1
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Kazemi S, Lopata A, Kniss A, Pluska L, Güntert P, Sommer T, Prisner TF, Collauto A, Dötsch V. Efficient determination of the accessible conformation space of multi-domain complexes based on EPR PELDOR data. JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR NMR 2023; 77:261-269. [PMID: 37966668 PMCID: PMC10687113 DOI: 10.1007/s10858-023-00426-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Many proteins can adopt multiple conformations which are important for their function. This is also true for proteins and domains that are covalently linked to each other. One important example is ubiquitin, which can form chains of different conformations depending on which of its lysine side chains is used to form an isopeptide bond with the C-terminus of another ubiquitin molecule. Similarly, ubiquitin gets covalently attached to active-site residues of E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes. Due to weak interactions between ubiquitin and its interaction partners, these covalent complexes adopt multiple conformations. Understanding the function of these complexes requires the characterization of the entire accessible conformation space and its modulation by interaction partners. Long-range (1.8-10 nm) distance restraints obtained by EPR spectroscopy in the form of probability distributions are ideally suited for this task as not only the mean distance but also information about the conformation dynamics is encoded in the experimental data. Here we describe a computational method that we have developed based on well-established structure determination software using NMR restraints to calculate the accessible conformation space using PELDOR/DEER data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Kazemi
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue Str. 9, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Signals GmbH & Co. KG, Altenhöferallee 3, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Anna Lopata
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue Str. 9, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Toxicology and the National Tumor Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andreas Kniss
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue Str. 9, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lukas Pluska
- Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125, Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | - Peter Güntert
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue Str. 9, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Physical Science, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Sommer
- Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125, Berlin-Buch, Germany
- Institute for Biology, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstrasse 43, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas F Prisner
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue Str. 9, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Alberto Collauto
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue Str. 9, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, London, W12 0BZ, UK.
| | - Volker Dötsch
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue Str. 9, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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2
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Yang Z, Stein RA, Pink M, Madzelan P, Ngendahimana T, Rajca S, Wilson MA, Eaton SS, Eaton GR, Mchaourab HS, Rajca A. Cucurbit[7]uril Enhances Distance Measurements of Spin-Labeled Proteins. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:25726-25736. [PMID: 37963181 PMCID: PMC10961179 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
We report complex formation between the chloroacetamide 2,6-diazaadamantane nitroxide radical (ClA-DZD) and cucurbit[7]uril (CB-7), for which the association constant in water, Ka = 1.9 × 106 M-1, is at least 1 order of magnitude higher than the previously studied organic radicals. The radical is highly immobilized by CB-7, as indicated by the increase in the rotational correlation time, τrot, by a factor of 36, relative to that in the buffer solution. The X-ray structure of ClA-DZD@CB-7 shows the encapsulated DZD guest inside the undistorted CB-7 host, with the pendant group protruding outside. Upon addition of CB-7 to T4 Lysozyme (T4L) doubly spin-labeled with the iodoacetamide derivative of DZD, we observe the increase in τrot and electron spin coherence time, Tm, along with the narrowing of interspin distance distributions. Sensitivity of the DEER measurements at 83 K increases by a factor 4-9, compared to the common spin label such as MTSL, which is not affected by CB-7. Interspin distances of 3 nm could be reliably measured in water/glycerol up to temperatures near the glass transition/melting temperature of the matrix at 200 K, thus bringing us closer to the goal of supramolecular recognition-enabled long-distance DEER measurements at near physiological temperatures. The X-ray structure of DZD-T4L 65 at 1.12 Å resolution allows for unambiguous modeling of the DZD label (0.88 occupancy), indicating an undisturbed structure and conformation of the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0304, United States
| | - Richard A. Stein
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Maren Pink
- IUMSC, Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405-7102, United States
| | - Peter Madzelan
- Department of Biochemistry and Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0304, United States
| | - Thacien Ngendahimana
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado 80208, United States
| | - Suchada Rajca
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0304, United States
| | - Mark A. Wilson
- Department of Biochemistry and Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0304, United States
| | - Sandra S. Eaton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado 80208, United States
| | - Gareth R. Eaton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado 80208, United States
| | - Hassane S. Mchaourab
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Andrzej Rajca
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0304, United States
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3
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Bogetti X, Bogetti A, Casto J, Rule G, Chong L, Saxena S. Direct observation of negative cooperativity in a detoxification enzyme at the atomic level by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance spectroscopy and simulation. Protein Sci 2023; 32:e4770. [PMID: 37632831 PMCID: PMC10503414 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
The catalytic activity of human glutathione S-transferase A1-1 (hGSTA1-1), a homodimeric detoxification enzyme, is dependent on the conformational dynamics of a key C-terminal helix α9 in each monomer. However, the structural details of how the two monomers interact upon binding of substrates is not well understood and the structure of the ligand-free state of the hGSTA1-1 homodimer has not been resolved. Here, we used a combination of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) distance measurements and weighted ensemble (WE) simulations to characterize the conformational ensemble of the ligand-free state at the atomic level. EPR measurements reveal a broad distance distribution between a pair of Cu(II) labels in the ligand-free state that gradually shifts and narrows as a function of increasing ligand concentration. These shifts suggest changes in the relative positioning of the two α9 helices upon ligand binding. WE simulations generated unbiased pathways for the seconds-timescale transition between alternate states of the enzyme, leading to the generation of atomically detailed structures of the ligand-free state. Notably, the simulations provide direct observations of negative cooperativity between the monomers of hGSTA1-1, which involve the mutually exclusive docking of α9 in each monomer as a lid over the active site. We identify key interactions between residues that lead to this negative cooperativity. Negative cooperativity may be essential for interaction of hGSTA1-1 with a wide variety of toxic substrates and their subsequent neutralization. More broadly, this work demonstrates the power of integrating EPR distances with WE rare-events sampling strategy to gain mechanistic information on protein function at the atomic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Bogetti
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Anthony Bogetti
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Joshua Casto
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Gordon Rule
- Department of Biological SciencesCarnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Lillian Chong
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Sunil Saxena
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
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4
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Rudolph M, Tampé R, Joseph B. Time-Resolved Mn 2+ -NO and NO-NO Distance Measurements Reveal That Catalytic Asymmetry Regulates Alternating Access in an ABC Transporter. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202307091. [PMID: 37459565 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202307091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters shuttle diverse substrates across biological membranes. Transport is often achieved through a transition between an inward-facing (IF) and an outward-facing (OF) conformation of the transmembrane domains (TMDs). Asymmetric nucleotide-binding sites (NBSs) are present among several ABC subfamilies and their functional role remains elusive. Here we addressed this question using concomitant NO-NO, Mn2+ -NO, and Mn2+ -Mn2+ pulsed electron-electron double-resonance spectroscopy of TmrAB in a time-resolved manner. This type-IV ABC transporter undergoes a reversible transition in the presence of ATP with a significantly faster forward transition. The impaired degenerate NBS stably binds Mn2+ -ATP, and Mn2+ is preferentially released at the active consensus NBS. ATP hydrolysis at the consensus NBS considerably accelerates the reverse transition. Both NBSs fully open during each conformational cycle and the degenerate NBS may regulate the kinetics of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Rudolph
