1
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Hong P, Zhu X, Chen F, Huang M, Wan Y. CuSO 4/ N-(9 H-carbazol-9-yl)picolinamide-Catalyzed C-O Coupling of (Hetero)Aryl Chlorides with Phenols on Water. Org Lett 2024; 26:7202-7206. [PMID: 39167722 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
A Cu-catalyzed C-O coupling of (hetero)aryl chlorides with phenols at 120 °C on water was developed with a designed ligand, N-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)picolinamide (L2). This method features a good substrate scope (both electron-donating and electron-withdrawing), low catalyst/ligand loadings (down to 1 mol %), and excellent scalability and practicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Hong
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, P. R. China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Platform Chemicals from Marine Biomass and Their Functionalization, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, P. R. China
| | - Xinhai Zhu
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Platform Chemicals from Marine Biomass and Their Functionalization, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, P. R. China
- Instrument Analysis & Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Fu Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, P. R. China
| | - Manna Huang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, P. R. China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Platform Chemicals from Marine Biomass and Their Functionalization, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, P. R. China
| | - Yiqian Wan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, P. R. China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Platform Chemicals from Marine Biomass and Their Functionalization, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, P. R. China
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2
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Al-Hilfi S, Jiang X, Heuer J, Akula S, Tammeveski K, Hu G, Yang J, Wang HI, Bonn M, Landfester K, Müllen K, Zhou Y. Single-Atom Catalysts through Pressure-Controlled Metal Diffusion. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:19886-19895. [PMID: 38990188 PMCID: PMC11273616 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Single-atom catalysts (SACs) open up new possibilities for advanced technologies. However, a major complication in preparing high-density single-atom sites is the aggregation of single atoms into clusters. This complication stems from the delicate balance between the diffusion and stabilization of metal atoms during pyrolysis. Here, we present pressure-controlled metal diffusion as a new concept for fabricating ultra-high-density SACs. Reducing the pressure inhibits aggregation substantially, resulting in almost three times higher single-atom loadings than those obtained at ambient pressure. Molecular dynamics and computational fluid dynamics simulations reveal the role of a metal hopping mechanism, maximizing the metal atom distribution through an increased probability of metal-ligand binding. The investigation of the active site density by electrocatalytic oxygen reduction validates the robustness of our approach. The first realization of Ullmann-type carbon-oxygen couplings catalyzed on single Cu sites demonstrates further options for efficient heterogeneous catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir
H. Al-Hilfi
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu
University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Xikai Jiang
- State
Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Institute
of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Julian Heuer
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Srinu Akula
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kaido Tammeveski
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Guoqing Hu
- Department
of Engineering Mechanics, State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and
Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Juan Yang
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu
University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hai. I. Wang
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Nanophotonics,
Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Klaus Müllen
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Yazhou Zhou
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu
University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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3
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Li Z, Hong Z, Qian C, Chen X, Zhou S. General Construction of Asymmetric Amine Ethers via Efficient Transesterification. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303832. [PMID: 38085495 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
A novel method to prepare asymmetric amine ethers is reported. Tertiary amine alcohol hydrogen sulfate intermediates are prepared through a reactive distillation process, followed by the transesterification process to afford eventually asymmetric amine ethers. Experiments and DFT calculations revealed the essential roles the sulfate group plays in the highly selective monoesterification process. This clean method is tolerant towards various functional groups with good yields under mild condition, which is obviously superior compared to the conventional processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Li
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center of Advanced Chemicals Technology, Institute of Zhejiang University - Quzhou, 324000, Quzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zeng Hong
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center of Advanced Chemicals Technology, Institute of Zhejiang University - Quzhou, 324000, Quzhou, P.R. China
| | - Chao Qian
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center of Advanced Chemicals Technology, Institute of Zhejiang University - Quzhou, 324000, Quzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xinzhi Chen
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center of Advanced Chemicals Technology, Institute of Zhejiang University - Quzhou, 324000, Quzhou, P.R. China
| | - Shaodong Zhou
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center of Advanced Chemicals Technology, Institute of Zhejiang University - Quzhou, 324000, Quzhou, P.R. China
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4
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Samha MH, Karas LJ, Vogt DB, Odogwu EC, Elward J, Crawford JM, Steves JE, Sigman MS. Predicting success in Cu-catalyzed C-N coupling reactions using data science. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadn3478. [PMID: 38232169 PMCID: PMC10793951 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn3478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Data science is assuming a pivotal role in guiding reaction optimization and streamlining experimental workloads in the evolving landscape of synthetic chemistry. A discipline-wide goal is the development of workflows that integrate computational chemistry and data science tools with high-throughput experimentation as it provides experimentalists the ability to maximize success in expensive synthetic campaigns. Here, we report an end-to-end data-driven process to effectively predict how structural features of coupling partners and ligands affect Cu-catalyzed C-N coupling reactions. The established workflow underscores the limitations posed by substrates and ligands while also providing a systematic ligand prediction tool that uses probability to assess when a ligand will be successful. This platform is strategically designed to confront the intrinsic unpredictability frequently encountered in synthetic reaction deployment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad H. Samha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 S. 1400 E., Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Lucas J. Karas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 S. 1400 E., Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - David B. Vogt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 S. 1400 E., Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Emmanuel C. Odogwu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 S. 1400 E., Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Jennifer Elward
- Molecular Design, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 S. Collegeville Rd., Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Jennifer M. Crawford
- Drug Substance Development, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 S. Collegeville Rd., Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Janelle E. Steves
- Drug Substance Development, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 S. Collegeville Rd., Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Matthew S. Sigman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 S. 1400 E., Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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5
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Zhou Y, Qiu L, Li J, Xie W. A General Copper Catalytic System for Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling of Unactivated Secondary and Primary Alkyl Halides with Arylborons. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:28146-28155. [PMID: 38085645 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Suzuki-Miyaura cross-couplings (SMC) are powerful tools for the construction of carbon-carbon bonds. However, the couplings of sp3-hybridized alkyl halides with arylborons often encounter several problematic issues such as sluggish oxidation addition of alkyl halides and competitive β-hydride elimination side pathways of metal-alkyl species. In precedent reports, copper is mainly utilized for the coupling of sp2-aryl halides, and the cross-couplings with unactivated alkyl halides are far less reported. Herein, we demonstrate that a high-efficiency copper system enabled the coupling of arylborons with various unactivated secondary and primary alkyl halides including bromides, iodides, and even robust chlorides. The present system features broad scope, excellent functionality tolerance, scalability, and practicality. Moreover, the current system could be applied for the late-stage functionalization of complex molecules in moderate to high efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonglei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Liping Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Jian Li
