1
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Wenger ES, Martinie RJ, Ushimaru R, Pollock CJ, Sil D, Li A, Hoang N, Palowitch GM, Graham BP, Schaperdoth I, Burke EJ, Maggiolo AO, Chang WC, Allen BD, Krebs C, Silakov A, Boal AK, Bollinger JM. Optimized Substrate Positioning Enables Switches in the C-H Cleavage Site and Reaction Outcome in the Hydroxylation-Epoxidation Sequence Catalyzed by Hyoscyamine 6β-Hydroxylase. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:24271-24287. [PMID: 39172701 PMCID: PMC11374477 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c04406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Hyoscyamine 6β-hydroxylase (H6H) is an iron(II)- and 2-oxoglutarate-dependent (Fe/2OG) oxygenase that produces the prolifically administered antinausea drug, scopolamine. After its namesake hydroxylation reaction, H6H then couples the newly installed C6 oxygen to C7 to produce the drug's epoxide functionality. Oxoiron(IV) (ferryl) intermediates initiate both reactions by cleaving C-H bonds, but it remains unclear how the enzyme switches the target site and promotes (C6)O-C7 coupling in preference to C7 hydroxylation in the second step. In one possible epoxidation mechanism, the C6 oxygen would─analogously to mechanisms proposed for the Fe/2OG halogenases and, in our more recent study, N-acetylnorloline synthase (LolO)─coordinate as alkoxide to the C7-H-cleaving ferryl intermediate to enable alkoxyl coupling to the ensuing C7 radical. Here, we provide structural and kinetic evidence that H6H does not employ substrate coordination or repositioning for the epoxidation step but instead exploits the distinct spatial dependencies of competitive C-H cleavage (C6 vs C7) and C-O-coupling (oxygen rebound vs cyclization) steps to promote the two-step sequence. Structural comparisons of ferryl-mimicking vanadyl complexes of wild-type H6H and a variant that preferentially 7-hydroxylates instead of epoxidizing 6β-hydroxyhyoscyamine suggest that a modest (∼10°) shift in the Fe-O-H(C7) approach angle is sufficient to change the outcome. The 7-hydroxylation:epoxidation partition ratios of both proteins increase more than 5-fold in 2H2O, reflecting an epoxidation-specific requirement for cleavage of the alcohol O-H bond, which, unlike in the LolO oxacyclization, is not accomplished by iron coordination in advance of C-H cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliott S Wenger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | | | - Richiro Ushimaru
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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2
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Dutertre Q, Guy PA, Sutour S, Peitsch MC, Ivanov NV, Glauser G, von Reuss S. Identification of Granatane Alkaloids from Duboisia myoporoides (Solanaceae) using Molecular Networking and Semisynthesis. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2024; 87:1914-1920. [PMID: 39038492 PMCID: PMC11348422 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.4c00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
The Solanaceae plant family contains at least 98 genera and over 2700 species. The Duboisia genus stands out for its ability to produce pyridine and tropane alkaloids, which are relatively poorly characterized at the phytochemical level. In this study, we analyzed dried leaves of Duboisia spp. using supercritical CO2 extraction and ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry, followed by feature-based molecular networking. Thirty-one known tropane alkaloids were putatively annotated, and the identity of six (atropine, scopolamine, anisodamine, aposcopolamine, apoatropine, and noratropine) were identified using reference standards. Two new granatane alkaloids connected in the molecular network were highlighted from Duboisia myoporoides, and their α-granatane tropate and α-granatane isovalerate structures were unambiguously established by semisynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Dutertre
- Philip
Morris Product SA, Quai
Jeanrenaud 3, Neuchâtel 2000, Switzerland
- Laboratory
of Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of
Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel 2000, Switzerland
| | - Philippe A. Guy
- Philip
Morris Product SA, Quai
Jeanrenaud 3, Neuchâtel 2000, Switzerland
| | - Sylvain Sutour
- Neuchâtel
Platform of Analytical Chemistry (NPAC), University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel 2000, Switzerland
| | - Manuel C. Peitsch
- Philip
Morris Product SA, Quai
Jeanrenaud 3, Neuchâtel 2000, Switzerland
| | - Nikolai V. Ivanov
- Philip
Morris Product SA, Quai
Jeanrenaud 3, Neuchâtel 2000, Switzerland
| | - Gaetan Glauser
- Neuchâtel
Platform of Analytical Chemistry (NPAC), University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel 2000, Switzerland
| | - Stephan von Reuss
- Laboratory
of Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of
Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel 2000, Switzerland
- Neuchâtel
