1
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Cai M, Zhang L, Zhang W, Lin Q, Luo S. Enantioselective Transformations by "1 + x" Synergistic Catalysis with Chiral Primary Amines. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:1523-1537. [PMID: 38700481 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.4c00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
ConspectusSynergistic catalysis is a powerful tool that involves two or more distinctive catalytic systems to activate reaction partners simultaneously, thereby expanding the reactivity space of individual catalysis. As an established catalytic strategy, organocatalysis has found numerous applications in enantioselective transformations under rather mild conditions. Recently, the introduction of other catalytic systems has significantly expanded the reaction space of typical organocatalysis. In this regard, aminocatalysis is a prototypical example of synergistic catalysis. The combination of aminocatalyst and transition metal could be traced back to the early days of organocatalysis and has now been well explored as an enabling catalytic strategy. Particularly, the acid-base properties of aminocatalysis can be significantly expanded to include usually electrophiles generated in situ via metal-catalyzed cycles. Later on, aminocatalyst has also been exploited in synergistically combining with photochemical and electrochemical processes to facilitate redox transformations. However, synergistically combining one type of aminocatalyst with many different catalytic systems remains a great challenge. One of the most daunting challenges is the compatibility of aminocatalysts in coexistence with other catalytic species. As nucleophilic species, aminocatalysts may also bind with metal, which leads to mutual inhibition or even quenching of the individual catalytic activity. In addition, oxidative stability of aminocatalyst is also a non-neglectable issue, which causes difficulties in exploring oxidative enamine transformations.In 2007, we developed a vicinal diamine type of chiral primary aminocatalysts. This class of primary aminocatalysts was developed and evolved as functional and mechanistic mimics to the natural aldolase and has been widely applied in a number of enamine/iminium ion-based transformations. By following a "1 + x" synergistic strategy, the chiral primary amine catalysts were found to work synergistically or cooperatively with a number of transition metal catalysts, such as Pd, Rh, Ag, Co, and Cu, or other organocatalysts, such as B(C6F5)3, ketone, selenium, and iodide. Photocatalysis and electrochemical processes can also be incorporated to work together with the chiral primary amine catalysts. The 1 + x catalytic strategy enabled us to execute unexploited transformations by fine-tuning the acid-base and redox properties of the enamine intermediates and to achieve effective reaction and stereocontrol beyond the reach individually. During these efforts, an unprecedented excited-state chemistry of enamine was uncovered to make possible an effective deracemization process. In this Account, we describe our recent efforts since 2015 in exploring synergistic chiral primary amine catalysis, and the content is categorized according to the type of synergistic partner such that in each section the developed synergistic catalysis, reaction scopes, and mechanistic features are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Cai
- Center of Basic Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Center of Basic Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wenzhao Zhang
- Center of Basic Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qifeng Lin
- Center of Basic Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Sanzhong Luo
- Center of Basic Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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2
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Bulger AS, Turner DW, Zhou Q, Houk KN, Garg NK. Evaluation of Retro-Aldol vs Retro-Carbonyl-Ene Mechanistic Pathways in a Complexity-Generating C-C Bond Fragmentation. Org Lett 2024; 26:3602-3606. [PMID: 38648196 PMCID: PMC11068157 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
We report an experimental and computational investigation of the likely mechanism of a cascade reaction. The reaction involves an intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction, followed by a C-C bond cleavage, to afford a complex bridged bicyclic product. As multiple reaction pathways could be envisioned for the latter step, the mechanism of the C-C bond cleavage step was investigated. Two reasonable reaction pathways were evaluated. Both computations and experiments indicate that the C-C bond cleavage step proceeds by a retro-carbonyl-ene pathway rather than a retro-aldol pathway. This report underscores the synergy between computational and experimental studies and establishes the mechanism of an interesting complexity-generating transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana S Bulger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Daniel W Turner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Qingyang Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - K N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Neil K Garg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
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3
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Yan Q, Zhuang Z, Fan R, Wang J, Yao T, Tan J. Access to N-Aryl (Iso)quinolones via Aryne-Induced Three-Component Coupling Reaction. Org Lett 2024; 26:1840-1844. [PMID: 38412291 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c04385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
