O2 to protect Rh3 - from collapse and to promote conversion of CH4 → 2H2 has been clarified. This study not only provides a promising metal cluster displaying good catalytic behavior in POM reaction under mild conditions but also reveals a strictly molecular-level mechanism of direct partial oxidation for the production of hydrogen, a promising renewable energy source in the 21st century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ren
- State
Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Yang
- State
Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Xia Zhao
- State
Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education
Centre of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Sheng-Gui He
- State
Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education
Centre of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R.
China
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29
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Mou LH, Li Y, Wei GP, Li ZY, Liu QY, Chen H, He SG. Mutual Functionalization of Dinitrogen and Methane Mediated by Heteronuclear Metal Cluster Anions CoTaC2−. Chem Sci 2022; 13:9366-9372. [PMID: 36093004 PMCID: PMC9384824 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc02416k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The direct coupling of dinitrogen (N2) and methane (CH4) to construct the N–C bond is a fascinating but challenging approach for the energy-saving synthesis of N-containing organic compounds. Herein we identified a likely reaction pathway for N–C coupling from N2 and CH4 mediated by heteronuclear metal cluster anions CoTaC2−, which starts with the dissociative adsorption of N2 on CoTaC2− to generate a Taδ+–Ntδ− (terminal-nitrogen) Lewis acid–base pair (LABP), followed by the further activation of CH4 by CoTaC2N2− to construct the N–C bond. The N
Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019
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N cleavage by CoTaC2− affording two N atoms with strong charge buffering ability plays a key part, which facilitates the H3C–H cleavage via the LABP mechanism and the N–C formation via a CH3 migration mechanism. A novel Nt triggering strategy to couple N2 and CH4 molecules using metal clusters was accordingly proposed, which provides a new idea for the direct synthesis of N-containing compounds. A possible N–C bond formation directly from N2 and CH4 mediated by heteronuclear metal cluster anions CoTaC2− at room temperature was identified.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hui Mou
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Yao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Gong-Ping Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Zi-Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Qing-Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Hui Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Sheng-Gui He
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
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30
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Yan L, Li S, Zhou S. On the origin of reactivity variation upon sequential ligation: the [Re(Cl) x] +/CH 4 ( x = 1-3) couples. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:24319-24327. [PMID: 34673861 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03468e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The potential of [ReClx]+ (x = 1-3) in activating methane has been explored by using a combination of gas-phase experiments and high-level quantum calculations. When the number of Cl ligands increases, the reactivity towards methane activation varies accordingly. While [ReClx]+ (x = 1-2) are able to dehydrogenate methane by a three-state reactivity scenario, [ReCl3]+ shows inertness towards methane at ambient conditions. Furthermore, the product ion [ClRe(H)CH]+ of the [ReCl]+/CH4 couple could continue to activate methane and liberate molecular dihydrogen but another product ion [Cl2ReCH2]+ is unreactive with methane. Obviously, the nature and the number of ligands make a difference to the reactivity towards methane activation. The associated reaction mechanism and the electron origins for the rather different reactivities are discussed in detail. Finally and more importantly, instructive information concerning the rational design of Re-catalysts for methane conversion is obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghui Yan
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, Zhejiang University, 310027 Hangzhou, P. R. China. .,Institute of Zhejiang University - Quzhou, 78 Jiuhua Boulevard North, 324000 Quzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shihan Li
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, Zhejiang University, 310027 Hangzhou, P. R. China. .,Institute of Zhejiang University - Quzhou, 78 Jiuhua Boulevard North, 324000 Quzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shaodong Zhou
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, Zhejiang University, 310027 Hangzhou, P. R. China. .,Institute of Zhejiang University - Quzhou, 78 Jiuhua Boulevard North, 324000 Quzhou, P. R. China
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31
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Wu H, Wu XN, Jin X, Zhou Y, Li W, Ji C, Zhou M. Quadruple C-H Bond Activations of Methane by Dinuclear Rhodium Carbide Cation [Rh 2C 3] . JACS AU 2021; 1:1631-1638. [PMID: 34723266 PMCID: PMC8549038 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The structure of the [Rh2C3]+ ion and its reaction with CH4 in the gas phase have been studied by infrared photodissociation spectroscopy and mass spectrometry in conjunction with quantum chemical calculations. The [Rh2C3]+ ion is characterized to have an unsymmetrical linear [Rh-C-C-C-Rh]+ structure existing in two nearly isoenergetic spin states. The [Rh2C3]+ ion reacts with CH4 at room temperature to form [Rh2C]+ + C3H4 and [Rh2C2H2]+ + C2H2 as the major products. In addition to the [Rh2C]+ ion, the [Rh2 13C]+ ion is formed at about one-half of the [Rh2C]+ intensity when the isotopic-labeled 13CH4 sample is used. The production of [Rh2 13C]+ indicates that the linear C3 moiety of [Rh2C3]+ can be replaced by the bare carbon atom of methane with all four C-H bonds being activated. The calculations suggest that the overall reactions are thermodynamically exothermic, and that the two Rh centers are the reactive sites for C-H bond activation and hydrogen atom transfer reactions.
