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Saftics A, Abuelreich S, Romano E, Ghaeli I, Jiang N, Spanos M, Lennon KM, Singh G, Das S, Van Keuren‐Jensen K, Jovanovic‐Talisman T. Single Extracellular VEsicle Nanoscopy. J Extracell Vesicles 2023; 12:e12346. [PMID: 37422692 PMCID: PMC10329735 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their cargo constitute novel biomarkers. EV subpopulations have been defined not only by abundant tetraspanins (e.g., CD9, CD63 and CD81) but also by specific markers derived from their source cells. However, it remains a challenge to robustly isolate and characterize EV subpopulations. Here, we combined affinity isolation with super-resolution imaging to comprehensively assess EV subpopulations from human plasma. Our Single Extracellular VEsicle Nanoscopy (SEVEN) assay successfully quantified the number of affinity-isolated EVs, their size, shape, molecular tetraspanin content, and heterogeneity. The number of detected tetraspanin-enriched EVs positively correlated with sample dilution in a 64-fold range (for SEC-enriched plasma) and a 50-fold range (for crude plasma). Importantly, SEVEN robustly detected EVs from as little as ∼0.1 μL of crude plasma. We further characterized the size, shape and molecular tetraspanin content (with corresponding heterogeneities) for CD9-, CD63- and CD81-enriched EV subpopulations. Finally, we assessed EVs from the plasma of four pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients with resectable disease. Compared to healthy plasma, CD9-enriched EVs from patients were smaller while IGF1R-enriched EVs from patients were larger, rounder and contained more tetraspanin molecules, suggestive of a unique pancreatic cancer-enriched EV subpopulation. This study provides the method validation and demonstrates that SEVEN could be advanced into a platform for characterizing both disease-associated and organ-associated EV subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andras Saftics
- Department of Cancer Biology and Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research InstituteCity of Hope Comprehensive Cancer CenterDuarteCaliforniaUSA
| | - Sarah Abuelreich
- Department of Cancer Biology and Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research InstituteCity of Hope Comprehensive Cancer CenterDuarteCaliforniaUSA
| | - Eugenia Romano
- Department of Cancer Biology and Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research InstituteCity of Hope Comprehensive Cancer CenterDuarteCaliforniaUSA
| | - Ima Ghaeli
- Department of Cancer Biology and Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research InstituteCity of Hope Comprehensive Cancer CenterDuarteCaliforniaUSA
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Cancer Biology and Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research InstituteCity of Hope Comprehensive Cancer CenterDuarteCaliforniaUSA
| | - Michail Spanos
- Cardiology Division and Corrigan Minehan Heart CenterMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Kathleen M. Lennon
- Department of Cancer Biology and Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research InstituteCity of Hope Comprehensive Cancer CenterDuarteCaliforniaUSA
| | - Gagandeep Singh
- Department of SurgeryCity of Hope Comprehensive Cancer CenterDuarteCaliforniaUSA
| | - Saumya Das
- Cardiology Division and Corrigan Minehan Heart CenterMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | | | - Tijana Jovanovic‐Talisman
- Department of Cancer Biology and Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research InstituteCity of Hope Comprehensive Cancer CenterDuarteCaliforniaUSA
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2
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Wakefield DL, Golfetto O, Jorand R, Biswas S, Meyer K, Avery KN, Zer C, Cacao EE, Tobin SJ, Talisman IJ, Williams JC, Jovanovic-Talisman T. Using quantitative single molecule localization microscopy to optimize multivalent HER2-targeting ligands. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1064242. [PMID: 37138747 PMCID: PMC10149953 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1064242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The progression-free survival of patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer is significantly extended by a combination of two monoclonal antibodies, trastuzumab and pertuzumab, which target independent epitopes of the extracellular domain of HER2. The improved efficacy of the combination over individual antibody therapies targeting HER2 is still being investigated, and several molecular mechanisms may be in play: the combination downregulates HER2, improves antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity, and/or affects the organization of surface-expressed antigens, which may attenuate downstream signaling. Methods By combining protein engineering and quantitative single molecule localization microscopy (qSMLM), here we both assessed and optimized clustering of HER2 in cultured breast cancer cells. Results We detected marked changes to the cellular membrane organization of HER2 when cells were treated with therapeutic antibodies. When we compared untreated samples to four treatment scenarios, we observed the following HER2 membrane features: (1) the monovalent Fab domain of trastuzumab did not significantly affect HER2 clustering; (2) individual therapy with either trastuzumab or (3) pertuzumab produced significantly higher levels of HER2 clustering; (4) a combination of trastuzumab plus pertuzumab produced the highest level of HER2 clustering. To further enhance this last effect, we created multivalent ligands using meditope technology. Treatment with a tetravalent meditope ligand combined with meditope-enabled trastuzumab resulted in pronounced HER2 clustering. Moreover, compared to pertuzumab plus trastuzumab, at early time points this meditope-based combination was more effective at inhibiting epidermal growth factor (EGF) dependent activation of several downstream protein kinases. Discussion Collectively, mAbs and multivalent ligands can efficiently alter the organization and activation of the HER2 receptors. We expect this approach could be used in the future to develop new therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - John C. Williams