Platform of Analytical Chemistry (NPAC), University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel 2000, Switzerland
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3
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Zhang S, Li L, Li D, Zhou YY, Tang Y. Catalytic Regio- and Enantioselective Boracarboxylation of Arylalkenes with CO 2 and Diboron. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:2888-2894. [PMID: 38277681 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Catalytic asymmetric carboxylation of readily available alkenes with CO2, an abundant and sustainable one-carbon building block, that gives access to value-added α-stereogenic carboxylic acids in an atom- and step-economic manner is highly attractive. However, it has remained a formidable challenge for the synthetic community. Here, the first example of Cu-catalyzed highly regio- and enantioselective boracarboxylation reaction on various arylalkenes with diboron under an atmospheric pressure of CO2 is described, which afforded a variety of chiral β-boron-functionalized α-aryl carboxylic acids with up to 87% yield and 97% ee under mild conditions. Importantly, α-substituted arylalkenes could also be subject to this protocol with excellent enantiopurities, thereby rendering an efficient approach for the generation of enantioenriched carboxylic acids with an α-chiral all-carbon quaternary center. Moreover, high functional group tolerance, scalable synthesis, and facile access to bioactive compounds, like (-)-scopolamine, (-)-anisodamine, and (-)-tropicamide, further demonstrated the synthetic utility of this strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudong Zhang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Liping Li
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Dingxi Li
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - You-Yun Zhou
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yong Tang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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4
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Ushimaru R. Three-membered ring formation catalyzed by α-ketoglutarate-dependent nonheme iron enzymes. J Nat Med 2024; 78:21-32. [PMID: 37980694 PMCID: PMC10764440 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-023-01760-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Epoxides, aziridines, and cyclopropanes are found in various medicinal natural products, including polyketides, terpenes, peptides, and alkaloids. Many classes of biosynthetic enzymes are involved in constructing these ring structures during their biosynthesis. This review summarizes our current knowledge regarding how α-ketoglutarate-dependent nonheme iron enzymes catalyze the formation of epoxides, aziridines, and cyclopropanes in nature, with a focus on enzyme mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richiro Ushimaru
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
- Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
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5
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Hu X, Liu W, Yan Y, Deng H, Cai Y. Tropinone reductase: A comprehensive review on its role as the key enzyme in tropane alkaloids biosynthesis. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127377. [PMID: 37839598 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
TAs, including hyoscyamine and scopolamine, were used to treat neuromuscular disorders ranging from nerve agent poisoning to Parkinson's disease. Tropinone reductase I (TR-I; EC 1.1.1.206) catalyzed the conversion of tropinone into tropine in the biosynthesis of TAs, directing the metabolic flow towards hyoscyamine and scopolamine. Tropinone reductase II (TR-II; EC 1.1.1.236) was responsible for the conversion of tropinone into pseudotropine, diverting the metabolic flux towards calystegine A3. The regulation of metabolite flow through both branches of the TAs pathway seemed to be influenced by the enzymatic activity of both enzymes and their accessibility to the precursor tropinone. The significant interest in the utilization of metabolic engineering for the efficient production of TAs has highlighted the importance of TRs as crucial enzymes that govern both the direction of metabolic flow and the yield of products. This review discussed recent advances for the TRs sources, properties, protein structure and biocatalytic mechanisms, and a detailed overview of its crucial role in the metabolism and synthesis of TAs was summarized. Furthermore, we conducted a detailed investigation into the evolutionary origins of these two TRs. A prospective analysis of potential challenges and applications of TRs was presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiang Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yi Yan
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Huaxiang Deng