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Tampé
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biocenter, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Benesh Joseph
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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5
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Yang Z, Stein RA, Pink M, Madzelan P, Ngendahimana T, Rajca S, Wilson MA, Eaton SS, Eaton GR, Mchaourab HS, Rajca A. Cucurbit[7]uril Enhances Distance Measurements of Spin-Labeled Proteins. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.22.554361. [PMID: 37662277 PMCID: PMC10473685 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.22.554361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
We report complex formation between the chloroacetamide 2,6-diazaadamantane nitroxide radical (ClA-DZD) and cucurbit[7]uril (CB-7), for which the association constant in water, Ka = 1.9 × 106 M-1, is at least one order of magnitude higher than the previously studied organic radicals. The radical is highly immobilized by CB-7, as indicated by the increase of the rotational correlation time, τrot, by a factor of 36, relative to that in the buffer solution. The X-ray structure of ClA-DZD@CB-7 shows the encapsulated DZD guest inside the undistorted CB-7 host, with the pendant group protruding outside. Upon addition of CB-7 to T4 Lysozyme (T4L) doubly spin-labeled with the iodoacetamide derivative of DZD, we observe the increase in τrot and electron spin coherence time, Tm, along with the narrowing of inter-spin distance distributions. Sensitivity of the DEER measurements at 83 K increases by a factor 4 - 9, compared to the common spin label such as MTSL, which is not affected by CB-7. Inter-spin distances of 3-nm could be reliably measured in water/glycerol up to temperatures near the glass transition/melting temperature of the matrix at 200 K, thus bringing us closer to the goal of supramolecular recognition-enabled long-distance DEER measurements at near physiological temperatures. The X-ray structure of DZD-T4L 65 at 1.12 Å resolution allows for unambiguous modeling of the DZD label (0.88 occupancy), indicating undisturbed structure and conformation of the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0304, United States
| | - Richard A. Stein
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Maren Pink
- IUMSC, Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405-7102, United States
| | - Peter Madzelan
- Department of Biochemistry and Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0304, United States
| | - Thacien Ngendahimana
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado 80208, United States
| | - Suchada Rajca
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0304, United States
| | - Mark A. Wilson
- Department of Biochemistry and Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0304, United States
| | - Sandra S. Eaton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado 80208, United States
| | - Gareth R. Eaton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado 80208, United States
| | - Hassane S. Mchaourab
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Andrzej Rajca
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0304, United States
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6
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Guffick C, Hsieh PY, Ali A, Shi W, Howard J, Chinthapalli DK, Kong AC, Salaa I, Crouch LI, Ansbro MR, Isaacson SC, Singh H, Barrera NP, Nair AV, Robinson CV, Deery MJ, van Veen HW. Drug-dependent inhibition of nucleotide hydrolysis in the heterodimeric ABC multidrug transporter PatAB from Streptococcus pneumoniae. FEBS J 2022; 289:3770-3788. [PMID: 35066976 PMCID: PMC9541285 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The bacterial heterodimeric ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) multidrug exporter PatAB has a critical role in conferring antibiotic resistance in multidrug‐resistant infections by Streptococcus pneumoniae. As with other heterodimeric ABC exporters, PatAB contains two transmembrane domains that form a drug translocation pathway for efflux and two nucleotide‐binding domains that bind ATP, one of which is hydrolysed during transport. The structural and functional elements in heterodimeric ABC multidrug exporters that determine interactions with drugs and couple drug binding to nucleotide hydrolysis are not fully understood. Here, we used mass spectrometry techniques to determine the subunit stoichiometry in PatAB in our lactococcal expression system and investigate locations of drug binding using the fluorescent drug‐mimetic azido‐ethidium. Surprisingly, our analyses of azido‐ethidium‐labelled PatAB peptides point to ethidium binding in the PatA nucleotide‐binding domain, with the azido moiety crosslinked to residue Q521 in the H‐like loop of the degenerate nucleotide‐binding site. Investigation into this compound and residue’s role in nucleotide hydrolysis pointed to a reduction in the activity for a Q521A mutant and ethidium‐dependent inhibition in both mutant and wild type. Most transported drugs did not stimulate or inhibit nucleotide hydrolysis of PatAB in detergent solution or lipidic nanodiscs. However, further examples for ethidium‐like inhibition were found with propidium, novobiocin and coumermycin A1, which all inhibit nucleotide hydrolysis by a non‐competitive mechanism. These data cast light on potential mechanisms by which drugs can regulate nucleotide hydrolysis by PatAB, which might involve a novel drug binding site near the nucleotide‐binding domains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pei-Yu Hsieh
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Anam Ali
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Wilma Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Julie Howard
- Cambridge Centre for Proteomics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Alex C Kong
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Ihsene Salaa
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Lucy I Crouch
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | - Nelson P Barrera
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Asha V Nair
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Michael J Deery
- Cambridge Centre for Proteomics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, UK
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7
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Sweger S, Denysenkov V, Maibaum L, Prisner T, Stoll S. The effect of spin polarization on double electron-electron resonance (DEER) spectroscopy. MAGNETIC RESONANCE (GOTTINGEN, GERMANY) 2022; 3:101-110. [PMID: 37905182 PMCID: PMC10583274 DOI: 10.5194/mr-3-101-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Double electron-electron resonance (DEER) spectroscopy measures the distribution of distances between two electron spins in the nanometer range, often on doubly spin-labeled proteins, via the modulation of a refocused spin echo by the dipolar interaction between the spins. DEER is commonly conducted under conditions where the polarization of the spins is small. Here, we examine the DEER signal under conditions of high spin polarization, thermally obtainable at low temperatures and high magnetic fields, and show that the signal acquires a polarization-dependent out-of-phase component both for the intramolecular and intermolecular contributions. For the latter, this corresponds to a phase shift of the spin echo that is linear in the pump pulse position. We derive a compact analytical form of this phase shift and show experimental measurements using monoradical and biradical nitroxides at several fields and temperatures. The effect highlights a novel aspect of the fundamental spin physics underlying DEER spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R. Sweger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Vasyl P. Denysenkov
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry and Center of Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lutz Maibaum
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Thomas F. Prisner
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry and Center of Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Stefan Stoll
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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8
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Chaptal V, Zampieri V, Wiseman B, Orelle C, Martin J, Nguyen KA, Gobet A, Di Cesare M, Magnard S, Javed W, Eid J, Kilburg A, Peuchmaur M, Marcoux J, Monticelli L, Hogbom M, Schoehn G, Jault JM, Boumendjel A, Falson P. Substrate-bound and substrate-free outward-facing structures of a multidrug ABC exporter. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabg9215. [PMID: 35080979 DOI: 10.1101/2021.03.12.435132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug ABC transporters translocate drugs across membranes by a mechanism for which the molecular features of drug release are so far unknown. Here, we resolved three ATP-Mg2+-bound outward-facing conformations of the Bacillus subtilis (homodimeric) BmrA by x-ray crystallography and single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (EM) in detergent solution, one of them with rhodamine 6G (R6G), a substrate exported by BmrA when overexpressed in B. subtilis. Two R6G molecules bind to the drug-binding cavity at the level of the outer leaflet, between transmembrane (TM) helices 1-2 of one monomer and TM5'-6' of the other. They induce a rearrangement of TM1-2, highlighting a local flexibility that we confirmed by hydrogen/deuterium exchange and molecular dynamics simulations. In the absence of R6G, simulations show a fast postrelease occlusion of the cavity driven by hydrophobicity, while when present, R6G can move within the cavity, maintaining it open.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Chaptal