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Weilong Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
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6
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Hayashi H, Maeda S, Mita T. Quantum chemical calculations for reaction prediction in the development of synthetic methodologies. Chem Sci 2023; 14:11601-11616. [PMID: 37920348 PMCID: PMC10619630 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03319h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantum chemical calculations have been used in the development of synthetic methodologies to analyze the reaction mechanisms of the developed reactions. Their ability to estimate chemical reaction pathways, including transition state energies and connected equilibria, has led researchers to embrace their use in predicting unknown reactions. This perspective highlights strategies that leverage quantum chemical calculations for the prediction of reactions in the discovery of new methodologies. Selected examples demonstrate how computation has driven the development of unknown reactions, catalyst design, and the exploration of synthetic routes to complex molecules prior to often laborious, costly, and time-consuming experimental investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Hayashi
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku Sapporo Hokkaido 001-0021 Japan
- JST-ERATO, Maeda Artificial Intelligence in Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery Project Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku Sapporo Hokkaido 060-0810 Japan
| | - Satoshi Maeda
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku Sapporo Hokkaido 001-0021 Japan
- JST-ERATO, Maeda Artificial Intelligence in Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery Project Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku Sapporo Hokkaido 060-0810 Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku Sapporo Hokkaido 060-0810 Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Mita
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku Sapporo Hokkaido 001-0021 Japan
- JST-ERATO, Maeda Artificial Intelligence in Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery Project Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku Sapporo Hokkaido 060-0810 Japan
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7
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Nasseri F, Nasseri MA, Kassaee MZ, Yavari I. Synergistic performance of a new bimetallic complex supported on magnetic nanoparticles for Sonogashira and C-N coupling reactions. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18153. [PMID: 37875534 PMCID: PMC10598020 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44168-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper describes the synthesis of a novel Cu-Ni bimetallic system comprising of magnetic nanoparticles, as the core, and 4-amino-3,5-bis(pyridin-2-yl)-1,2,4-triazole (4-ABPT), as a conjugated bridge, between nickel and copper species. With low Cu and Ni loading (0.06 mol% Ni, 0.08 mol% Cu), the resulting Fe3O4@SiO2@4-ABPT/Cu-Ni showed to be a highly efficient catalyst for the Sonogashira and C-N cross-coupling reactions. The developed catalyst was well characterized by FT-IR, XRD, EDX-mapping, FE-SEM, TEM, ICP, VSM, TGA/DTG/DTA, LSV, and XPS techniques. Fe3O4@SiO2@4-ABPT/Cu-Ni nanocatalyst was compatible with a wide range of amines and aryl halides in the Sonogashira and C-N cross-coupling reactions and offered desired coupling products in high to excellent yields under palladium- and solvent-free conditions. Based on the XPS results, the 4-ABPT ligand can adjust electron transfer between Ni and Cu in Fe3O4@SiO2@4-ABPT/Cu-Ni, promoting the formation and stabilization of Cu+ and Ni3+ species. Electronic interactions and the synergistic effect between these metals increased the selectivity and activity of Fe3O4@SiO2@4-ABPT/Cu-Ni catalyst in the Sonogashira and C-N cross-coupling reactions compared with its monometallic counterparts. Additionally, the magnetic properties of Fe3O4@SiO2@4-ABPT/Cu-Ni facilitated its separation from the reaction mixture, promoting its reuse for several times with no significant loss in its catalytic activity or performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Nasseri
- Department of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14155-175, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Birjand, P.O. Box 97175-615, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Nasseri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Birjand, P.O. Box 97175-615, Birjand, Iran.
| | - Mohamad Zaman Kassaee
- Department of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14155-175, Tehran, Iran
| | - Issa Yavari
- Department of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14155-175, Tehran, Iran
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8
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Delaney CP, Lin E, Huang Q, Yu IF, Rao G, Tao L, Jed A, Fantasia SM, Püntener KA, Britt RD, Hartwig JF. Cross-coupling by a noncanonical mechanism involving the addition of aryl halide to Cu(II). Science 2023; 381:1079-1085. [PMID: 37676958 DOI: 10.1126/science.adi9226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Copper complexes are widely used in the synthesis of fine chemicals and materials to catalyze couplings of heteroatom nucleophiles with aryl halides. We show that cross-couplings catalyzed by some of the most active catalysts occur by a mechanism not previously considered. Copper(II) [Cu(II)] complexes of oxalamide ligands catalyze Ullmann coupling to form the C-O bond in aryl ethers by concerted oxidative addition of an aryl halide to Cu(II) to form a high-valent species that is stabilized by radical character on the oxalamide ligand. This mechanism diverges from those involving Cu(I) and Cu(III) intermediates that have been posited for other Ullmann-type couplings. The stability of the Cu(II) state leads to high turnover numbers, >1000 for the coupling of phenoxide with aryl chloride electrophiles, as well as an ability to run the reactions in air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor P Delaney
- College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Eva Lin
- College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Qinan Huang
- College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Isaac F Yu
- College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Guodong Rao
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Lizhi Tao
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Ana Jed
- College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Serena M Fantasia
- Pharmaceutical Division, Synthetic Molecules Technical Development, Process Chemistry and Catalysis, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Ltd., Basel, CH-4070, Switzerland
| | - Kurt A Püntener
- Pharmaceutical Division, Synthetic Molecules Technical Development, Process Chemistry and Catalysis, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Ltd., Basel, CH-4070, Switzerland
| | - R David Britt
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - John F Hartwig
- College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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9
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Kaplanai E, Tonis E, Drymona M, Zagranyarski Y, Tzeli D, Vougioukalakis GC. Microwave-Assisted, Copper-Catalyzed Domino O-H/C-H Arylation Reaction toward the Synthesis of Oxygen-Doped Polyaromatic Molecules. J Org Chem 2023; 88:11552-11561. [PMID: 37494595 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Benzoxanthenes and their analogues are a very important class of compounds mainly due to their wide range of biological and technological applications. The development of a new methodology for their synthesis, involving an Ullmann-type coupling followed by an intramolecular C-H arylation, catalyzed by copper in a domino fashion, is reported. A variety of para-substituted phenols are amenable to this methodology, affording the desired products in moderate to good yields. Our protocol is expedient and practical and is carried out under microwave irradiation in only 3 min under air. A plausible catalytic cycle is proposed based on experimental mechanistic investigations and density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Entzy Kaplanai
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Panepistimiopolis, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Efstathios Tonis
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Panepistimiopolis, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Drymona
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Panepistimiopolis, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Yulian Zagranyarski
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, "St. Kliment Ohridski" University of Sofia, Bul. J. Baurchier 1, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Demeter Tzeli
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Panepistimiopolis, 15771 Athens, Greece
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Vassileos Constantinou Avenue 48, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios C Vougioukalakis
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Panepistimiopolis, 15771 Athens, Greece
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10