- Center for Synthetic Biochemistry, Institute of Synthetic Biology, Institutes of Advanced Technologies, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yujie Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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6
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Ushimaru R, Abe I. Unusual Dioxygen-Dependent Reactions Catalyzed by Nonheme Iron Enzymes in Natural Product Biosynthesis. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c05247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richiro Ushimaru
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- ACT-X, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Ikuro Abe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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7
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Mishra DR, Panda BS, Nayak S, Panda J, Mohapatra S. Recent Advances in the Synthesis of 5‐Membered
N
‐Heterocycles via Rhodium Catalysed Cascade Reactions. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deepak R. Mishra
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory Department of Chemistry Ravenshaw University Cuttack 753003 Odisha India
| | - Bhabani S. Panda
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory Department of Chemistry Ravenshaw University Cuttack 753003 Odisha India
| | - Sabita Nayak
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory Department of Chemistry Ravenshaw University Cuttack 753003 Odisha India
| | - Jasmine Panda
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory Department of Chemistry Ravenshaw University Cuttack 753003 Odisha India
| | - Seetaram Mohapatra
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory Department of Chemistry Ravenshaw University Cuttack 753003 Odisha India
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8
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Wojdyla Z, Borowski T. Properties of the Reactants and Their Interactions within and with the Enzyme Binding Cavity Determine Reaction Selectivities. The Case of Fe(II)/2-Oxoglutarate Dependent Enzymes. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202104106. [PMID: 34986268 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fe(II)/2-oxoglutarate dependent dioxygenases (ODDs) share a double stranded beta helix (DSBH) fold and utilise a common reactive intermediate, ferryl species, to catalyse oxidative transformations of substrates. Despite the structural similarities, ODDs accept a variety of substrates and facilitate a wide range of reactions, that is hydroxylations, desaturations, (oxa)cyclisations and ring rearrangements. In this review we present and discuss the factors contributing to the observed (regio)selectivities of ODDs. They span from inherent properties of the reactants, that is, substrate molecule and iron cofactor, to the interactions between the substrate and the enzyme's binding cavity; the latter can counterbalance the effect of the former. Based on results of both experimental and computational studies dedicated to ODDs, we also line out the properties of the reactants which promote reaction outcomes other than the "default" hydroxylation. It turns out that the reaction selectivity depends on a delicate balance of interactions between the components of the investigated system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna Wojdyla
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Niezapominajek 8, 30239 Krakow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Borowski
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Niezapominajek 8, 30239 Krakow, Poland
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9
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Chen Q, Yuan G, Yuan T, Zeng H, Zou ZR, Tu ZC, Gao J, Zou Y. Set of Cytochrome P450s Cooperatively Catalyzes the Synthesis of a Highly Oxidized and Rearranged Diterpene-Class Sordarinane Architecture. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:3580-3589. [PMID: 35170947 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c12427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450s are one of the most versatile oxidases that catalyze significant and unique chemical transformations for the construction of complex structural frameworks during natural product biosynthesis. Here, we discovered a set of P450s, including SdnB, SdnH, SdnF, and SdnE, that cooperatively catalyzes the reshaping of the inert cycloaraneosene framework to form a highly oxidized and rearranged sordarinane architecture. Among them, SdnB is confirmed to be the first P450 (or oxidase) that cleaves the C-C bond of the epoxy residue to yield formyl groups in pairs. SdnF selectively oxidizes one generated formyl group to a carboxyl group and accelerates the final Diels-Alder cyclization to furnish the sordarinane architecture. Our work greatly enriches the enzyme functions of the P450 superfamily, supplies the missing skills of the P450 synthetic toolbox, and supports them as biocatalysts in further applications toward the synthesis of new chemical entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qibin Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P. R. China
