1
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Dutra FR, Vasiliu M, Gomez AN, Xia D, Dixon DA. Prediction of Redox Potentials for U, Np, Pu, and Am in Aqueous Solution. J Phys Chem A 2024. [PMID: 38959054 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c02902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
The redox properties of the actinides in aqueous solution are important for fuel production/reprocessing and understanding the environmental impact of nuclear waste. The redox potentials for U, Np, Pu, and Am in oxidation states from 0 up to VII (as appropriate) in aqueous solutions have been predicted at the density functional theory level with the B3LYP functional, Stuttgart small core pseudopotential basis sets for the actinides, and explicit (30H2O molecules)/implicit treatment of the aqueous solvent using the self-consistent reaction field COSMO and SMD approaches for the implicit solvation. The predictions of the structural parameters of clusters incorporating first and second solvation shells are consistent with the available experimental data. Our results are typically within 0.2 V of the available experimental data using two explicit solvation shells with an implicit solvent model. The use of the PW91 functional substantially improved the prediction of the Pu(VI/V) redox couple. The redox couples for An(VI/IV) and An(V/IV) which involve the addition of protons and removal of the actinyl oxygens led to slightly larger differences from an experiment. The An(IV/0) and An(III/0) couples were reliably predicted with our approach. Predictions of the unknown An(II/I) redox potentials were negative, consistent with expectations, and predictions for unknown An(VII/VI), An(III/II), and An(II/0) redox couples improve prior estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe R Dutra
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Barão Geraldo, P.O. Box 6154, Campinas 13083-970, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Shelby Hall, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - Monica Vasiliu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Shelby Hall, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - Amber N Gomez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Shelby Hall, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - Donna Xia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Shelby Hall, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - David A Dixon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Shelby Hall, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
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2
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Liddle ST. Progress in Nonaqueous Molecular Uranium Chemistry: Where to Next? Inorg Chem 2024; 63:9366-9384. [PMID: 38739898 PMCID: PMC11134516 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
There is long-standing interest in nonaqueous uranium chemistry because of fundamental questions about uranium's variable chemical bonding and the similarities of this pseudo-Group 6 element to its congener d-block elements molybdenum and tungsten. To provide historical context, with reference to a conference presentation slide presented around 1988 that advanced a defining collection of top targets, and the challenge, for synthetic actinide chemistry to realize in isolable complexes under normal experimental conditions, this Viewpoint surveys progress against those targets, including (i) CO and related π-acid ligand complexes, (ii) alkylidenes, carbynes, and carbidos, (iii) imidos and terminal nitrides, (iv) homoleptic polyalkyls, -alkoxides, and -aryloxides, (v) uranium-uranium bonds, and (vi) examples of topics that can be regarded as branching out in parallel from the leading targets. Having summarized advances from the past four decades, opportunities to build on that progress, and hence possible future directions for the field, are highlighted. The wealth and diversity of uranium chemistry that is described emphasizes the importance of ligand-metal complementarity in developing exciting new chemistry that builds our knowledge and understanding of elements in a relativistic regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen T. Liddle
- Department of Chemistry and Centre
for Radiochemistry Research, The University
of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
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3
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Goodwin CAP, Corbey JF. Ligand-Metal Complementarity in Rare-Earth and Actinide Chemistry. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:9355-9362. [PMID: 38798242 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Conrad A P Goodwin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Jordan F Corbey
- Nuclear Material Processing Group, National Security Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
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4
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Wang S, Wang D, Heng Y, Li T, Ding W, Zi G, Walter MD. Synthesis and Structure of [η 5-1,2,4-(Me 3Si) 3C 5H 2] 2Th(bipy) and Its Reactivity toward Small Molecules. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:7473-7492. [PMID: 38591749 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Halide exchange of (Cp3tms)2ThCl2 (1; Cp3tms = η5-1,2,4-(Me3Si)3C5H2) with Me3SiI furnishes (Cp3tms)2ThI2 (2), which is then reduced with potassium graphite (KC8) in the presence of 2,2'-bipyridine to give the thorium bipyridyl metallocene (Cp3tms)2Th(bipy) (3) in good yield. Complex 3 was fully characterized and readily reacted with various small molecules. For example, 3 may serve as a synthetic equivalent for the (Cp3tms)2Th(II) fragment when exposed to CuI, Ph2S2, organic azides, and CS2. Moreover, upon the addition of thiobenzophenone Ph2CS, p-methylbenzaldehyde (p-MeC6H4)CHO, benzophenone Ph2CO, amidate PhCONH(p-tolyl), seleno-ketone (p,p'-dimethoxy), selenobenzophenone (p-MeOPh)2CSe, di(p-tolyl)methanimine (p-tolyl)2C═NH, 1,2-di(benzylidene)hydrazine (PhCH═N)2, and nitriles PhCN, PhCH2CN, and Ph2CHCN C-C coupling results to give (Cp3tms)2Th[(bipy)(Ph2CS)] (8), (Cp3tms)2Th[(bipy)(p-MePhCHO)] (9), (Cp3tms)2Th[(bipy)(Ph2CO)] (10), (Cp3tms)2Th[(bipy){(p-tolylNH)(Ph)CO}] (11), (Cp3tms)2Th[(bipy){(p-MeOPh)2CSe}] (12), (Cp3tms)2Th[(bipy){(p-tolyl)2CNH}] (13), (Cp3tms)2Th[(bipy)(PhCHNN═CHPh)] (14), (Cp3tms)2Th[(bipy)(PhCN)] (16), (Cp3tms)2Th[(bipy)(PhCH2CN)] (17), and (Cp3tms)2Th[(bipy)(Ph2CHCN)] (18), respectively. However, when thiazole is added to 3, the dimeric sulfido complex [(Cp3tms)2Th]2[μ-(bipy)CH2NCHCHS]2 (15) can be isolated. Moreover, the addition of isonitriles such as Me3CNC and PhCH2NC to 3 results in C-N bond cleavage and C-C coupling processes to form the thorium isocyanido amido complexes (Cp3tms)2Th[4-(Me3C)bipy](NC) (19) and (Cp3tms)2Th[4-(PhCH2)bipy](NC) (20), respectively. Nevertheless, upon exposure of 3 to (trimethylsilyl)diazomethane Me3SiCHN2, the bis-amido complex (Cp3tms)2Th[5,6-(Me3SiCH)bipy] (21), concomitant with N2 release, is isolated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Dongwei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yi Heng
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Tongyu Li
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wanjian Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Guofu Zi
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Marc D Walter
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, Braunschweig 38106, Germany
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5
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Smith P, Hrubý J, Evans WJ, Hill S, Minasian SG. Identification of an X-Band Clock Transition in Cp' 3Pr - Enabled by a 4f 25d 1 Configuration. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:5781-5785. [PMID: 38387072 PMCID: PMC10921394 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Molecular qubits offer an attractive basis for quantum information processing, but challenges remain with regard to sustained coherence. Qubits based on clock transitions offer a method to improve the coherence times. We propose a general strategy for identifying molecules with high-frequency clock transitions in systems where a d electron is coupled to a crystal-field singlet state of an f configuration, resulting in an MJ = ±1/2 ground state with strong hyperfine coupling. Using this approach, a 9.834 GHz clock transition was identified in a molecular Pr complex, [K(crypt)][Cp'3PrII], leading to 3-fold enhancements in T2 relative to other transitions in the spectrum. This result indicates the promise of the design principles outlined here for the further development of f-element systems for quantum information applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick
W. Smith
- Lawrence
Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jakub Hrubý
- National
High Magnetic Field Laboratory, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - William J. Evans
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Stephen Hill
- National
High Magnetic Field Laboratory, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
- Department
of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Stefan G. Minasian
- Lawrence
Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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6
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Shafi Z, Gibson JK. Organolanthanide Complexes Containing Ln-CH 3 σ-bonds: Unexpectedly Similar Hydrolysis Rates for Trivalent and Tetravalent Organocerium. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:18399-18413. [PMID: 37910232 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
We report the gas-phase preparation, isolation, and reactivity of a series of organolanthanides featuring the Ln-CH3 bond. The complexes are formed by decarboxylating anionic lanthanide acetates to form trivalent [LnIII(CH3)(CH3CO2)3]- (Ln = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Tb, Tm, Yb, Lu), divalent [EuII(CH3)(CH3CO2)2]-, and the first examples of tetravalent organocerium complexes featuring CeIV-Calkyl σ-bonds: [CeIV(O)(CH3)(CH3CO2)2]- and [CeIV(O)(CH3)(NO3)2]-. Attempts to isolate PrIV-CH3 and TbIV-CH3 were unsuccessful; however, fragmentation patterns reveal that the oxidation of LnIII to a LnIV-oxo-acetate complex is more favorable for Ln = Pr than for Ln = Tb. The rate of Ln-CH3 hydrolysis is a measure of bond stability, and it decreases from LaIII-CH3 to LuIII-CH3, with increasing steric crowding for smaller Ln stabilizing the harder Ln-CH3 bond against hydrolysis. [EuII(CH3)(CH3CO2)2]- engages in a much faster hydrolysis versus LnIII-CH3. The surprising observation of similar hydrolysis rates for CeIV-CH3 and CeIII-CH3 is discussed with respect to sterics, the oxo ligand, and bond covalency in σ-bonded organolanthanides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziad Shafi