N-Aryl (iso)quinolones are of increasing interest in material and medicinal chemistry, although general routes for their provision remain underexplored, especially when compared with its N-alkyl counterparts. Herein, we report a modular and transition-metal-free, aryne-induced three-component coupling protocol that allows the facile synthesis of structurally diverse N-aryl (iso)quinolones from readily accessible halo-(iso)quinolines in the presence of water. Preliminary results highlight the applicability of our method through scale-up synthesis, downstream derivatization, and flexible synthesis involving other types of aryne precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Yan
- College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology (BUCT), Beijing 100029, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Zhe Zhuang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology (BUCT), Beijing 100029, China
| | - Rong Fan
- College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology (BUCT), Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jingwen Wang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology (BUCT), Beijing 100029, China
| | - Tuanli Yao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Jiajing Tan
- College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology (BUCT), Beijing 100029, China
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4
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Pan G, Pu M, Wang H, Ying M, Li Y, Dong S, Feng X, Liu X. Catalytic Enantioselective Nucleophilic Addition to Arynes by a New Quaternary Guanidinium Salt-Based Phase-Transfer Catalyst. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:26318-26327. [PMID: 37962558 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the mild generation methods, arynes have been widely used in synthetic chemistry. However, achieving asymmetric organocatalytic reactions with arynes remains a formidable and infrequent challenge, primarily because these neutral and transient species tend to spontaneously quench. To address this issue, a solid-liquid phase-transfer strategy is devised in which the generation speed of arynes could be controlled by the in situ generated fluoride-based chiral phase-transfer catalyst. In this study, we present a catalytic enantioselective nucleophilic addition reaction involving arynes, utilizing an amino amide-based guanidinium salt QG•X. Furthermore, we demonstrate the broad compatibility of this reaction with various arynes and cyclic/acyclic β-keto amides, leading to the creation of diverse α-aryl quaternary stereocenters with good stereoselectivity. Mechanistic investigations have uncovered the potential involvement of a chiral intramolecular cationic-anionic pair and HF during the ion exchange between QG•X and CsF for nucleophile activation and aryne generation. Additionally, DFT calculations suggested that the observed high levels of enantioselectivity can be attributed to steric repulsion and the cumulative noncovalent interactions between the catalysts and substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guihua Pan
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Maoping Pu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Hongyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Meijia Ying
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Shunxi Dong
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xiaoming Feng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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5
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Chen J, Liu S, Su S, Fan R, Zhang R, Meng W, Tan J. Sulfonium-based precise alkyl transposition reactions. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi1370. [PMID: 37713480 PMCID: PMC10881050 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi1370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM), a sulfonium-based cofactor, plays an important role in numerous biological processes as methyl donor. Inspired by the function of sulfonium motif in this nature's synthetic toolkit, we here present an aryne-activation strategy that the sulfonium intermediates in situ generated from thioethers display unique reactivity toward alkyl group transposition. Experimental and theoretical studies indicate that the reaction occurs in an intermolecular fashion where the TfO--incorporated [K(18-crown-6)] complex acts as a key promoter for this thermodynamically favored process. Next, a series of robust, easy-to-prepare sulfonium salts are designed and developed as electrophilic alkylation reagents accordingly. Both systems feature for broad scope, excellent selectivity, and simple operation. Moreover, we highlight the synthetic value through molecular editing and late-stage modification of complex scaffolds or even active pharmaceutical ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology (BUCT), Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shilu Liu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology (BUCT), Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shuaisong Su
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology (BUCT), Beijing 100029, China
| | - Rong Fan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology (BUCT), Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ruirui Zhang
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology (BUCT), Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wei Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiajing Tan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology (BUCT), Beijing 100029, China
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6
