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Zheng H, Cai L, Pan M, Uyanik M, Ishihara K, Xue XS. Catalyst-Substrate Helical Character Matching Determines the Enantioselectivity in the Ishihara-Type Iodoarenes Catalyzed Asymmetric Kita-Dearomative Spirolactonization. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:7301-7312. [PMID: 36940192 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c13295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Catalyst design has traditionally focused on rigid structural elements to prevent conformational flexibility. Ishihara's elegant design of conformationally flexible C2-symmetric iodoarenes, a new class of privileged organocatalysts, for the catalytic asymmetric dearomatization (CADA) of naphthols is a notable exception. Despite the widespread use of the Ishihara catalysts for CADAs, the reaction mechanism remains the subject of debate, and the mode of asymmetric induction has not been well established. Here, we report an in-depth computational investigation of three possible mechanisms in the literature. Our results, however, reveal that this reaction is best rationalized by a fourth mechanism called "proton-transfer-coupled-dearomatization (PTCD)", which is predicted to be strongly favored over other competing pathways. The PTCD mechanism is consistent with a control experiment and further validated by applying it to rationalize the enantioselectivities. Oxidation of the flexible I(I) catalyst to catalytic active I(III) species induces a defined C2-symmetric helical chiral environment with a delicate balance between flexibility and rigidity. A match/mismatch effect between the active catalyst and the substrate's helical shape in the dearomatization transition states was observed. The helical shape match allows the active catalyst to adapt its conformation to maximize attractive noncovalent interactions, including I(III)···O halogen bond, N-H···O hydrogen bond, and π···π stacking, to stabilize the favored transition state. A stereochemical model capable of rationalizing the effect of catalyst structural variation on the enantioselectivities is developed. The present study enriches our understanding of how flexible catalysts achieve high stereoinduction and may serve as an inspiration for the future exploration of conformational flexibility for new catalyst designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanliang Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Liu Cai
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ming Pan
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Muhammet Uyanik
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University Furocho, Chikusaku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Ishihara
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University Furocho, Chikusaku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Xiao-Song Xue
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China.,School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024, P. R. China
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Jackman KMK, Liang G, Boyle PD, Zimmerman PM, Blacquiere JM. Changes in ligand coordination mode induce bimetallic C-C coupling pathways. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:3977-3991. [PMID: 35174382 PMCID: PMC8937615 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00322h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Carbon-carbon coupling is one of the most powerful tools in the organic synthesis arsenal. Known methodologies primarily exploit monometallic Pd0/PdII catalytic mechanisms to give new C-C bonds. Bimetallic C-C coupling mechanisms that involve a PdI/PdII redox cycle, remain underexplored. Thus, a detailed mechnaistic understanding is imperative for the development of new bimetallic catalysts. Previously, a PdII-Me dimer (1) supported by L1, which has phosphine and 1-azaallyl donor groups, underwent reductive elimination to give ethane, a PdI dimer, a PdII monometallic complex, and Pd black. Herein, a comprehensive experimental and computational study of the reactivity of 1 is presented, which reveals that the versatile coordination chemistry of L1 promotes bimetallic C-C bond formation. The phosphine 1-azaallyl ligand adopts various bridging modes to maintain the bimetallic structure throughout the C-C bond forming mechanism, which involves intramolecular methyl transfer and 1,1-reductive elimination from one of the palladium atoms. The minor byproduct, methane, likely forms through a monometallic intermediate that is sensitive to solvent C-H activation. Overall, the capacity of L1 to adopt different coordination modes promotes the bimetallic C-C coupling channel through pathways that are unattainable with statically-coordinated ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle M K Jackman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada, N6A 5B7.
| | - Guangchao Liang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
| | - Paul D Boyle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada, N6A 5B7.
| | - Paul M Zimmerman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
| | - Johanna M Blacquiere
- Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada, N6A 5B7.