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32
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Ruan M, Zhao YX, Zhang MQ, He SG. Methane Activation by (MoO 3 ) 5 O - Cluster Anions: The Importance of Orbital Orientation. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202103321. [PMID: 34672031 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity of the molybdenum oxide cluster anion (MoO3 )5 O- , bearing an unpaired electron at a bridging oxygen atom (Ob .- ), towards methane under thermal collision conditions has been studied by mass spectrometry and density functional theory calculations. This reaction follows the mechanism of hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) and is facilitated by the Ob .- radical center. The reactivity of (MoO3 )5 O- can be traced back to the appropriate orientation of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMO) that is essentially the 2p orbital of the Ob .- atom. This study not only makes up the blank of thermal methane activation by the Ob .- radical on negatively charged clusters but also yields new insights into methane activation by the atomic oxygen radical anions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Ruan
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Centre of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Xia Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Centre of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Mei-Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Sheng-Gui He
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Centre of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
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33
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Chu LY, Wang M, Ma JB. Conversion of carbon dioxide to a novel molecule NCNBO - mediated by NbBN 2- anions at room temperature. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:22613-22619. [PMID: 34596195 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03613k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The activation of carbon dioxide (CO2) mediated by NbBN2- cluster anions under the conditions of thermal collision has been investigated by time-of-flight mass spectrometry combined with density functional theory calculations. Two CO double bonds in the CO2 molecule are completely broken and two C-N bonds are further generated to form the novel molecule NCNBO-. To the best of our knowledge, this new molecule is synthesized and reported for the first time. In addition, one oxygen atom transfer channel produces another product, NbBN2O-. Both of the Nb and B atoms in NbBN2- donate electrons to reduce CO2, and the carbon atom originating from CO2 serves as an electron reservoir. The reaction of NbB- with N2 was also investigated theoretically, and the formation of NbBN2- from this reaction is thermodynamically and kinetically quite favorable, indicating that NCNBO- might be produced from the coupling of N2 and CO2 mediated by NbB- anions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Ye Chu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China.
| | - Ming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China.
| | - Jia-Bi Ma
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China.
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34
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The Reactive Sites of Methane Activation: A Comparison of IrC 3+ with PtC 3. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26196028. [PMID: 34641573 PMCID: PMC8512126 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26196028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation reactions of methane mediated by metal carbide ions MC3+ (M = Ir and Pt) were comparatively studied at room temperature using the techniques of mass spectrometry in conjunction with theoretical calculations. MC3+ (M = Ir and Pt) ions reacted with CH4 at room temperature forming MC2H2+/C2H2 and MC4H2+/H2 as the major products for both systems. Besides that, PtC3+ could abstract a hydrogen atom from CH4 to generate PtC3H+/CH3, while IrC3+ could not. Quantum chemical calculations showed that the MC3+ (M = Ir and Pt) ions have a linear M-C-C-C structure. The first C-H activation took place on the Ir atom for IrC3+. The terminal carbon atom was the reactive site for the first C-H bond activation of PtC3+, which was beneficial to generate PtC3H+/CH3. The orbitals of the different metal influence the selection of the reactive sites for methane activation, which results in the different reaction channels. This study investigates the molecular-level mechanisms of the reactive sites of methane activation.