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Fan R, Liu S, Yan Q, Wei Y, Wang J, Lan Y, Tan J. Empowering boronic acids as hydroxyl synthons for aryne induced three-component coupling reactions. Chem Sci 2023; 14:4278-4287. [PMID: 37123174 PMCID: PMC10132127 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00072a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Boronic acids have become one of the most prevalent classes of reagents in modern organic synthesis, displaying various reactivity profiles via C-B bond cleavage. Herein, we describe the utilization of a readily available boronic acid as an efficient surrogate of hydroxide upon activation via fluoride complexation. The hitherto unknown aryne induced ring-opening reaction of cyclic sulfides and three-component coupling of fluoro-azaarenes are developed to exemplify the application value. Different from metal hydroxides or water, this novel hydroxy source displays mild activation conditions, great functionality tolerance and structural tunability, which shall engender a new synthetic paradigm and in a broad context offer new blueprints for organoboron chemistry. Detailed computational studies also recognize the fluoride activation mode, provide in-depth insights into the unprecedented mechanistic pathway and elucidate the reactivity difference of ArB(OH) x F y complexes, which fully support the experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Fan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Shihan Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University Chongqing 400030 China
| | - Qiang Yan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Yun Wei
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Jingwen Wang
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Yu Lan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University Chongqing 400030 China
- ZhengZhou JiShu Institute of AI Science Zhengzhou 450000 China
| | - Jiajing Tan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
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7
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Kamikawa K. Asymmetric reactions involving aryne intermediates. Nat Rev Chem 2023:10.1038/s41570-023-00485-y. [PMID: 37117814 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-023-00485-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Although arynes are usually considered fleeting intermediates, they are highly valuable synthons because they enable the introduction of aromatic rings and the simultaneous formation of new bonds at two sites. Although catalytic reactions using transition metals are excellent method for constructing complex polycyclic aromatic molecules in a single step, the use of asymmetric catalysis for the capture of arynes remains a crucial goal for the progress of aryne chemistry. Catalytic asymmetric reactions of arenes are challenging, requiring sufficient interactions between the neutral and highly reactive short-lived aryne intermediates in a stereo-controlled fashion. In addition, spontaneous decomposition, as well as side reactions, has hindered their development and, until recently, highly enantioselective reactions using arynes had remained elusive. This Review highlights asymmetric reactions using arynes, featuring diastereoselective, enantioselective and catalytic enantioselective reactions.
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8
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Li L, Shan C, Shi J, Li W, Lan Y, Li Y. The Stannum-Ene Reactions of Benzyne and Cyclohexyne with Superb Chemoselectivity for Cyclohexyne. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202117351. [PMID: 35170157 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202117351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The stannum-ene reactions of both benzyne and cyclohexyne were realized, which is particularly suitable for cyclohexyne with a broad substrate scope and excellent chemoselectivity. Our DFT calculations via distortion/interaction analysis revealed that both stannum- and hydrogen-ene reactions with cyclohexyne have later transition states due to their higher distortion energies in the transition states than those in benzyne reactions, which lead to enhanced Pauli repulsion as the decisive factor in the interaction energy accompanied with enlarged energy gap between two types of ene reactions. Therefore, excellent chemoselectivity was disclosed in the cyclohexyne-ene reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianggui Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng St., Chongqing, 400030, P. R. China
| | - Chunhui Shan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng St., Chongqing, 400030, P. R. China.,College of Chemistry, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, P. R. China
| | - Jiarong Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng St., Chongqing, 400030, P. R. China
| | - Wensheng Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, P. R. China
| | - Yu Lan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng St., Chongqing, 400030, P. R. China.,Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng St., Chongqing, 400030, P. R. China.,College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
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9
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Lyons DJM, Dinh AH, Ton NNH, Crocker RD, Mai BK, Nguyen TV. Ring Contraction of Tropylium Ions into Benzenoid Derivatives. Org Lett 2022; 24:2520-2525. [PMID: 35324211 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report a method to convert substituted tropylium ions into benzenoid derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demelza J M Lyons
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - An H Dinh
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Nhan N H Ton
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Reece D Crocker
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Binh Khanh Mai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Thanh Vinh Nguyen
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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10