| | - Guanyin Yuan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Tao Yuan
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P. R. China
| | - Huiting Zeng
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P. R. China
| | - Zheng-Rong Zou
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P. R. China
| | - Zong-Cai Tu
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P. R. China
| | - Jie Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P. R. China
| | - Yi Zou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
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10
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Tassano E, Moore C, Dussauge S, Vargas A, Snajdrova R. Discovery of New Fe(II)/α-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenases for Oxidation of l-Proline. Org Process Res Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Tassano
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Charles Moore
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Solene Dussauge
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Vargas
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Radka Snajdrova
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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11
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Cinelli MA, Jones AD. Alkaloids of the Genus Datura: Review of a Rich Resource for Natural Product Discovery. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092629. [PMID: 33946338 PMCID: PMC8124590 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Datura (Solanaceae) contains nine species of medicinal plants that have held both curative utility and cultural significance throughout history. This genus’ particular bioactivity results from the enormous diversity of alkaloids it contains, making it a valuable study organism for many disciplines. Although Datura contains mostly tropane alkaloids (such as hyoscyamine and scopolamine), indole, beta-carboline, and pyrrolidine alkaloids have also been identified. The tools available to explore specialized metabolism in plants have undergone remarkable advances over the past couple of decades and provide renewed opportunities for discoveries of new compounds and the genetic basis for their biosynthesis. This review provides a comprehensive overview of studies on the alkaloids of Datura that focuses on three questions: How do we find and identify alkaloids? Where do alkaloids come from? What factors affect their presence and abundance? We also address pitfalls and relevant questions applicable to natural products and metabolomics researchers. With both careful perspectives and new advances in instrumentation, the pace of alkaloid discovery—from not just Datura—has the potential to accelerate dramatically in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maris A. Cinelli
- Correspondence: or (M.A.C.); (A.D.J.); Tel.: +1-906-360-8177 (M.A.C.); +1-517-432-7126 (A.D.J.)
| | - A. Daniel Jones
- Correspondence: or (M.A.C.); (A.D.J.); Tel.: +1-906-360-8177 (M.A.C.); +1-517-432-7126 (A.D.J.)
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12
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Huang JP, Wang YJ, Tian T, Wang L, Yan Y, Huang SX. Tropane alkaloid biosynthesis: a centennial review. Nat Prod Rep 2021; 38:1634-1658. [PMID: 33533391 DOI: 10.1039/d0np00076k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Covering: 1917 to 2020Tropane alkaloids (TAs) are a remarkable class of plant secondary metabolites, which are characterized by an 8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane (nortropane) ring. Members of this class, such as hyoscyamine, scopolamine, and cocaine, are well known for their long history as poisons, hallucinogens, and anaesthetic agents. Since the structure of the tropane ring system was first elucidated in 1901, organic chemists and biochemists have been interested in how these mysterious tropane alkaloids are assembled in vitro and in vivo. However, it was only in 2020 that the complete biosynthetic route of hyoscyamine and scopolamine was clarified, and their de novo production in yeast was also achieved. The aim of this review is to present the innovative ideas and results in exploring the story of tropane alkaloid biosynthesis in plants from 1917 to 2020. This review also highlights that Robinson's classic synthesis of tropinone, which is one hundred years old, is biomimetic, and underscores the importance of total synthesis in the study of natural product biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ping Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China. and State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yong-Jiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China.
| | - Tian Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China. and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China.
| | - Yijun Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China.