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Ali AT, Guda MA, Oraibi AI, Salih IK, Shather AH, Abd Ali AT, Azzawi AL, Almashhadani HA. Fe 3O 4 supported [Cu(ii)(met)(pro-H) 2] complex as a novel nanomagnetic catalytic system for room temperature C-O coupling reactions. RSC Adv 2023; 13:22538-22548. [PMID: 37497095 PMCID: PMC10367590 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03509c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, a newly-designed copper(ii) complex of metformin and l-proline which was immobilized on Fe3O4 MNPs was developed. The structure of the catalyst platform was fully characterized using spectroscopic analyses. Moreover, the catalytic activity of [Fe3O4@Cu(ii)(Met)(Pro-H)2] was investigated in a one-pot synthesis of a variety of functionalized ethers in reasonable to excellent yields through Ullman reaction in an aqueous environment using various aryl halides, phenol, and Cs2CO3 and without using any external Cu-reducing agents. Notably, gentle catalytic conditions, quick reaction times, applicability, low cost, and preventing dangerous chemicals and solvents during synthesis and catalytic application are some of the superior properties of the [Fe3O4@Cu(ii)(Met)(Pro-H)2] complex. Furthermore, the catalyst can be reused for several runs (at least eight times) without remarkable loss in efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Talal Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Basrah Iraq
| | - Muthik A Guda
- Department of Ecology Science, College of Science, Kufa University Iraq
| | - Amjad I Oraibi
- Department of Pharmacy, Al-Manara College for Medical Sciences Iraq
| | - Issam K Salih
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College 51001 Hilla Babylon Iraq
| | - A H Shather
- Department of Computer Engineering Technology, Al Kitab University Altun Kopru Kirkuk 00964 Iraq
| | - Abbas Talib Abd Ali
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, National University of Science and Technology Dhi Qar Iraq
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11
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Pham SL, Kim T, McDonald FE. Stereospecific Cu(I)-Catalyzed C-O Cross-Coupling Synthesis of Acyclic 1,2-Di- and Trisubstituted Vinylic Ethers from Alcohols and Vinylic Halides. Org Lett 2023. [PMID: 37437300 PMCID: PMC10367064 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
CuI and trans-N,N'-dimethylcyclohexyldiamine catalyze the single-step C-O bond cross-coupling between 1,2-di- and trisubstituted vinylic halides with functionalized alcohols, producing acyclic vinylic ethers. This stereospecific transformation selectively gives each of the (E)- and (Z)-vinylic ether products from the corresponding vinyl halide precursors. This method is compatible with carbohydrate-derived primary and secondary alcohols and several other functional groups. The conditions are mild enough to reliably generate vinylic allylic ethers without promoting Claisen rearrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- San L Pham
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Taehee Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Frank E McDonald
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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12
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Hall JR, Blythe IM, Sharninghausen LS, Sanford MS. Copper-Mediated Fluoroalkylation of Aryl Bromides and Chlorides Enabled by Directing Groups. Organometallics 2023; 42:543-546. [PMID: 37841393 PMCID: PMC10575473 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.3c00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
This report describes the reactions between N-heterocyclic carbene copper(I) fluoroalkyl complexes and aryl halides bearing ortho-directing groups. Pyridine, pyrazole, oxazoline, imine, and ester directing groups are shown to dramatically enhance the reactivity of aryl bromides and chlorides with (IPr)CuI-fluoroalkyl complexes (IPr = 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene; fluoroalkyl = difluoromethyl and pentafluoroethyl) to afford aryl-fluoroalkyl coupling products. This approach is leveraged to achieve the Cu-catalyzed directed fluoroalkylation of a series of aryl bromide substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R. Hall
- University of Michigan, Department of Chemistry, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Isaac M. Blythe
- University of Michigan, Department of Chemistry, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Liam S. Sharninghausen
- University of Michigan, Department of Chemistry, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Melanie S. Sanford
- University of Michigan, Department of Chemistry, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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13
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Song L, Cai L, Gong L, Van der Eycken EV. Photoinduced copper-catalyzed enantioselective coupling reactions. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:2358-2376. [PMID: 36916421 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00734g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Copper-catalyzed enantioselective coupling has been widely investigated, which allows rapid construction of various chiral molecules. Despite important advances via polar and radical mechanisms, exploring general and practical strategies for the regio-, enantio- and diastereoselective assembly of stereogenic centers is of significant value but remains highly problematic. The integration of photocatalysis with asymmetric copper catalysis could provide appealing access to the development of new reaction pathways and structurally diverse chiral compounds, and extend the boundaries of radical chemistry. This review summarizes recent advances in photoinduced copper-catalyzed enantioselective coupling reactions, and discusses the mechanistic aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Song
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lingchao Cai
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Gong
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
| | - Erik V Van der Eycken
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium. .,Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya Street 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia
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14
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Mastalir Á, Molnár Á. A Novel Insight into the Ullmann Homocoupling Reactions Performed in Heterogeneous Catalytic Systems. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041769. [PMID: 36838755 PMCID: PMC9960315 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The Ullmann reaction has been reported to be the first cross-coupling reaction performed by using a transition metal catalyst. This reaction has been initially considered as the copper-catalyzed homocoupling of aryl halides, leading to the formation of symmetrical biaryl compounds via the generation of novel C-C bonds. Although this reaction has been extensively studied in recent decades and valuable results have been achieved, there are still considerable efforts focused on the development of novel catalytic systems, mild reaction conditions, and extended substrate scope. The mechanistic aspects of the Ullmann homocoupling reaction have also been investigated, as related to the introduction of new sustainable strategies and green procedures. The application of recyclable heterogeneous catalysts has been found to overcome most of the limitations associated with the harsh reaction conditions of the original Ullmann reaction. More recently, copper-based catalytic systems have also been replaced by palladium nanoparticles, ionic palladium species, gold nanoparticles, and palladium-gold bimetallic systems. In this review, current results reported on the Ullmann homocoupling reaction are discussed, with an emphasis on the development of novel catalytic systems, which can be efficiently used under heterogeneous conditions.
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15
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Short MAS, Tovee CA, Willans CE, Nguyen BN. High-throughput computational workflow for ligand discovery in catalysis with the CSD. Catal Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d3cy00083d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
A novel semi-automated, high-throughput computational workflow for ligand/catalyst discovery based on the Cambridge Structural Database is reported.
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16
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A Novel Family of Cage-like (CuLi, CuNa, CuK)-phenylsilsesquioxane Complexes with 8-hydroxyquinoline Ligands: Synthesis, Structure, and Catalytic Activity. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196205. [PMID: 36234735 PMCID: PMC9571593 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The first examples of metallasilsesquioxane complexes, including ligands of the 8-hydroxyquinoline family 1–9, were synthesized, and their structures were established by single crystal X-ray diffraction using synchrotron radiation. Compounds 1–9 tend to form a type of sandwich-like cage of Cu4M2 nuclearity (M = Li, Na, K). Each complex includes two cisoid pentameric silsesquioxane ligands and two 8-hydroxyquinoline ligands. The latter coordinates the copper ions and corresponding alkaline metal ions (via the deprotonated oxygen site). A characteristic (size) of the alkaline metal ion and a variation of characteristics of nitrogen ligands (8-hydroxyquinoline vs. 5-chloro-8-hydroxyquinoline vs. 5,7-dibromo-8-hydroxyquinoline vs. 5,7-diiodo-8-hydroxyquinoline) are highly influential for the formation of the supramolecular structure of the complexes 3a, 5, and 7–9. The Cu6Na2-based compound 2 exhibits high catalytic activity towards the oxidation of (i) hydrocarbons by H2O2 activated with HNO3, and (ii) alcohols by tert-butyl hydroperoxide. Studies of kinetics and their selectivity has led us to conclude that it is the hydroxyl radicals that play a crucial role in this process.