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35
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Shen Y, Du Q, Zhao Y, Zhou S, Zhao J. Methane conversion by transition metal-doped vanadium oxide clusters. Chem Phys Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2021.138829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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36
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Lustemberg PG, Mao Z, Salcedo A, Irigoyen B, Ganduglia-Pirovano MV, Campbell CT. Nature of the Active Sites on Ni/CeO 2 Catalysts for Methane Conversions. ACS Catal 2021; 11:10604-10613. [PMID: 34484854 PMCID: PMC8411779 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c02154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Effective
catalysts for the direct conversion of methane to methanol
and for methane’s dry reforming to syngas are Holy Grails of
catalysis research toward clean energy technologies. It has recently
been discovered that Ni at low loadings on CeO2(111) is
very active for both of these reactions. Revealing the nature of the
active sites in such systems is paramount to a rational design of
improved catalysts. Here, we correlate experimental measurements on
the CeO2(111) surface to show that the most active sites
are cationic Ni atoms in clusters at step edges, with a small size
wherein they have the highest Ni chemical potential. We clarify the
reasons for this observation using density functional theory calculations.
Focusing on the activation barrier for C–H bond cleavage during
the dissociative adsorption of CH4 as an example, we show
that the size and morphology of the supported Ni nanoparticles together
with strong Ni-support bonding and charge transfer at the step edge
are key to the high catalytic activity. We anticipate that this knowledge
will inspire the development of more efficient catalysts for these
reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo G. Lustemberg
- Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica (ICP-CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Física Rosario (IFIR-CONICET) and Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), S2000EKF Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Zhongtian Mao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Agustín Salcedo
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Tecnologías del Hidrógeno y Energías Sostenibles (ITHES, CONICET-UBA), Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Beatriz Irigoyen
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Tecnologías del Hidrógeno y Energías Sostenibles (ITHES, CONICET-UBA), Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Charles T. Campbell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
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Grünwald A, Anjana SS, Munz D. Terminal Imido Complexes of the Groups 9–11: Electronic Structure and Developments in the Last Decade. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Annette Grünwald
- Inorganic Chemistry: Coordination Chemistry Saarland University Campus Geb. C4.1 66123 Saarbücken Germany
- Inorganic and General Chemistry Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstr. 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - S. S. Anjana
- Inorganic Chemistry: Coordination Chemistry Saarland University Campus Geb. C4.1 66123 Saarbücken Germany
| | - Dominik Munz
- Inorganic Chemistry: Coordination Chemistry Saarland University Campus Geb. C4.1 66123 Saarbücken Germany
- Inorganic and General Chemistry Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstr. 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
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38
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Salvitti C, Rosi M, Pepi F, Troiani A, de Petris G. Reactivity of transition metal dioxide anions MO2− (M = Co, Ni, Cu, Zn) with sulfur dioxide in the gas phase: An experimental and theoretical study. Chem Phys Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2021.138555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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39
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Salcedo A, Lustemberg PG, Rui N, Palomino RM, Liu Z, Nemsak S, Senanayake SD, Rodriguez JA, Ganduglia-Pirovano MV, Irigoyen B. Reaction Pathway for Coke-Free Methane Steam Reforming on a Ni/CeO 2 Catalyst: Active Sites and the Role of Metal-Support Interactions. ACS Catal 2021; 11:8327-8337. [PMID: 34306812 PMCID: PMC8294006 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Methane steam reforming
(MSR) plays a key role in the production
of syngas and hydrogen from natural gas. The increasing interest in
the use of hydrogen for fuel cell applications demands development
of catalysts with high activity at reduced operating temperatures.