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - John K Gibson
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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7
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Otte KS, Niklas JE, Studvick CM, Boggiano AC, Bacsa J, Popov IA, La Pierre HS. Divergent Stabilities of Tetravalent Cerium, Uranium, and Neptunium Imidophosphorane Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202306580. [PMID: 37327070 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202306580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The study of the redox chemistry of mid-actinides (U-Pu) has historically relied on cerium as a model, due to the accessibility of trivalent and tetravalent oxidation states for these ions. Recently, dramatic shifts of lanthanide 4+/3+ non-aqueous redox couples have been established within a homoleptic imidophosphorane ligand framework. Herein we extend the chemistry of the imidophosphorane ligand (NPC=[N=Pt Bu(pyrr)2 ]- ; pyrr=pyrrolidinyl) to tetrahomoleptic NPC complexes of neptunium and cerium (1-M, 2-M, M=Np, Ce) and present comparative structural, electrochemical, and theoretical studies of these complexes. Large cathodic shifts in the M4+/3+ (M=Ce, U, Np) couples underpin the stabilization of higher metal oxidation states owing to the strongly donating nature of the NPC ligands, providing access to the U5+/4+ , U6+/5+ , and to an unprecedented, well-behaved Np5+/4+ redox couple. The differences in the chemical redox properties of the U vs. Ce and Np complexes are rationalized based on their redox potentials, degree of structural rearrangement upon reduction/oxidation, relative molecular orbital energies, and orbital composition analyses employing density functional theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn S Otte
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0400, USA
| | - Julie E Niklas
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0400, USA
| | - Chad M Studvick
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325-3601, USA
| | - Andrew C Boggiano
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0400, USA
| | - John Bacsa
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0400, USA
| | - Ivan A Popov
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325-3601, USA
| | - Henry S La Pierre
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0400, USA
- Nuclear and Radiological Engineering Program, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0400, USA
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8
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Yang Y, Lan Y, Liu Q, Zhu L, Hao X, Zhou J, Yang S, Tian G. A computational study on the coordination modes and electron absorption spectra of the complexes U(iv) with N, N, N', N'-tetramethyl-diglycolamide and anions. RSC Adv 2023; 13:23947-23954. [PMID: 37577087 PMCID: PMC10413335 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra04206e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipophilic N,N,N',N'-tetraalkyl-diglycolamides (TRDGAs) are promising extractants for actinides separation in spent nuclear fuel reprocessing. Usually, in the extracted complexes of actinide and lanthanide ions of various oxidation states, the metal ions are completely surrounded by 2 or 3 TRDGA molecules, and the counter anions do not directly coordinate with them. In contrast, the extracted complexes of U(iv) from different media presenting different absorption spectra indicate that the anions (Cl- and NO3-) are directly involved in the coordination with U(iv) in the first inner sphere. Based on this exceptional observation in solvent extraction, taking the coordination of U(iv) with N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-diglycolamide (TMDGA, the smallest analogue of TRDGA) as the research object, we mimic the behaviours of counterions (Cl- and NO3-) and the water molecule during coordination of TMDGA with U(iv), especially combining with the simulation of the absorption spectra. We demonstrate that during the complexing of TMDGA to U(iv), the counterion Cl- will occupy one coordination number in the inner coordination sphere, and NO3- will occupy two by bidentate type; however, the ubiquitous water cannot squeeze in the inner coordination sphere. In addition, the coordination of Cl- and NO3- is proved to favour the extraction with the lower binding energy. Moreover, the simulation of absorption spectra is in good agreement with the observation from experiments, further verifying the aforementioned conclusion. This work in some way will provide guidance to improve the computation methods in research of actinides by mimicking the absorption spectra of actinide ions in different complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Yang
- Department of Radiochemistry, China Institute of Atomic Energy Beijing 102413 China
| | - Youshi Lan
- Department of Radiochemistry, China Institute of Atomic Energy Beijing 102413 China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Radiochemistry, China Institute of Atomic Energy Beijing 102413 China
| | - Liyang Zhu
- Department of Radiochemistry, China Institute of Atomic Energy Beijing 102413 China
| | - Xuan Hao
- Department of Radiochemistry, China Institute of Atomic Energy Beijing 102413 China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Department of Radiochemistry, China Institute of Atomic Energy Beijing 102413 China
| | - Suliang Yang
- Department of Radiochemistry, China Institute of Atomic Energy Beijing 102413 China
| | - Guoxin Tian
- Department of Radiochemistry, China Institute of Atomic Energy Beijing 102413 China
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9
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Long BN, Beltrán-Leíva MJ, Sperling JM, Poe TN, Celis-Barros C, Albrecht-Schönzart TE. Altering the spectroscopy, electronic structure, and bonding of organometallic curium(III) upon coordination of 4,4'-bipyridine. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3774. [PMID: 37355669 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39481-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Structural and electronic characterization of (Cp'3Cm)2(μ-4,4'-bpy) (Cp' = trimethylsilylcyclopentadienyl, 4,4'-bpy = 4,4'-bipyridine) is reported and provides a rare example of curium-carbon bonding. Cp'3Cm displays unexpectedly low energy emission that is quenched upon coordination by 4,4'-bipyridine. Electronic structure calculations on Cp'3Cm and (Cp'3Cm)2(μ-4,4'-bpy) rule out significant differences in the emissive state, rendering 4,4'-bipyridine as the primary quenching agent. Comparisons of (Cp'3Cm)2(μ-4,4'-bpy) with its samarium and gadolinium analogues reveal atypical bonding patterns and electronic features that offer insights into bonding between carbon with f-block metal ions. Here we show the structural characterization of a curium-carbon bond, in addition to the unique electronic properties never before observed in a curium compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian N Long
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - María J Beltrán-Leíva
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Joseph M Sperling
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Todd N Poe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Cristian Celis-Barros
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Nuclear Science & Engineering Center, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, 80401, USA.
| | - Thomas E Albrecht-Schönzart
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Nuclear Science & Engineering Center, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, 80401, USA.
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10
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Poe TN, Ramanantoanina H, Sperling JM, Wineinger HB, Rotermund BM, Brannon J, Bai Z, Scheibe B, Beck N, Long BN, Justiniano S, Albrecht-Schönzart TE, Celis-Barros C. Isolation of a californium(II) crown-ether complex. Nat Chem 2023; 15:722-728. [PMID: 36973433 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01170-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
The actinides, from californium to nobelium (Z = 98-102), are known to have an accessible +2 oxidation state. Understanding the origin of this chemical behaviour requires characterizing CfII materials, but investigations are hampered by the fact that they have remained difficult to isolate. This partly arises from the intrinsic challenges of manipulating this unstable element, as well as a lack of suitable reductants that do not reduce CfIII to Cf°. Here we show that a CfII crown-ether complex, Cf(18-crown-6)I2, can be prepared using an Al/Hg amalgam as a reductant. Spectroscopic evidence shows that CfIII can be quantitatively reduced to CfII, and rapid radiolytic re-oxidation in solution yields co-crystallized mixtures of CfII and CfIII complexes without the Al/Hg amalgam. Quantum-chemical calculations show that the Cf‒ligand interactions are highly ionic and that 5f/6d mixing is absent, resulting in weak 5f→5f transitions and an absorption spectrum dominated by 5f→6d transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd N Poe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Harry Ramanantoanina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Joseph M Sperling
- Department of Chemistry and Nuclear Science & Engineering Center, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, USA
| | - Hannah B Wineinger
- Department of Chemistry and Nuclear Science & Engineering Center, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, USA
| | - Brian M Rotermund
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Jacob Brannon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Zhuanling Bai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Benjamin Scheibe
- Department of Chemistry and Nuclear Science & Engineering Center, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, USA
| | - Nicholas Beck
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Brian N Long
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Samantha Justiniano
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | | | - Cristian Celis-Barros
- Department of Chemistry and Nuclear Science & Engineering Center, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, USA.