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Li L, Shan C, Shi J, Li W, Lan Y, Li Y. The Stannum–Ene Reactions of Benzyne and Cyclohexyne with Superb Chemoselectivity for Cyclohexyne. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202117351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lianggui Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chongqing University 174 Shazheng St. Chongqing 400030 P. R. China
| | - Chunhui Shan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chongqing University 174 Shazheng St. Chongqing 400030 P. R. China
- College of Chemistry Chongqing Normal University Chongqing 401331 P. R. China
| | - Jiarong Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chongqing University 174 Shazheng St. Chongqing 400030 P. R. China
| | - Wensheng Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chongqing University of Technology Chongqing 400054 P. R. China
| | - Yu Lan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chongqing University 174 Shazheng St. Chongqing 400030 P. R. China
- Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan 450001 P. R. China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chongqing University 174 Shazheng St. Chongqing 400030 P. R. China
- College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
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11
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Jeon YK, Kim WS. 1,3-Aza-Brook Rearrangement of Aniline Derivatives: In Situ Generation of 3-Aminoaryne via 1,3-C-(sp 2)-to-N Silyl Migration. Org Lett 2021; 23:7545-7549. [PMID: 34553933 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The design, synthesis, and validation of 3-aminobenzyne precursors induced by C-(sp2)-to-N 1,3-aza-Brook rearrangement have been achieved, allowing access to diverse aniline derivatives. Through crossover experiments, we demonstrated the intramolecular mechanism of 1,3-C-to-N silyl transfer. To gain insight into the regioselectivity observed in the reactions, we performed density functional theory calculations. Finally, the method was applied to the synthesis of xylanigripones A in five linear steps in an overall yield of 30%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Kyo Jeon
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, South Korea
| | - Won-Suk Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, South Korea
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12
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Abstract
A benzyne-mediated esterification of carboxylic acids and alcohols under mild conditions has been realized, which is made possible via a selective nucleophilic addition of carboxylic acid to benzyne in the presence of alcohol. After a subsequent transesterification with alcohol, the corresponding esters can be produced efficiently. This benzyne-mediated protocol can be used on the modification of Ibuprofen, cholesterol, estradiol, and synthesis of nandrolone phenylpropionate. In addition, benzyne can also be used to promote lactonization and amidation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing, P. R. China, 400030
| | - Jiarong Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing, P. R. China, 400030
| | - Yang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing, P. R. China, 400030.,College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China, 130012
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13
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Wang M, Wang W, Li D, Wang WJ, Zhan R, Shao LD. α-C(sp 3)-H Arylation of Cyclic Carbonyl Compounds. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2021; 11:379-404. [PMID: 34097248 PMCID: PMC8275813 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-021-00312-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
α-C(sp3)-H arylation is an important type of C-H functionalization. Various biologically significant natural products, chemical intermediates, and drugs have been effectively prepared via C-H functionalization. Cyclic carbonyl compounds comprise of cyclic ketones, enones, lactones, and lactams. The α-C(sp3)-H arylation of these compounds have been exhibited high efficiency in forming C(sp3)-C(sp2) bonds, played a crucial role in organic synthesis, and attracted majority of interests from organic and medicinal communities. This review focused on the most significant advances including methods, mechanism, and applications in total synthesis of natural products in the field of α-C(sp3)-H arylations of cyclic carbonyl compounds in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Wang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650050, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650050, China
| | - Dashan Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650050, China
| | - Wen-Jing Wang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650050, China
| | - Rui Zhan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650050, China.
| | - Li-Dong Shao
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650050, China.
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14
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Anthony S, Wonilowicz LG, McVeigh MS, Garg NK. Leveraging Fleeting Strained Intermediates to Access Complex Scaffolds. JACS AU 2021; 1:897-912. [PMID: 34337603 PMCID: PMC8317162 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Arynes, strained cyclic alkynes, and strained cyclic allenes were validated as plausible intermediates in the 1950s and 1960s. Despite initially being considered mere scientific curiosities, these transient and highly reactive species have now become valuable synthetic building blocks. This Perspective highlights recent advances in the field that have allowed access to structural and stereochemical complexity, including recent breakthroughs in asymmetric catalysis.
