1
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Jung H, Choi J, Kim D, Lee JH, Ihee H, Kim D, Chang S. Photoinduced Group Transposition via Iridium-Nitrenoid Leading to Amidative Inner-Sphere Aryl Migration. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202408123. [PMID: 38871650 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202408123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
We herein report a fundamental mechanistic investigation into photochemical metal-nitrenoid generation and inner-sphere transposition reactivity using organometallic photoprecursors. By designing Cp*Ir(hydroxamate)(Ar) complexes, we induced photo-initiated ligand activation, allowing us to explore the amidative σ(Ir-aryl) migration reactivity. A combination of experimental mechanistic studies, femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that the metal-to-ligand charge transfer enables the σ(N-O) cleavage, followed by Ir-acylnitrenoid generation. The final inner-sphere σ(Ir-aryl) group migration results in a net amidative group transposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoimin Jung
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungkweon Choi
- Center for Advanced Reaction Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Daniel Kim
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hoon Lee
- Center for Advanced Reaction Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyotcherl Ihee
- Center for Advanced Reaction Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwook Kim
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukbok Chang
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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2
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Spennacchio M, Bernús M, Stanić J, Mazzarella D, Colella M, Douglas JJ, Boutureira O, Noël T. A unified flow strategy for the preparation and use of trifluoromethyl-heteroatom anions. Science 2024; 385:991-996. [PMID: 39208115 DOI: 10.1126/science.adq2954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The trifluoromethyl group (CF3) is a key functionality in pharmaceutical and agrochemical development, greatly enhancing the efficacy and properties of resulting compounds. However, attaching the CF3 group to heteroatoms such as sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen poses challenges because of the lack of general synthetic methods and reliance on bespoke reagents. Here, we present a modular flow platform that streamlines the synthesis of heteroatom-CF3 motifs. Our method uses readily available organic precursors in combination with cesium fluoride as the primary fluorine source, facilitating the rapid generation of N-trifluoromethyl(R) [NCF3(R)], SCF3 (trifluoromethylthio), and OCF3 (trifluoromethoxy) anions on demand without reliance on perfluoroalkyl precursor reagents. This strategy offers a more environmentally friendly synthesis of trifluoromethyl(heteroatom)-containing molecules, with the potential for scalability in manufacturing processes facilitated by flow technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Spennacchio
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- FLAME-Lab, Flow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro," 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Miguel Bernús
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jelena Stanić
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Daniele Mazzarella
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Colella
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- FLAME-Lab, Flow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro," 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - James J Douglas
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences R&D, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK
| | - Omar Boutureira
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Timothy Noël
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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3
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Das A, Gao S, Lal RG, Hicks MH, Oyala PH, Arnold FH. Reaction Discovery Using Spectroscopic Insights from an Enzymatic C-H Amination Intermediate. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 39037870 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c05761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Engineered hemoproteins can selectively incorporate nitrogen from nitrene precursors like hydroxylamine, O-substituted hydroxylamines, and organic azides into organic molecules. Although iron-nitrenoids are often invoked as the reactive intermediates in these reactions, their innate reactivity and transient nature have made their characterization challenging. Here we characterize an iron-nitrosyl intermediate generated from NH2OH within a protoglobin active site that can undergo nitrogen-group transfer catalysis, using UV-vis, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS) techniques. The mechanistic insights gained led to the discovery of aminating reagents─nitrite (NO2-), nitric oxide (NO), and nitroxyl (HNO)─that are new to both nature and synthetic chemistry. Based on the findings, we propose a catalytic cycle for C-H amination inspired by the nitrite reductase pathway. This study highlights the potential of engineered hemoproteins to access natural nitrogen sources for sustainable chemical synthesis and offers a new perspective on the use of biological nitrogen cycle intermediates in biocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuvab Das
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Shilong Gao