- Department of Cancer Biology and Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Tijana Jovanovic-Talisman
- Department of Cancer Biology and Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, United States
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3
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Milstein JN, Nino DF, Zhou X, Gradinaru CC. Single-molecule counting applied to the study of GPCR oligomerization. Biophys J 2022; 121:3175-3187. [PMID: 35927960 PMCID: PMC9463696 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-molecule counting techniques enable a precise determination of the intracellular abundance and stoichiometry of proteins and macromolecular complexes. These details are often challenging to quantitatively assess yet are essential for our understanding of cellular function. Consider G-protein-coupled receptors-an expansive class of transmembrane signaling proteins that participate in many vital physiological functions making them a popular target for drug development. While early evidence for the role of oligomerization in receptor signaling came from ensemble biochemical and biophysical assays, innovations in single-molecule measurements are now driving a paradigm shift in our understanding of its relevance. Here, we review recent developments in single-molecule counting with a focus on photobleaching step counting and the emerging technique of quantitative single-molecule localization microscopy-with a particular emphasis on the potential for these techniques to advance our understanding of the role of oligomerization in G-protein-coupled receptor signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua N Milstein
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Daniel F Nino
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xiaohan Zhou
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Claudiu C Gradinaru
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada.
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4
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Lennon KM, Saftics A, Abuelreich S, Sahu P, Lehmann HI, Maddox AL, Bagabas R, Januzzi JL, Van Keuren-Jensen K, Shah R, Das S, Jovanovic-Talisman T. Cardiac troponin T in extracellular vesicles as a novel biomarker in human cardiovascular disease. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e979. [PMID: 35988159 PMCID: PMC9393073 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M Lennon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Andras Saftics
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Sarah Abuelreich
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Parul Sahu
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - H Immo Lehmann
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adam L Maddox
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Reem Bagabas
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - James L Januzzi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kendall Van Keuren-Jensen
- Neurogenomics Division, Center for Noninvasive Diagnostics, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Ravi Shah
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Saumya Das
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tijana Jovanovic-Talisman
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
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5
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Maddox AL, Brehove MS, Eliato KR, Saftics A, Romano E, Press MF, Mortimer J, Jones V, Schmolze D, Seewaldt VL, Jovanovic-Talisman T. Molecular Assessment of HER2 to Identify Signatures Associated with Therapy Response in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112795. [PMID: 35681773 PMCID: PMC9179327 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The HER2 status of breast cancers is accurately determined by measuring HER2 protein overexpression and gene amplification. However, these clinical diagnostic tests cannot predict the response to therapy. Single molecule imaging approaches can quantify molecular features of HER2, such as receptor nano-organization, with exquisite spatial resolution and sensitivity. The aim of our study was to assess how the molecular features of HER2 varied with the therapy response. According to our results in cultured cell lines and six patient specimens, the therapy response was associated with high detected HER2 densities and clustering. This advanced imaging approach can thus provide key data to complement the current diagnostic standards. Abstract Trastuzumab, the prototype HER2-directed therapy, has markedly improved survival for women with HER2-positive breast cancers. However, only 40–60% of women with HER2-positive breast cancers achieve a complete pathological response to chemotherapy combined with HER2-directed therapy. The current diagnostic assays have poor positive-predictive accuracy in identifying therapy-responsive breast cancers. Here, we deployed quantitative single molecule localization microscopy to assess the molecular features of HER2 in a therapy-responsive setting. Using fluorescently labeled trastuzumab as a probe, we first compared the molecular features of HER2 in trastuzumab-sensitive (BT-474 and SK-BR-3) and trastuzumab-resistant (BT-474R and JIMT-1) cultured cell lines. Trastuzumab-sensitive cells had significantly higher detected HER2 densities and clustering. We then evaluated HER2 in pre-treatment core biopsies from women with breast cancer undergoing neoadjuvant therapy. A complete pathological response was associated with a high detected HER2 density and significant HER2 clustering. These results established the nano-organization of HER2 as a potential signature of therapy-responsive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam L. Maddox
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (A.L.M.); (M.S.B.); (K.R.E.); (A.S.); (E.R.)