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15
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Xu YZ, Tian JW, Sha F, Li Q, Wu XY. Concise Synthesis of Chromene/Chromane-Type Aryne Precursors and Their Applications. J Org Chem 2021; 86:6765-6779. [PMID: 33852309 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The gram-scale synthesis of 5,6-, 6,7-, and 7,8-chromene/chromane-type aryne precursors and their applications in regioselective transformation to other functional derivatives is reported. Chromene/chromane-type arynes are generated under mild conditions, which can further undergo [2 + 2], [3 + 2], and [4 + 2] cycloaddition reactions, nucleophilic addition reactions, and σ-insertion reactions to produce structurally novel substituted chromenes and chromanes. The excellent regioselectivity of the reaction is facilitated by the oxygen-containing guiding groups at the ortho-position of the triple bond, which can be removed or switched to other functional groups including alkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and arylamino groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Ze Xu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jia-Wei Tian
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Feng Sha
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qiong Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xin-Yan Wu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, China
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16
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Martins B, Kaiser D, Bauer A, Tiefenbrunner I, Maulide N. Formal Enone α-Arylation via I(III)-Mediated Aryl Migration/Elimination. Org Lett 2021; 23:2094-2098. [PMID: 33635665 PMCID: PMC7985840 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
A formal enone α-arylation is described. This metal-free transformation relies on the I(III)-mediated skeletal reorganization of silyl enol ethers and features mild conditions, good yields, and high stereoselectivities for β-substituted enones.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adriano Bauer
- University of Vienna, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Währinger Strasse 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Irmgard Tiefenbrunner
- University of Vienna, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Währinger Strasse 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nuno Maulide
- University of Vienna, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Währinger Strasse 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarong Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing, P. R. China, 400030
| | - Lianggui Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing, P. R. China, 400030
| | - Yang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing, P. R. China, 400030
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18
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Mochimatsu T, Aota Y, Kano T, Maruoka K. CuCl
2
‐Mediated Oxidative Intramolecular α‐Arylation of Ketones with Phenolic Nucleophiles via Oxy‐Allyl Cation Intermediates. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:3816-3819. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.202001032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takuto Mochimatsu
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Yusuke Aota
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Taichi Kano
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Keiji Maruoka
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Kyoto University Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
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19
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Yoshioka E, Kakigi K, Miyoshi S, Kawasaki Y, Miyabe H. Aryne Precursors for Selective Generation of 3-Haloarynes: Preparation and Application to Synthetic Reactions. J Org Chem 2020; 85:13544-13556. [PMID: 32985890 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and reaction of new 3-haloaryne precursors 2a-2h were studied. The ortho-(trimethylsilyl)aryl triflate precursors 2a-2h were prepared by a simple procedure involving O-trimethylsilylation and migration of a trimethylsilyl group followed by triflation. The remarkable feature of new precursors is the selective generation of 3-haloarynes by suppressing the competitive thia-Fries rearrangement, which is the problem in the reaction using the well-known 3-haloaryne precursors. The advantage of new precursor 2a over a typical precursor 1 was confirmed by the direct comparisons in several reactions. The application of precursors 2a-2h to the syntheses of heterocycles was also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eito Yoshioka
- School of Pharmacy, Hyogo University of Health Sciences, Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-8530, Japan
| | - Kengo Kakigi
- School of Pharmacy, Hyogo University of Health Sciences, Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-8530, Japan
| | - Shouta Miyoshi
- School of Pharmacy, Hyogo University of Health Sciences, Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-8530, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kawasaki
- School of Pharmacy, Hyogo University of Health Sciences, Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-8530, Japan
| | - Hideto Miyabe
- School of Pharmacy, Hyogo University of Health Sciences, Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-8530, Japan
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20
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Zawodny W, Teskey CJ, Mishevska M, Völkl M, Maryasin B, González L, Maulide N. α‐Funktionalisierung von Ketonen durch metallfreie elektrophile Aktivierung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Zawodny
- Institut für organische Chemie Universität Wien Währinger Straße 38 1090 Wien Österreich
| | - Christopher J. Teskey
- Institut für organische Chemie Universität Wien Währinger Straße 38 1090 Wien Österreich
| | - Magdalena Mishevska
- Institut für organische Chemie Universität Wien Währinger Straße 38 1090 Wien Österreich
| | - Martin Völkl
- Institut für organische Chemie Universität Wien Währinger Straße 38 1090 Wien Österreich
| | - Boris Maryasin
- Institut für organische Chemie Universität Wien Währinger Straße 38 1090 Wien Österreich
- Institut für theoretische Chemie Universität Wien Währinger Straße 17 1090 Wien Österreich
| | - Leticia González
- Institut für theoretische Chemie Universität Wien Währinger Straße 17 1090 Wien Österreich
| | - Nuno Maulide
- Institut für organische Chemie Universität Wien Währinger Straße 38 1090 Wien Österreich
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21