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Ravi G Lal
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Madeline H Hicks
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Paul H Oyala
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Frances H Arnold
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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4
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Paikar A, Van Trieste GP, Das A, Wang CW, Sill TE, Bhuvanesh N, Powers DC. Development of Nonclassical Photoprecursors for Rh 2 Nitrenes. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:12557-12564. [PMID: 37499228 PMCID: PMC10862545 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Characterization of reactive intermediates in C-H functionalization is challenging due to the fleeting lifetimes of these species. Synthetic photochemistry provides a strategy to generate post-turnover-limiting-step intermediates in catalysis under cryogenic conditions that enable characterization. We have a long-standing interest in the structure and reactivity of Rh2 nitrene intermediates, which are implicated as transient intermediates in Rh2-catalyzed C-H amination. Previously, we demonstrated that Rh2 complexes bearing organic azide ligands can serve as solid-state and in crystallo photoprecursors in the synthesis of transient Rh2 nitrenoids. Complementary solution-phase experiments have not been available due to the weak binding of most organic azides to Rh2 complexes. Furthermore, the volatility of the N2 that is evolved during in crystallo nitrene synthesis from these precursors has prevented the in crystallo observation of C-H functionalization from lattice-confined nitrenes. Motivated by these challenges, here we describe the synthesis and photochemistry of nonclassical nitrene precursors based on sulfilimine ligands. Sulfilimines bind to Rh2 carboxylate complexes more tightly than the corresponding azides, which has enabled the full solid-state and solution-phase characterization of these new complexes. The higher binding affinity of sulfilimine ligands as compared with organic azides has enabled both solution-phase and solid-state nitrene photochemistry. Cryogenic photochemical studies of Rh2 sulfilimine complexes confined within polystyrene thin films demonstrate that sulfilimine photochemistry can be accomplished at low temperature but that C-H amination is rapid at temperatures compatible with N═S photoactivation. The potential of these structures to serve as platforms for multistep in crystallo cascades is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpan Paikar
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Gerard P. Van Trieste
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Anuvab Das
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Chih-Wei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Tiffany E. Sill
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Nattamai Bhuvanesh
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - David C. Powers
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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5
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Jung H, Kweon J, Suh JM, Lim MH, Kim D, Chang S. Mechanistic snapshots of rhodium-catalyzed acylnitrene transfer reactions. Science 2023:eadh8753. [PMID: 37471480 DOI: 10.1126/science.adh8753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Rhodium acylnitrene complexes are widely implicated in catalytic C-H amidation reactions but have eluded isolation and structural characterization. To overcome this challenge, we designed a chromophoric octahedral rhodium complex with a bidentate dioxazolone ligand, in which photoinduced metal-to-ligand charge transfer initiates catalytic C-H amidation. X-ray photocrystallographic analysis of the Rh-dioxazolone complex allowed structural elucidation of the targeted Rh-acylnitrenoid and provided firm evidence that the singlet nitrenoid species is primarily responsible for acylamino transfer reactions. We also monitored in crystallo reaction of a nucleophile with the in situ generated Rh-acylnitrenoid, providing a crystallographically traceable reaction system to capture mechanistic snapshots of nitrenoid transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoimin Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Jeonguk Kweon
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Jong-Min Suh
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Mi Hee Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Dongwook Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Sukbok Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
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6
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Liu X, Yang Q, Wang Q, Wang Y. Rhodium(II)-Catalyzed Desaturative [3+2] Tandem Cyclization of Arylcycloalkanes with β-Dicarbonyls. Org Lett 2023; 25:2498-2503. [PMID: 37001031 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Synthetically important scaffolds, fused tricyclic frameworks containing a 2,3-cyclo[b]dihydrofuran unit, play a crucial role in drug discovery. In this study, we demonstrate that rhodium(II)/N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide can catalyze the in situ generation of highly reactive alkene intermediates from commonly accessible alkanes, which undergo intermolecular [3+2] tandem cyclization with the simultaneously generated β-dicarbonyl radical to synthesize a series of fused tricyclic frameworks containing a 2,3-cyclo[b]dihydrofuran unit with a quaternary carbon center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Liu