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17
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Rasaily S, Sharma D, Pradhan S, Diyali N, Chettri S, Gurung B, Tamang S, Pariyar A. Multifunctional Catalysis by a One-Dimensional Copper(II) Metal Organic Framework Containing Pre-existing Coordinatively Unsaturated Sites: Intermolecular C-N, C-O, and C-S Cross-Coupling; Stereoselective Intramolecular C-N Coupling; and Aziridination Reactions. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:13685-13699. [PMID: 36001739 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The coordinatively unsaturated sites (CUS) are vital in metal-centered catalysis. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) provide a unique opportunity to generate and stabilize CUS due to their robust structure. Generally, the generation of CUS in MOFs needs prior activation under heat and high vacuum to remove labile molecules occupying the catalytic sites. Herein, we report a solvothermal synthesis of a ready-to-use copper MOF containing accessible pre-existing CUS that does not need activation. The single crystal X-ray diffraction structure reveals a square planar Cu(II) center with two N-methylimidazoles (Mim) and one benzenedicarboxylic acid (BDC) with the formula unit [CuII(BDC)(Mim)2]n (Cu-1D) forming an infinite one-dimensional (1D) chain along the c axis. The 1D chains are stabilized by noncovalent π-π, CH···π, and H-bonding interaction to give 2D (sheet-like) and 3D networks in the solid state. The quantification of non-covalent interaction is studied by Hirshfeld surface analysis, and the formation of a higher architecture in the solid state is confirmed by SEM analysis. The reported Cu-1D MOF acts as a solid heterogeneous catalyst and exhibits efficient catalytic activity in intermolecular and intramolecular cross-coupling reactions. Intermolecular C-heteroatom cross-coupling of a variety of N-heterocycles, aliphatic, aromatic, alicyclic amines and amides (C-N), phenols (C-O), and thiols (C-S) with aryl halides (halide = I, Br) was achieved with 70 to 95% yield, better than the state-of-the-art Cu-based homogenous system. The C-N coupling catalytic cycle is initiated by the in situ reduction of Cu(II) by KOH/DMSO to Cu(I) species. Subsequently, Cu(I) undergoes oxidative addition followed by reductive elimination to form a cross-coupled product. High stereoselectivity was found for the intramolecular C-N coupling reaction to give tetrahydroquinoxalines with an enantiomeric excess (ee) of more than 99%. For a broader application, Cu-1D was applied as the catalyst for the synthesis of a library of aziridines that gives yields of up to 99% with more than 93% recyclability for each cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagarmani Rasaily
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Sikkim University, Gangtok737102, East Sikkim, India
| | - Debesh Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Sikkim University, Gangtok737102, East Sikkim, India
| | - Sajan Pradhan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Sikkim University, Gangtok737102, East Sikkim, India
| | - Nilankar Diyali
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Sikkim University, Gangtok737102, East Sikkim, India
| | - Shivanand Chettri
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Sikkim University, Gangtok737102, East Sikkim, India
| | - Bikram Gurung
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Sikkim University, Gangtok737102, East Sikkim, India
| | - Sudarsan Tamang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Sikkim University, Gangtok737102, East Sikkim, India
| | - Anand Pariyar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Sikkim University, Gangtok737102, East Sikkim, India
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18
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Car-Parrinello molecular dynamics study of CuF, AgF, CuPF6 and AgPF6 in acetonitrile solvent and Cluster-Continuum calculation of the solvation free energy of Cu(I), Ag(I) and Li(I). J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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19
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Pliego JR. Copper-Catalyzed Aromatic Fluorination of 2-(2-bromophenyl)pyridine via Cu(I)/Cu(III) Mechanism in Acetonitrile Solvent: Cluster-Continuum Free Energy Profile and Microkinetic Analysis. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Fey N, Lynam JM. Computational mechanistic study in organometallic catalysis: Why prediction is still a challenge. WIRES COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Fey
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol, Cantock's Close Bristol UK
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21
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Su L, Xie S, Dong J, Pan N, Yin SF, Zhou Y. Copper-Catalyzed 6- endo- dig Cyclization-Coupling of 2-Bromoaryl Ketones and Terminal Alkynes toward Naphthyl Aryl Ethers in Water. Org Lett 2022; 24:4569-4574. [PMID: 35713412 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The cyclization-coupling reaction of 2-bromoaryl ketones and terminal alkynes is first realized by copper catalysis, which produces polyfunctional naphthyl aryl ethers in moderate to excellent yields with broad substrate scope and good functional group tolerance. This reaction proceeds via 6-endo-dig cyclization and C(sp2)-O coupling using green H2O as the unique solvent and 5-bromopyrimidin-2-amine as the critical additive. Mechanistically, a unique Cu(III)-acetylide probably is the key intermediate, which allows exclusive 6-endo-dig selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lebin Su
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.,School of Physics and Chemistry, Hunan First Normal University, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Shimin Xie
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jianyu Dong
- School of Physics and Chemistry, Hunan First Normal University, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Neng Pan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Shuang-Feng Yin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yongbo Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
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22
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Sagadevan A, Ghosh A, Maity P, Mohammed OF, Bakr OM, Rueping M. Visible-Light Copper Nanocluster Catalysis for the C-N Coupling of Aryl Chlorides at Room Temperature. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:12052-12061. [PMID: 35766900 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Activation of aryl chlorides in cross-coupling reactions is a long-standing challenge in organic synthesis that is of great interest to industry. Ultrasmall (<3 nm), atomically precise nanoclusters (NCs) are considered one of the most promising catalysts due to their high surface area and unsaturated active sites. Herein, we introduce a copper nanocluster-based catalyst, [Cu61(StBu)26S6Cl6H14] (Cu61NC) that enables C-N bond-forming reactions of aryl chlorides under visible-light irradiation at room temperature. A range of N-heterocyclic nucleophiles and electronically and sterically diverse aryl/hetero chlorides react in this new Cu61NC-catalyzed process to afford the C-N coupling products in good yields. Mechanistic studies indicate that a single-electron-transfer (SET) process between the photoexcited Cu61NC complex and aryl halide enables the C-N-arylation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunachalam Sagadevan
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atanu Ghosh
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Partha Maity
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar F Mohammed
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osman M Bakr
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Magnus Rueping
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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23
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Rajalakshmi C, Krishnan A, Saranya S, Anilkumar G, Thomas VI. A detailed theoretical investigation to unravel the molecular mechanism of the ligand-free copper-catalyzed Suzuki cross-coupling reaction. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:4539-4552. [PMID: 35388388 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00371f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The Suzuki-Miyaura coupling (SMC) represents a very efficacious method for constructing C-C bonds in organic synthesis. The ligand-free variants of SMC have been grabbing attention these days. Despite this momentousness, the mechanistic details of the ligand-free variants are scant in the literature. Herein, we have carried out a detailed mechanistic investigation into the ligand-free Cu-catalyzed SMC of unsaturated organic halides with aryl boronic acid with the aid of density functional theory (DFT) calculations employing the conductor-like polarizable continuum model (CPCM) method. The present study elucidates that in the absence of ancillary ligands on the metal, the substrates, base, and solvent molecules could act as pseudo-ancillary ligands to facilitate the cross-coupling reaction. The investigation further revealed that unsaturated halides like alkynyl halides/vinyl halides could act as good ancillary ligands for copper by forming a Cu-π intermediate and promoting a facile transmetalation process. However, regarding the oxidative addition and reductive elimination steps, a concerted pathway is observed contrary to Pd catalyzed Suzuki coupling, owing to the instability of Cu(III) species and the favourability of Csp2-Csp bond formation. In the whole set of mechanisms explored, oxidative addition/oxidative nucleophilic substitution was the rate-determining step in all the cases. A thermodynamically stable π-coordinated intermediate species where the substrate and base molecule are coordinated to the metal center is identified as the rate-determining species for the ligand-free Suzuki cross-coupling reaction. The presence of the aforesaid intermediate increases the energy span and consequently the activation barrier for the rate-determining step. This study unveiled a theoretical rationale for the high-temperature requirement in the ligand-free Cu-catalyzed SMC reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rajalakshmi
- Department of Chemistry, CMS College Kottayam (Autonomous), Kottayam, Kerala, 686001, India.