| | - Matthew S. Brehove
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (A.L.M.); (M.S.B.); (K.R.E.); (A.S.); (E.R.)
| | - Kiarash R. Eliato
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (A.L.M.); (M.S.B.); (K.R.E.); (A.S.); (E.R.)
| | - Andras Saftics
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (A.L.M.); (M.S.B.); (K.R.E.); (A.S.); (E.R.)
| | - Eugenia Romano
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (A.L.M.); (M.S.B.); (K.R.E.); (A.S.); (E.R.)
| | - Michael F. Press
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA;
| | - Joanne Mortimer
- Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA;
| | - Veronica Jones
- Department of Surgery, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA;
| | - Daniel Schmolze
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA;
| | - Victoria L. Seewaldt
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA;
| | - Tijana Jovanovic-Talisman
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (A.L.M.); (M.S.B.); (K.R.E.); (A.S.); (E.R.)
- Correspondence:
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Xie S, Zhang Q, Jiang L. Current Knowledge on Exosome Biogenesis, Cargo-Sorting Mechanism and Therapeutic Implications. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12050498. [PMID: 35629824 PMCID: PMC9144303 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12050498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoscale membrane vesicles released by donor cells that can be taken up by recipient cells. The study of EVs has the potential to identify unknown cellular and molecular mechanisms in intercellular communication and disease. Exosomes, with an average diameter of ≈100 nanometers, are a subset of EVs. Different molecular families have been shown to be involved in the formation of exosomes and subsequent secretion of exosomes, which largely leads to the complexity of the form, structure and function of exosomes. In addition, because of their low immunogenicity and ability to transfer a variety of bioactive components to recipient cells, exosomes are regarded as effective drug delivery systems. This review summarizes the known mechanisms of exosomes biogenesis, cargo loading, exosomes release and bioengineering, which is of great importance for further exploration into the clinical applications of EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenmin Xie
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding & Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (S.X.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Qin Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding & Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (S.X.); (Q.Z.)
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Li Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding & Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (S.X.); (Q.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-6273-2634; Fax: +86-10-6273-2634
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7
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Wakefield DL, Tobin SJ, Schmolze D, Jovanovic-Talisman T. Molecular Imaging of HER2 in Patient Tissues with Touch Prep-Quantitative Single Molecule Localization Microscopy. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2394:231-248. [PMID: 35094332 PMCID: PMC9121336 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1811-0_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Biomolecules can be investigated at the nanoscale with quantitative single molecule localization microscopy (qSMLM). This technique, which achieves single molecule sensitivity, can probe how membrane receptors are organized under both normal and pathological conditions. While a number of receptors have been extensively studied in cultured cells, technical challenges have largely impeded their robust quantification in tissue samples. To rigorously interrogate tissue samples, methodological advancements are needed in three areas: analytical preparation of the sample, proper characterization of fluorescent reporters, and rapid/unbiased data analysis. Towards these ends, we have combined qSMLM with a touch preparation technique (touch prep-qSMLM). In this new method, touch prep is first used to obtain monolayers of patient cells. Then, highly selective, fluorescently labeled probes are used to detect the receptors of interest on the plasma membranes of cells. Finally, quantitative algorithms are used to analyze the imaging data. Using this touch prep-qSMLM methodology, we interrogated the density and nano-organization of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in fresh breast cancer tissues. Touch prep-qSMLM agreed well with current clinical methods. Importantly, touch prep-qSMLM can be easily extended to other pathological conditions and ultimately used in precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin L Wakefield
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
- Amgen, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Steven J Tobin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Schmolze
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Tijana Jovanovic-Talisman
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA.