- Drug Resistance and Membrane Proteins Group, Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry Laboratory, CNRS UMR 5086, University of Lyon, IBCP, 7, passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon, France
| | - Veronica Zampieri
- Drug Resistance and Membrane Proteins Group, Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry Laboratory, CNRS UMR 5086, University of Lyon, IBCP, 7, passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon, France
| | - Benjamin Wiseman
- Drug Resistance and Membrane Proteins Group, Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry Laboratory, CNRS UMR 5086, University of Lyon, IBCP, 7, passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon, France
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cédric Orelle
- Bacterial Nucleotide-Binding Proteins Group, Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry Laboratory, CNRS UMR 5086, University of Lyon, IBCP, 7, passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon, France
| | - Juliette Martin
- Modeling Biological Macromolecules Group, Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry Laboratory, CNRS UMR 5086, University of Lyon, IBCP, 7, passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon, France
| | - Kim-Anh Nguyen
- University of Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, LRB, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Alexia Gobet
- Drug Resistance and Membrane Proteins Group, Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry Laboratory, CNRS UMR 5086, University of Lyon, IBCP, 7, passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon, France
| | - Margot Di Cesare
- Bacterial Nucleotide-Binding Proteins Group, Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry Laboratory, CNRS UMR 5086, University of Lyon, IBCP, 7, passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon, France
| | - Sandrine Magnard
- Drug Resistance and Membrane Proteins Group, Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry Laboratory, CNRS UMR 5086, University of Lyon, IBCP, 7, passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon, France
| | - Waqas Javed
- Bacterial Nucleotide-Binding Proteins Group, Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry Laboratory, CNRS UMR 5086, University of Lyon, IBCP, 7, passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon, France
| | - Jad Eid
- Drug Resistance and Membrane Proteins Group, Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry Laboratory, CNRS UMR 5086, University of Lyon, IBCP, 7, passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon, France
| | - Arnaud Kilburg
- Drug Resistance and Membrane Proteins Group, Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry Laboratory, CNRS UMR 5086, University of Lyon, IBCP, 7, passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon, France
| | - Marine Peuchmaur
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DPM UMR 5063, 38041 Grenoble, France
| | - Julien Marcoux
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), UMR 5089, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Luca Monticelli
- Modeling Biological Macromolecules Group, Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry Laboratory, CNRS UMR 5086, University of Lyon, IBCP, 7, passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon, France
| | - Martin Hogbom
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Guy Schoehn
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IBS, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Michel Jault
- Bacterial Nucleotide-Binding Proteins Group, Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry Laboratory, CNRS UMR 5086, University of Lyon, IBCP, 7, passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon, France
| | | | - Pierre Falson
- Drug Resistance and Membrane Proteins Group, Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry Laboratory, CNRS UMR 5086, University of Lyon, IBCP, 7, passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon, France
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9
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Chaptal V, Zampieri V, Wiseman B, Orelle C, Martin J, Nguyen KA, Gobet A, Di Cesare M, Magnard S, Javed W, Eid J, Kilburg A, Peuchmaur M, Marcoux J, Monticelli L, Hogbom M, Schoehn G, Jault JM, Boumendjel A, Falson P. Substrate-bound and substrate-free outward-facing structures of a multidrug ABC exporter. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabg9215. [PMID: 35080979 PMCID: PMC8791611 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg9215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug ABC transporters translocate drugs across membranes by a mechanism for which the molecular features of drug release are so far unknown. Here, we resolved three ATP-Mg2+-bound outward-facing conformations of the Bacillus subtilis (homodimeric) BmrA by x-ray crystallography and single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (EM) in detergent solution, one of them with rhodamine 6G (R6G), a substrate exported by BmrA when overexpressed in B. subtilis. Two R6G molecules bind to the drug-binding cavity at the level of the outer leaflet, between transmembrane (TM) helices 1-2 of one monomer and TM5'-6' of the other. They induce a rearrangement of TM1-2, highlighting a local flexibility that we confirmed by hydrogen/deuterium exchange and molecular dynamics simulations. In the absence of R6G, simulations show a fast postrelease occlusion of the cavity driven by hydrophobicity, while when present, R6G can move within the cavity, maintaining it open.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Chaptal
- Drug Resistance and Membrane Proteins Group, Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry Laboratory, CNRS UMR 5086, University of Lyon, IBCP, 7, passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon, France
| | - Veronica Zampieri
- Drug Resistance and Membrane Proteins Group, Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry Laboratory, CNRS UMR 5086, University of Lyon, IBCP, 7, passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon, France
| | - Benjamin Wiseman
- Drug Resistance and Membrane Proteins Group, Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry Laboratory, CNRS UMR 5086, University of Lyon, IBCP, 7, passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon, France
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cédric Orelle
- Bacterial Nucleotide-Binding Proteins Group, Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry Laboratory, CNRS UMR 5086, University of Lyon, IBCP, 7, passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon, France
| | - Juliette Martin
- Modeling Biological Macromolecules Group, Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry Laboratory, CNRS UMR 5086, University of Lyon, IBCP, 7, passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon, France
| | - Kim-Anh Nguyen
- University of Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, LRB, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Alexia Gobet
- Drug Resistance and Membrane Proteins Group, Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry Laboratory, CNRS UMR 5086, University of Lyon, IBCP, 7, passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon, France
| | - Margot Di Cesare
- Bacterial Nucleotide-Binding Proteins Group, Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry Laboratory, CNRS UMR 5086, University of Lyon, IBCP, 7, passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon, France
| | - Sandrine Magnard
- Drug Resistance and Membrane Proteins Group, Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry Laboratory, CNRS UMR 5086, University of Lyon, IBCP, 7, passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon, France
| | - Waqas Javed
- Bacterial Nucleotide-Binding Proteins Group, Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry Laboratory, CNRS UMR 5086, University of Lyon, IBCP, 7, passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon, France
| | - Jad Eid
- Drug Resistance and Membrane Proteins Group, Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry Laboratory, CNRS UMR 5086, University of Lyon, IBCP, 7, passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon, France
| | - Arnaud Kilburg
- Drug Resistance and Membrane Proteins Group, Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry Laboratory, CNRS UMR 5086, University of Lyon, IBCP, 7, passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon, France
| | - Marine Peuchmaur
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DPM UMR 5063, 38041 Grenoble, France
| | - Julien Marcoux
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), UMR 5089, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Luca Monticelli
- Modeling Biological Macromolecules Group, Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry Laboratory, CNRS UMR 5086, University of Lyon, IBCP, 7, passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon, France
| | - Martin Hogbom
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Guy Schoehn
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IBS, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Michel Jault
- Bacterial Nucleotide-Binding Proteins Group, Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry Laboratory, CNRS UMR 5086, University of Lyon, IBCP, 7, passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon, France
| | | | - Pierre Falson
- Drug Resistance and Membrane Proteins Group, Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry Laboratory, CNRS UMR 5086, University of Lyon, IBCP, 7, passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon, France
- Corresponding author.