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11
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Li T, Wang D, Heng Y, Hou G, Zi G, Walter MD. Influence of the 1,2,4-Tri- tert-butylcyclopentadienyl Ligand on the Reactivity of the Uranium Bipyridyl Metallocene [η 5-1,2,4-(Me 3C) 3C 5H 2] 2U(bipy). Organometallics 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tongyu Li
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Dongwei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yi Heng
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Guohua Hou
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Guofu Zi
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Marc D. Walter
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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12
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Heng Y, Li T, Wang D, Hou G, Zi G, Walter MD. Synthesis and Reactivity of the Uranium Bipyridyl Metallocene [η 5-1,3-(Me 3C) 2C 5H 3] 2U(bipy). Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Heng
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Tongyu Li
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Dongwei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Guohua Hou
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Guofu Zi
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Marc D. Walter
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, Braunschweig 38106, Germany
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13
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Barluzzi L, Giblin SR, Mansikkamäki A, Layfield RA. Identification of Oxidation State +1 in a Molecular Uranium Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:18229-18233. [PMID: 36169550 PMCID: PMC9562434 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c06519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The concept of oxidation state plays a fundamentally
important
role in defining the chemistry of the elements. In the f block of
the periodic table, well-known oxidation states in compounds of the
lanthanides include 0, +2, +3 and +4, and oxidation states for the
actinides range from +7 to +2. Oxidation state +1 is conspicuous by
its absence from the f-block elements. Here we show that the uranium(II)
metallocene [U(η5-C5iPr5)2] and the uranium(III) metallocene
[IU(η5-C5iPr5)2] can be reduced by potassium graphite
in the presence of 2.2.2-cryptand to the uranium(I) metallocene [U(η5-C5iPr5)2]− (1) (C5iPr5 = pentaisopropylcyclopentadienyl)
as the salt of [K(2.2.2-cryptand)]+. An X-ray crystallographic
study revealed that 1 has a bent metallocene structure,
and theoretical studies and magnetic measurements confirmed that the
electronic ground state of uranium(I) adopts a 5f3(7s/6dz2)1(6dx2–y2/6dxy)1 configuration. The
metal–ligand bonding in 1 consists of contributions
from uranium 5f, 6d, and 7s orbitals, with the 6d orbitals engaging
in weak but non-negligible covalent interactions. Identification of
the oxidation state +1 for uranium expands the range of isolable oxidation
states for the f-block elements and potentially signposts a synthetic
route to this elusive species for other actinides and the lanthanides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Barluzzi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9JQ, U.K
| | - Sean R Giblin
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, U.K
| | - Akseli Mansikkamäki
- NMR Research Group, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 8000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Richard A Layfield
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9JQ, U.K
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14
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Motta LC, Autschbach J. Theoretical Evaluation of Metal-Ligand Bonding in Neptunium Compounds in Relation to 237Np Mössbauer Spectroscopy. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:13399-13412. [PMID: 35960509 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The 237Np Mössbauer isomer shift and quadrupole splitting (QS) are powerful probes for the metal-ligand bonding of neptunium, a 5f-element of vital importance in the nuclear fuel cycle. A large set of Np compounds with different oxidation states (III) to (VII) is studied to investigate, by first-principles calculations, isomer shifts and the QS trends in relation to the Np oxidation state. Natural Bond Orbital analysis reveals that in addition to donation bonding to the 5f shell, participation of the 6d and 7s neptunium shells in covalent (donation) bonding substantially impacts the isomer shifts. The isomer shift cannot be interpreted solely by the 5f shell electron count. The isomer shift for Np(II) compounds is estimated to be in the range of 31-34 mm/s, less positive than for Np(III) compounds. For the QS, density functional calculations fail to reproduce the quadrupole splitting for some Np(VI) ionic solids. A multiconfigurational wave function approach reproduces the observed QS trends. The calculations give a semiquantitative interpretation of the trends for Np oxidation states (V) to (VII). The contrasting QS for standard and "reverse" neptunyl(VI), at the opposite extremes of the observed QS scale, arises predominantly from the different crystal environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C Motta
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
| | - Jochen Autschbach
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
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15
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Rice NT, Dalodière E, Adelman SL, Jones ZR, Kozimor SA, Mocko V, Root HD, Stein BW. Oxidizing Americium(III) with Sodium Bismuthate in Acidic Aqueous Solutions. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:12948-12953. [PMID: 35939562 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Historic perspectives describing f-elements as being redox "inactive" are fading. Researchers continue to discover new oxidation states that are not as inaccessible as once assumed for actinides and lanthanides. Inspired by those contributions, we studied americium(III) oxidation in aqueous media under air using NaBiO3(s). We identified selective oxidation of Am3+(aq) to AmO22+(aq) or AmO21+(aq) could be achieved by changing the aqueous matrix identity. AmO22+(aq) formed in H3PO4(aq) (1 M) and AmO21+(aq) formed in dilute HCl(aq) (0.1 M). These americyl products were stable for weeks in solution. Also included is a method to recover 243Am from the americium and bismuth mixtures generated during these studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie T Rice
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Elodie Dalodière
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Sara L Adelman
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Zachary R Jones
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Stosh A Kozimor
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Veronika Mocko
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Harrison D Root
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Benjamin W Stein
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
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16
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Optically “silent” neptunium(V)-nitrate complex in ionic liquid. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.02.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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17
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Wang S, Wang D, Li T, Heng Y, Hou G, Zi G, Walter MD. Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity of the Uranium Bipyridyl Complex [{η 5-1,2,4-(Me 3Si) 3C 5H 2} 2U(bipy)]. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shichun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Dongwei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Tongyu Li
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yi Heng
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Guohua Hou
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Guofu Zi
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Marc D. Walter
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, Braunschweig 38106, Germany
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18
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Goodwin CAP, Wooles AJ, Murillo J, Lu E, Boronski JT, Scott BL, Gaunt AJ, Liddle ST. Carbene Complexes of Neptunium. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:9764-9774. [PMID: 35609882 PMCID: PMC9490846 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Since the advent
of organotransuranium chemistry six decades ago,
structurally verified complexes remain restricted to π-bonded
carbocycle and σ-bonded hydrocarbyl derivatives. Thus, transuranium-carbon
multiple or dative bonds are yet to be reported. Here, utilizing diphosphoniomethanide
precursors we report the synthesis and characterization of transuranium-carbene
derivatives, namely, diphosphonio-alkylidene- and N-heterocyclic carbene–neptunium(III) complexes that exhibit
polarized-covalent σ2π2 multiple
and dative σ2 single transuranium-carbon bond interactions,
respectively. The reaction of [NpIIII3(THF)4] with [Rb(BIPMTMSH)] (BIPMTMSH = {HC(PPh2NSiMe3)2}1–) affords
[(BIPMTMSH)NpIII(I)2(THF)] (3Np) in situ, and subsequent treatment with the N-heterocyclic carbene {C(NMeCMe)2} (IMe4) allows
isolation of [(BIPMTMSH)NpIII(I)2(IMe4)] (4Np). Separate treatment of in situ
prepared 3Np with benzyl potassium in 1,2-dimethoxyethane
(DME) affords [(BIPMTMS)NpIII(I)(DME)] (5Np, BIPMTMS = {C(PPh2NSiMe3)2}2–). Analogously, addition of benzyl
potassium and IMe4 to 4Np gives [(BIPMTMS)NpIII(I)(IMe4)2] (6Np). The synthesis of 3Np–6Np was facilitated by adopting a scaled-down prechoreographed approach
using cerium synthetic surrogates. The thorium(III) and uranium(III)
analogues of these neptunium(III) complexes are currently unavailable,
meaning that the synthesis of 4Np–6Np provides an example of experimental grounding of 5f- vs 5f- and
5f- vs 4f-element bonding and reactivity comparisons being led by
nonaqueous transuranium chemistry rather than thorium and uranium
congeners. Computational analysis suggests that these NpIII=C bonds are more covalent than UIII=C,
CeIII=C, and PmIII=C congeners
but comparable to analogous UIV=C bonds in terms
of bond orders and total metal contributions to the M=C bonds.