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Unnikrishnan A, Sunoj RB. Iridium-Catalyzed Regioselective Borylation through C-H Activation and the Origin of Ligand-Dependent Regioselectivity Switching. J Org Chem 2021; 86:15618-15630. [PMID: 34598435 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Research efforts in catalytic regioselective borylation using C-H bond activation of arenes have gained considerable recent attention. The ligand-enabled regiocontrol, such as in the borylation of benzaldehyde, the selectivity could be switched from the ortho to meta position, under identical conditions, by just changing the external ligand (L) from 8-aminoquinoline (8-AQ) to tetramethylphenanthroline (TMP). The DFT(B3LYP-D3) computations helped us learn that the energetically preferred catalytic pathway includes the formation of an Ir-π-complex between the active catalyst [Ir(L)(Bpin)3] and benzaldimine, a C-H bond oxidative addition (OA) to form an Ir(V)aryl-hydride intermediate, and a reductive elimination to furnish the borylated benzaldehyde as the final product. The lowest energetic span (δEortho = 26 kcal/mol with 8-AQ) is noted in the ortho borylation pathway, with the OA transition state (TS) as the turnover-determining TS. The change in regiochemical preference to the meta borylation (δEmeta = 26) with TMP is identified. A hemilabile mode of 8-AQ participation is found to exhibit a δEortho of 24 kcal/mol for the ortho borylation, relative to that in the chelate mode (δEortho = 26 kcal/mol). The predicted regioselectivity switching is in good agreement with the earlier experimental observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju Unnikrishnan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Raghavan B Sunoj
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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Fang Z, Zhou J, Zhou X, Koffas MAG. Abiotic-biotic hybrid for CO 2 biomethanation: From electrochemical to photochemical process. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 791:148288. [PMID: 34118677 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Converting CO2 into sustainable fuels (e.g., CH4) has great significance to solve carbon emission and energy crisis. Generally, CO2 methanation needs abundant of energy input to overcome the eight-electron-transfer barrier. Abiotic-biotic hybrid system represents one of the cutting-edge technologies that use renewable electric/solar energy to realize eight-electron-transfer CO2 biomethanation. However, the incompatible abiotic-biotic hybrid can result in low efficiency of electron transfer and CO2 biomethanation. Herein, we present the comprehensive review to highlight how to design abiotic-biotic hybrid for electric/solar-driven CO2 biomethanation. We primarily introduce the CO2 biomethanation mechanism, and further summarize state-of-the-art electrochemical and photochemical CO2 biomethanation in hybrid systems. We also propose excellent synthetic biology strategies, which are useful to design tunable methanogenic microorganisms or enzymes when cooperating with electrode/semiconductor in hybrid systems. This review provides theoretical guidance of abiotic-biotic hybrid and also shows the bright future of sustainable fuel production in the form of CO2 biomethanation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Fang
- Biofuels Institute, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Jun Zhou
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xiangtong Zhou
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Mattheos A G Koffas
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
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Ranjan R, Kundu BK, Kyarikwal R, Ganguly R, Mukhopadhyay S. Synthesis of Cu(II) complexes by N,O‐donor ligand transformation and their catalytic role in visible‐light‐driven alcohol oxidation. Appl Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rishi Ranjan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences Indian Institute of Technology Indore Indore India
| | - Bidyut Kumar Kundu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Applied Science Centurion University of Technology and Management Bhubaneswar India
| | - Reena Kyarikwal
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences Indian Institute of Technology Indore Indore India
| | - Rakesh Ganguly
- Department of Chemistry Shiv Nadar University Greater Noida India
| | - Suman Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences Indian Institute of Technology Indore Indore India
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Indore Indore India
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Mechanism and selectivity on IrIII/RhIII-catalyzed coupling of terminal alkenes and dioxazolones: A DFT study. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2021.111679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Li G, Bi S. Substituent-controlled C-N coupling involved in Rh(III)-catalyzed oxidative [3+2] annulation of 2-acetyl-1-arylhydrazines with maleimides: A DFT study. J Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2020.121539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Meng R, Bi S, Jiang YY, Liu Y. C–H Activation versus Ring Opening and Inner- versus Outer-Sphere Concerted Metalation–Deprotonation in Rh(III)-Catalyzed Oxidative Coupling of Oxime Ether and Cyclopropanol: A Density Functional Theory Study. J Org Chem 2019; 84:11150-11160. [PMID: 31432674 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ran Meng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, People’s Republic of China
| | - Siwei Bi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Ye Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuxia Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, People’s Republic of China
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Rudenko AE, Clayman NE, Walker KL, Maclaren JK, Zimmerman PM, Waymouth RM. Ligand-Induced Reductive Elimination of Ethane from Azopyridine Palladium Dimethyl Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:11408-11415. [PMID: 30160962 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b06398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Reductive elimination (RE) is a critical step in many catalytic processes. The reductive elimination of unsaturated groups (aryl, vinyl and ethynyl) from Pd(II) species is considerably faster than RE of saturated alkyl groups. Pd(II) dimethyl complexes ligated by chelating diimine ligands are stable toward RE unless subjected to a thermal or redox stimulus. Herein, we report the spontaneous RE of ethane from (azpy)PdMe2 complexes and the unique role of the redox-active azopyridine (azpy) ligands in facilitating this reaction. The (azpy)PdMe2 complexes are air- and moisture-stable in the solid form, but they readily produce ethane upon dissolution in polar solvents at temperatures from 10 °C to room temperature without the need for an external oxidant or elevated temperatures. Experimental and computational studies indicate that a bimolecular methyl transfer precedes the reductive elimination step, where both steps are facilitated by the redox-active azopyridine ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey E Rudenko
- Department of Chemistry , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305-5080 , United States
| | - Naomi E Clayman
- Department of Chemistry , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305-5080 , United States
| | - Katherine L Walker
- Department of Chemistry , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305-5080 , United States
| | - Jana K Maclaren
- Stanford Nano Shared Facilities , Stanford University , 476 Lomita Mall , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Paul M Zimmerman
- Department of Chemistry , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109-1055 , United States
| | - Robert M Waymouth
- Department of Chemistry , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305-5080 , United States
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