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Stein J, Stehr F, Jungmann R, Schwille P. Calibration-free counting of low molecular copy numbers in single DNA-PAINT localization clusters. BIOPHYSICAL REPORTS 2021; 1:100032. [PMID: 36425461 PMCID: PMC9680712 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpr.2021.100032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) has revolutionized light microscopy by enabling optical resolution down to a few nanometer. Yet, localization precision commonly does not suffice to visually resolve single subunits in molecular assemblies or multimeric complexes. Because each targeted molecule contributes localizations during image acquisition, molecular counting approaches to reveal the target copy numbers within localization clusters have been persistently proposed since the early days of SMLM, most of which rely on preliminary knowledge of the dye photophysics or on a calibration to a reference. Previously, we developed localization-based fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (lbFCS) as an absolute ensemble counting approach for the SMLM-variant DNA-PAINT (points accumulation for imaging in nanoscale topography), for the first time, to our knowledge, circumventing the necessity for reference calibrations. Here, we present an extended concept termed lbFCS+, which allows absolute counting of copy numbers for individual localization clusters in a single DNA-PAINT image. In lbFCS+, absolute counting of fluorescent loci contained in individual nanoscopic volumes is achieved via precise measurement of the local hybridization rates of the fluorescently labeled oligonucleotides ("imagers") employed in DNA-PAINT imaging. In proof-of-principle experiments on DNA origami nanostructures, we demonstrate the ability of lbFCS+ to truthfully determine molecular copy numbers and imager association and dissociation rates in well-separated localization clusters containing up to 10 docking strands. For N ≤ 4 target molecules, lbFCS+ is even able to resolve integers, providing the potential to study the composition of up to tetrameric molecular complexes. Furthermore, we show that lbFCS+ allows resolving heterogeneous binding dynamics, enabling the distinction of stochastically generated and a priori indistinguishable DNA assemblies. Beyond advancing quantitative DNA-PAINT imaging, we believe that lbFCS+ could find promising applications ranging from biosensing to DNA computing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Stein
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Florian Stehr
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Ralf Jungmann
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
- Faculty of Physics, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Petra Schwille
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
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Lennon KM, Soheilypour M, Peyro M, Wakefield DL, Choo GE, Mofrad MRK, Jovanovic-Talisman T. Characterizing Binding Interactions That Are Essential for Selective Transport through the Nuclear Pore Complex. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10898. [PMID: 34639238 PMCID: PMC8509584 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Specific macromolecules are rapidly transported across the nuclear envelope via the nuclear pore complex (NPC). The selective transport process is facilitated when nuclear transport receptors (NTRs) weakly and transiently bind to intrinsically disordered constituents of the NPC, FG Nups. These two types of proteins help maintain the selective NPC barrier. To interrogate their binding interactions in vitro, we deployed an NPC barrier mimic. We created the stationary phase by covalently attaching fragments of a yeast FG Nup called Nsp1 to glass coverslips. We used a tunable mobile phase containing NTR, nuclear transport factor 2 (NTF2). In the stationary phase, three main factors affected binding: the number of FG repeats, the charge of fragments, and the fragment density. We also identified three main factors affecting binding in the mobile phase: the avidity of the NTF2 variant for Nsp1, the presence of nonspecific proteins, and the presence of additional NTRs. We used both experimentally determined binding parameters and molecular dynamics simulations of Nsp1FG fragments to create an agent-based model. The results suggest that NTF2 binding is negatively cooperative and dependent on the density of Nsp1FG molecules. Our results demonstrate the strengths of combining experimental and physical modeling approaches to study NPC-mediated transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M. Lennon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (K.M.L.); (D.L.W.); (G.E.C.)
| | - Mohammad Soheilypour
- Department of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, Molecular Cell Biomechanics Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; (M.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Mohaddeseh Peyro
- Department of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, Molecular Cell Biomechanics Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; (M.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Devin L. Wakefield
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (K.M.L.); (D.L.W.); (G.E.C.)
| | - Grace E. Choo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (K.M.L.); (D.L.W.); (G.E.C.)
| | - Mohammad R. K. Mofrad
- Department of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, Molecular Cell Biomechanics Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; (M.S.); (M.P.)