A preliminary assessment of NpIII=C reactivity has
introduced multiple bond metathesis to transuranium chemistry, extending
the range of known metallo-Wittig reactions to encompass actinide
oxidation states III-VI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conrad A P Goodwin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.,Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Ashley J Wooles
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Jesse Murillo
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Erli Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Josef T Boronski
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Brian L Scott
- Materials Physics and Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Andrew J Gaunt
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Stephen T Liddle
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
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19
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Köhler L, Patzschke M, Bauters S, Vitova T, Butorin SM, Kvashnina KO, Schmidt M, Stumpf T, März J. Insights into the Electronic Structure of a U(IV) Amido and U(V) Imido Complex. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200119. [PMID: 35179271 PMCID: PMC9310906 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Reaction of the N‐heterocylic carbene ligand iPrIm (L1) and lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide (TMSA) as a base with UCl4 resulted in U(IV) and U(V) complexes. Uranium's +V oxidation state in (HL1)2[U(V)(TMSI)Cl5] (TMSI=trimethylsilylimido) (2) was confirmed by HERFD‐XANES measurements. Solid state characterization by SC‐XRD and geometry optimisation of [U(IV)(L1)2(TMSA)Cl3] (1) indicated a silylamido ligand mediated inverse trans influence (ITI). The ITI was examined regarding different metal oxidation states and was compared to transition metal analogues by theoretical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Köhler
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Resource Ecology, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Patzschke
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Resource Ecology, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stephen Bauters
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Resource Ecology, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,The Rossendorf Beamline at ESRF at the European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Tonya Vitova
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), P.O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sergei M Butorin
- Condensed Matter Physics of Energy Materials, X-ray Photon Science, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 516, SE-751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kristina O Kvashnina
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Resource Ecology, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,The Rossendorf Beamline at ESRF at the European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Moritz Schmidt
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Resource Ecology, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thorsten Stumpf
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Resource Ecology, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Juliane März
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Resource Ecology, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
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20
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Wang S, Li T, Heng Y, Wang D, Hou G, Zi G, Walter MD. Small-Molecule Activation Mediated by [η 5-1,3-(Me 3Si) 2C 5H 3] 2U(bipy). Inorg Chem 2022; 61:6234-6251. [PMID: 35413191 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The uranium bipyridyl metallocene, [η5-1,3-(Me3Si)2C5H3]2U(bipy) (2), is readily accessible in good yield by adding potassium graphite (KC8) to a mixture of [η5-1,3-(Me3Si)2C5H3]2UCl2 (1) and 2,2'-bipyridine. Compound 2 was fully characterized and employed for small-molecule activation. It has been demonstrated that 2 may serve as a synthon for [η5-1,3-(Me3Si)2C5H3]2U(II) fragment in the presence of Ph2E2 (E = S, Se), alkynes, and a variety of hetero-unsaturated molecules such as diazabutadienes, azine (Ph2C═N)2, o-benzoquinone, pyridine N-oxide, CS2, isothiocyanates, and organic azides. However, upon exposure of 2 to thio-ketone Ph2CS, aldehyde p-MePhCHO, ketone Ph2CO, imine PhCH═NPh, azine (PhCH═N)2, and nitrile PhCN, it may also promote C-C coupling reactions forming [η5-1,3-(Me3Si)2C5H3]2U[(bipy)(Ph2CS)] (16), [η5-1,3-(Me3Si)2C5H3]2U[(bipy)(p-MePhCHO)] (17), [η5-1,3-(Me3Si)2C5H3]2U[(bipy)(Ph2CO)] (18), [η5-1,3-(Me3Si)2C5H3]2U[(bipy)(PhCHNPh)] (19), [η5-1,3-(Me3Si)2C5H3]2U[(bipy)(PhCHNN═CHPh)] (20), and [η5-1,3-(Me3Si)2C5H3]2U[(N2C10H7C(Ph)NH)] (22), respectively, in quantitative conversion. Furthermore, in the presence of CuI, a single-electron transfer (SET) process is observed to yield the uranium(III) iodide complex [η5-1,3-(Me3Si)2C5H3]2U(I)(bipy) (15).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Tongyu Li
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yi Heng
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Dongwei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Guohua Hou
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Guofu Zi
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Marc D Walter
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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21
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Long BN, Beltrán-Leiva MJ, Celis-Barros C, Sperling JM, Poe TN, Baumbach RE, Windorff CJ, Albrecht-Schönzart TE. Cyclopentadienyl coordination induces unexpected ionic Am-N bonding in an americium bipyridyl complex. Nat Commun 2022; 13:201. [PMID: 35017503 PMCID: PMC8752859 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27821-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Variations in bonding between trivalent lanthanides and actinides is critical for reprocessing spent nuclear fuel. The ability to tune bonding and the coordination environment in these trivalent systems is a key factor in identifying a solution for separating lanthanides and actinides. Coordination of 4,4'-bipyridine (4,4'-bpy) and trimethylsilylcyclopentadienide (Cp') to americium introduces unexpectedly ionic Am-N bonding character and unique spectroscopic properties. Here we report the structural characterization of (Cp'3Am)2(μ - 4,4'-bpy) and its lanthanide analogue, (Cp'3Nd)2(μ - 4,4'-bpy), by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Spectroscopic techniques in both solid and solution phase are performed in conjunction with theoretical calculations to probe the effects the unique coordination environment has on the electronic structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian N Long
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - María J Beltrán-Leiva
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Cristian Celis-Barros
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Joseph M Sperling
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Todd N Poe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Ryan E Baumbach
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, 1800 E. Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA
| | - Cory J Windorff
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, MSC 3C, PO box 30001, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA
| | - Thomas E Albrecht-Schönzart
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA.
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22
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Goodwin CAP, Ciccone SR, Bekoe S, Majumdar S, Scott BL, Ziller JW, Gaunt AJ, Furche F, Evans WJ. 2.2.2-Cryptand complexes of neptunium(III) and plutonium(III). Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 58:997-1000. [PMID: 34937074 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05904a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
New coordination environments are reported for Np(III) and Pu(III) based on pilot studies of U(III) in 2.2.2-cryptand (crypt). The U(III)-in-crypt complex, [U(crypt)I2][I], obtained from the reaction between UI3 and crypt, is treated with Me3SiOTf (OTf = O3SCF3) in benzene to form the [U(crypt)(OTf)2][OTf] complex. Similarly, the isomorphous Np(III) and Pu(III) complexes were obtained similarly starting from [AnI3(THF)4]. All three complexes (1-An; An = U, Np, Pu) contain an encapsulated actinide in a THF-soluble complex. Absorption spectroscopy and DFT calculations are consistent with 5f3 U(III), 5f4 Np(III), and 5f5 Pu(III) electron configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conrad A P Goodwin
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA.
| | - Sierra R Ciccone
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-2025, USA.
| | - Samuel Bekoe
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-2025, USA.
| | - Sourav Majumdar
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-2025, USA.
| | - Brian L Scott
- Materials Physics & Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Joseph W Ziller
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-2025, USA.
| | - Andrew J Gaunt
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA.
| | - Filipp Furche
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-2025, USA.
| | - William J Evans
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-2025, USA.
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23
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Goodwin CAP, Janicke MT, Scott BL, Gaunt AJ. [AnI 3(THF) 4] (An = Np, Pu) Preparation Bypassing An 0 Metal Precursors: Access to Np 3+/Pu 3+ Nonaqueous and Organometallic Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:20680-20696. [PMID: 34854294 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c07967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Direct comparison of homologous molecules provides a foundation from which to elucidate both subtle and patent changes in reactivity patterns, redox processes, and bonding properties across a series of elements. While trivalent molecular U chemistry is richly developed, analogous Np or Pu research has long been hindered by synthetic routes often requiring scarcely available metallic-phase source material, high-temperature solid-state reactions producing poorly soluble binary halides, or the use of pyrophoric reagents. The development of routes to nonaqueous Np3+/Pu3+ from widely available precursors can potentially transform the scope and pace of research into actinide periodicity. Here, aqueous stocks of An4+ (An = Np, Pu) are dehydrated to well-defined [AnCl4(DME)2] (DME = 1,2-dimethoxyethane), and then a single-step halide exchange/reduction employing Me3SiI produces [AnI3(THF)4] (THF = tetrahydrofuran) in a high to nearly quantitative crystalline yield (with I2 and Me3SiCl as easily removed byproducts). We demonstrate the synthetic utility of these An-iodide molecules, prepared by metal0-free routes, through characterization of archetypal complexes including the tris-silylamide, [Np{N(SiMe3)2}3], and bent metallocenes, [An(C5Me5)2(I)(THF)] (An = Np, Pu)─chosen because both motifs are ubiquitous in Th, U, and lanthanide research. The synthesis of [Np{N(Se═PPh2)2}3] is also reported, completing an isomorphous series that now extends from U to Am and is the first characterized Np3+-Se bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conrad A P Goodwin
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Michael T Janicke
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Brian L Scott
- Materials Physics & Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Andrew J Gaunt
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
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24
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Wedal JC, Evans WJ. A Rare-Earth Metal Retrospective to Stimulate All Fields. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:18354-18367. [PMID: 34677044 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c08288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Formulating insightful questions and experiments is crucial to the advancement of science. The purpose of this Perspective is to encourage scientists in all areas of chemistry to ask more "What if?" questions: What if we tried this experiment? What if we used these conditions? What if that idea is not correct? To stimulate this thinking, a retrospective analysis of a specific field, in this case rare-earth metal chemistry, is presented that describes the "What if?" questions that could have and should have been asked earlier based on our current knowledge. The goal is to provide scientists with a historical perspective of discovery that exemplifies how previous views in chemistry were often narrowed by predominant beliefs in principles that were incorrect. The same situation is likely to exist today, but we do not realize the limitations! Hopefully, this analysis can be used as a springboard for posing important "What if?" questions that should be asked right now in every area of chemical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin C Wedal