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10
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Nguyen D, Abdullin D, Heubach CA, Pfaffeneder T, Nguyen A, Heine A, Reuter K, Diederich F, Schiemann O, Klebe G. Entschlüsselung der ligandeninduzierten Verdrehung eines homodimeren Enzyms mit Hilfe der gepulsten Elektron‐Elektron‐Doppelresonanz‐Spektroskopie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202108179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dzung Nguyen
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie Philipps-Universität Marburg Marbacher Weg 8 35032 Marburg Deutschland
| | - Dinar Abdullin
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn Wegelerstr. 12 53115 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Caspar A. Heubach
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn Wegelerstr. 12 53115 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Toni Pfaffeneder
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI 8093 Zürich Schweiz
| | - Andreas Nguyen
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie Philipps-Universität Marburg Marbacher Weg 8 35032 Marburg Deutschland
| | - Andreas Heine
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie Philipps-Universität Marburg Marbacher Weg 8 35032 Marburg Deutschland
| | - Klaus Reuter
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie Philipps-Universität Marburg Marbacher Weg 8 35032 Marburg Deutschland
| | - François Diederich
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI 8093 Zürich Schweiz
| | - Olav Schiemann
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn Wegelerstr. 12 53115 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Gerhard Klebe
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie Philipps-Universität Marburg Marbacher Weg 8 35032 Marburg Deutschland
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11
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Li D, Chu W, Sheng X, Li W. Optimization of Membrane Protein TmrA Purification Procedure Guided by Analytical Ultracentrifugation. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11100780. [PMID: 34677546 PMCID: PMC8537081 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11100780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Membrane proteins are involved in various cellular processes. However, purification of membrane proteins has long been a challenging task, as membrane protein stability in detergent is the bottleneck for purification and subsequent analyses. Therefore, the optimization of detergent conditions is critical for the preparation of membrane proteins. Here, we utilize analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC) to examine the effects of different detergents (OG, Triton X-100, DDM), detergent concentrations, and detergent supplementation on the behavior of membrane protein TmrA. Our results suggest that DDM is more suitable for the purification of TmrA compared with OG and TritonX-100; a high concentration of DDM yields a more homogeneous protein aggregation state; supplementing TmrA purified with a low DDM concentration with DDM maintains the protein homogeneity and aggregation state, and may serve as a practical and cost-effective strategy for membrane protein purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Li
- Institute of Biomedicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (D.L.); (W.C.)
- National Protein Science Facility, Beijing 100084, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wendan Chu
- Institute of Biomedicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (D.L.); (W.C.)
- National Protein Science Facility, Beijing 100084, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xinlei Sheng
- Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Correspondence: (X.S.); (W.L.); Tel.: +86-1062782031 (W.L.)
| | - Wenqi Li
- Institute of Biomedicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (D.L.); (W.C.)
- National Protein Science Facility, Beijing 100084, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Correspondence: (X.S.); (W.L.); Tel.: +86-1062782031 (W.L.)
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12
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Harris A, Wagner M, Du D, Raschka S, Nentwig LM, Gohlke H, Smits SHJ, Luisi BF, Schmitt L. Structure and efflux mechanism of the yeast pleiotropic drug resistance transporter Pdr5. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5254. [PMID: 34489436 PMCID: PMC8421411 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25574-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pdr5, a member of the extensive ABC transporter superfamily, is representative of a clinically relevant subgroup involved in pleiotropic drug resistance. Pdr5 and its homologues drive drug efflux through uncoupled hydrolysis of nucleotides, enabling organisms such as baker’s yeast and pathogenic fungi to survive in the presence of chemically diverse antifungal agents. Here, we present the molecular structure of Pdr5 solved with single particle cryo-EM, revealing details of an ATP-driven conformational cycle, which mechanically drives drug translocation through an amphipathic channel, and a clamping switch within a conserved linker loop that acts as a nucleotide sensor. One half of the transporter remains nearly invariant throughout the cycle, while its partner undergoes changes that are transmitted across inter-domain interfaces to support a peristaltic motion of the pumped molecule. The efflux model proposed here rationalises the pleiotropic impact of Pdr5 and opens new avenues for the development of effective antifungal compounds. Pdr5 is an ABC transporter conferring multidrug resistance to pathogenic fungi. Here, structural analysis of Pdr5 provides insights into the transport mechanism featuring asymmetric movements of Pdr5 domain and enabling efflux of a broad spectrum of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Harris
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Manuel Wagner
- Institute of Biochemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Medac GmbH, Theatherstraße 6, Wedel, Germany
| | - Dijun Du
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,School of Life Sciences and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Pudong, Shanghai, China
| | - Stefanie Raschka
- Institute of Biochemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lea-Marie Nentwig
- Institute of Biochemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Holger Gohlke
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Pharmacy, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, Düsseldorf, Germany.,John von Neumann Institute for Computing (NIC), Jülich Supercomputing Centre (JSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany.,Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany.,Institute of Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-4: Bioinformatics), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Sander H J Smits
- Institute of Biochemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Center for Structural Studies, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ben F Luisi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Lutz Schmitt
- Institute of Biochemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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13
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Klebe G, Nguyen D, Abdullin D, Heubach CA, Pfaffeneder T, Nguyen A, Heine A, Reuter K, Diederich F, Schiemann O. Unraveling a ligand-induced twist of a homodimeric enzyme by pulsed electron-electron double resonance. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:23419-23426. [PMID: 34387025 PMCID: PMC8597004 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202108179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mechanistic insights into protein–ligand interactions can yield chemical tools for modulating protein function and enable their use for therapeutic purposes. For the homodimeric enzyme tRNA‐guanine transglycosylase (TGT), a putative virulence target of shigellosis, ligand binding has been shown by crystallography to transform the functional dimer geometry into an incompetent twisted one. However, crystallographic observation of both end states does neither verify the ligand‐induced transformation of one dimer into the other in solution nor does it shed light on the underlying transformation mechanism. We addressed these questions in an approach that combines site‐directed spin labeling (SDSL) with distance measurements based on pulsed electron–electron double resonance (PELDOR or DEER) spectroscopy. We observed an equilibrium between the functional and twisted dimer that depends on the type of ligand, with a pyranose‐substituted ligand being the most potent one in shifting the equilibrium toward the twisted dimer. Our experiments suggest a dissociation–association mechanism for the formation of the twisted dimer upon ligand binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Klebe
- Univ. of Marburg, Inst. Pharmaceut. Chem., Marbacher Weg 6, D35032, Marburg, GERMANY
| | - Dzung Nguyen
- Philipps-Universität Marburg: Philipps-Universitat Marburg, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, GERMANY
| | - Dinar Abdullin
- Universität Bonn: Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat Bonn, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, GERMANY
| | - Caspar A Heubach
- Universität Bonn: Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat Bonn, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, GERMANY
| | - Toni Pfaffeneder
- ETH-Zürich LOC: Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich Laboratorium fur Organische Chemie, Organic Chemistry, SWITZERLAND
| | - Andreas Nguyen
- Philipps-Universität Marburg: Philipps-Universitat Marburg, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, GERMANY
| | - Andreas Heine
- Philipps-Universität Marburg: Philipps-Universitat Marburg, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, GERMANY
| | - Klaus Reuter
- Philipps-Universität Marburg: Philipps-Universitat Marburg, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, GERMANY
| | - Francois Diederich
- ETH Zurich Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences: Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich Departement Chemie und Angewandte Biowissenschaften, Organic Chemistry, SWITZERLAND
| | - Olav Schiemann
- Universität Bonn: Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat Bonn, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, GERMANY
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14