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Zawodny W, Teskey CJ, Mishevska M, Völkl M, Maryasin B, González L, Maulide N. α-Functionalisation of Ketones Through Metal-Free Electrophilic Activation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:20935-20939. [PMID: 32914929 PMCID: PMC7693173 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Triflic anhydride mediated activation of acetophenones leads to highly electrophilic intermediates that can undergo a variety of transformations when treated with nucleophiles. This electrophilic ketone activation gives access to α‐arylated and α‐oxyaminated acetophenones under metal‐free conditions in moderate to excellent yields and enables extension to the synthesis of arylated morpholines via generation of vinylsulfonium salts. Computational investigations confirmed the transient existence of intermediates derived from vinyl triflates and the role of the oxygen atoms at the para position of aromatic ring in facilitating their stabilisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Zawodny
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christopher J Teskey
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Magdalena Mishevska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Völkl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Boris Maryasin
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 17, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Leticia González
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 17, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nuno Maulide
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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22
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Intercepting fleeting cyclic allenes with asymmetric nickel catalysis. Nature 2020; 586:242-247. [PMID: 32846425 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2701-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Strained cyclic organic molecules, such as arynes, cyclic alkynes and cyclic allenes, have intrigued chemists for more than a century with their unusual structures and high chemical reactivity1. The considerable ring strain (30-50 kilocalories per mole)2,3 that characterizes these transient intermediates imparts high reactivity in many reactions, including cycloadditions and nucleophilic trappings, often generating structurally complex products4. Although strategies to control absolute stereochemistry in these reactions have been reported using stoichiometric chiral reagents5,6, catalytic asymmetric variants to generate enantioenriched products have remained difficult to achieve. Here we report the interception of racemic cyclic allene intermediates in a catalytic asymmetric reaction and provide evidence for two distinct mechanisms that control absolute stereochemistry in such transformations: kinetic differentiation of allene enantiomers and desymmetrization of intermediate π-allylnickel complexes. Computational studies implicate a catalytic mechanism involving initial kinetic differentiation of the cyclic allene enantiomers through stereoselective olefin insertion, loss of the resultant stereochemical information, and subsequent introduction of absolute stereochemistry through desymmetrization of an intermediate π-allylnickel complex. These results reveal reactivity that is available to cyclic allenes beyond the traditional cycloadditions and nucleophilic trappings previously reported, thus expanding the types of product accessible from this class of intermediates. Additionally, our computational studies suggest two potential strategies for stereocontrol in reactions of cyclic allenes. Combined, these results lay the foundation for the development of catalytic asymmetric reactions involving these classically avoided strained intermediates.
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23
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Lahm ME, Maynard RK, Turney JM, Weinhold F, Schaefer HF. Substituted Ortho-Benzynes: Properties of the Triple Bond. J Org Chem 2020; 85:9905-9914. [PMID: 32614582 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Ortho-benzyne has been well studied by both experiment and theory. Its substituted variants, however, have been less carefully examined. Benchmark data are computed for unsubstituted ortho-benzyne using several density functional theory functionals and basis sets, up to cc-pVQZ. Optimized geometries for the substituted ortho-benzyne as well as harmonic vibrational frequencies and singlet-triplet splittings are computed using the benchmarked functionals. A proximal (syn)OH substitution causes a mean θ1 distortion of +8.1 ± 1.4° from ortho-benzyne. Substituting in the proximal position with F shifts the singlet-triplet splitting by +4.5 ± 0.4 kcal mol-1 from ortho-benzyne. Natural bond orbital analysis, including natural Coulomb electrostatics, elucidates the presence of three influences from the selected substituents: hyperconjugative, resonance, and electrostatic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell E Lahm
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Ryan K Maynard
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Justin M Turney
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Frank Weinhold
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Henry F Schaefer
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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24
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Li L, Li Y, Fu N, Zhang L, Luo S. Catalytic Asymmetric Electrochemical α‐Arylation of Cyclic β‐Ketocarbonyls with Anodic Benzyne Intermediates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:14347-14351. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Longji Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Yao Li
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS) Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Niankai Fu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Long Zhang
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS) Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Sanzhong Luo
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS) Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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25
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Li L, Li Y, Fu N, Zhang L, Luo S. Catalytic Asymmetric Electrochemical α‐Arylation of Cyclic β‐Ketocarbonyls with Anodic Benzyne Intermediates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Longji Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Yao Li
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS) Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Niankai Fu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Long Zhang
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS) Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Sanzhong Luo
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS) Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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26
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Aota Y, Doko Y, Kano T, Maruoka K. Brønsted Acid-Catalyzed Intramolecular α-Arylation of Ketones with Phenolic Nucleophiles via Oxy-Allyl Cation Intermediates. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Aota