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - William J Evans
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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25
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Su J, Cheisson T, McSkimming A, Goodwin CAP, DiMucci IM, Albrecht-Schönzart T, Scott BL, Batista ER, Gaunt AJ, Kozimor SA, Yang P, Schelter EJ. Complexation and redox chemistry of neptunium, plutonium and americium with a hydroxylaminato ligand. Chem Sci 2021; 12:13343-13359. [PMID: 34777753 PMCID: PMC8528073 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03905a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
There is significant interest in ligands that can stabilize actinide ions in oxidation states that can be exploited to chemically differentiate 5f and 4f elements. Applications range from developing large-scale actinide separation strategies for nuclear industry processing to carrying out analytical studies that support environmental monitoring and remediation efforts. Here, we report syntheses and characterization of Np(iv), Pu(iv) and Am(iii) complexes with N-tert-butyl-N-(pyridin-2-yl)hydroxylaminato, [2-(tBuNO)py]−(interchangeable hereafter with [(tBuNO)py]−), a ligand which was previously found to impart remarkable stability to cerium in the +4 oxidation state. An[(tBuNO)py]4 (An = Pu, 1; Np, 2) have been synthesized, characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray absorption, 1H NMR and UV-vis-NIR spectroscopies, and cyclic voltammetry, along with computational modeling and analysis. In the case of Pu, oxidation of Pu(iii) to Pu(iv) was observed upon complexation with the [(tBuNO)py]− ligand. The Pu complex 1 and Np complex 2 were also isolated directly from Pu(iv) and Np(iv) precursors. Electrochemical measurements indicate that a Pu(iii) species can be accessed upon one-electron reduction of 1 with a large negative reduction potential (E1/2 = −2.26 V vs. Fc+/0). Applying oxidation potentials to 1 and 2 resulted in ligand-centered electron transfer reactions, which is different from the previously reported redox chemistry of UIV[(tBuNO)py]4 that revealed a stable U(v) product. Treatment of an anhydrous Am(iii) precursor with the [(tBuNO)py]− ligand did not result in oxidation to Am(iv). Instead, the dimeric complex [AmIII(μ2-(tBuNO)py)((tBuNO)py)2]2 (3) was isolated. Complex 3 is a rare example of a structurally characterized non-aqueous Am-containing molecular complex prepared using inert atmosphere techniques. Predicted redox potentials from density functional theory calculations show a trivalent accessibility trend of U(iii) < Np(iii) < Pu(iii) and that the higher oxidation states of actinides (i.e., +5 for Np and Pu and +4 for Am) are not stabilized by [2-(tBuNO)py]−, in good agreement with experimental observations. The coordination modes and electronic properties of a strongly coordinating hydroxylaminato ligand with Np, Pu and Am were investigated.Complexes were characterized by a range of experimental and computational techniques.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Su
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos New Mexico 87545 USA
| | - Thibault Cheisson
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 S 34th St. Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104 USA
| | - Alex McSkimming
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 S 34th St. Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104 USA
| | - Conrad A P Goodwin
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos New Mexico 87545 USA
| | - Ida M DiMucci
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos New Mexico 87545 USA
| | - Thomas Albrecht-Schönzart
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University 95 Chieftan Way Tallahassee Florida 32306 USA
| | - Brian L Scott
- Materials and Physics Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos New Mexico 87545 USA
| | - Enrique R Batista
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos New Mexico 87545 USA
| | - Andrew J Gaunt
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos New Mexico 87545 USA
| | - Stosh A Kozimor
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos New Mexico 87545 USA
| | - Ping Yang
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos New Mexico 87545 USA
| | - Eric J Schelter
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 S 34th St. Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104 USA
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26
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Galley SS, Pattenaude SA, Ray D, Gaggioli CA, Whitefoot MA, Qiao Y, Higgins RF, Nelson WL, Baumbach R, Sperling JM, Zeller M, Collins TS, Schelter EJ, Gagliardi L, Albrecht-Schönzart TE, Bart SC. Using Redox-Active Ligands to Generate Actinide Ligand Radical Species. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:15242-15252. [PMID: 34569783 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Using a redox-active dioxophenoxazine ligand, DOPO (DOPO = 2,4,6,8-tetra-tert-butyl-1-oxo-1H-phenoxazine-9-olate), a family of actinide (U, Th, Np, and Pu) and Hf tris(ligand) coordination compounds was synthesized. The full characterization of these species using 1H NMR spectroscopy, electronic absorption spectroscopy, SQUID magnetometry, and X-ray crystallography showed that these compounds are analogous and exist in the form M(DOPOq)2(DOPOsq), where two ligands are of the oxidized quinone form (DOPOq) and the third is of the reduced semiquinone (DOPOsq) form. The electronic structures of these complexes were further investigated using CASSCF calculations, which revealed electronic structures consistent with metals in the +4 formal oxidation state and one unpaired electron localized on one ligand in each complex. Furthermore, f orbitals of the early actinides show a sizable bonding overlap with the ligand 2p orbitals. Notably, this is the first example of a plutonium-ligand radical species and a rare example of magnetic data being recorded for a homogeneous plutonium coordination complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane S Galley
- H. C. Brown Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Scott A Pattenaude
- H. C. Brown Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Debmalya Ray
- Department of Chemistry, Supercomputing Institute, and Chemical Theory Centre, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Carlo Alberto Gaggioli
- Department of Chemistry, Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, James Franck Institute, and Chicago Center for Theoretical Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Megan A Whitefoot
- H. C. Brown Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Yusen Qiao
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Robert F Higgins
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - W L Nelson
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States.,Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Ryan Baumbach
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States.,Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Joseph M Sperling
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Matthias Zeller
- H. C. Brown Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Tyler S Collins
- H. C. Brown Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Eric J Schelter
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Laura Gagliardi
- Department of Chemistry, Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, James Franck Institute, and Chicago Center for Theoretical Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Thomas E Albrecht-Schönzart
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Suzanne C Bart
- H. C. Brown Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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27
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Xu ZF, Zhang WJ, Zhang P, Hu SX. Unprecedented neptunyl(V) cation-directed structural variations in Np 2O x compounds. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:15590-15597. [PMID: 34528990 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr03408a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Studies on transuranic oxides provide a particularly valuable insight into chemical bonding in actinide compounds, in which subtle differences between metal ions and oxygen atoms are of fundamental importance for the stability of these compounds as well as their existence. In the case of neptunium, it is still mainly limited to specific Np oxide compounds without periodicity in the formation of stable structures or different oxidation states. Here, we report a systematic global minimum search of Np2Ox (x = 1-7) clusters and the computational study of their electronic structures and chemical bonding. These studies suggest that Np(V) ion could play the structure-directing role, and thus the mixed-valent Np(III/V) in Np2O4 is predicted accessible. In comparison with lower oxidation state Np analogues, significant 5f-orbital covalent interactions with Np(V)O bonding are observed, which shows that these model neptunium oxides can provide new understandings into the behavior of 5f-electrons in chemical bonding and structural design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Fei Xu
- Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wen-Jing Zhang
- Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shu-Xian Hu
- Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing, 100193, China
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28
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Gilson SE, Burns PC. The crystal and coordination chemistry of neptunium in all its oxidation states: An expanded structural hierarchy of neptunium compounds. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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29
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Moore WNG, Ziller JW, Evans WJ. Optimizing Alkali Metal (M) and Chelate (L) Combinations for the Synthesis and Stability of [M(L)][(C 5H 4SiMe 3) 3Y] Yttrium(II) Complexes. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William N. G. Moore
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Joseph W. Ziller
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - William J. Evans
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
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30
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Celis-Barros C, Albrecht-Schönzart T, Windorff CJ. Computational Investigation of the Bonding in [(η 5–Cp′) 3(η 1–Cp′)M] 1– (M = Pu, U, Ce). Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Celis-Barros
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, RM. 118 DLC, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Thomas Albrecht-Schönzart
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, RM. 118 DLC, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Cory J. Windorff
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, RM. 118 DLC, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, MSC 3C, PO Box 3001, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, United States
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31
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Wedal JC, Barlow JM, Ziller JW, Yang JY, Evans WJ. Electrochemical studies of tris(cyclopentadienyl)thorium and uranium complexes in the +2, +3, and +4 oxidation states. Chem Sci 2021; 12:8501-8511. [PMID: 34221331 PMCID: PMC8221189 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01906f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrochemical measurements on tris(cyclopentadienyl)thorium and uranium compounds in the +2, +3, and +4 oxidation states are reported with C5H3(SiMe3)2, C5H4SiMe3, and C5Me4H ligands. The reduction potentials for both U and Th complexes trend with the electron donating abilities of the cyclopentadienyl ligand. Thorium complexes have more negative An(iii)/An(ii) reduction potentials than the uranium analogs. Electrochemical measurements of isolated Th(ii) complexes indicated that the Th(iii)/Th(ii) couple was surprisingly similar to the Th(iv)/Th(iii) couple in Cp''-ligated complexes. This suggested that Th(ii) complexes could be prepared from Th(iv) precursors and this was demonstrated synthetically by isolation of directly from UV-visible spectroelectrochemical measurements and reactions of with elemental barium indicated that the thorium system undergoes sequential one electron transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin C Wedal