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrative Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Tijana Jovanovic-Talisman
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (K.M.L.); (D.L.W.); (G.E.C.)
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10
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Dankovich TM, Rizzoli SO. Challenges facing quantitative large-scale optical super-resolution, and some simple solutions. iScience 2021; 24:102134. [PMID: 33665555 PMCID: PMC7898072 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical super-resolution microscopy (SRM) has enabled biologists to visualize cellular structures with near-molecular resolution, giving unprecedented access to details about the amounts, sizes, and spatial distributions of macromolecules in the cell. Precisely quantifying these molecular details requires large datasets of high-quality, reproducible SRM images. In this review, we discuss the unique set of challenges facing quantitative SRM, giving particular attention to the shortcomings of conventional specimen preparation techniques and the necessity for optimal labeling of molecular targets. We further discuss the obstacles to scaling SRM methods, such as lengthy image acquisition and complex SRM data analysis. For each of these challenges, we review the recent advances in the field that circumvent these pitfalls and provide practical advice to biologists for optimizing SRM experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal M. Dankovich
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Institute for Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, Göttingen 37073, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Neuroscience, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Silvio O. Rizzoli
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Institute for Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, Göttingen 37073, Germany
- Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration (BIN) Center & Multiscale Bioimaging Excellence Center, Göttingen 37075, Germany
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11
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Frankhauser DE, Jovanovic‐Talisman T, Lai L, Yee LD, Wang LV, Mahabal A, Geradts J, Rockne RC, Tomsic J, Jones V, Sistrunk C, Miranda‐Carboni G, Dietze EC, Erhunmwunsee L, Hyslop T, Seewaldt VL. Spatiotemporal strategies to identify aggressive biology in precancerous breast biopsies. WIREs Mech Dis 2021; 13:e1506. [PMID: 33001587 PMCID: PMC8544796 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Over 90% of breast cancer is cured; yet there remain highly aggressive breast cancers that develop rapidly and are extremely difficult to treat, much less prevent. Breast cancers that rapidly develop between breast image screening are called "interval cancers." The efforts of our team focus on identifying multiscale integrated strategies to identify biologically aggressive precancerous breast lesions. Our goal is to identify spatiotemporal changes that occur prior to development of interval breast cancers. To accomplish this requires integration of new technology. Our team has the ability to perform single cell in situ transcriptional profiling, noncontrast biological imaging, mathematical analysis, and nanoscale evaluation of receptor organization and signaling. These technological innovations allow us to start to identify multidimensional spatial and temporal relationships that drive the transition from biologically aggressive precancer to biologically aggressive interval breast cancer. This article is categorized under: Cancer > Computational Models Cancer > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Cancer > Genetics/Genomics/Epigenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E. Frankhauser
- Department of Population SciencesCity of Hope Comprehensive Cancer CenterDuarteCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Lily Lai
- Department of Population SciencesCity of Hope Comprehensive Cancer CenterDuarteCaliforniaUSA
| | - Lisa D. Yee
- Department of Population SciencesCity of Hope Comprehensive Cancer CenterDuarteCaliforniaUSA
| | - Lihong V. Wang
- Department of Medical EngineeringCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadena, CaliforniaUSA
| | - Ashish Mahabal
- Center for Data Driven DiscoveryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadena, CaliforniaUSA
| | - Joseph Geradts
- Department of PathologyDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Russell C. Rockne
- Department of Population SciencesCity of Hope Comprehensive Cancer CenterDuarteCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jerneja Tomsic
- Department of Population SciencesCity of Hope Comprehensive Cancer CenterDuarteCaliforniaUSA
| | - Veronica Jones
- Department of Population SciencesCity of Hope Comprehensive Cancer CenterDuarteCaliforniaUSA
| | - Christopher Sistrunk
- Department of Population SciencesCity of Hope Comprehensive Cancer CenterDuarteCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Eric C. Dietze
- Department of Population SciencesCity of Hope Comprehensive Cancer CenterDuarteCaliforniaUSA
| | - Loretta Erhunmwunsee
- Department of Population SciencesCity of Hope Comprehensive Cancer CenterDuarteCaliforniaUSA
| | - Terry Hyslop
- Department of BiostatisticsDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Victoria L. Seewaldt
- Department of Population SciencesCity of Hope Comprehensive Cancer CenterDuarteCaliforniaUSA
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12