Ni-based catalysts are promising systems because of their high activity
and low cost, but coke formation generally poses a severe problem.
Studies of ambient-pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (AP-XPS)
indicate that CH4/H2O gas mixtures react with
Ni/CeO2(111) surfaces to form OH, CHx, and CHxO at 300 K. All of these
species are easy to form and desorb at temperatures below 700 K when
the rate of the MSR process is accelerated. Density functional theory
(DFT) modeling of the reaction over ceria-supported small Ni nanoparticles
predicts relatively low activation barriers between 0.3 and 0.7 eV
for complete dehydrogenation of methane to carbon and the barrierless
activation of water at interfacial Ni sites. Hydroxyls resulting from
water activation allow for CO formation via a COH intermediate with
a barrier of about 0.9 eV, which is much lower than that through a
pathway involving lattice oxygen from ceria. Neither methane nor water
activation is a rate-determining step, and the OH-assisted CO formation
through the COH intermediate constitutes a low-barrier pathway that
prevents carbon accumulation. The interactions between Ni and the
ceria support and the low metal loading are crucial for the reaction
to proceed in a coke-free and efficient way. These results pave the
way for further advances in the design of stable and highly active
Ni-based catalysts for hydrogen production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustín Salcedo
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Tecnologías del Hidrógeno y Energías Sostenibles (ITHES, CONICET-UBA), Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo G. Lustemberg
- Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica (ICP, CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Física Rosario (IFIR, CONICET-UNR), S2000EKF Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Ning Rui
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Robert M. Palomino
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Zongyuan Liu
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Slavomir Nemsak
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Sanjaya D. Senanayake
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - José A. Rodriguez
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | | | - Beatriz Irigoyen
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Tecnologías del Hidrógeno y Energías Sostenibles (ITHES, CONICET-UBA), Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina
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40
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Zhao YX, Zhao XG, Yang Y, Ruan M, He SG. Rhodium chemistry: A gas phase cluster study. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:180901. [PMID: 34241019 DOI: 10.1063/5.0046529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the extraordinary catalytic activity in redox reactions, the noble metal, rhodium, has substantial industrial and laboratory applications in the production of value-added chemicals, synthesis of biomedicine, removal of automotive exhaust gas, and so on. The main drawback of rhodium catalysts is its high-cost, so it is of great importance to maximize the atomic efficiency of the precious metal by recognizing the structure-activity relationship of catalytically active sites and clarifying the root cause of the exceptional performance. This Perspective concerns the significant progress on the fundamental understanding of rhodium chemistry at a strictly molecular level by the joint experimental and computational study of the reactivity of isolated Rh-based gas phase clusters that can serve as ideal models for the active sites of condensed-phase catalysts. The substrates cover the important organic and inorganic molecules including CH4, CO, NO, N2, and H2. The electronic origin for the reactivity evolution of bare Rhx q clusters as a function of size is revealed. The doping effect and support effect as well as the synergistic effect among heteroatoms on the reactivity and product selectivity of Rh-containing species are discussed. The ingenious employment of diverse experimental techniques to assist the Rh1- and Rh2-doped clusters in catalyzing the challenging endothermic reactions is also emphasized. It turns out that the chemical behavior of Rh identified from the gas phase cluster study parallels the performance of condensed-phase rhodium catalysts. The mechanistic aspects derived from Rh-based cluster systems may provide new clues for the design of better performing rhodium catalysts including the single Rh atom catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Xia Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi-Guan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Man Ruan
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Gui He
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
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41