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qi Yang
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiwei Wang
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Chemistry, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Yuanhua Wang
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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7
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Wang Z, Yang B, Yang Q, Wang Y. C(sp 3)–H 1,3-diamination of cumene derivatives catalyzed by a dirhodium( ii) catalyst. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00461e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Using the single-electron oxidation cycle of a dirhodium catalyst, amination can form two primary C–N bonds in a one-step process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifan Wang
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Beiqi Yang
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Qi Yang
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yuanhua Wang
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China
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8
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Van Trieste GP, Reid KA, Hicks MH, Das A, Figgins MT, Bhuvanesh N, Ozarowski A, Telser J, Powers DC. Nitrene Photochemistry of Manganese
N
‐Haloamides**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202108304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kaleb A. Reid
- Department of Chemistry Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA
| | - Madeline H. Hicks
- Department of Chemistry Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA
| | - Anuvab Das
- Department of Chemistry Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA
| | - Matthew T. Figgins
- Department of Chemistry Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA
| | - Nattamai Bhuvanesh
- Department of Chemistry Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA
| | - Andrew Ozarowski
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory Florida State University Tallahassee FL 32310 USA
| | - Joshua Telser
- Department of Biological, Physical and Chemical Sciences Roosevelt University Chicago IL 60605 USA
| | - David C. Powers
- Department of Chemistry Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA
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9
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Van Trieste GP, Reid KA, Hicks MH, Das A, Figgins MT, Bhuvanesh N, Ozarowski A, Telser J, Powers DC. Nitrene Photochemistry of Manganese N-Haloamides*. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:26647-26655. [PMID: 34662473 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202108304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Manganese complexes supported by macrocyclic tetrapyrrole ligands represent an important platform for nitrene transfer catalysis and have been applied to both C-H amination and olefin aziridination catalysis. The reactivity of the transient high-valent Mn nitrenoids that mediate these processes renders characterization of these species challenging. Here we report the synthesis and nitrene transfer photochemistry of a family of MnIII N-haloamide complexes. The S=2 N-haloamide complexes are characterized by 1 H NMR, UV-vis, IR, high-frequency and -field EPR (HFEPR) spectroscopies, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Photolysis of these complexes results in the formal transfer of a nitrene equivalent to both C-H bonds, such as the α-C-H bonds of tetrahydrofuran, and olefinic substrates, such as styrene, to afford aminated and aziridinated products, respectively. Low-temperature spectroscopy and analysis of kinetic isotope effects for C-H amination indicate halogen-dependent photoreactivity: Photolysis of N-chloroamides proceeds via initial cleavage of the Mn-N bond to generate MnII and amidyl radical intermediates; in contrast, photolysis of N-iodoamides proceeds via N-I cleavage to generate a MnIV nitrenoid (i.e., {MnNR}7 species). These results establish N-haloamide ligands as viable precursors in the photosynthesis of metal nitrenes and highlight the power of ligand design to provide access to reactive intermediates in group-transfer catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kaleb A Reid
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Madeline H Hicks
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Anuvab Das
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Matthew T Figgins
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Nattamai Bhuvanesh
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Andrew Ozarowski
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA
| | - Joshua Telser
- Department of Biological, Physical and Chemical Sciences, Roosevelt University, Chicago, IL, 60605, USA
| | - David C Powers
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
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10
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Grünwald A, Anjana SS, Munz D. Terminal Imido Complexes of the Groups 9–11: Electronic Structure and Developments in the Last Decade. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Annette Grünwald
- Inorganic Chemistry: Coordination Chemistry Saarland University Campus Geb. C4.1 66123 Saarbücken Germany
- Inorganic and General Chemistry Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstr. 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - S. S. Anjana
- Inorganic Chemistry: Coordination Chemistry Saarland University Campus Geb. C4.1 66123 Saarbücken Germany
| | - Dominik Munz
- Inorganic Chemistry: Coordination Chemistry Saarland University Campus Geb. C4.1 66123 Saarbücken Germany