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An Y, Lin S, Tan X, Zhu S, Nie F, Zhen Y, Gu L, Zhang C, Wang B, Wei W, Li D, Wu J. Exosomes from adipose-derived stem cells and application to skin wound healing. Cell Prolif 2021; 54:e12993. [PMID: 33458899 PMCID: PMC7941238 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin wound healing is an intractable problem that represents an urgent clinical need. To solve this problem, a large number of studies have focused on the use of exosomes (EXOs) derived from adipose‐derived stem cells (ADSCs). This review describes the mechanisms whereby ADSCs‐EXOs regulate wound healing and their clinical application. In the wound, ADSCs‐EXOs modulate immune responses and inflammation. They also promote angiogenesis, accelerate proliferation and re‐epithelization of skin cells, and regulate collagen remodelling which inhibits scar hyperplasia. Compared with ADSCs therapeutics, ADSCs‐EXOs have highly stability and are easily stored. Additionally, they are not rejected by the immune system and have a homing effect and their dosage can be easily controlled. ADSCs‐EXOs can improve fat grafting and promote wound healing in patients with diabetes mellitus. They can also act as a carrier and combined scaffold for treatment, leading to scarless cutaneous repair. Overall, ADSCs‐EXOs have the potential to be used in the clinic to promote wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang An
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyan Lin
- Hearing Ctr, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaojie Tan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shiou Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fangfei Nie
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yonghuan Zhen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Luosha Gu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chunlei Zhang
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Baicheng Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Junhao Wu
- Hearing Ctr, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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13
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Platzer R, Rossboth BK, Schneider MC, Sevcsik E, Baumgart F, Stockinger H, Schütz GJ, Huppa JB, Brameshuber M. Unscrambling fluorophore blinking for comprehensive cluster detection via photoactivated localization microscopy. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4993. [PMID: 33020470 PMCID: PMC7536177 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18726-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Determining nanoscale protein distribution via Photoactivated Localization Microscopy (PALM) mandates precise knowledge of the applied fluorophore's blinking properties to counteract overcounting artifacts that distort the resulting biomolecular distributions. Here, we present a readily applicable methodology to determine, optimize and quantitatively account for the blinking behavior of any PALM-compatible fluorophore. Using a custom-designed platform, we reveal complex blinking of two photoswitchable fluorescence proteins (PS-CFP2 and mEOS3.2) and two photoactivatable organic fluorophores (PA Janelia Fluor 549 and Abberior CAGE 635) with blinking cycles on time scales of several seconds. Incorporating such detailed information in our simulation-based analysis package allows for robust evaluation of molecular clustering based on individually recorded single molecule localization maps.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Platzer
- Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Eva Sevcsik
- Institute of Applied Physics, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Hannes Stockinger
- Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Johannes B Huppa
- Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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14
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Abstract
Exosomes are small, single-membrane, secreted organelles of ∼30 to ∼200 nm in diameter that have the same topology as the cell and are enriched in selected proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and glycoconjugates. Exosomes contain an array of membrane-associated, high-order oligomeric protein complexes, display pronounced molecular heterogeneity, and are created by budding at both plasma and endosome membranes. Exosome biogenesis is a mechanism of protein quality control, and once released, exosomes have activities as diverse as remodeling the extracellular matrix and transmitting signals and molecules to other cells. This pathway of intercellular vesicle traffic plays important roles in many aspects of human health and disease, including development, immunity, tissue homeostasis, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, viruses co-opt exosome biogenesis pathways both for assembling infectious particles and for establishing host permissiveness. On the basis of these and other properties, exosomes are being developed as therapeutic agents in multiple disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Michiel Pegtel
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Stephen J Gould
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA;
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15
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Khater IM, Nabi IR, Hamarneh G. A Review of Super-Resolution Single-Molecule Localization Microscopy Cluster Analysis and Quantification Methods. PATTERNS (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 1:100038. [PMID: 33205106 PMCID: PMC7660399 DOI: 10.1016/j.patter.2020.100038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) is a relatively new imaging modality, winning the 2014 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, and considered as one of the key super-resolution techniques. SMLM resolution goes beyond the diffraction limit of light microscopy and achieves resolution on the order of 10-20 nm. SMLM thus enables imaging single molecules and study of the low-level molecular interactions at the subcellular level. In contrast to standard microscopy imaging that produces 2D pixel or 3D voxel grid data, SMLM generates big data of 