| | - Anandhu Krishnan
- Department of Chemistry, CMS College Kottayam (Autonomous), Kottayam, Kerala, 686001, India.
| | - Salim Saranya
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills P.O, Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India.
| | - Gopinathan Anilkumar
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills P.O, Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India. .,Institute for Integrated Programmes and Research in Basic Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills P.O, Kottayam, Kerala, India 686560
| | - Vibin Ipe Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, CMS College Kottayam (Autonomous), Kottayam, Kerala, 686001, India. .,Institute for Integrated Programmes and Research in Basic Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills P.O, Kottayam, Kerala, India 686560
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24
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Ma X, Davies RP. Tartramide Ligands for Copper‐Catalyzed N‐Arylation at Room Temperature. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuerui Ma
- Department of Chemistry Imperial College London South Kensington London SW7 2AZ United Kingdom
| | - Robert P. Davies
- Department of Chemistry Imperial College London South Kensington London SW7 2AZ United Kingdom
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25
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Copper-Mediated Aromatic Fluorination Using N-Heterocycle-Carbene Ligand: Free Energy Profile of the Cu(I)/Cu(III) and Cu(II) radical Mechanisms. J Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2022.122397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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26
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Construction of C–N bonds from small-molecule precursors through heterogeneous electrocatalysis. Nat Rev Chem 2022; 6:303-319. [PMID: 37117934 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-022-00379-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Energy-intensive thermochemical processes within chemical manufacturing are a major contributor to global CO2 emissions. With the increasing push for sustainability, the scientific community is striving to develop renewable energy-powered electrochemical technologies in lieu of CO2-emitting fossil-fuel-driven methods. However, to fully electrify chemical manufacturing, it is imperative to expand the scope of electrosynthetic technologies, particularly through the innovation of reactions involving nitrogen-based reactants. This Review focuses on a rapidly emerging area, namely the formation of C-N bonds through heterogeneous electrocatalysis. The C-N bond motif is found in many fertilizers (such as urea) as well as commodity and fine chemicals (with functional groups such as amines and amides). The ability to generate C-N bonds from reactants such as CO2, NO3- or N2 would provide sustainable alternatives to the thermochemical routes used at present. We start by examining thermochemical, enzymatic and molecular catalytic systems for C-N bond formation, identifying how concepts from these can be translated to heterogeneous electrocatalysis. Next, we discuss successful heterogeneous electrocatalytic systems and highlight promising research directions. Finally, we discuss the remaining questions and knowledge gaps and thus set the trajectory for future advances in heterogeneous electrocatalytic formation of C-N bonds.
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27
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QM/MM and molecular dynamics simulation of the structure and dissociation of CuF in acetonitrile solvent. Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2022.139468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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28
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Kim HJ, Lee JE, Koyyada G, Lakavathu M, Kim JH. 1,10‐Phenanthroline Copper(I) Complexes with A3 Coupling to Access Allenes for Cycloaddition Reactions. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jo Kim
- Yeungnam University School of chemical engineering KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Ji Eun Lee
- Yeungnam University School of chemical engineering KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Ganesh Koyyada
- Yeungnam University School of chemical engineering KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Mohan Lakavathu
- Yeungnam University School of Chemical Engineering Gyongsanbuk 712749 Daegu KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Jae Hong Kim
- Yeungnam University School of chemical engineering KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
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29
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Marcos-Ayuso G, Lledós A, Casares JA. Copper(I) activation of C-X bonds: bimolecular vs. unimolecular reaction mechanism. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:2718-2721. [PMID: 35113089 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc07027d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Experimental kinetic studies and DFT calculations show that the oxidative addition of aryl halides (Ar-X) to complexes [Cu(NHC)R] follow different paths depending on the nature of X. For X = Br a concerted addition leads to cis-[Cu(NHC)XRAr] from which the usual C-C coupled product Ar-R eliminates. However, for X = I trans-[Cu(NHC)IRAr] is formed instead, leading to the elimination of R-I in a metathesis reaction. This behaviour is accounted for by a change in the reaction mechanism for Ar-I, which involves two molecules of copper(I) complex, the second one stabilising the incipient iodide formed in the C-I breaking (oxidative addition) and C-I forming (reductive elimination) processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Marcos-Ayuso
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011-Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Agustí Lledós
- Departament de Química, Edifici C.n, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Juan A Casares
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011-Valladolid, Spain.
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30
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Joshi C, Macharia JM, Izzo JA, Wambua V, Kim S, Hirschi JS, Vetticatt MJ. Isotope Effects Reveal the Catalytic Mechanism of the Archetypical Suzuki-Miyaura Reaction. ACS Catal 2022; 12:2959-2966. [PMID: 37168650 PMCID: PMC10168682 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c05802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Experimental and theoretical 13C kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) are utilized to obtain atomistic insight into the catalytic mechanism of the Pd(PPh3)4-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura reaction of aryl halides and aryl boronic acids. Under catalytic conditions, we establish that oxidative addition of aryl bromides occurs to a 12-electron monoligated palladium complex (Pd-(PPh3)). This is based on the congruence of the experimental KIE for the carbon attached to bromine (KIEC-Br = 1.020) and predicted KIEC-Br for the transition state for oxidative addition to the Pd(PPh3) complex (1.021). For aryl iodides, the near-unity KIEC-I of ~1.003 suggests that the first irreversible step in the catalytic cycle precedes oxidative addition and is likely the binding of the iodoarene to Pd(PPh3). Our results suggest that the commonly proposed oxidative addition to the 14-electron Pd(PPh3)2 complex can occur only in the presence of excess added ligand or under stoichiometric conditions; in both cases, experimental KIEC-Br of 1.031 is measured, which is identical to the predicted KIEC-Br for the transition state for oxidative addition to the Pd(PPh3)2 complex (1.031). The transmetalation step, under catalytic conditions, is shown to proceed via a tetracoordinate boronate (8B4) intermediate with a Pd-O-B linkage based on the agreement between an experimental KIE for the carbon atom involved in transmetalation (KIEC-Boron = 1.035) and a predicted KIEC-Boron for the 8B4 transmetalation transition state (1.034).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetan Joshi
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, Vestal, New York 13850, United States
| | - Juliet M. Macharia
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, Vestal, New York 13850, United States
| | - Joseph A. Izzo
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, Vestal, New York 13850, United States
| | - Victor Wambua
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, Vestal, New York 13850, United States
| | - Sungjin Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, Vestal, New York 13850, United States
| | - Jennifer S. Hirschi
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, Vestal, New York 13850, United States
| | - Mathew J. Vetticatt
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, Vestal, New York 13850, United States
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31