| | - Sheng-Xiong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China. and State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
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13
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Kluza A, Wojdyla Z, Mrugala B, Kurpiewska K, Porebski PJ, Niedzialkowska E, Minor W, Weiss MS, Borowski T. Regioselectivity of hyoscyamine 6β-hydroxylase-catalysed hydroxylation as revealed by high-resolution structural information and QM/MM calculations. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:4454-4469. [PMID: 32182320 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt00302f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Hyoscyamine 6β-hydroxylase (H6H) is a bifunctional non-heme 2-oxoglutarate/Fe2+-dependent dioxygenase that catalyzes the two final steps in the biosynthesis of scopolamine. Based on high resolution crystal structures of H6H from Datura metel, detailed information on substrate binding was obtained that provided insights into the onset of the enzymatic process. In particular, the role of two prominent residues was revealed - Glu-116 that interacts with the tertiary amine located on the hyoscyamine tropane moiety and Tyr-326 that forms CH-π hydrogen bonds with the hyoscyamine phenyl ring. The structures were used as the basis for QM/MM calculations that provided an explanation for the regioselectivity of the hydroxylation reaction on the hyoscyamine tropane moiety (C6 vs. C7) and quantified contributions of active site residues to respective barrier heights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kluza
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, PL-30239 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Zuzanna Wojdyla
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, PL-30239 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Beata Mrugala
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, PL-30239 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Kurpiewska
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, PL-30239 Krakow, Poland. and Department of Crystal Chemistry and Crystal Physics, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, PL-30387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Przemyslaw J Porebski
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, PL-30239 Krakow, Poland. and Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, 1340 Jefferson Park Avenue Pinn Hall, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Ewa Niedzialkowska
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, PL-30239 Krakow, Poland. and Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, 1340 Jefferson Park Avenue Pinn Hall, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Wladek Minor
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, 1340 Jefferson Park Avenue Pinn Hall, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Manfred S Weiss
- Macromolecular Crystallography, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, D-12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tomasz Borowski
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, PL-30239 Krakow, Poland.
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14
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Vila MA, Steck V, Rodriguez Giordano S, Carrera I, Fasan R. C-H Amination via Nitrene Transfer Catalyzed by Mononuclear Non-Heme Iron-Dependent Enzymes. Chembiochem 2020; 21:1981-1987. [PMID: 32189465 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Expanding the reaction scope of natural metalloenzymes can provide new opportunities for biocatalysis. Mononuclear non-heme iron-dependent enzymes represent a large class of biological catalysts involved in the biosynthesis of natural products and catabolism of xenobiotics, among other processes. Here, we report that several members of this enzyme family, including Rieske dioxygenases as well as α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases and halogenases, are able to catalyze the intramolecular C-H amination of a sulfonyl azide substrate, thereby exhibiting a promiscuous nitrene transfer reactivity. One of these enzymes, naphthalene dioxygenase (NDO), was further engineered resulting in several active site variants that function as C-H aminases. Furthermore, this enzyme could be applied to execute this non-native transformation on a gram scale in a bioreactor, thus demonstrating its potential for synthetic applications. These studies highlight the functional versatility of non-heme iron-dependent enzymes and pave the way to their further investigation and development as promising biocatalysts for non-native metal-catalyzed transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Agustina Vila
- Laboratorio de Biocatálisis y Biotransformaciones, Departamento de Química Orgánica y Departamento de Biociencias. Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Av General Flores 2124, CP 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Viktoria Steck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, RC Box 270216, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Sonia Rodriguez Giordano