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Stefan E, Obexer R, Hofmann S, Vu Huu K, Huang Y, Morgner N, Suga H, Tampé R. De novo macrocyclic peptides dissect energy coupling of a heterodimeric ABC transporter by multimode allosteric inhibition. eLife 2021; 10:67732. [PMID: 33929325 PMCID: PMC8116058 DOI: 10.7554/elife.67732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters constitute the largest family of primary active transporters involved in a multitude of physiological processes and human diseases. Despite considerable efforts, it remains unclear how ABC transporters harness the chemical energy of ATP to drive substrate transport across cell membranes. Here, by random nonstandard peptide integrated discovery (RaPID), we leveraged combinatorial macrocyclic peptides that target a heterodimeric ABC transport complex and explore fundamental principles of the substrate translocation cycle. High-affinity peptidic macrocycles bind conformationally selective and display potent multimode inhibitory effects. The macrocycles block the transporter either before or after unidirectional substrate export along a single conformational switch induced by ATP binding. Our study reveals mechanistic principles of ATP binding, conformational switching, and energy transduction for substrate transport of ABC export systems. We highlight the potential of de novo macrocycles as effective inhibitors for membrane proteins implicated in multidrug resistance, providing avenues for the next generation of pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erich Stefan
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biocenter, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Richard Obexer
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Susanne Hofmann
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biocenter, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Khanh Vu Huu
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Yichao Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nina Morgner
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Hiroaki Suga
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Robert Tampé
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biocenter, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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15
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Giannoulis A, Ben-Ishay Y, Goldfarb D. Characteristics of Gd(III) spin labels for the study of protein conformations. Methods Enzymol 2021; 651:235-290. [PMID: 33888206 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2021.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gd(III) complexes are currently established as spin labels for structural studies of biomolecules using pulse dipolar electron paramagnetic resonance (PD-EPR) techniques. This has been achieved by the availability of medium- and high-field spectrometers, understanding the spin physics underlying the spectroscopic properties of high spin Gd(III) (S=7/2) pairs and their dipolar interaction, the design of well-defined model compounds and optimization of measurement techniques. In addition, a variety of Gd(III) chelates and labeling schemes have allowed a broad scope of applications. In this review, we provide a brief background of the spectroscopic properties of Gd(III) pertinent for effective PD-EPR measurements and focus on the various labels available to date. We report on their use in PD-EPR applications and highlight their pros and cons for particular applications. We also devote a section to recent in-cell structural studies of proteins using Gd(III), which is an exciting new direction for Gd(III) spin labeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki Giannoulis
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yasmin Ben-Ishay
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Daniella Goldfarb
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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16
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Millan CR, Francis M, Khandelwal NK, Thompson VF, Thaker TM, Tomasiak TM. A Conserved Motif in Intracellular Loop 1 Stabilizes the Outward-Facing Conformation of TmrAB. J Mol Biol 2021; 433:166834. [PMID: 33524413 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.166834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The ATP binding cassette (ABC) family of transporters moves small molecules (lipids, sugars, peptides, drugs, nutrients) across membranes in nearly all organisms. Transport activity requires conformational switching between inward-facing and outward-facing states driven by ATP-dependent dimerization of two nucleotide binding domains (NBDs). The mechanism that connects ATP binding and hydrolysis in the NBDs to conformational changes in a substrate binding site in the transmembrane domains (TMDs) is currently an outstanding question. Here we use sequence coevolution analyses together with biochemical characterization to investigate the role of a highly conserved region in intracellular loop 1 we define as the GRD motif in coordinating domain rearrangements in the heterodimeric peptide exporter from Thermus thermophilus, TmrAB. Mutations in the GRD motif alter ATPase activity as well as transport. Disulfide crosslinking, evolutionary trace, and evolutionary coupling analysis reveal that these effects are likely due to the destabilization of a network in which the GRD motif in TmrA bridges residues of the Q-loop, X-loop, and ABC motif in the NBDs to residues in the TmrAB peptide substrate binding site, thus providing an avenue for conformational coupling. We further find that disruption of this network in TmrA versus TmrB has different functional consequences, hinting at an intrinsic asymmetry in heterodimeric ABC transporters extending beyond that of the NBDs. These results support a mechanism in which the GRD motifs help coordinate a transition to an outward open conformation, and each half of the transporter likely plays a different role in the conformational cycle of TmrAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinthia R Millan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
| | - Martina Francis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
| | | | - Valery F Thompson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
| | - Tarjani M Thaker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
| | - Thomas M Tomasiak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
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17
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Lowjaga KAAT, Kirstgen M, Müller SF, Goldmann N, Lehmann F, Glebe D, Geyer J. Long-term trans-inhibition of the hepatitis B and D virus receptor NTCP by taurolithocholic acid. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2021; 320:G66-G80. [PMID: 33174454 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00263.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human hepatic bile acid transporter Na+/taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) represents the liver-specific entry receptor for the hepatitis B and D viruses (HBV/HDV). Chronic hepatitis B and D affect several million people worldwide, but treatment options are limited. Recently, HBV/HDV entry inhibitors targeting NTCP have emerged as promising novel drug candidates. Nevertheless, the exact molecular mechanism that NTCP uses to mediate virus binding and entry into hepatocytes is still not completely understood. It is already known that human NTCP mRNA expression is downregulated under cholestasis. Furthermore, incubation of rat hepatocytes with the secondary bile acid taurolithocholic acid (TLC) triggers internalization of the rat Ntcp protein from the plasma membrane. In the present study, the long-term inhibitory effect of TLC on transport function, HBV/HDV receptor function, and membrane expression of human NTCP were analyzed in HepG2 and human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells stably overexpressing NTCP. Even after short-pulse preincubation, TLC had a significant long-lasting inhibitory effect on the transport function of NTCP, but the NTCP protein was still present at the plasma membrane. Furthermore, binding of the HBV/HDV myr-preS1 peptide and susceptibility for in vitro HDV infection were significantly reduced by TLC preincubation. We hypothesize that TLC rapidly accumulates in hepatocytes and mediates long-lasting trans-inhibition of the transport and receptor function of NTCP via a particular TLC-binding site at an intracellularly accessible domain of NTCP. Physiologically, this trans-inhibition might protect hepatocytes from toxic overload of bile acids. Pharmacologically, it provides an interesting novel NTCP target site for potential long-acting HBV/HDV entry inhibitors.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The hepatic bile acid transporter NTCP is a high-affinity receptor for hepatitis B and D viruses. This study shows that TLC rapidly accumulates in NTCP-expressing hepatoma cells and mediates long-lasting trans-inhibition of NTCP's transporter and receptor function via an intracellularly accessible domain, without substantially affecting its membrane expression. This domain is a promising novel NTCP target site for pharmacological long-acting HBV/HDV entry inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira A A T Lowjaga
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Michael Kirstgen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Simon F Müller
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Nora Goldmann
- Institute of Medical Virology, National Reference Center for Hepatitis B Viruses and Hepatitis D Viruses, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Felix Lehmann
- Institute of Medical Virology, National Reference Center for Hepatitis B Viruses and Hepatitis D Viruses, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Dieter Glebe
- Institute of Medical Virology, National Reference Center for Hepatitis B Viruses and Hepatitis D Viruses, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Joachim Geyer
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
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18
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Bordignon E, Seeger MA, Galazzo L, Meier G. From in vitro towards in situ: structure-based investigation of ABC exporters by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:3839-3856. [PMID: 33219535 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) exporters have been studied now for more than four decades, and recent structural investigation has produced a large number of protein database entries. Yet, important questions about how ABC exporters function at the molecular level remain debated, such as which are the molecular recognition hotspots and the allosteric couplings dynamically regulating the communication between the catalytic cycle and the export of substrates. This conundrum mainly arises from technical limitations confining all research to in vitro analysis of ABC transporters in detergent solutions or embedded in membrane-mimicking environments. Therefore, a largely unanswered question is how ABC exporters operate in situ, namely in the native membrane context of a metabolically active cell. This review focuses on novel mechanistic insights into type I ABC exporters gained through a unique combination of structure determination, biochemical characterization, generation of conformation-specific nanobodies/sybodies and double electron-electron resonance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Bordignon
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Markus A Seeger
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Laura Galazzo
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Gianmarco Meier
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
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19