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Motimani NM, Ngubane S, Smith GS. Polynuclear heteroleptic ruthenium(II) photoredox catalysts: Evaluation in blue-light-mediated, regioselective thiol-ene reactions. Polyhedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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32
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Dale HJA, Leach AG, Lloyd-Jones GC. Heavy-Atom Kinetic Isotope Effects: Primary Interest or Zero Point? J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:21079-21099. [PMID: 34870970 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c07351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Chemists have many options for elucidating reaction mechanisms. Global kinetic analysis and classic transition-state probes (e.g., LFERs, Eyring) inevitably form the cornerstone of any strategy, yet their application to increasingly sophisticated synthetic methodologies often leads to a wide range of indistinguishable mechanistic proposals. Computational chemistry provides powerful tools for narrowing the field in such cases, yet wholly simulated mechanisms must be interpreted with great caution. Heavy-atom kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) offer an exquisite but underutilized method for reconciling the two approaches, anchoring the theoretician in the world of calculable observables and providing the experimentalist with atomistic insights. This Perspective provides a personal outlook on this synergy. It surveys the computation of heavy-atom KIEs and their measurement by NMR spectroscopy, discusses recent case studies, highlights the intellectual reward that lies in alignment of experiment and theory, and reflects on the changes required in chemical education in the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harvey J A Dale
- EaStChem, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, U.K
| | - Andrew G Leach
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K
| | - Guy C Lloyd-Jones
- EaStChem, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, U.K
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Lozano-Lavilla O, Gómez-Orellana P, Lledós A, Casares JA. Transmetalation Reactions Triggered by Electron Transfer between Organocopper Complexes. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:11633-11639. [PMID: 34259512 PMCID: PMC8609523 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
![]()
[Cu(bipy)(C6F5)] reacts with most aryl iodides
to form heterobiphenyls by cross-coupling, but when Rf–I is
used (Rf = 3,5-dicholoro-2,4,6-trifluorophenyl), homocoupling products
are also formed. Kinetic studies suggest that, for the homocoupling
reaction, a mechanism based on transmetalation from [Cu(bipy)(C6F5)] to Cu(III) intermediates formed in the oxidative
addition step is at work. Density functional theory calculations show
that the interaction between these Cu(III) species and the starting
Cu(I) complex involves a Cu(I)–Cu(III) electron transfer concerted
with the formation of an iodine bridge between the metals and that
a fast transmetalation takes place in a dimer in a triplet state between
two Cu(II) units. In copper-catalyzed
cross-coupling reactions, electron-transfer
processes between Cu(I) and Cu(III) species are overlooked behind
RDS (C−X activation). Density functional theory studies considering
two molecules of the catalyst and two spin states throughout the course
of the reaction have revealed the feasibility of such a process and
the transmetalation between Cu(II) species, justifying in this way
the formation of homocoupling products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olmo Lozano-Lavilla
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid 47011, Spain
| | - Pablo Gómez-Orellana
- Departament de Química, Edifici C.n. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia 08193, Spain
| | - Agustí Lledós
- Departament de Química, Edifici C.n. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia 08193, Spain
| | - Juan A Casares
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid 47011, Spain
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34
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Nevado
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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35
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Hazra A, Kephart JA, Velian A, Lalic G. Hydroalkylation of Alkynes: Functionalization of the Alkenyl Copper Intermediate through Single Electron Transfer Chemistry. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:7903-7908. [PMID: 34004114 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c03396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a method for the stereoselective coupling of terminal alkynes and α-bromo carbonyls to generate functionalized E-alkenes. The coupling is accomplished by merging the closed-shell hydrocupration of alkynes with the open-shell single electron transfer (SET) chemistry of the resulting alkenyl copper intermediate. We demonstrate that the reaction is compatible with various functional groups and can be performed in the presence of aryl bromides, alkyl chlorides, alkyl bromides, esters, nitriles, amides, and a wide range of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds. Mechanistic studies provide evidence for SET oxidation of the alkenyl copper intermediate by an α-bromo ester as the key step that enables the cross coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avijit Hazra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Jonathan A Kephart
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Alexandra Velian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Gojko Lalic
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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36
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Moghaddam FM, Jarahiyan A, Heidarian Haris M, Pourjavadi A. An advancement in the synthesis of nano Pd@magnetic amine-Functionalized UiO-66-NH 2 catalyst for cyanation and O-arylation reactions. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11387. [PMID: 34059726 PMCID: PMC8167105 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90478-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The magnetic MOF-based catalytic system has been reported here to be an efficient catalyst for synthesis of benzonitriles and diarylethers of aryl halides under optimal conditions. The MOF catalyst was built based on magnetic nanoparticles and UiO-66-NH2 which further modified with 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine and 5-phenyl tetrazole at the same time and the catalyst structure was confirmed by various techniques. This new modification has been applied to increase anchoring palladium into the support. Furthermore, the products' yields were obtained in good to excellent for all reactions under mild conditions which result from superior activity of the synthesized heterogeneous catalyst containing palladium. Also, the magnetic property of the MOF-based catalyst makes it easy to separate from reaction mediums and reuse in the next runs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firouz Matloubi Moghaddam
- grid.412553.40000 0001 0740 9747Laboratory of Organic Synthesis and Natural Products, Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Azadi Street, P.O. Box 111559516, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atefeh Jarahiyan
- grid.412553.40000 0001 0740 9747Laboratory of Organic Synthesis and Natural Products, Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Azadi Street, P.O. Box 111559516, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Heidarian Haris
- grid.412553.40000 0001 0740 9747Laboratory of Organic Synthesis and Natural Products, Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Azadi Street, P.O. Box 111559516, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Pourjavadi
- grid.412553.40000 0001 0740 9747Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Azadi Street, P.O. Box 111559516, Tehran, Iran
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37
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Abstract
Cross-coupling reactions furnishing carbon–carbon (C–C) and carbon–heteroatom (C–X) bond is one of the most challenging tasks in organic syntheses. The early developed reaction protocols by Ullmann, Ullman–Goldberg, Cadiot–Chodkiewicz, Castro–Stephens, and Corey–House, utilizing elemental copper or its salts as catalyst have, for decades, attracted and inspired scientists. However, these reactions were suffering from the range of functional groups tolerated as well as severely restricted by the harsh reaction conditions often required high temperatures (150–200 °C) for extended reaction time. Enormous efforts have been paid to develop and achieve more sustainable reaction conditions by applying the microwave irradiation. The use of controlled microwave heating dramatically reduces the time required and therefore resulting in increase in the yield as well as the efficiency of the reaction. This review is mainly focuses on the recent advances and applications of copper catalyzed cross-coupling generation of carbon–carbon and carbon–heteroatom bond under microwave technology.