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine California 92697 USA
| | - Jeffrey M Barlow
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine California 92697 USA
| | - Joseph W Ziller
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine California 92697 USA
| | - Jenny Y Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine California 92697 USA
| | - William J Evans
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine California 92697 USA
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32
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Staun SL, Stevens LM, Smiles DE, Goodwin CAP, Billow BS, Scott BL, Wu G, Tondreau AM, Gaunt AJ, Hayton TW. Expanding the Nonaqueous Chemistry of Neptunium: Synthesis and Structural Characterization of [Np(NR 2) 3Cl], [Np(NR 2) 3Cl] -, and [Np{ N(R)(SiMe 2CH 2)} 2(NR 2)] - (R = SiMe 3). Inorg Chem 2021; 60:2740-2748. [PMID: 33539075 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Reaction of 3 equiv of NaNR2 (R = SiMe3) with NpCl4(DME)2 in THF afforded the Np(IV) silylamide complex, [Np(NR2)3Cl] (1), in good yield. Reaction of 1 with 1.5 equiv of KC8 in THF, in the presence of 1 equiv of dibenzo-18-crown-6, resulted in formation of [{K(DB-18-C-6)(THF)}3(μ3-Cl)][Np(NR2)3Cl]2 (4), also in good yield. Complex 4 represents the first structurally characterized Np(III) amide. Finally, reaction of NpCl4(DME)2 with 5 equiv of NaNR2 and 1 equiv of dibenzo-18-crown-6 afforded the Np(IV) bis(metallacycle), [{Na(DB-18-C-6)(Et2O)0.62(κ1-DME)0.38}2(μ-DME)][Np{N(R)(SiMe2CH2)}2(NR2)]2 (8), in moderate yield. Complex 8 was characterized by 1H NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography and represents a rare example of a structurally characterized neptunium-hydrocarbyl complex. To support these studies, we also synthesized the uranium analogues of 4 and 8, namely, [K(2,2,2-cryptand)][U(NR2)3Cl] (2), [K(DB-18-C-6)(THF)2][U(NR2)3Cl] (3), [Na(DME)3][U{N(R)(SiMe2CH2)}2(NR2)] (6), and [{Na(DB-18-C-6)(Et2O)0.5(κ1-DME)0.5}2(μ-DME)][U{N(R)(SiMe2CH2)}2(NR2)]2 (7). Complexes 2, 3, 6, and 7 were characterized by a number of techniques, including NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selena L Staun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States.,Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Lauren M Stevens
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Danil E Smiles
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States.,Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Conrad A P Goodwin
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Brennan S Billow
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Brian L Scott
- Materials and Physics Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Guang Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Aaron M Tondreau
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Andrew J Gaunt
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Trevor W Hayton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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33
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Su DM, Cai HX, Zheng XJ, Niu S, Pan QJ. Theoretical design and exploration of low-valent uranium metallocenes via manipulating cyclopentadienyl substituent. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2020.113107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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34
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Windorff CJ, Sperling JM, Albrecht-Schönzart TE, Bai Z, Evans WJ, Gaiser AN, Gaunt AJ, Goodwin CAP, Hobart DE, Huffman ZK, Huh DN, Klamm BE, Poe TN, Warzecha E. A Single Small-Scale Plutonium Redox Reaction System Yields Three Crystallographically-Characterizable Organoplutonium Complexes. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:13301-13314. [PMID: 32910649 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
An approach to obtaining substantial amounts of data from a hazardous starting material that can only be obtained and handled in small quantities is demonstrated by the investigation of a single small-scale reaction of cyclooctatetraene, C8H8, with a solution obtained from the reduction of Cp'3Pu (Cp' = C5H4SiMe3) with potassium graphite. This one reaction coupled with oxidation of a product has provided single-crystal X-ray structural data on three organoplutonium compounds as well as information on redox chemistry thereby demonstrating an efficient route to new reactivity and structural information on this highly radioactive element. The crystal structures were obtained from the reduction of C8H8 by a putative Pu(II) complex, (Cp'3PuII)1-, generated in situ, to form the Pu(III) cyclooctatetraenide complex, [K(crypt)][(C8H8)2PuIII], 1-Pu, and the tetra(cyclopentadienyl) Pu(III) complex, [K(crypt)][Cp'4PuIII], 2-Pu. Oxidation of the sample of 1-Pu with Ag(I) afforded a third organoplutonium complex that has been structurally characterized for the first time, (C8H8)2PuIV, 3-Pu. Complexes 1-Pu and 3-Pu contain Pu sandwiched between parallel (C8H8)2- rings. The (Cp'4PuIII)- anion in 2-Pu features three η5-Cp' rings and one η1-Cp' ring, which is a rare example of a formal Pu-C η1-bond. In addition, this study addresses the challenge of small-scale synthesis imparted by radiological and material availability of transuranium isotopes, in particular that of pure metal samples. A route to an anhydrous Pu(III) starting material from the more readily available PuIVO2 was developed to facilitate reproducible syntheses and allow complete spectroscopic analysis of 1-Pu and 2-Pu. PuIVO2 was converted to PuIIIBr3(DME)2 (DME = CH3OCH2CH2OCH3) and subsequently PuIIIBr3(THF)x, which was used to independently synthesize 1-Pu, 2-Pu, and 3-Pu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory J Windorff
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States.,Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Joseph M Sperling
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Thomas E Albrecht-Schönzart
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Zhuanling Bai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - William J Evans
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Alyssa N Gaiser
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Andrew J Gaunt
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Conrad A P Goodwin
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - David E Hobart
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Zachary K Huffman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Daniel N Huh
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Bonnie E Klamm
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Todd N Poe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Evan Warzecha
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
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35
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Balasubramani SG, Chen GP, Coriani S, Diedenhofen M, Frank MS, Franzke YJ, Furche F, Grotjahn R, Harding ME, Hättig C, Hellweg A, Helmich-Paris B, Holzer C, Huniar U, Kaupp M, Marefat Khah A, Karbalaei Khani S, Müller T, Mack F, Nguyen BD, Parker SM, Perlt E, Rappoport D, Reiter K, Roy S, Rückert M, Schmitz G, Sierka M, Tapavicza E, Tew DP, van Wüllen C, Voora VK, Weigend F, Wodyński A, Yu JM. TURBOMOLE: Modular program suite for ab initio quantum-chemical and condensed-matter simulations. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:184107. [PMID: 32414256 PMCID: PMC7228783 DOI: 10.1063/5.0004635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 506] [Impact Index Per Article: 126.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
TURBOMOLE is a collaborative, multi-national software development project aiming to provide highly efficient and stable computational tools for quantum chemical simulations of molecules, clusters, periodic systems, and solutions. The TURBOMOLE software suite is optimized for widely available, inexpensive, and resource-efficient hardware such as multi-core workstations and small computer clusters. TURBOMOLE specializes in electronic structure methods with outstanding accuracy-cost ratio, such as density functional theory including local hybrids and the random phase approximation (RPA), GW-Bethe-Salpeter methods, second-order Møller-Plesset theory, and explicitly correlated coupled-cluster methods. TURBOMOLE is based on Gaussian basis sets and has been pivotal for the development of many fast and low-scaling algorithms in the past three decades, such as integral-direct methods, fast multipole methods, the resolution-of-the-identity approximation, imaginary frequency integration, Laplace transform, and pair natural orbital methods. This review focuses on recent additions to TURBOMOLE's functionality, including excited-state methods, RPA and Green's function methods, relativistic approaches, high-order molecular properties, solvation effects, and periodic systems. A variety of illustrative applications along with accuracy and timing data are discussed. Moreover, available interfaces to users as well as other software are summarized. TURBOMOLE's current licensing, distribution, and support model are discussed, and an overview of TURBOMOLE's development workflow is provided. Challenges such as communication and outreach, software infrastructure, and funding are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sree Ganesh Balasubramani
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, 1102 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, California 92697-2025, USA
| | - Guo P Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, 1102 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, California 92697-2025, USA
| | - Sonia Coriani
- DTU Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Build. 207, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Michael Diedenhofen
- Dassault Systèmes Deutschland GmbH, Imbacher Weg 46, 51379 Leverkusen, Germany
| | - Marius S Frank
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Yannick J Franzke
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), KIT Campus South, P.O. Box 6980, 76049 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Filipp Furche
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, 1102 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, California 92697-2025, USA
| | - Robin Grotjahn
- Institut für Chemie, Theoretische Chemie/Quantenchemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Sekr. C7, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Christof Hättig
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Arnim Hellweg
- Dassault Systèmes Deutschland GmbH, Imbacher Weg 46, 51379 Leverkusen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Helmich-Paris
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Christof Holzer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), KIT Campus South, P.O. Box 6980, 76049 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Uwe Huniar
- Dassault Systèmes Deutschland GmbH, Imbacher Weg 46, 51379 Leverkusen, Germany
| | - Martin Kaupp
- Institut für Chemie, Theoretische Chemie/Quantenchemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Sekr. C7, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alireza Marefat Khah
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Müller
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich Supercomputer Centre, Wilhelm-Jonen Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Fabian Mack
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), KIT Campus South, P.O. Box 6980, 76049 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Brian D Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, 1102 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, California 92697-2025, USA
| | - Shane M Parker
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Eva Perlt
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, 1102 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, California 92697-2025, USA
| | - Dmitrij Rappoport
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Kevin Reiter
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), KIT Campus North, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Saswata Roy
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, 1102 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, California 92697-2025, USA
| | - Matthias Rückert
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Gunnar Schmitz