- Inorganic and General Chemistry Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstr. 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
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11
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Wang C, Rui X, Si D, Dai R, Zhu Y, Wen H, Li W, Liu J. Copper‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Cascade Reaction of Benzaldehyde with Benzylamine and Hydroxylamine or Aniline: Synthesis of 1,2,4‐Oxadiazoles and Quinazolines. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202001535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- School of Pharmacy Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiyan Rui
- School of Pharmacy Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023 People's Republic of China
| | - Dongjuan Si
- School of Pharmacy Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023 People's Republic of China
| | - Rupeng Dai
- School of Pharmacy Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023 People's Republic of China
| | - Yueyue Zhu
- School of Pharmacy Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023 People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Wen
- School of Pharmacy Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023 People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Pharmacy Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023 People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Liu
- School of Pharmacy Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023 People's Republic of China
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12
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Wang YC, Lai XJ, Huang K, Yadav S, Qiu G, Zhang L, Zhou H. Unravelling nitrene chemistry from acyclic precursors: recent advances and challenges. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo01360a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in nitrene chemistry from acyclic precursors are reviewed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chao Wang
- College of Biological
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering
- Jiaxing University
- Jiaxing 314001
- China
| | - Xiao-Jing Lai
- College of Biological
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering
- Jiaxing University
- Jiaxing 314001
- China
| | - Keke Huang
- College of Biological
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering
- Jiaxing University
- Jiaxing 314001
- China
| | - Sarita Yadav
- College of Biological
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering
- Jiaxing University
- Jiaxing 314001
- China
| | - Guanyinsheng Qiu
- College of Biological
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering
- Jiaxing University
- Jiaxing 314001
- China
| | - Lianpeng Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Southwest Forestry University
- Kunming 650224
- China
| | - Hongwei Zhou
- College of Biological
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering
- Jiaxing University
- Jiaxing 314001
- China
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13
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Yu Y, Luo G, Yang J, Luo Y. Theoretical Mechanistic Studies of
Rh‐Catalyzed
C(sp
3
)—H Amination: A Comparison with Co Analogue and Metal Effects. CHINESE J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology Dalian Liaoning 116024 China
| | - Gen Luo
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei Anhui 230601 China
| | - Jimin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology Dalian Liaoning 116024 China
| | - Yi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology Dalian Liaoning 116024 China
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14
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Li Q, Huang J, Chen G, Wang SB. Copper-catalyzed ortho-C(sp 2)-H amination of benzamides and picolinamides with alkylamines using oxygen as a green oxidant. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:4802-4814. [PMID: 32538423 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00784f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A versatile Cu-catalyzed direct ortho-C(sp2)-H amination of benzamides and picolinamides with alkylamines has been achieved. This method employs cheap and eco-friendly copper as a catalyst and oxygen as an oxidant, and also has the advantages of straightforward steps and excellent functional group compatibility. Further application of our approach was demonstrated by the synthesis of TCMDC-125116, SPHINX, and SRPIN340.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Li
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Jie Huang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Gong Chen
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Shui-Bo Wang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
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15
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Martínez-Castro E, Suárez-Pantiga S, Mendoza A. Scalable Synthesis of Esp and Rhodium(II) Carboxylates from Acetylacetone and RhCl 3· xH 2O. Org Process Res Dev 2020; 24:1207-1212. [PMID: 32587455 PMCID: PMC7309316 DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.0c00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Rhodium(II)
carboxylates are privileged catalysts for the most
challenging carbene-, nitrene-, and oxo-transfer reactions. In this
work, we address the strategic challenges of current organic and inorganic
synthesis methods to access these rhodium(II) complexes through an
oxidative rearrangement strategy and a reductive ligation reaction.