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38
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Rivera DG, Ojeda-Carralero GM, Reguera L, Van der Eycken EV. Peptide macrocyclization by transition metal catalysis. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:2039-2059. [PMID: 32142086 DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00366e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Peptide macrocyclization has traditionally relied on lactam, lactone and disulfide bond-forming reactions that aim at introducing conformational constraints into small peptide sequences. With the advent of ruthenium-catalyzed ring-closing metathesis and copper-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition, peptide chemists embraced transition metal catalysis as a powerful macrocyclization tool with relevant applications in chemical biological and peptide drug discovery. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the reactivity and methodological diversification of metal-catalyzed peptide macrocyclization as a special class of late-stage peptide derivatization method. We report the evolution from classic palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling approaches to more modern oxidative versions based on C-H activation, heteroatom alkylation/arylation and annulation processes, in which aspects such as chemoselectivity and diversity generation at the ring-closing moiety became dominant over the last years. The transit from early cycloadditions and alkyne couplings as ring-closing steps to very recent 3d metal-catalyzed macrocyclization methods is highlighted. Similarly, the new trends in decarboxylative radical macrocyclizations and the interplay between photoredox and transition metal catalysis are included. This review charts future perspectives in the field hoping to encourage further progress and applications, while bringing attention to the countless possibilities available by diversifying not only the metal, but also the reactivity modes and tactics to bring peptide functional groups together and produce structurally diverse macrocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Rivera
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium. and Center for Natural Product Research, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana, Zapata y G, Havana 10400, Cuba.
| | - Gerardo M Ojeda-Carralero
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium. and Center for Natural Product Research, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana, Zapata y G, Havana 10400, Cuba.
| | - Leslie Reguera
- Center for Natural Product Research, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana, Zapata y G, Havana 10400, Cuba.
| | - Erik V Van der Eycken
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium. and Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya Street 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia
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39
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Sear CE, Pieper P, Amaral M, Romanelli MM, Costa-Silva TA, Haugland MM, Tate JA, Lago JHG, Tempone AG, Anderson EA. Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationship of Dehydrodieugenol B Neolignans against Trypanosoma cruzi. ACS Infect Dis 2020; 6:2872-2878. [PMID: 33047947 PMCID: PMC7670487 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi is the etiologic agent of Chagas disease, which affects over seven million people, especially in developing countries. Undesirable side effects are frequently associated with current therapies, which are typically ineffective in the treatment of all stages of the disease. Here, we report the first synthesis of the neolignan dehydrodieugenol B, a natural product recently shown to exhibit activity against T. cruzi. Using this strategy, a series of synthetic analogues were prepared to explore structure-activity relationships. The in vitro antiparasitic activities of these analogues revealed a wide tolerance of modifications and substituent deletions, with maintained or improved bioactivities against the amastigote forms of the parasite (50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 4-63 μM) and no mammalian toxicity (50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) of >200 μM). Five of these analogues meet the Drugs for Neglected Disease Initiative (DNDi) "hit criteria" for Chagas disease. This work has enabled the identification of key structural features of the natural product and sites where scaffold modification is tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E. Sear
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Pauline Pieper
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Maiara Amaral
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
- Centre for Parasitology and Mycology, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil
| | - Maiara M. Romanelli
- Centre for Parasitology and Mycology, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil
| | - Thais A. Costa-Silva
- Centre for Parasitology and Mycology, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil
| | - Marius M. Haugland
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph A. Tate
- Syngenta Ltd., Jealott’s Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell RG42 6EY, United Kingdom
| | - João H. G. Lago
- Centre of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Federal University of ABC (UFBC), Avenida dos Estados 5001, Santo Andre, São Paulo 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Andre G. Tempone
- Centre for Parasitology and Mycology, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil
| | - Edward A. Anderson
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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40
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Watanabe K, Takagi M, Watanabe A, Murata S, Takita R. Cu(I)/sucrose-catalyzed hydroxylation of arenes in water: the dual role of sucrose. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:7827-7831. [PMID: 32990294 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01683g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A protocol for the hydroxylation of aryl halides catalyzed by copper(i) and sucrose in neat water has been developed. The dual role of sucrose, the reaction pathway, and the high selectivity for hydroxylation were investigated using a combination of experimental and theoretical techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Watanabe
- One-stop Sharing Facility Center for Future Drug Discoveries, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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41
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Modak A, Nett AJ, Swift EC, Haibach MC, Chan VS, Franczyk TS, Shekhar S, Cook SP. Cu-Catalyzed C–N Coupling with Sterically Hindered Partners. ACS Catal 2020; 10:10495-10499. [PMID: 37063689 PMCID: PMC10104551 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c02965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Copper, an earth-abundant metal, has reemerged as a viable alternative to the versatile Pd-catalyzed C-N coupling. Coupling sterically hindered reaction partners, however, remains challenging. Herein, we disclose the discovery and development of a pyrrole-ol ligand to facilitate the coupling of ortho-substituted aryl iodides with sterically hindered amines. The ligand was discovered through a library screening approach and highlights the value of mining heteroatom-rich pharmaceutical libraries for useful ligand motifs. Further evaluation revealed that this ligand is uniquely effective in these challenging transformations. The reaction enables the coupling of sterically hindered primary and secondary amines, anilines, and amides with broad functional group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atanu Modak
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405-7102, United States
| | - Alex J. Nett
- Process Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Elizabeth C. Swift
- Process Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Michael C. Haibach
- Process Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Vincent S. Chan
- Process Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Thaddeus S. Franczyk
- Process Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Shashank Shekhar
- Process Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Silas P. Cook
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405-7102, United States
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42
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HARC as an open-shell strategy to bypass oxidative addition in Ullmann-Goldberg couplings. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:21058-21064. [PMID: 32817531 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2011831117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The copper-catalyzed arylation of unsaturated nitrogen heterocycles, known as the Ullmann-Goldberg coupling, is a valuable transformation for medicinal chemists, providing a modular disconnection for the rapid diversification of heteroaromatic cores. The utility of the coupling, however, has established limitations arising from a high-barrier copper oxidative addition step, which often necessitates the use of electron-rich ligands, elevated temperatures, and/or activated aryl electrophiles. Herein, we present an alternative aryl halide activation strategy, in which the critical oxidative addition (OA) mechanism has been replaced by a halogen abstraction-radical capture (HARC) sequence that allows the generation of the same Cu(III)-aryl intermediate albeit via a photoredox pathway. This alternative mechanistic paradigm decouples the bond-breaking and bond-forming steps of the catalytic cycle to enable the use of many previously inert aryl bromides. Overall, this mechanism allows access to both traditional C-N adducts at room temperature as well as a large range of previously inaccessible Ullmann-Goldberg coupling products including sterically demanding ortho-substituted heteroarenes.