- Laboratorio de Biocatálisis y Biotransformaciones, Departamento de Química Orgánica y Departamento de Biociencias. Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Av General Flores 2124, CP 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ignacio Carrera
- Laboratorio de Biocatálisis y Biotransformaciones, Departamento de Química Orgánica y Departamento de Biociencias. Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Av General Flores 2124, CP 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Rudi Fasan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, RC Box 270216, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
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15
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Pan J, Wenger ES, Matthews ML, Pollock CJ, Bhardwaj M, Kim AJ, Allen BD, Grossman RB, Krebs C, Bollinger JM. Evidence for Modulation of Oxygen Rebound Rate in Control of Outcome by Iron(II)- and 2-Oxoglutarate-Dependent Oxygenases. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:15153-15165. [PMID: 31475820 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b06689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Iron(II)- and 2-oxoglutarate-dependent (Fe/2OG) oxygenases generate iron(IV)-oxo (ferryl) intermediates that can abstract hydrogen from aliphatic carbons (R-H). Hydroxylation proceeds by coupling of the resultant substrate radical (R•) and oxygen of the Fe(III)-OH complex ("oxygen rebound"). Nonhydroxylation outcomes result from different fates of the Fe(III)-OH/R• state; for example, halogenation results from R• coupling to a halogen ligand cis to the hydroxide. We previously suggested that halogenases control substrate-cofactor disposition to disfavor oxygen rebound and permit halogen coupling to prevail. Here, we explored the general implication that, when a ferryl intermediate can ambiguously target two substrate carbons for different outcomes, rebound to the site capable of the alternative outcome should be slower than to the adjacent, solely hydroxylated site. We evaluated this prediction for (i) the halogenase SyrB2, which exclusively hydroxylates C5 of norvaline appended to its carrier protein but can either chlorinate or hydroxylate C4 and (ii) two bifunctional enzymes that normally hydroxylate one carbon before coupling that oxygen to a second carbon (producing an oxacycle) but can, upon encountering deuterium at the first site, hydroxylate the second site instead. In all three cases, substrate hydroxylation incorporates a greater fraction of solvent-derived oxygen at the site that can also undergo the alternative outcome than at the other site, most likely reflecting an increased exchange of the initially O2-derived oxygen ligand in the longer-lived Fe(III)-OH/R• states. Suppression of rebound may thus be generally important for nonhydroxylation outcomes by these enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Minakshi Bhardwaj
- Department of Chemistry , University of Kentucky , Lexington , Kentucky 40546-0312 , United States
| | | | | | - Robert B Grossman
- Department of Chemistry , University of Kentucky , Lexington , Kentucky 40546-0312 , United States
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16
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Effects of Water Availability in the Soil on Tropane Alkaloid Production in Cultivated Datura stramonium. Metabolites 2019; 9:metabo9070131. [PMID: 31277288 PMCID: PMC6680536 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9070131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: different Solanaceae and Erythroxylaceae species produce tropane alkaloids. These alkaloids are the starting material in the production of different pharmaceuticals. The commercial demand for tropane alkaloids is covered by extracting them from cultivated plants. Datura stramonium is cultivated under greenhouse conditions as a source of tropane alkaloids. Here we investigate the effect of different levels of water availability in the soil on the production of tropane alkaloids by D. stramonium. Methods: We tested four irrigation levels on the accumulation of tropane alkaloids. We analyzed the profile of tropane alkaloids using an untargeted liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry method. Results: Using a combination of informatics and manual interpretation of mass spectra, we generated several structure hypotheses for signals in D. stramonium extracts that we assign as putative tropane alkaloids. Quantitation of mass spectrometry signals for our structure hypotheses across different anatomical organs allowed us to identify patterns of tropane alkaloids associated with different levels of irrigation. Furthermore, we identified anatomic partitioning of tropane alkaloid isomers with pharmaceutical applications. Conclusions: Our results show that soil water availability is an effective method for maximizing the production of specific tropane alkaloids for industrial applications.