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo 606-8502 Kyoto Japan
| | - Yuki Doko
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo 606-8502 Kyoto Japan
| | - Taichi Kano
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo 606-8502 Kyoto Japan
| | - Keiji Maruoka
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo 606-8502 Kyoto Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Kyoto University; Sakyo 606-8501 Kyoto Japan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry; Guangdong University of Technology; 510006 Guangzhou China
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27
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Li J, Bauer A, Di Mauro G, Maulide N. α-Arylation of Carbonyl Compounds through Oxidative C-C Bond Activation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:9816-9819. [PMID: 31112360 PMCID: PMC6771532 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201904899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A synthetically useful approach for the direct α-arylation of carbonyl compounds through a novel oxidative C-C bond activation is reported. This mechanistically unusual process relies on a 1,2-aryl shift and results in all-carbon quaternary centers. The transformation displays broad functional-group tolerance and can in principle also be applied as an asymmetric variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- University of ViennaInstitute of Organic ChemistryWähringer Strasse 381090ViennaAustria
| | - Adriano Bauer
- University of ViennaInstitute of Organic ChemistryWähringer Strasse 381090ViennaAustria
| | - Giovanni Di Mauro
- University of ViennaInstitute of Organic ChemistryWähringer Strasse 381090ViennaAustria
| | - Nuno Maulide
- University of ViennaInstitute of Organic ChemistryWähringer Strasse 381090ViennaAustria
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28
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Li J, Bauer A, Di Mauro G, Maulide N. α‐Arylierung von Carbonylverbindungen mittels oxidativer C‐C‐Bindungsaktivierung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201904899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Universität WienInstitut für organische Chemie Währinger Strasse 38 1090 Wien Österreich
| | - Adriano Bauer
- Universität WienInstitut für organische Chemie Währinger Strasse 38 1090 Wien Österreich
| | - Giovanni Di Mauro
- Universität WienInstitut für organische Chemie Währinger Strasse 38 1090 Wien Österreich
| | - Nuno Maulide
- Universität WienInstitut für organische Chemie Währinger Strasse 38 1090 Wien Österreich
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29
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Hirama N, Sakamoto R, Maruoka K. Synthesis of α‐Quaternary Aldehydes via a Stereoselective Semi‐Pinacol Rearrangement of Optically Active Epoxy Alcohols. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201900299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naomichi Hirama
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of ScienceKyoto University Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Ryu Sakamoto
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of ScienceKyoto University Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Keiji Maruoka
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of ScienceKyoto University Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light IndustryGuangdong University of Technology China
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30
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Ciccolini C, De Crescentini L, Mantellini F, Santeusanio S, Favi G. Zn(II)-Catalyzed Addition of Aromatic/Heteroaromatic C(sp 2)-H to Azoalkenes: A Polarity-Reversed Arylation of Carbonyl Compounds. Org Lett 2019; 21:4388-4391. [PMID: 31117718 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
An umpolung α-(hetero)arylation strategy that involves the Michael-type reaction between electron-rich (hetero)aromatic substrates and azoalkenes is developed. The reaction proceeds under very mild conditions at room temperature and in the presence of inexpensive, nontoxic ZnCl2 catalyst to provide access to otherwise inaccessible hydrazone structures. Subsequent hydrolysis of these latter to ketones as well as other valuable synthetic transformations to a variety of heterocyclic scaffolds demonstrate the usefulness of this protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Ciccolini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Section of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technologies , University of Urbino "Carlo Bo" , Via I Maggetti 24 , 61029 Urbino , Italy
| | - Lucia De Crescentini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Section of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technologies , University of Urbino "Carlo Bo" , Via I Maggetti 24 , 61029 Urbino , Italy
| | - Fabio Mantellini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Section of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technologies , University of Urbino "Carlo Bo" , Via I Maggetti 24 , 61029 Urbino , Italy
| | - Stefania Santeusanio
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Section of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technologies , University of Urbino "Carlo Bo" , Via I Maggetti 24 , 61029 Urbino , Italy
| | - Gianfranco Favi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Section of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technologies , University of Urbino "Carlo Bo" , Via I Maggetti 24 , 61029 Urbino , Italy
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31
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Rezayee NM, Lauridsen VH, Næsborg L, Nguyen TVQ, Tobiesen HN, Jørgensen KA. Oxidative organocatalysed enantioselective coupling of indoles with aldehydes that forms quaternary carbon stereocentres. Chem Sci 2019; 10:3586-3591. [PMID: 30996950 PMCID: PMC6432613 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc00196d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The first organocatalysed, metal-free cross-nucleophile coupling of indoles with α-branched aldehydes forming acyclic stereoselective quaternary carbon centres is presented. Applying an amino acid-derived catalyst with suitable organic oxidants affords the desired enantioenriched indole functionalised products with moderate to excellent yield and enantioselectivity. Two metal-free oxidative protocols employing either DDQ or a sequential approach that uses two organocatalysts to facilitate the use of O2 as the terminal oxidant are disclosed. These methods are compatible with various indoles ranging from electron-rich to -deficient substituents at the C-2, -5, -6, and -7-positions reacting with a series of different α-branched aldehydes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nomaan M Rezayee
- Department of Chemistry , Aarhus University , DK-8000 Aarhus C , Denmark .