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43
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Yu F, Dickson JL, Loka RS, Xu H, Schaugaard RN, Schlegel HB, Luo L, Nguyen HM. Diastereoselective sp 3 C-O Bond Formation via Visible Light-Induced, Copper-Catalyzed Cross-Couplings of Glycosyl Bromides with Aliphatic Alcohols. ACS Catal 2020; 10:5990-6001. [PMID: 34168901 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c01470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Copper-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions have become one of the most powerful methods for generating carbon-heteroatom bonds, an important framework of many organic molecules. However, copper-catalyzed C(sp3)-O cross-coupling of alkyl halides with alkyl alcohols remains elusive because of the sluggish nature of oxidative addition to copper. To address this challenge, we have developed a catalytic copper system, which overcomes the copper oxidative addition barrier with the aid of visible light and effectively facilitates the cross-couplings of glycosyl bromides with aliphatic alcohols to afford C(sp3)-O bonds with high levels of diastereoselectivity. Importantly, this catalytic system leads to a mild and efficient method for stereoselective construction of α-1,2-cis glycosides, which are of paramount importance, but challenging. In general, stereochemical outcomes in α-1,2-cis glycosidic C-O bond-forming processes are unpredictable and dependent on the steric and electronic nature of protecting groups bound to carbohydrate coupling partners. Currently, the most reliable approaches rely on the use of a chiral auxiliary or hydrogen-bond directing group at the C2- and C4-position of carbohydrate electrophiles to control α-1,2-cis selectivity. In our approach, earth-abundant copper not only acts as a photocatalyst and a bond-forming catalyst, but also enforces the stereocontrolled formation of anomeric C-O bonds. This cross-coupling protocol enables highly diastereoselective access to a wide variety of α-1,2-cis-glycosides and biologically relevant α-glycan oligosaccharides. Our work provides a foundation for developing new methods for the stereoselective construction of natural and unnatural anomeric carbon(sp3)-heteroatom bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Jalen L. Dickson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Ravi S. Loka
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Hengfu Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Richard N. Schaugaard
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - H. Bernhard Schlegel
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Long Luo
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Hien M. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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44
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Moghaddam FM, Jarahiyan A, Eslami M, Pourjavadi A. A novel magnetic polyacrylonotrile-based palladium Core−Shell complex: A highly efficientcatalyst for Synthesis of Diaryl ethers. J Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2020.121266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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45
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Valdebenito C, Pinto J, Nazarkovsky M, Chacón G, Martínez-Ferraté O, Wrighton-Araneda K, Cortés-Arriagada D, Camarada MB, Alves Fernandes J, Abarca G. Highly modulated supported triazolium-based ionic liquids: direct control of the electronic environment on Cu nanoparticles. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:1325-1332. [PMID: 36133065 PMCID: PMC9418861 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00055h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
A series of new triazolium-based supported ionic liquids (SILPs), decorated with Cu NPs, were successfully prepared and applied to the N-arylation of aryl halides with anilines. The triazoles moieties were functionalised using copper-catalysed azide-alkyne cycloaddition. SILP surface characterisation showed a strong correlation between the triazolium cation volume and textural properties. STEM images showed well-dispersed Cu NPs on SILPs with a mean diameter varying from 3.6 to 4.6 nm depending on the triazolium cation used. Besides, XPS results suggest that the Cu(0)/Cu(i) ratio can be modulated by the electronic density of triazolium substituents. XPS and computational analysis gave mechanistic insights into the Cu NP stabilisation pathways, where the presence of electron-rich groups attached to a triazolium ring plays a critical role in leading to a cation adsorption pathway (E ads = 72 kcal mol-1). In contrast, less electron-rich groups favour the anion adsorption pathway (E ads = 63 kcal mol-1). The Cu@SILP composite with electron-rich groups showed the highest activity for the C-N Ullmann coupling reaction, which suggests that electron-rich groups might act as an electron-like reservoir to facilitate oxidative addition for N-arylation. This strategy firmly suggests the strong dependence of the nature of triazolium-based SILPs on the Cu NP surface active sites, which may provide a new environment to confine and stabilise MNPs for catalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristián Valdebenito
- Centro de Nanotecnología Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor Camino la Pirámide 5750 Huechuraba Santiago Chile
| | - Jose Pinto
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham NG7 2RD Nottingham UK
| | - Michael Nazarkovsky
- Departamento de Química, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro R. Marquês de São Vicente 225 Rio de Janeiro 22451-900 RJ Brazil
| | - Gustavo Chacón
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - Oriol Martínez-Ferraté
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - Kerry Wrighton-Araneda
- Programa Institucional de Fomento a la Investigación, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana Desarrollo e Innovación Ignacio Valdivieso 2409, P.O. Box San Joaquín Santiago Chile
| | - Diego Cortés-Arriagada
- Programa Institucional de Fomento a la Investigación, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana Desarrollo e Innovación Ignacio Valdivieso 2409, P.O. Box San Joaquín Santiago Chile
| | - María Belén Camarada
- Centro de Nanotecnología Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor Camino la Pirámide 5750 Huechuraba Santiago Chile
| | | | - Gabriel Abarca
- Centro de Nanotecnología Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor Camino la Pirámide 5750 Huechuraba Santiago Chile
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46
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Gurjar KK, Sharma RK. Synthetic and computational studies on CuI/ligand pair promoted activation of C(Aryl)-Cl bond in C-N coupling reactions. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03233. [PMID: 32055723 PMCID: PMC7005438 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cu/ligand-mediated coupling reactions have been widely investigated in the recent past. However, activation of cheaper aryl chlorides is still a great limitation of these reactions. During the course of present investigations efforts have been made to develop a normal and facile CuI/ligand pair protocol for arylation of phthalimide using aryl chlorides. The protocol has also been extended for arylation of amines. On the basis of experimental and theoretical results, a catalytic cycle has also been proposed and it has been established that these reactions follow oxidative addition-reductive elimination (OA-RE) pathway. These studies have indicated that tetracoordinated [Cu(L1)(L2)]+ complex is active catalytic species in these reactions.
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47
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Malavade V, Patil M, Patil M. Scope, Kinetics, and Mechanism of “On Water” Cu Catalysis in the C-N Cross-Coupling Reactions of Indole Derivatives. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vrunda Malavade
- UM-DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences; University of Mumbai; Vidyanagari Campus, Kalina, Santacruz (East) Mumbai 400098 India
| | - Manish Patil
- UM-DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences; University of Mumbai; Vidyanagari Campus, Kalina, Santacruz (East) Mumbai 400098 India
| | - Mahendra Patil
- UM-DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences; University of Mumbai; Vidyanagari Campus, Kalina, Santacruz (East) Mumbai 400098 India
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48
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Li SJ, Lan Y. Is Cu(iii) a necessary intermediate in Cu-mediated coupling reactions? A mechanistic point of view. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:6609-6619. [PMID: 32441282 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc01946a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The different pathways have been summarized to disclose the key intermediate in copper-mediated coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Jun Li
- College of Chemistry, and Institute of Green Catalysis
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Yu Lan
- College of Chemistry, and Institute of Green Catalysis
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
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49
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Fey N, Koumi A, Malkov AV, Moseley JD, Nguyen BN, Tyler SNG, Willans CE. Mapping the properties of bidentate ligands with calculated descriptors (LKB-bid). Dalton Trans 2020; 49:8169-8178. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01694b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ligand space for bidentates has been mapped, computationally, varying donors, substituents and backbones, to give a new database, LKB-bid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Fey
- School of Chemistry
- University of Bristol
- Bristol BS8 1TS
- UK
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Rysak V, Dixit R, Trivelli X, Merle N, Agbossou-Niedercorn F, Vanka K, Michon C. Catalytic reductive deoxygenation of esters to ethers driven by hydrosilane activation through non-covalent interactions with a fluorinated borate salt. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy00775g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A fluorinated borate BArF salt catalyses the reductive deoxygenation of esters to ethers by using hydrosilanes. Experimental and theoretical studies highlight the role of noncovalent interactions in the reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Rysak
- Univ. Lille
- CNRS
- Centrale Lille
- Univ. Artois
- UMR 8181 – UCCS – Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide
| | - Ruchi Dixit
- Physical and Material Chemistry Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune 411008
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| | | | - Nicolas Merle
- Univ. Lille
- CNRS
- Centrale Lille
- Univ. Artois
- UMR 8181 – UCCS – Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide
| | | | - Kumar Vanka
- Physical and Material Chemistry Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune 411008
- India
| | - Christophe Michon
- Univ. Lille
- CNRS
- Centrale Lille
- Univ. Artois
- UMR 8181 – UCCS – Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide
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