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Stockner T, Gradisch R, Schmitt L. The role of the degenerate nucleotide binding site in type I ABC exporters. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:3815-3838. [PMID: 33179257 PMCID: PMC7756269 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) transporters are fascinating molecular machines that are capable of transporting a large variety of chemically diverse compounds. The energy required for translocation is derived from binding and hydrolysis of ATP. All ABC transporters share a basic architecture and are composed of two transmembrane domains and two nucleotide binding domains (NBDs). The latter harbor all conserved sequence motifs that hallmark the ABC transporter superfamily. The NBDs form the nucleotide binding sites (NBSs) in their interface. Transporters with two active NBSs are called canonical transporters, while ABC exporters from eukaryotic organisms, including humans, frequently have a degenerate NBS1 containing noncanonical residues that strongly impair ATP hydrolysis. Here, we summarize current knowledge on degenerate ABC transporters. By integrating structural information with biophysical and biochemical evidence of asymmetric function, we develop a model for the transport cycle of degenerate ABC transporters. We will elaborate on the unclear functional advantages of a degenerate NBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Stockner
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ralph Gradisch
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lutz Schmitt
- Institute of Biochemistry, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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20
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Lewinson O, Orelle C, Seeger MA. Structures of ABC transporters: handle with care. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:3799-3814. [PMID: 33098660 PMCID: PMC7756565 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In the past two decades, the ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) transporters' field has undergone a structural revolution. The importance of structural biology to the development of the field of ABC transporters cannot be overstated, as the ensemble of structures not only revealed the architecture of ABC transporters but also shaped our mechanistic view of these remarkable molecular machines. Nevertheless, we advocate that the mechanistic interpretation of the structures is not trivial and should be carried out with prudence. Herein, we bring several examples of structures of ABC transporters that merit re‐interpretation via careful comparison to experimental data. We propose that it is of the upmost importance to place new structures within the context of the available experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oded Lewinson
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and the Rappaport Institute for Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Cédric Orelle
- CNRS, Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry (MMSB, UMR 5086), University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Markus A Seeger
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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21
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Barth K, Rudolph M, Diederichs T, Prisner TF, Tampé R, Joseph B. Thermodynamic Basis for Conformational Coupling in an ATP-Binding Cassette Exporter. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:7946-7953. [PMID: 32818376 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters constitute one of the largest protein superfamilies, and they mediate the transport of diverse substrates across the membrane. The molecular mechanism for transducing the energy from ATP binding and hydrolysis into the conformational changes remains elusive. Here, we determined the thermodynamics underlying the ATP-induced global conformational switching for the ABC exporter TmrAB using temperature-resolved pulsed electron-electron double resonance (PELDOR or DEER) spectroscopy. We show that a strong entropy-enthalpy compensation mechanism enables the closure of the nucleotide-binding domains (NBDs) over a wide temperature range. This is mechanically coupled with an outward opening of the transmembrane domains (TMDs) accompanied by an entropy gain. The conserved catalytic glutamate plays a key role in the overall energetics. Our results reveal the thermodynamic basis for the chemomechanical energy coupling in an ABC exporter and present a new strategy to explore the energetics of similar membrane protein complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Barth
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
- Centre of Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Michael Rudolph
- Centre of Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
- Institute of Biophysics, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Tim Diederichs
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biocenter, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Thomas F Prisner
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
- Centre of Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Robert Tampé
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biocenter, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Benesh Joseph
- Centre of Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
- Institute of Biophysics, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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22
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Fábregas Ibáñez L, Jeschke G, Stoll S. DeerLab: a comprehensive software package for analyzing dipolar electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy data. MAGNETIC RESONANCE (GOTTINGEN, GERMANY) 2020; 1:209-224. [PMID: 34568875 PMCID: PMC8462493 DOI: 10.5194/mr-1-209-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Dipolar EPR spectroscopy (DEER and other techniques) enables the structural characterization of macromolecular and biological systems by measurement of distance distributions between unpaired electrons on a nanometer scale. The inference of these distributions from the measured signals is challenging due to the ill-posed nature of the inverse problem. Existing analysis tools are scattered over several applications with specialized graphical user interfaces. This renders comparison, reproducibility, and method development difficult. To remedy this situation, we present DeerLab, an open-source software package for analyzing dipolar EPR data that is modular and implements a wide range of methods. We show that DeerLab can perform one-step analysis based on separable non-linear least squares, fit dipolar multi-pathway models to multi-pulse DEER data, run global analysis with non-parametric distributions, and use a bootstrapping approach to fully quantify the uncertainty in the analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Fábregas Ibáñez
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gunnar Jeschke
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Stoll
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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23
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Göddeke H, Schäfer LV. Capturing Substrate Translocation in an ABC Exporter at the Atomic Level. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:12791-12801. [PMID: 32578427 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c05502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters chemomechanically couple ATP binding and hydrolysis to large-scale conformational changes, ultimately leading to substrate translocation across biological membranes. Despite recent progress in the structure determination of substrate-bound ABC exporters, the inherently dynamic mechanism of substrate transport remains unclear at the atomic level. In this work, we capture substrate translocation in the heterodimeric ABC exporter TM287/288 from the hyperthermophilic bacterium Thermotoga maritima using all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Unguided multimicrosecond simulations at 375 K show how the drugs daunorubicin and verapamil, which were initially docked into the ABC transporter, get translocated through the exporter by following its large-scale alternating access conformational transitions between an inward-facing (IF) and an outward-facing (OF) conformation. Triggered by the affinity difference due to differential solvation of the binding cavity in the IF and OF conformations, the substrates unbind from the OF transporter and partition into the lipid bilayer. While daunorubicin is stably inserted into the outer leaflet of the bilayer, verapamil dynamically flip flops between the bilayer leaflets, possibly rendering its net transport futile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Göddeke
- Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Lars V Schäfer
- Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
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24
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Yang Z, Stein RA, Ngendahimana T, Pink M, Rajca S, Jeschke G, Eaton SS, Eaton GR, Mchaourab HS, Rajca A. Supramolecular Approach to Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Distance Measurement of Spin-Labeled Proteins. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:3291-3299. [PMID: 32227839 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c00743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a host-guest molecular recognition approach to advance double electron-electron resonance (DEER) distance measurements of spin-labeled proteins. We synthesized an iodoacetamide derivative of 2,6-diazaadamantane nitroxide (DZD) spin label that could be doubly incorporated into T4 Lysozyme (T4L) by site-directed spin labeling with efficiency up to 50% per cysteine. The rigidity of the fused ring structure and absence of mobile methyl groups increase the spin echo dephasing time (Tm) at temperatures above 80 K. This enables DEER measurements of distances >4 nm in DZD-labeled T4L in glycerol/water at temperatures up to 150 K with increased sensitivity compared to that of a common spin label such as MTSL. Addition of β-cyclodextrin reduces the rotational correlation time of the label, slightly increases Tm, and most importantly, narrows (and slightly lengthens) the interspin distance distributions. The distance distributions are in good agreement with simulated distance distributions obtained by rotamer libraries. These results provide a foundation for developing supramolecular recognition to facilitate long-distance DEER measurements at near physiological temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0304, United States
| | - Richard A Stein
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Thacien Ngendahimana
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado 80208, United States
| | - Maren Pink
- IUMSC, Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405-7102, United States
| | - Suchada Rajca
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0304, United States
| | - Gunnar Jeschke
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sandra S Eaton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado 80208, United States
| | - Gareth R Eaton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado 80208, United States
| | - Hassane S Mchaourab
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Andrzej Rajca