2D or 3D point clouds with millions of localizations and associated uncertainties. This unprecedented breakthrough in imaging helps researchers employ SMLM in many fields within biology and medicine, such as studying cancerous cells and cell-mediated immunity and accelerating drug discovery. However, SMLM data quantification and interpretation methods have yet to keep pace with the rapid advancement of SMLM imaging. Researchers have been actively exploring new computational methods for SMLM data analysis to extract biosignatures of various biological structures and functions. In this survey, we describe the state-of-the-art clustering methods adopted to analyze and quantify SMLM data and examine the capabilities and shortcomings of the surveyed methods. We classify the methods according to (1) the biological application (i.e., the imaged molecules/structures), (2) the data acquisition (such as imaging modality, dimension, resolution, and number of localizations), and (3) the analysis details (2D versus 3D, field of view versus region of interest, use of machine-learning and multi-scale analysis, biosignature extraction, etc.). We observe that the majority of methods that are based on second-order statistics are sensitive to noise and imaging artifacts, have not been applied to 3D data, do not leverage machine-learning formulations, and are not scalable for big-data analysis. Finally, we summarize state-of-the-art methodology, discuss some key open challenges, and identify future opportunities for better modeling and design of an integrated computational pipeline to address the key challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail M. Khater
- Medical Image Analysis Lab, School of Computing Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Ivan Robert Nabi
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Ghassan Hamarneh
- Medical Image Analysis Lab, School of Computing Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
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16
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Stein J, Stehr F, Schueler P, Blumhardt P, Schueder F, Mücksch J, Jungmann R, Schwille P. Toward Absolute Molecular Numbers in DNA-PAINT. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:8182-8190. [PMID: 31535868 PMCID: PMC6856960 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b03546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) has revolutionized optical microscopy, extending resolution down to the level of individual molecules. However, the actual counting of molecules relies on preliminary knowledge of the blinking behavior of individual targets or on a calibration to a reference. In particular for biological applications, great care has to be taken because a plethora of factors influence the quality and applicability of calibration-dependent approaches to count targets in localization clusters particularly in SMLM data obtained from heterogeneous samples. Here, we present localization-based fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (lbFCS) as the first absolute molecular counting approach for DNA-points accumulation for imaging in nanoscale topography (PAINT) microscopy and, to our knowledge, for SMLM in general. We demonstrate that lbFCS overcomes the limitation of previous DNA-PAINT counting and allows the quantification of target molecules independent of the localization cluster density. In accordance with the promising results of our systematic proof-of-principle study on DNA origami structures as idealized targets, lbFCS could potentially also provide quantitative access to more challenging biological targets featuring heterogeneous cluster sizes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Stein
- Max
Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Florian Stehr
- Max
Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Patrick Schueler
- Max
Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | | | - Florian Schueder
- Max
Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
- Faculty
of Physics, Ludwig Maximilian University, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Jonas Mücksch
- Max
Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Ralf Jungmann
- Max
Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
- Faculty
of Physics, Ludwig Maximilian University, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Petra Schwille
- Max
Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
- E-mail:
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17
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Lennon KM, Wakefield DL, Maddox AL, Brehove MS, Willner AN, Garcia-Mansfield K, Meechoovet B, Reiman R, Hutchins E, Miller MM, Goel A, Pirrotte P, Van Keuren-Jensen K, Jovanovic-Talisman T. Single molecule characterization of individual extracellular vesicles from pancreatic cancer. J Extracell Vesicles 2019; 8:1685634. [PMID: 31741725 PMCID: PMC6844376 DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2019.1685634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofluid-accessible extracellular vesicles (EVs) may represent a new means to improve the sensitivity and specificity of detecting disease. However, current methods to isolate EVs encounter challenges when they are used to select specific populations. Moreover, it has been difficult to comprehensively characterize heterogeneous EV populations at the single vesicle level. Here, we robustly assessed heterogeneous EV populations from cultured cell lines via nanoparticle tracking analysis, proteomics, transcriptomics, transmission electron microscopy, and quantitative single molecule localization microscopy (qSMLM). Using qSMLM, we quantified the size and biomarker content of individual EVs. We applied qSMLM to patient plasma samples and identified a pancreatic cancer-enriched EV population. Our goal is to advance single molecule characterization of EVs for early disease detection. Abbreviations: EV: Extracellular Vesicle; qSMLM: quantitative Single Molecule Localization Microscopy; PDAC: Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma; EGFR: epidermal growth factor receptor 1; CA19-9: carbohydrate antigen 19-9; SEC: size exclusion chromatography; WGA: wheat germ agglutinin; AF647: Alexa Fluor 647; Ab: antibody; HPDEC: Healthy Pancreatic Ductal Epithelial Cell; TEM: Transmission Electron Microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M Lennon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Devin L Wakefield