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17
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Mitchell AJ, Weng JK. Unleashing the Synthetic Power of Plant Oxygenases: From Mechanism to Application. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 179:813-829. [PMID: 30670605 PMCID: PMC6393811 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.01223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The functions and biochemical mechanisms of major classes of plant oxygenases are discussed, and their potential utility for plant synthetic biology is explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Mitchell
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
| | - Jing-Ke Weng
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
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18
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Mandzhulo A, Vashchenko I, Gerasov A, Vovk M, Rusanov E, Fetyukhin V, Lukin O, Shivanyuk A. Selective synthesis of N-protected exo-spiro[oxirane-3,2′-tropanes]. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo00377k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
N-Cbz- and N-Boc-protected exo-spiro[oxirane-3,2′-tropanes] were selectively synthesized via either epoxidation or hydroxybromination/dehydrobromination of the corresponding alkenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr Mandzhulo
- Life Chemicals Inc
- Kyiv
- Ukraine
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
| | | | | | - Mykhaylo Vovk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
- Kyiv
- Ukraine
| | - Eduard Rusanov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
- Kyiv
- Ukraine
| | | | | | - Alexander Shivanyuk
- Life Chemicals Inc
- Kyiv
- Ukraine
- The Institute of High Technologies
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv
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19
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Ushimaru R, Ruszczycky MW, Liu HW. Changes in Regioselectivity of H Atom Abstraction during the Hydroxylation and Cyclization Reactions Catalyzed by Hyoscyamine 6β-Hydroxylase. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 141:1062-1066. [PMID: 30545219 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b11585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Hyoscyamine 6β-hydroxylase (H6H) is an αKG-dependent nonheme iron oxidase that catalyzes the oxidation of hyoscyamine to scopolamine via two separate reactions: hydroxylation followed by oxidative cyclization. Both of these reactions are expected to involve H atom abstraction from each of two adjacent carbon centers (C6 vs C7) in the substrate. During hydroxylation, there is a roughly 85:1 preference for H atom abstraction from C6 versus C7; however, this inverts to a 1:16 preference during cyclization. Furthermore, 18O incorporation experiments in the presence of deuterated substrate are consistent with the catalytic iron(IV)-oxo complex being able to support the coordination of an additional ligand during hydroxylation. These observations suggest that subtle differences in the substrate binding configuration can have significant consequences for the catalytic cycle of H6H.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richiro Ushimaru
- Department of Chemistry , University of Texas at Austin , Austin , TX 78712 , United States
| | - Mark W Ruszczycky
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy , University of Texas at Austin , Austin , TX 78712 , United States
| | - Hung-Wen Liu
- Department of Chemistry , University of Texas at Austin , Austin , TX 78712 , United States.,Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy , University of Texas at Austin , Austin , TX 78712 , United States
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20
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Luo K, Zhao Y, Zhang J, He J, Huang R, Yan S, Lin J, Jin Y. Enantioselective Epoxypyrrolidines via a Tandem Cycloaddition/Autoxidation in Air and Mechanistic Studies. Org Lett 2018; 21:423-427. [PMID: 30588819 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A tandem cycloaddition/autoxidation reaction between heterocyclic ketene aminals and diazoester in air is described for the enantioselective preparation of epoxypyrrolidines. Notably, the results of mechanistic studies suggest that epoxide was oxidized from an sp3 C-C single bond, which is of mechanistic and practical interest as this protocol may be suitable for constructing other bioactive heterocyclic epoxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixiu Luo
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology , Yunnan University , Kunming 650091 , P. R. China
| | - Yongqiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology , Yunnan University , Kunming 650091 , P. R. China
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology , Yunnan University , Kunming 650091 , P. R. China
| | - Jia He
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology , Yunnan University , Kunming 650091 , P. R. China
| | - Rong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology , Yunnan University , Kunming 650091 , P. R. China
| | - Shengjiao Yan
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology , Yunnan University , Kunming 650091 , P. R. China
| | - Jun Lin
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology , Yunnan University , Kunming 650091 , P. R. China
| | - Yi Jin
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology , Yunnan University , Kunming 650091 , P. R. China
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21
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Chang WC, Liu P, Guo Y. Mechanistic Elucidation of Two Catalytically Versatile Iron(II)- and α-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Enzymes: Cases Beyond Hydroxylation. COMMENT INORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/02603594.2018.1509856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-chen Chang
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Pinghua Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yisong Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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