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Pascher TF, Ončák M, van der Linde C, Beyer MK. Spectroscopy and photochemistry of copper nitrate clusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:9911-9920. [PMID: 33908510 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00629k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The investigation of copper nitrate cluster anions Cu(ii)n(NO3)2n+1-, n ≤ 4, in the gas phase using ultraviolet/visible/near-infrared (UV/vis/NIR) spectroscopy provides detailed insight into the electronic structure of the copper salt and its intriguing photochemistry. In the experimentally studied region up to 5.5 eV, the spectra of copper(ii) nitrate exhibit a 3d-3d band in the vis/NIR and well-separated bands in the UV. The latter bands originate from Ligand-to-Metal Charge Transfer (LMCT) as well as n-π* transitions in the nitrate ligands. The clusters predominantly decompose by loss of neutral copper nitrate in the electronic ground state after internal conversion or via the photochemical loss of a neutral NO3 ligand after a LMCT. These two decomposition channels are in direct competition on the ground state potential energy surface for the smallest copper nitrate cluster, Cu(ii)(NO3)3-. Here, copper nitrate evaporation is thermochemically less favorable. Population of π* orbitals in the nitrate ligands may lead to N-O bond photolysis. This is observed in the UV region with a small quantum efficiency, with photochemical loss of either nitrogen dioxide or an oxygen atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias F Pascher
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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42
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Ard SG, Viggiano AA, Shuman NS. Old School Techniques with Modern Capabilities: Kinetics Determination of Dynamical Information Such as Barriers, Multiple Entrance Channel Complexes, Product States, Spin Crossings, and Size Effects in Metallic Ion–Molecule Reactions. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:3503-3527. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c11395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaun G. Ard
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland Air Force Base, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87117, United States
| | - Albert A. Viggiano
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland Air Force Base, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87117, United States
| | - Nicholas S. Shuman
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland Air Force Base, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87117, United States
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43
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Peng W, Qu X, Shaik S, Wang B. Deciphering the oxygen activation mechanism at the CuC site of particulate methane monooxygenase. Nat Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1038/s41929-021-00591-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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44
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Mondal T, Shaik S, Kenttämaa H, Stuyver T. Modulating the radical reactivity of phenyl radicals with the help of distonic charges: it is all about electrostatic catalysis. Chem Sci 2021; 12:4800-4809. [PMID: 34163733 PMCID: PMC8179573 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc07111k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This manuscript reports the modulation of H-abstraction reactivity of phenyl radicals by (positive and negative) distonic ions. Specifically, we focus on the origins of this modulating effect: can the charged functional groups truly be described as "extreme forms of electron-withdrawing/donating substituents" - implying a through-bond mechanism - as argued in the literature, or is the modulation mainly caused by through-space effects? Our analysis indicates that the effect of the remote charges can be mimicked almost perfectly with the help of a purely electrostatic treatment, i.e. replacing the charged functional groups by a simple uniform electric field is sufficient to recover the quantitative reactivity trends. Hence, through-space effects dominate, whereas through-bond effects play a minor role at best. We elucidate our results through a careful Valence Bond (VB) analysis and demonstrate that such a qualitative analysis not only reveals through-space dominance, but also demonstrates a remarkable reversal in the reactivity trends of a given polarity upon a rational modification of the reaction partner. As such, our findings demonstrate that VB theory can lead to productive predictions about the behaviour of distonic radical ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Totan Mondal
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University Jerusalem 91904 Israel
| | - Sason Shaik
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University Jerusalem 91904 Israel
| | - Hilkka Kenttämaa
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana 47907-1393 USA
| | - Thijs Stuyver
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University Jerusalem 91904 Israel
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45
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Zhang F, Gutiérrez RA, Lustemberg PG, Liu Z, Rui N, Wu T, Ramírez PJ, Xu W, Idriss H, Ganduglia-Pirovano MV, Senanayake SD, Rodriguez JA. Metal-Support Interactions and C1 Chemistry: Transforming Pt-CeO 2 into a Highly Active and Stable Catalyst for the Conversion of Carbon Dioxide and Methane. ACS Catal 2021; 11:1613-1623. [PMID: 34164226 PMCID: PMC8210818 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c04694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
![]()
There
is an ongoing search for materials which can accomplish the
activation of two dangerous greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and
methane. In the area of C1 chemistry, the reaction between CO2 and CH4 to produce syngas (CO/H2),
known as methane dry reforming (MDR), is attracting a lot of interest
due to its green nature. On Pt(111), high temperatures must be used
to activate the reactants, leading to a substantial deposition of
carbon which makes this metal surface useless for the MDR process.