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus Universitet, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marek Sierka
- TURBOMOLE GmbH, Litzenhardtstraße 19, 76135 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Enrico Tapavicza
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Boulevard, Long Beach, California 90840, USA
| | - David P Tew
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstaße 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Christoph van Wüllen
- Fachbereich Chemie and Forschungszentrum OPTIMAS, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Staße 52, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Vamsee K Voora
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Florian Weigend
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), KIT Campus North, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Artur Wodyński
- Institut für Chemie, Theoretische Chemie/Quantenchemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Sekr. C7, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jason M Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, 1102 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, California 92697-2025, USA
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36
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Guo F, Tsoureas N, Huang G, Tong M, Mansikkamäki A, Layfield RA. Isolation of a Perfectly Linear Uranium(II) Metallocene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201912663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fu‐Sheng Guo
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Sussex Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QR UK
| | - Nikolaos Tsoureas
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Sussex Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QR UK
| | - Guo‐Zhang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of the Ministry of EducationSchool of ChemistrySun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
| | - Ming‐Liang Tong
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of the Ministry of EducationSchool of ChemistrySun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
| | - Akseli Mansikkamäki
- Department of ChemistryNanoscience CenterUniversity of Jyväskylä P.O. Box 35 40014 Jyväskylä Finland
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37
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Moehring SA, Evans WJ. Evaluating Electron‐Transfer Reactivity of Complexes of Actinides in +2 and +3 Oxidation States by using EPR Spectroscopy. Chemistry 2020; 26:1530-1534. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A. Moehring
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Irvine 1102 Natural Sciences II Irvine CA 92697-2025 USA
| | - William J. Evans
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Irvine 1102 Natural Sciences II Irvine CA 92697-2025 USA
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38
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Ryan AJ, Ziller JW, Evans WJ. The importance of the counter-cation in reductive rare-earth metal chemistry: 18-crown-6 instead of 2,2,2-cryptand allows isolation of [Y II(NR 2) 3] 1- and ynediolate and enediolate complexes from CO reactions. Chem Sci 2020; 11:2006-2014. [PMID: 34123296 PMCID: PMC8150099 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc05794c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of 18-crown-6 (18-c-6) in place of 2.2.2-cryptand (crypt) in rare earth amide reduction reactions involving potassium has proven to be crucial in the synthesis of Ln(ii) complexes and isolation of their CO reduction products. The faster speed of crystallization with 18-c-6 appears to be important. Previous studies have shown that reduction of the trivalent amide complexes Ln(NR2)3 (R = SiMe3) with potassium in the presence of 2.2.2-cryptand (crypt) forms the divalent [K(crypt)][LnII(NR2)3] complexes for Ln = Gd, Tb, Dy, and Tm. However, for Ho and Er, the [Ln(NR2)3]1- anions were only isolable with [Rb(crypt)]1+ counter-cations and isolation of the [YII(NR2)3]1- anion was not possible under any of these conditions. We now report that by changing the potassium chelator from crypt to 18-crown-6 (18-c-6), the [Ln(NR2)3]1- anions can be isolated not only for Ln = Gd, Tb, Dy, and Tm, but also for Ho, Er, and Y. Specifically, these anions are isolated as salts of a 1 : 2 potassium : crown sandwich cation, [K(18-c-6)2]1+, i.e. [K(18-c-6)2][Ln(NR2)3]. The [K(18-c-6)2]1+ counter-cation was superior not only in the synthesis, but it also allowed the isolation of crystallographically-characterizable products from reactions of CO with the [Ln(NR2)3]1- anions that were not obtainable from the [K(crypt)]1+ analogs. Reaction of CO with [K(18-c-6)2][Ln(NR2)3], generated in situ, yielded crystals of the ynediolate products, {[(R2N)3Ln]2(μ-OC[triple bond, length as m-dash]CO)}2-, which crystallized with counter-cations possessing 2 : 3 potassium : crown ratios, i.e.{[K2(18-c-6)3]}2+, for Gd, Dy, Ho. In contrast, reaction of CO with a solution of isolated [K(18-c-6)2][Gd(NR2)3], produced crystals of an enediolate complex isolated with a counter-cation with a 2 : 2 potassium : crown ratio namely [K(18-c-6)]2 2+ in the complex [K(18-c-6)]2{[(R2N)2Gd2(μ-OCH[double bond, length as m-dash]CHO)2]}.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin J Ryan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine California 92697-2025 USA
| | - Joseph W Ziller
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine California 92697-2025 USA
| | - William J Evans
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine California 92697-2025 USA
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39
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Guo FS, Tsoureas N, Huang GZ, Tong ML, Mansikkamäki A, Layfield RA. Isolation of a Perfectly Linear Uranium(II) Metallocene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:2299-2303. [PMID: 31710765 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201912663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Reduction of the uranium(III) metallocene [(η5 -C5 i Pr5 )2 UI] (1) with potassium graphite produces the "second-generation" uranocene [(η5 -C5 i Pr5 )2 U] (2), which contains uranium in the formal divalent oxidation state. The geometry of 2 is that of a perfectly linear bis(cyclopentadienyl) sandwich complex, with the ground-state valence electron configuration of uranium(II) revealed by electronic spectroscopy and density functional theory to be 5f3 6d1 . Appreciable covalent contributions to the metal-ligand bonds were determined from a computational study of 2, including participation from the uranium 5f and 6d orbitals. Whereas three unpaired electrons in 2 occupy orbitals with essentially pure 5f character, the fourth electron resides in an orbital defined by strong 7s-6d z 2 mixing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Sheng Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QR, UK
| | - Nikolaos Tsoureas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QR, UK
| | - Guo-Zhang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Liang Tong
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Akseli Mansikkamäki
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Richard A Layfield
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QR, UK
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40
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Gompa TP, Ramanathan A, Rice NT, La Pierre HS. The chemical and physical properties of tetravalent lanthanides: Pr, Nd, Tb, and Dy. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:15945-15987. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01400a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The thermochemistry, descriptive chemistry, spectroscopy, and physical properties of the tetravalent lanthanides (Pr, Nd, Tb and Dy) in extended phases, gas phase, solution, and as isolable molecular complexes are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaige P. Gompa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
- USA
| | - Arun Ramanathan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
- USA
| | - Natalie T. Rice
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
- USA
| | - Henry S. La Pierre
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
- USA
- Nuclear and Radiological Engineering Program
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41
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Niu S, Cai HX, Zhao HB, Li L, Pan QJ. Redox and structural properties of accessible actinide(ii) metallocalixarenes (Ac to Pu): a relativistic DFT study. RSC Adv 2020; 10:26880-26887. [PMID: 35515776 PMCID: PMC9055483 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05365a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The redox properties of actinides play a significant role in manipulating organometallic chemistry and energy/environment science, for being involved in fundamental concepts (oxidation state, bonding and reactivity), nuclear fuel cycles and contamination remediation. Herein, a series of trans-calix[2]pyrrole[2]benzene (H2L2) actinide complexes (An = Ac–Pu, and oxidation states of +II and +III) have been studied by relativistic density functional theory. Reduction potentials (E0) of [AnL2]+/[AnL2] were computed within −2.45 and −1.64 V versus Fc+/Fc in THF, comparable to experimental values of −2.50 V for [UL1e]/[UL1e]− (H3L1e = (Ad,MeArOH)3mesitylene and Ad = adamantyl) and −2.35 V for [U(CpiPr)2]+/[U(CpiPr)2] (CpiPr = C5iPr5). The E0 values show an overall increasing trend from Ac to Pu but a break point at Np being lower than adjacent elements. The arene/actinide mixed reduction mechanism is proposed, showing arenes predominant in Ac–Pa complexes but diverting to metal-centered domination in U–Pu ones. Besides being consistent with previously reported those of AnIII/AnII couples, the changing trend of our reduction potentials is corroborated by geometric data, topological analysis of bonds and electronic structures as well as additional calculations on actinide complexes ligated by tris(alkyloxide)arene, silyl-cyclopentadiene and octadentate Schiff-base polypyrrole in terms of electron affinity. The regularity would help to explore synthesis and property of novel actinide(ii) complex. DFT study reveals the trend of reduction potential of [AnL2]+/[AnL2] (An = Ac ∼ Pu), comparable to previously reported ones of AnIII/AnII and corroborated by calculations of relevant complexes and structural/bonding properties of [AnL2]+/0.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Niu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry of Education Ministry
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Heilongjiang University
- Harbin 150080
- China
| | - Hong-Xue Cai
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry of Education Ministry
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Heilongjiang University
- Harbin 150080
- China
| | - Hong-Bo Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry of Education Ministry
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Heilongjiang University
- Harbin 150080
- China
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry of Education Ministry
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Heilongjiang University
- Harbin 150080
- China
| | - Qing-Jiang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry of Education Ministry
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Heilongjiang University
- Harbin 150080
- China
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42
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Tsoureas N, Mansikkamäki A, Layfield RA. Uranium(iv) cyclobutadienyl sandwich compounds: synthesis, structure and chemical bonding. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 56:944-947. [PMID: 31853530 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc09018e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The 1 : 1 reactions of uranium(iv) tetrakis(borohydride) with the sodium and potassium salts of the cyclobutadienyl anion [C4(SiMe3)4]2- (Cb'''') produce the half-sandwich complexes [Na(12-crown-4)2][U(η4-Cb'''')(BH4)3] and [U(η4-Cb'''')(μ-BH4)3{K(THF)2}]2. In the 1 : 2 reaction of U(BH4)4 with Na2Cb'''', formation of [U(η4-Cb'''')(η3-C4H(SiMe3)3-κ-(CH2SiMe2)(BH4))]- reveals that a Cb'''' ligand undergoes an intramolecular deprotonation, resulting in an allyl/tuck-in bonding mode. A computational study reveals that the uranium-Cb'''' bonding has an appreciable covalent component with contributions from the uranium 5f and 6d orbitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Tsoureas
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QR, UK.