These studies illustrate the multiple benefits of oxidative rearrangement
in the process-scale synthesis of congested carboxylates over nitrile
anion alkylation reactions, and the impressive effect of inorganic
additives in the reductive ligation of rhodium(III) salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Martínez-Castro
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Samuel Suárez-Pantiga
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Abraham Mendoza
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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16
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Baek Y, Das A, Zheng SL, Reibenspies JH, Powers DC, Betley TA. C-H Amination Mediated by Cobalt Organoazide Adducts and the Corresponding Cobalt Nitrenoid Intermediates. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:11232-11243. [PMID: 32456423 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c04252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of (ArL)CoBr (ArL = 5-mesityl-1,9-(2,4,6-Ph3C6H2)dipyrrin) with a stoichiometric amount of 1-azido-4-(tert-butyl)benzene N3(C6H4-p-tBu) furnished the corresponding four-coordinate organoazide-bound complex (ArL)CoBr(N3(C6H4-p-tBu)). Spectroscopic and structural characterization of the complex indicated redox innocent ligation of the organoazide. Slow expulsion of dinitrogen (N2) was observed at room temperature to afford a ligand functionalized product via a [3 + 2] annulation, which can be mediated by a high-valent nitrene intermediate such as a CoIII iminyl (ArL)CoBr(•N(C6H4-p-tBu)) or CoIV imido (ArL)CoBr(N(C6H4-p-tBu)) complex. The presence of the proposed intermediate and its viability as a nitrene group transfer reagent are supported by intermolecular C-H amination and aziridination reactivities. Unlike (ArL)CoBr(N3(C6H4-p-tBu)), a series of alkyl azide-bound CoII analogues expel N2 only above 60 °C, affording paramagnetic intermediates that convert to the corresponding Co-imine complexes via α-H-atom abstraction. The corresponding N2-released structures were observed via single-crystal-to-crystal transformation, suggesting formation of a Co-nitrenoid intermediate in solid-state. Alternatively, the alkyl azide-bound congeners supported by a more sterically accessible dipyrrinato scaffold tBuL (tBuL = 5-mesityl-(1,9-di-tert-butyl)dipyrrin) facilitate intramolecular 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition as well as C-H amination to furnish 1,2,3-dihydrotriazole and substituted pyrrolidine products, respectively. For the C-H amination, we observe that the temperature required for azide activation varies depending on the presence of weak C-H bonds, suggesting that the alkyl azide adducts serve as viable species for C-H amination when the C-H bonds are (1) proximal to the azide moiety and (2) sufficiently weak to be activated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjung Baek
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Anuvab Das
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Shao-Liang Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Joseph H Reibenspies
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - David C Powers
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Theodore A Betley
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuvab Das
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | | | - David C. Powers
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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18
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Yu Y, Luo G, Yang J, Luo Y. Theoretical studies on the N–X (X = Cl, O) bond activation mechanism in catalytic C–H amination. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cy02555c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A favorable SN2-type N–Cl bond cleavage mechanism are proposed for Rh-catalysed C–H amination, which also works for N–O bond cleavage in Rh, Ru, and Pd analogous systems. These results could provide new understanding of C–H amination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- China
| | - Gen Luo
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology
- Anhui University
- Hefei 230601
- China
| | - Jimin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- China
| | - Yi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- China
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19
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Das A, Chen YS, Reibenspies JH, Powers DC. Characterization of a Reactive Rh2 Nitrenoid by Crystalline Matrix Isolation. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:16232-16236. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b09064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anuvab Das
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Yu-Sheng Chen
- ChemMatCARS, University of Chicago c/o APS/ANL, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Joseph H. Reibenspies
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - David C. Powers
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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20
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Hernández‐Guerra D, Hlavačková A, Pramthaisong C, Vespoli I, Pohl R, Slanina T, Jahn U. Photochemical C−H Amination of Ethers and Geminal Difunctionalization Reactions in One Pot. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:12440-12445. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201905209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hernández‐Guerra
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo námĕstí 2 16610 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Anna Hlavačková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo námĕstí 2 16610 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Chiranan Pramthaisong
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo námĕstí 2 16610 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Ilaria Vespoli
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo námĕstí 2 16610 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Radek Pohl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo námĕstí 2 16610 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Slanina
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo námĕstí 2 16610 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Ullrich Jahn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo námĕstí 2 16610 Prague 6 Czech Republic
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21
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Hernández‐Guerra D, Hlavačková A, Pramthaisong C, Vespoli I, Pohl R, Slanina T, Jahn U. Photochemical C−H Amination of Ethers and Geminal Difunctionalization Reactions in One Pot. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201905209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hernández‐Guerra
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo námĕstí 2 16610 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Anna Hlavačková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo námĕstí 2 16610 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Chiranan Pramthaisong
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo námĕstí 2 16610 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Ilaria Vespoli
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo námĕstí 2 16610 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Radek Pohl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo námĕstí 2 16610 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Slanina
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo námĕstí 2 16610 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Ullrich Jahn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo námĕstí 2 16610 Prague 6 Czech Republic
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22
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Chen SM, Xiong J, Zhang YQ, Ma F, Sun HL, Wang BW, Gao S. Dysprosium complexes bearing unsupported Dy III-Ge II/Sn II metal-metal bonds as single-ion magnets. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:8250-8253. [PMID: 31243407 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc00388f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Two dysprosium complexes bearing unsupported Dy-Ge/Sn metal-metal bonds are reported here, wherein the Dy-Ge and Dy-Sn bonds both contain relatively large covalency. The complexes exhibit slow relaxation of magnetization at zero field with energy barriers of 485 and 620 K, respectively, and the blocking temperature of 6 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Ming Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking Ufniversity, Beijing 100871, P. R. China.