In this study, we show that strong metal–support interactions
present in Pt/CeO2(111) and Pt/CeO2 powders
lead to systems which can bind CO2 and CH4 well
at room temperature and are excellent and stable catalysts for the
MDR process at moderate temperature (500 °C). The behavior of
these systems was studied using a combination of in situ/operando methods (AP-XPS, XRD, and XAFS) which pointed to an active Pt-CeO2-x interface. In this interface, the
oxide is far from being a passive spectator. It modifies the chemical
properties of Pt, facilitating improved methane dissociation, and
is directly involved in the adsorption and dissociation of CO2 making the MDR catalytic cycle possible. A comparison of
the benefits gained by the use of an effective metal-oxide interface
and those obtained by plain bimetallic bonding indicates that the
former is much more important when optimizing the C1 chemistry associated
with CO2 and CH4 conversion. The presence of
elements with a different chemical nature at the metal-oxide interface
opens the possibility for truly cooperative interactions in the activation
of C–O and C–H bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, SUNY at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Ramón A. Gutiérrez
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas 1020-A, Venezuela
| | - Pablo G. Lustemberg
- Instituto de Física Rosario (IFIR), CONICET-UNR, Bv. 27 de Febrero 210bis, Rosario, Santa Fe S2000EZP, Argentina
- Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, CSIC, C/Marie Curie 2, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Zongyuan Liu
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Ning Rui
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Tianpin Wu
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Pedro J. Ramírez
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas 1020-A, Venezuela
- Zoneca-CENEX, R&D Laboratories, Alta Vista, Monterrey 64770, México
| | - Wenqian Xu
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Hicham Idriss
- SABIC Corporate Research & Development (CRD), KAUST, Thuwal 29355, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Sanjaya D. Senanayake
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - José A. Rodriguez
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, SUNY at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
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46
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Zhao S, Ma L, Xi Y, Shang H, Lin X. Mechanistic insights into the C–H activation of methane mediated by the unsupported and silica-supported VO 2OH and CrOOH: a DFT study. RSC Adv 2021; 11:11295-11303. [PMID: 35423641 PMCID: PMC8695886 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10785a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The direct activation and conversion of methane has been a topic of interest in both academia and industry for several decades. Deep understanding of the corresponding mechanism and reactivity mediated by diverse catalytic clusters, as well as the supporting materials, is still highly desired. In this work, the regulation mechanism of C–H bond activation of methane, mediated by the closed-shell VO2OH, the open-shell CrOOH, and their silica supported clusters, has been investigated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The hydrogen-atom transfer (HAT) reaction towards methane C–H bond activation is more feasible when mediated by the unsupported/silica-supported CrOOH clusters versus the VO2OH clusters, due to the intrinsic spin density located on the terminal Ot atom. The proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) pathways are regulated by both the nucleophilicity of the Ot site and the electrophilicity of the metal center, which show no obvious difference in energy consumption among the four reactions examined. Moreover, the introduction of a silica support can lead to subtle influences on the intermolecular interaction between the CH4 molecule and the catalyst cluster, as well as the thermodynamics of the methane C–H activation. The support effect of silica was studied with DFT for the C–H bond activation of methane on a V(v) or a Cr(iii) site. Both of the PCET and HAT mechanisms were computationally characterized.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Shidong Zhao
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- China University of Petroleum (East China)
- Qingdao
- P. R. China
| | - Lishuang Ma
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- China University of Petroleum (East China)
- Qingdao
- P. R. China
| | - Yanyan Xi
- College of Chemical Engineering
- China University of Petroleum (East China)
- Qingdao
- P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing
| | - Hongyan Shang
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- China University of Petroleum (East China)
- Qingdao
- P. R. China
| | - Xufeng Lin
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- China University of Petroleum (East China)
- Qingdao
- P. R. China
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47
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Li L, Beckers H, Stüker T, Lindič T, Schlöder T, Andrae D, Riedel S. Molecular oxofluorides OMFn of nickel, palladium and platinum: oxyl radicals with moderate ligand field inversion. Inorg Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qi01151g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