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0304, United States
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25
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Galazzo L, Meier G, Timachi MH, Hutter CAJ, Seeger MA, Bordignon E. Spin-labeled nanobodies as protein conformational reporters for electron paramagnetic resonance in cellular membranes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:2441-2448. [PMID: 31964841 PMCID: PMC7007536 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1913737117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanobodies are emerging tools in a variety of fields such as structural biology, cell imaging, and drug discovery. Here we pioneer the use of their spin-labeled variants as reporters of conformational dynamics of membrane proteins using DEER spectroscopy. At the example of the bacterial ABC transporter TM287/288, we show that two gadolinium-labeled nanobodies allow us to quantify, via analysis of the modulation depth of DEER traces, the fraction of transporters adopting the outward-facing state under different experimental conditions. Additionally, we quantitatively follow the interconversion from the outward- to the inward-facing state in the conformational ensemble under ATP turnover conditions. We finally show that the specificity of the nanobodies for the target protein allows the direct attainment of structural information on the wild-type TM287/288 expressed in cellular membranes without the need to purify or label the investigated membrane protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Galazzo
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Gianmarco Meier
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zürich, 8006 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - M Hadi Timachi
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Cedric A J Hutter
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zürich, 8006 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Markus A Seeger
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zürich, 8006 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Enrica Bordignon
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany;
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26
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Dastvan R, Mishra S, Peskova YB, Nakamoto RK, Mchaourab HS. Mechanism of allosteric modulation of P-glycoprotein by transport substrates and inhibitors. Science 2019; 364:689-692. [PMID: 31097669 DOI: 10.1126/science.aav9406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 1 (ABCB1) multidrug transporter P-glycoprotein plays a central role in clearance of xenobiotics in humans and is implicated in cancer resistance to chemotherapy. We used double electron electron resonance spectroscopy to uncover the basis of stimulation of P-glycoprotein adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) hydrolysis by multiple substrates and illuminate how substrates and inhibitors differentially affect its transport function. Our results reveal that substrate-induced acceleration of ATP hydrolysis correlates with stabilization of a high-energy, post-ATP hydrolysis state characterized by structurally asymmetric nucleotide-binding sites. By contrast, this state is destabilized in the substrate-free cycle and by high-affinity inhibitors in favor of structurally symmetric nucleotide binding sites. Together with previous data, our findings lead to a general model of substrate and inhibitor coupling to P-glycoprotein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Dastvan
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Smriti Mishra
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Yelena B Peskova
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Robert K Nakamoto
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Hassane S Mchaourab
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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27
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Multidrug ABC transporters in bacteria. Res Microbiol 2019; 170:381-391. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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28
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Peter MF, Tuukkanen AT, Heubach CA, Selsam A, Duthie FG, Svergun DI, Schiemann O, Hagelueken G. Studying Conformational Changes of the Yersinia Type-III-Secretion Effector YopO in Solution by Integrative Structural Biology. Structure 2019; 27:1416-1426.e3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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29
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Srikant S, Gaudet R. Mechanics and pharmacology of substrate selection and transport by eukaryotic ABC exporters. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2019; 26:792-801. [PMID: 31451804 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-019-0280-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Much structural information has been amassed on ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, including hundreds of structures of isolated domains and an increasing array of full-length transporters. The structures capture different steps in the transport cycle and have aided in the design and interpretation of computational simulations and biophysics experiments. These data provide a maturing, although still incomplete, elucidation of the protein dynamics and mechanisms of substrate selection and transit through the transporters. We present an updated view of the classical alternating-access mechanism as it applies to eukaryotic ABC transporters, focusing on type I exporters. Our model helps frame the progress in, and remaining questions about, transporter energetics, how substrates are selected and how ATP is consumed to perform work at the molecular scale. Many human ABC transporters are associated with disease; we highlight progress in understanding their pharmacology through the lens of structural biology and describe how this knowledge suggests approaches to pharmacologically targeting these transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriram Srikant
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Rachelle Gaudet
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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30
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Lai Y, Kuo Y, Chiang Y. Identifying Protein Conformational Dynamics Using Spin‐label ESR. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:3981-3991. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201900855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yei‐Chen Lai
- Department of Chemistry National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry&Biochemistry University of California Santa Barbara CA 93106-9510 USA
| | - Yun‐Hsuan Kuo
- Department of Chemistry National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
| | - Yun‐Wei Chiang
- Department of Chemistry National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
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31
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Bock C, Zollmann T, Lindt KA, Tampé R, Abele R. Peptide translocation by the lysosomal ABC transporter TAPL is regulated by coupling efficiency and activation energy. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11884. [PMID: 31417173 PMCID: PMC6695453 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48343-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The lysosomal polypeptide transporter TAPL belongs to the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette transporters. TAPL forms a homodimeric transport complex, which translocates oligo- and polypeptides into the lumen of lysosomes driven by ATP hydrolysis. Although the structure and the function of ABC transporters were intensively studied in the past, details about the single steps of the transport cycle are still elusive. Therefore, we analyzed the coupling of peptide binding, transport and ATP hydrolysis for different substrate sizes. Although longer and shorter peptides bind with the same affinity and are transported with identical Km values, they differ significantly in their transport rates. This difference can be attributed to a higher activation energy for the longer peptide. TAPL shows a basal ATPase activity, which is inhibited in the presence of longer peptides. Uncoupling between ATP hydrolysis and peptide transport increases with peptide length. Remarkably, also the type of nucleotide determines the uncoupling. While GTP is hydrolyzed as good as ATP, peptide transport is significantly reduced. In conclusion, TAPL does not differentiate between transport substrates in the binding process but during the following steps in the transport cycle, whereas, on the other hand, not only the coupling efficiency but also the activation energy varies depending on the size of peptide substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Bock
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biocenter, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Str. 9, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Tina Zollmann
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biocenter, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Str. 9, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Katharina-Astrid Lindt
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biocenter, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Str. 9, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Robert Tampé
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biocenter, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Str. 9, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Rupert Abele
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biocenter, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Str. 9, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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32
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Joseph B, Jaumann EA, Sikora A, Barth K, Prisner TF, Cafiso DS. In situ observation of conformational dynamics and protein ligand-substrate interactions in outer-membrane proteins with DEER/PELDOR spectroscopy. Nat Protoc 2019; 14:2344-2369. [PMID: 31278399 PMCID: PMC6886689 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-019-0182-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Observing structure and conformational dynamics of membrane proteins at high-resolution in their native environments is challenging because of the lack of suitable techniques. We have developed an approach for high-precision distance measurements in the nanometer range for outer membrane proteins (OMPs) in intact E. coli and native membranes. OMPs in Gram-negative bacteria rarely have reactive cysteines. This enables in-situ labeling of engineered cysteines with a methanethiosulfonate functionalized nitroxide spin label (MTSL) with minimal background signals. Following overexpression of the target protein, spin labeling is performed with E. coli or isolated outer membranes (OM) under selective conditions. The interspin distances are measured in-situ using pulsed electron-electron double resonance spectroscopy (PELDOR or DEER). The residual background signals, which are problematic for in-situ structural biology, contributes specifically to the intermolecular part of the signal and can be selectively removed to extract the desired interspin distance distribution. The initial cloning stage can take 5–7 d and the subsequent protein expression, OM isolation, spin labeling, PELDOR experiment, and the data analysis typically take 4–5 d. The described protocol provides a general strategy for observing protein-ligand/substrate interactions, oligomerization, and conformational dynamics of OMPs in the native OM and intact E. coli. EDITORIAL SUMMARY This protocol describes how to label bacterial outer membrane proteins with spin labels to study conformational changes and their interaction with ligands and substrates in native membranes and cells using Pulsed Electron-Electron Double Resonance (PELDOR or DEER) spectroscopy. TWEET A new protocol for studying conformational changes and ligand/substrate interactions of bacterial outer membrane proteins in-situ. COVER TEASER Studying membrane protein conformations in-situ