| | - Jin Xiong
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking Ufniversity, Beijing 100871, P. R. China.
| | - Yi-Quan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for NSLSCS, School of Physical Science and Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Fang Ma
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Hao-Ling Sun
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Bing-Wu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking Ufniversity, Beijing 100871, P. R. China.
| | - Song Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking Ufniversity, Beijing 100871, P. R. China.
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23
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Yu JS, Espinosa M, Noda H, Shibasaki M. Traceless Electrophilic Amination for the Synthesis of Unprotected Cyclic β-Amino Acids. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:10530-10537. [PMID: 31188574 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b05476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Electrophilic aminations involve an umpolung of a nitrogen atom, providing an alternate, distinctive synthetic strategy. The recent advent of various designed O-substituted hydroxylamines has significantly advanced this research field. An underappreciated issue is atom economy of the transformations: The necessary activating group on the oxygen atom is left in coproduced waste. Herein, we describe Rh-catalyzed electrophilic amination of substituted isoxazolidin-5-ones for the synthesis of unprotected, cyclic β-amino acids featuring either benzo-fused or spirocyclic scaffolds. Using the cyclic hydroxylamines allows for retaining both nitrogen and oxygen functionalities in the product. The traceless, redox neutral process proceeds on a gram scale with as little as 0.1 mol % catalyst loading. In contrast to related electrophilic aminations in the literature, a series of mechanistic experiments suggests a unique pathway involving spirocyclization, followed by the skeletal rearrangement. The insights provided herein shed light on a nuanced reactivity of the active species, Rh-nitrenoid generated from the activated hydroxylamine, and extend the knowledge on electrophilic aromatic substitutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Sheng Yu
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Tokyo , 3-14-23 Kamiosaki , Shinagawa-ku , Tokyo 141-0021 , Japan
| | - Miguel Espinosa
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Tokyo , 3-14-23 Kamiosaki , Shinagawa-ku , Tokyo 141-0021 , Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Noda
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Tokyo , 3-14-23 Kamiosaki , Shinagawa-ku , Tokyo 141-0021 , Japan
| | - Masakatsu Shibasaki
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Tokyo , 3-14-23 Kamiosaki , Shinagawa-ku , Tokyo 141-0021 , Japan
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24
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Cui Y, Lu T, Shi Z, Feng J. Dehydroxylated amination accompanied by 1,2-sulfur immigration. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qo01211c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A sulfur neighbouring-group participation N-alkylation method is presented, which enables the simultaneous C–O cleavage, C–S immigration and C–N formation performed in a metal free system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- PR China
| | - Tao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- PR China
| | - Zhihao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- PR China
| | - Jie Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- PR China
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25
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Yu Y, Luo G, Yang J, Luo Y. Cobalt-catalysed unactivated C(sp 3)–H amination: two-state reactivity and multi-reference electronic character. Catal Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cy00239a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A remarkable two-state reactivity scenario and an unusual multi-reference character have been computationally found in Co-catalysed C(sp3)–H amination. In addition, the investigation on the additive, aminating reagent, metal center, and auxiliary ligand provides implications for development of new catalytic C–H functionalization systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- China
| | - Gen Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- China
| | - Jimin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- China
| | - Yi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- China
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