High-valent late transition metal oxo compounds attracted attention because of their peculiar metal–oxygen bond. Their oxo ligands exhibit an electrophilic and distinct radical oxyl (O˙−) rather than the more common nucleophilic (O2−) character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Freie Universität Berlin
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie – Anorganische Chemie
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Helmut Beckers
- Freie Universität Berlin
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie – Anorganische Chemie
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Tony Stüker
- Freie Universität Berlin
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie – Anorganische Chemie
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Tilen Lindič
- Freie Universität Berlin
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie – Theoretische Chemie
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Tobias Schlöder
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie
- Institut für Nanotechnologie
- 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
| | - Dirk Andrae
- Freie Universität Berlin
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie – Theoretische Chemie
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Sebastian Riedel
- Freie Universität Berlin
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie – Anorganische Chemie
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
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48
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Li Y, Wang M, Ding YQ, Zhao CY, Ma JB. Consecutive methane activation mediated by single metal boride cluster anions NbB 4. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:12592-12599. [PMID: 34047332 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01418h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cleavage of all C-H bonds in two methane molecules by gas-phase cluster ions at room temperature is a challenging task. Herein, mass spectrometry and quantum chemical calculations have been used to identify one single metal boride cluster anions NbB4- that can activate eight C-H bonds in two methane molecules and release one H2 molecule each time under thermal collision conditions. In these consecutive reactions, the loaded Nb atoms and the support B4 units play different roles but act synergistically to activate CH4, which is responsible for the interesting reactivity of NbB4-. Moreover, there are some mechanistic differences in these two reactions, including the mechanisms for the first C-H bond activation steps, dihydrogen desorption sites, and major electron donors. This study shows that non-noble metal boride species are reactive enough to facilitate thermal C-H bond cleavages, and boron-based materials may be one kind of potential support material facilitating surface hydrogen transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, P. R. China.
| | - Ming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, P. R. China.
| | - Yong-Qi Ding
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, P. R. China.
| | - Chong-Yang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, P. R. China.
| | - Jia-Bi Ma
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, P. R. China.
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49
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Liu G, Ariyarathna IR, Ciborowski SM, Zhu Z, Miliordos E, Bowen KH. Simultaneous Functionalization of Methane and Carbon Dioxide Mediated by Single Platinum Atomic Anions. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:21556-21561. [PMID: 33307694 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c11112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometric analysis of the anionic products of interaction among Pt-, methane, and carbon dioxide shows that the methane activation complex, H3C-Pt-H-, reacts with CO2 to form [H3C-Pt-H(CO2)]-. Two hydrogenation and one C-C bond coupling products are identified as isomers of [H3C-Pt-H(CO2)]- by a synergy between anion photoelectron spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations. Mechanistic study reveals that both CH4 and CO2 are activated by the anionic Pt atom and that the successive depletion of the negative charge on Pt drives the CO2 insertion into the Pt-H and Pt-C bonds of H3C-Pt-H-. This study represents the first example of the simultaneous functionalization of CH4 and CO2 mediated by single atomic anions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoxiang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, Maryland 21218,United States
| | - Isuru R Ariyarathna
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Sandra M Ciborowski
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, Maryland 21218,United States
| | - Zhaoguo Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, Maryland 21218,United States
| | - Evangelos Miliordos
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Kit H Bowen
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, Maryland 21218,United States
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50
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Jaglan R, Mandal D. The role of potential energy surface in quantum mechanical tunneling: A computational perspective. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2020.112920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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