| | - Vibeke H Lauridsen
- Department of Chemistry , Aarhus University , DK-8000 Aarhus C , Denmark .
| | - Line Næsborg
- Department of Chemistry , Aarhus University , DK-8000 Aarhus C , Denmark .
| | - Thanh V Q Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry , Aarhus University , DK-8000 Aarhus C , Denmark .
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32
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Ring Expansion of Alkylidenecarbenes Derived from Lactams, Lactones, and Thiolactones into Strained Heterocyclic Alkynes: A Theoretical Study. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24030593. [PMID: 30736417 PMCID: PMC6384652 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Strained cycloalkynes are of considerable interest to theoreticians and experimentalists, and possess much synthetic value as well. Herein, a series of cyclic alkylidenecarbenes—formally obtained by replacing the carbonyl oxygen of four-, five-, and six-membered lactams, lactones, and thiolactones with a divalent carbon—were modeled at the CCSD(T)/cc-pVTZ//B3LYP/6-311+G** and CCSD(T)/cc-pVTZ//CCSD/6-311+G** levels of theory. The singlet carbenes were found to be more stable than the triplets. The strained heterocyclic alkynes formed by ring expansion of these singlet carbenes were also modeled. Interestingly, the C≡C bonds in the five-membered heterocycles, obtained from the rearrangement of β-lactam- and β-lactone-derived alkylidenecarbenes, displayed lengths intermediate between formal double and triple bonds. Furthermore, 2-(1-azacyclobutylidene)carbene was found to be nearly isoenergetic with its ring-expanded isomer, and 1-oxacyclopent-2-yne was notably higher in energy than its precursor carbene. In all other cases, the cycloalkynes were lower in energy than the corresponding carbenes. The transition states for ring-expansion were always lower for the 1,2-carbon shifts than for 1,2-nitrogen or oxygen shifts, but higher than for the 1,2-sulfur shifts. These predictions should be verifiable using carbenes bearing appropriate isotopic labels. Computed vibrational spectra for the carbenes, and their ring-expanded isomers, are presented and could be of value to matrix isolation experiments.
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33
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Uchida K, Yoshida S, Hosoya T. Synthetic Aryne Chemistry toward Multicomponent Coupling. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2019. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.77.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Suguru Yoshida
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Takamitsu Hosoya
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
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34
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Kallepu S, Sanjeev K, Chegondi R, Mainkar PS, Chandrasekhar S. Benzyne Insertion onto β-Keto Esters of Polycyclic Natural Products: Synthesis of Benzo Octacyclo Scaffolds. Org Lett 2018; 20:7121-7124. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shivakrishna Kallepu
- Department of Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Karekar Sanjeev
- Department of Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Rambabu Chegondi
- Department of Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Prathama S. Mainkar
- Department of Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Srivari Chandrasekhar
- Department of Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi 110025, India
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35
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Wachtendorf D, Geibel I, Schmidtmann M, Christoffers J. Octahydrocyclopenta[c
]pyridine Scaffold - Enantioselective Synthesis and Indole Annulation. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Wachtendorf
- Institut für Chemie; Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg; 26111 Oldenburg Germany
| | - Irina Geibel
- Institut für Chemie; Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg; 26111 Oldenburg Germany
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; California Institute of Technology; 91125 Pasadena CA USA
| | - Marc Schmidtmann
- Institut für Chemie; Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg; 26111 Oldenburg Germany
| | - Jens Christoffers
- Institut für Chemie; Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg; 26111 Oldenburg Germany
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36
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Zhang J, Xie Z. Broad Scope Extra-Annular [4 + 2] Cycloaddition of o
-Carboryne with Styrenes: Efficient Route to Carborane-Fused Polycyclics. CHINESE J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201800355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin New Territories Hong Kong, China
| | - Zuowei Xie
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin New Territories Hong Kong, China
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