| | - Akseli Mansikkamäki
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, Jyväskylä, FI-40014, Finland.
| | - Richard A Layfield
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QR, UK.
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43
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Yu JM, Furche F. Theoretical Study of Divalent Bis(Pentaisopropylcyclopentadienyl) Actinocenes. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:16004-16010. [PMID: 31738053 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The existence of divalent bis(pentaisopropylcyclopentadienyl) actinocene compounds, An(CpiPr5)2 (An = Th, U, Pu, Am, Bk, No, and Lr), is assessed by density functional theory (DFT) calculations with scalar-relativistic small-core pseudopotentials. The calculations predict ground states with significant 6d occupation for Th, U, and Lr, whereas Am, Bk, and No exhibit 5f ground states. A mixed ground state with predominant 5f character is found for Pu. The complexes exhibit a linear coordination geometry and high S10 symmetry except for Pu(CpiPr5)2 and Am(CpiPr5)2, which are found to be bent by 11 and 12°, respectively. Absorption spectra are simulated with time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) and compared to experimental spectra of known tris(C4H4SiMe3) and tris(C5H3(SiMe3)2) compounds [ J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2015 , 137 , 369 - 382 . DOI: 10.1021/ja510831n ] as well as recently synthesized divalent lanthanide analogs Dy(CpiPr5)2 and Tb(CpiPr5)2 [ J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 2019 , 141 , 12967 - 12973 . DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b05816 ]. Thermodynamic stability is assessed by calculation of adiabatic reduction potentials of the trivalent precursors [An(CpiPr5)2]+, and the feasibility of further reduction to obtain as yet unknown monovalent molecular actinide complexes is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Yu
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Irvine , 1102 Natural Sciences II , Irvine , California 92697-2025 , United States
| | - Filipp Furche
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Irvine , 1102 Natural Sciences II , Irvine , California 92697-2025 , United States
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44
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Nielsen LG, Sørensen TJ. Including and Declaring Structural Fluctuations in the Study of Lanthanide(III) Coordination Chemistry in Solution. Inorg Chem 2019; 59:94-105. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lea Gundorff Nielsen
- Nano-Science Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Thomas Just Sørensen
- Nano-Science Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
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45
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Edelmann FT, Farnaby JH, Jaroschik F, Wilson B. Lanthanides and actinides: Annual survey of their organometallic chemistry covering the year 2018. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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46
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Myers AJ, Tarlton ML, Kelley SP, Lukens WW, Walensky JR. Synthesis and Utility of Neptunium(III) Hydrocarbyl Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201906324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J. Myers
- Department of Chemistry University of Missouri, Columbia 601 S. College Avenue Columbia MO 65211 USA
| | - Michael L. Tarlton
- Department of Chemistry University of Missouri, Columbia 601 S. College Avenue Columbia MO 65211 USA
| | - Steven P. Kelley
- Department of Chemistry University of Missouri, Columbia 601 S. College Avenue Columbia MO 65211 USA
| | - Wayne W. Lukens
- Chemical Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Justin R. Walensky
- Department of Chemistry University of Missouri, Columbia 601 S. College Avenue Columbia MO 65211 USA
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47
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Myers AJ, Tarlton ML, Kelley SP, Lukens WW, Walensky JR. Synthesis and Utility of Neptunium(III) Hydrocarbyl Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:14891-14895. [PMID: 31412157 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201906324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
To extend organoactinide chemistry beyond uranium, reported here is the first structurally characterized transuranic hydrocarbyl complex, Np[η4 -Me2 NC(H)C6 H5 ]3 (1), from reaction of NpCl4 (DME)2 with four equivalents of K[Me2 NC(H)C6 H5 ]. Unlike the UIII species, the neptunium analogue can be used to access other NpIII complexes. The reaction of 1 with three equivalents of HE2 C(2,6-Mes2 -C6 H3 ) (E=O, S) yields [(2,6-Mes2 -C6 H3 )CE2 ]3 Np(THF)2 , maintaining the trivalent oxidation state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Myers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, 601 S. College Avenue, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Michael L Tarlton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, 601 S. College Avenue, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Steven P Kelley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, 601 S. College Avenue, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Wayne W Lukens
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Justin R Walensky
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, 601 S. College Avenue, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
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48
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Goodwin CAP, Su J, Albrecht-Schmitt TE, Blake AV, Batista ER, Daly SR, Dehnen S, Evans WJ, Gaunt AJ, Kozimor SA, Lichtenberger N, Scott BL, Yang P. [Am(C 5 Me 4 H) 3 ]: An Organometallic Americium Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:11695-11699. [PMID: 31190446 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201905225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We report the small-scale synthesis, isolated yield, single-crystal X-ray structure, 1 H NMR solution spectroscopy /solid-state UV/Vis-nIR spectroscopy, and density functional theory (DFT)/ab initio wave function theory calculations on an Am3+ organometallic complex, [Am(C5 Me4 H)3 ] (1). This constitutes the first quantitative data on Am-C bonding in a molecular species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conrad A P Goodwin
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Jing Su
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Thomas E Albrecht-Schmitt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftain Way, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Anastasia V Blake
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, E311 Chemistry Building, Iowa City, IA, 52245-1294, USA
| | - Enrique R Batista
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Scott R Daly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, E311 Chemistry Building, Iowa City, IA, 52245-1294, USA
| | - Stefanie Dehnen
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - William J Evans
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine 1102 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, CA, 92697-2025, USA
| | - Andrew J Gaunt
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Stosh A Kozimor
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Niels Lichtenberger
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA.,Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Brian L Scott
- Materials Physics and Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Ping Yang
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
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49
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Goodwin CAP, Su J, Albrecht‐Schmitt TE, Blake AV, Batista ER, Daly SR, Dehnen S, Evans WJ, Gaunt AJ, Kozimor SA, Lichtenberger N, Scott BL, Yang P. [Am(C
5
Me
4
H)
3
]: An Organometallic Americium Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201905225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jing Su
- Theoretical Division Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos NM 87545 USA
| | - Thomas E. Albrecht‐Schmitt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida State University 95 Chieftain Way Tallahassee FL 32306 USA
| | - Anastasia V. Blake
- Chemistry Division Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos NM 87545 USA
- Department of Chemistry University of Iowa, E311 Chemistry Building Iowa City IA 52245-1294 USA
| | - Enrique R. Batista
- Theoretical Division Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos NM 87545 USA
| | - Scott R. Daly
- Department of Chemistry University of Iowa, E311 Chemistry Building Iowa City IA 52245-1294 USA
| | - Stefanie Dehnen
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - William J. Evans
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Irvine 1102 Natural Sciences II Irvine CA 92697-2025 USA
| | - Andrew J. Gaunt
- Chemistry Division Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos NM 87545 USA
| | - Stosh A. Kozimor
- Chemistry Division Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos NM 87545 USA
| | - Niels Lichtenberger
- Chemistry Division Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos NM 87545 USA
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Brian L. Scott
- Materials Physics and Applications Division Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos NM 87545 USA
| | - Ping Yang
- Theoretical Division Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos NM 87545 USA
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50
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Gilson SE, Li P, Szymanowski JES, White J, Ray D, Gagliardi L, Farha OK, Burns PC. In Situ Formation of Unprecedented Neptunium-Oxide Wheel Clusters Stabilized in a Metal–Organic Framework. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:11842-11846. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b06187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara E. Gilson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Jennifer E. S. Szymanowski
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering & Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Jacob White
- Department of Chemistry, Supercomputing Institute, and Chemical Theory Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Debmalya Ray
- Department of Chemistry, Supercomputing Institute, and Chemical Theory Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Laura Gagliardi
- Department of Chemistry, Supercomputing Institute, and Chemical Theory Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Omar K. Farha
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Peter C. Burns
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering & Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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