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Affiliation(s)
- Benesh Joseph
- Institute of Biophysics, Department of Physics, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. .,Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Eva A Jaumann
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Arthur Sikora
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Membrane Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Katja Barth
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Thomas F Prisner
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - David S Cafiso
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Membrane Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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33
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Hetzke T, Bowen AM, Vogel M, Gauger M, Suess B, Prisner TF. Binding of tetracycline to its aptamer determined by 2D-correlated Mn 2+ hyperfine spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2019; 303:105-114. [PMID: 31039520 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The tetracycline-binding RNA aptamer (TC-aptamer) binds its cognate ligand the antibiotic tetracycline (TC) via a Mg2+ or Mn2+ ion with high affinity at high divalent metal ion concentrations (KD=800pM, ⩾10 mM). These concentrations lie above the physiological divalent metal ion concentration of ca. 1 mM and it is known from literature, that the binding affinity decreases upon decreasing the divalent metal ion concentration. This work uses a Mn2+ concentration of 1 mM and 1D-hyperfine experiments reveal two pronounced 31P couplings from the RNA besides the 13C signal of 13C-labeled TC. From these 1D-hyperfine data alone, however, no conclusions can be drawn on the binding of TC. Either TC may bind via Mn2+ to the aptamer or TC may form a free Mn-TC complex and some Mn2+ also binds to the aptamer. In this work, we show using 2D-correlated hyperfine spectroscopy at Q-band frequencies (34 GHz), that the 13C and 31P signals can be correlated; thus arising from a single species. We use THYCOS (triple hyperfine correlation spectroscopy) and 2D ELDOR-detected NMR (2D electron electron double resonance detected NMR) for this purpose showing that they are suitable techniques to correlate two different nuclear spin species (13C and 31P) on two different molecules (RNA and TC) to the same electron spin (Mn2+). Out of the two observed 31P-hyperfine couplings, only one shows a clear correlation to 13C. Although THYCOS and 2D EDNMR yield identical results, 2D EDNMR is far more sensitive. THYCOS spectra needed a time factor of ×20 in comparison to 2D EDNMR to achieve a comparable signal-to-noise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thilo Hetzke
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry and Center of Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Alice M Bowen
- Center for Advanced Electron Spin Resonance (CAESR), Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Marc Vogel
- Department of Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Maximilian Gauger
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry and Center of Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Beatrix Suess
- Department of Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Thomas F Prisner
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry and Center of Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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34
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Bordignon E, Kucher S, Polyhach Y. EPR Techniques to Probe Insertion and Conformation of Spin-Labeled Proteins in Lipid Bilayers. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 2003:493-528. [PMID: 31218631 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9512-7_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy of spin-labeled membrane proteins is a valuable biophysical technique to study structural details and conformational transitions of proteins close to their physiological environment, for example, in liposomes, membrane bilayers, and nanodiscs. Unlike in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, having only one or few specific side chains labeled at a time with paramagnetic probes makes the size of the object under investigation irrelevant in terms of technique sensitivity. As a drawback, extensive site-directed mutagenesis is required in order to analyze the properties of the protein under investigation. EPR can provide detailed information on side chain dynamics of large membrane proteins or protein complexes embedded in membranes with an exquisite sensitivity for flexible regions and on water accessibility profiles across the membrane bilayer. Moreover, distances between the two spin-labeled side chains in membrane proteins can be detected with high precision at cryogenic temperatures. The application of EPR to membrane proteins still presents some challenges in terms of sample preparation, sensitivity and data interpretation, thus it is difficult to give ready-to-go methodological recipes. However, new technological developments (arbitrary waveform generators) and new spin labels spectroscopically orthogonal to nitroxides increased the range of applicability from in vitro toward in-cell EPR experiments. This chapter is an updated version of the one published in the first edition of the book and describes the state of the art in the application of nitroxide-based site-directed spin labeling EPR to membrane proteins, addressing new tools such as arbitrary waveform generators and spectroscopically orthogonal labels, such as Gd(III)-based labels. We will present challenges in sample preparation and data analysis for functional and structural membrane protein studies using site-directed spin labeling techniques and give experimental details on EPR techniques providing information on side chain dynamics and water accessibility using nitroxide probes. An updated optimal Q-band DEER setup for nitroxide probes will be described, and its extension to gadolinium-containing samples will be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Bordignon
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Svetlana Kucher
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Yevhen Polyhach
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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35
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Husada F, Bountra K, Tassis K, de Boer M, Romano M, Rebuffat S, Beis K, Cordes T. Conformational dynamics of the ABC transporter McjD seen by single-molecule FRET. EMBO J 2018; 37:e100056. [PMID: 30237313 PMCID: PMC6213277 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2018100056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
ABC transporters utilize ATP for export processes to provide cellular resistance against toxins, antibiotics, and harmful metabolites in eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Based on static structure snapshots, it is believed that they use an alternating access mechanism, which couples conformational changes to ATP binding (outward-open conformation) and hydrolysis (inward-open) for unidirectional transport driven by ATP Here, we analyzed the conformational states and dynamics of the antibacterial peptide exporter McjD from Escherichia coli using single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer (smFRET). For the first time, we established smFRET for an ABC exporter in a native-like lipid environment and directly monitor conformational dynamics in both the transmembrane- (TMD) and nucleotide-binding domains (NBD). With this, we unravel the ligand dependences that drive conformational changes in both domains. Furthermore, we observe intrinsic conformational dynamics in the absence of ATP and ligand in the NBDs. ATP binding and hydrolysis on the other hand can be observed via NBD conformational dynamics. We believe that the progress made here in combination with future studies will facilitate full understanding of ABC transport cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Husada
- Molecular Microscopy Research Group, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kiran Bountra
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot, UK
| | - Konstantinos Tassis
- Molecular Microscopy Research Group, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marijn de Boer
- Molecular Microscopy Research Group, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Romano
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot, UK
| | - Sylvie Rebuffat
- Communication Molecules and Adaptation of Microorganisms Laboratory, (MCAM, UMR 7245 CNRS-MNHN), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Konstantinos Beis
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot, UK
| | - Thorben Cordes
- Molecular Microscopy Research Group, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Physical and Synthetic Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
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36
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Göddeke H, Timachi MH, Hutter CAJ, Galazzo L, Seeger MA, Karttunen M, Bordignon E, Schäfer LV. Atomistic Mechanism of Large-Scale Conformational Transition in a Heterodimeric ABC Exporter. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:4543-4551. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b12944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Göddeke
- Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - M. Hadi Timachi
- EPR Spectroscopy, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Cedric A. J. Hutter
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zürich, 8006 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Laura Galazzo
- EPR Spectroscopy, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Markus A. Seeger
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zürich, 8006 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Mikko Karttunen
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Applied Mathematics, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Enrica Bordignon
- EPR Spectroscopy, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Lars V. Schäfer
- Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
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