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Adam L Maddox
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Matthew S Brehove
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Ari N Willner
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Krystine Garcia-Mansfield
- Collaborative Center for Translational Mass Spectrometry, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Bessie Meechoovet
- Neurogenomics Division, Center for Noninvasive Diagnostics, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Rebecca Reiman
- Neurogenomics Division, Center for Noninvasive Diagnostics, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Elizabeth Hutchins
- Neurogenomics Division, Center for Noninvasive Diagnostics, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Marcia M Miller
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Ajay Goel
- Center for Gastrointestinal Research, Center for Translational Genomics and Oncology, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute and Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Patrick Pirrotte
- Collaborative Center for Translational Mass Spectrometry, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Kendall Van Keuren-Jensen
- Neurogenomics Division, Center for Noninvasive Diagnostics, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA.,Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Tijana Jovanovic-Talisman
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
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18
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Dietz MS, Heilemann M. Optical super-resolution microscopy unravels the molecular composition of functional protein complexes. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:17981-17991. [PMID: 31573593 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr06364a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Optical super-resolution microscopy has revolutionized our understanding of cell biology. Next to visualizing cellular structures with near-molecular spatial resolution, an additional benefit is the molecular characterization of biomolecular complexes directly in an intact cell. Single-molecule localization microscopy, as one technology out of the toolbox of super-resolution methods, generates images by detecting the position of single fluorophore labels and is particularly suited for molecular quantification. We review imaging and analysis methods employing single-molecule localization microscopy and extract molecule numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina S Dietz
- Single Molecule Biophysics, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany.
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19
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Tobin SJ, Wakefield DL, Terenius L, Vukojević V, Jovanović-Talisman T. Ethanol and Naltrexone Have Distinct Effects on the Lateral Nano-organization of Mu and Kappa Opioid Receptors in the Plasma Membrane. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:667-676. [PMID: 30418735 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex spatiotemporal organization of proteins and lipids in the plasma membrane is an important determinant of receptor function. Certain substances, such as ethanol, can penetrate into the hydrophobic regions of the plasma membrane. By altering protein-lipid and protein-protein interactions, these substances can modify the dynamic lateral organization and the function of plasma membrane receptors. To assess changes in plasma membrane receptor organization, we used photoactivated localization microscopy (PALM). This single molecule localization microscopy technique was employed to quantitatively characterize the effects of pharmacologically relevant concentrations of ethanol and naltrexone (an opioid receptor antagonist and medication used to treat alcohol use disorders) on the lateral nano-organization of mu and kappa opioid receptors (MOR and KOR, respectively). Ethanol affected the lateral organization of MOR and KOR similarly: It reduced the size and occupancy of opioid receptor nanodomains and increased the fraction of opioid receptors residing outside of nanodomains. In contrast, naltrexone affected MOR and KOR lateral organization differently. It significantly increased KOR surface density, nanodomain size, and the occupancy of KOR nanodomains. However, naltrexone marginally affected these parameters for MOR. Pretreatment with naltrexone largely protected against ethanol-induced changes in MOR and KOR lateral organization. Based on these data, we propose a putative mechanism of naltrexone action that operates in addition to its canonical antagonistic effect on MOR- and KOR-mediated signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J. Tobin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California 91010, United States
| | - Devin L. Wakefield
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California 91010, United States
| | - Lars Terenius
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17176, Sweden
| | - Vladana Vukojević
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17176, Sweden
| | - Tijana Jovanović-Talisman
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California 91010, United States
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