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Burgmayer SJN, Kirk ML. Advancing Our Understanding of Pyranopterin-Dithiolene Contributions to Moco Enzyme Catalysis. Molecules 2023; 28:7456. [PMID: 38005178 PMCID: PMC10673323 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The pyranopterin dithiolene ligand is remarkable in terms of its geometric and electronic structure and is uniquely found in mononuclear molybdenum and tungsten enzymes. The pyranopterin dithiolene is found coordinated to the metal ion, deeply buried within the protein, and non-covalently attached to the protein via an extensive hydrogen bonding network that is enzyme-specific. However, the function of pyranopterin dithiolene in enzymatic catalysis has been difficult to determine. This focused account aims to provide an overview of what has been learned from the study of pyranopterin dithiolene model complexes of molybdenum and how these results relate to the enzyme systems. This work begins with a summary of what is known about the pyranopterin dithiolene ligand in the enzymes. We then introduce the development of inorganic small molecule complexes that model aspects of a coordinated pyranopterin dithiolene and discuss the results of detailed physical studies of the models by electronic absorption, resonance Raman, X-ray absorption and NMR spectroscopies, cyclic voltammetry, X-ray crystallography, and chemical reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin L. Kirk
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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Burgmayer SJN. Making Moco: A Personal History. Molecules 2023; 28:7296. [PMID: 37959716 PMCID: PMC10649979 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This contribution describes the path of my nearly forty-year quest to understand the special ligand coordinated to molybdenum and tungsten ions in their respective enzymes. Through this quest, I aimed to discover why nature did not simply use a methyl group on the dithiolene that chelates Mo and W but instead chose a complicated pyranopterin. My journey sought answers through the synthesis of model Mo compounds that allowed systematic investigations of the interactions between molybdenum and pterin and molybdenum and pterin-dithiolene and revealed special features of the pyranopterin dithiolene chelate bound to molybdenum.
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Kirk ML, Lepluart J, Yang J. Resonance Raman spectroscopy of pyranopterin molybdenum enzymes. J Inorg Biochem 2022; 235:111907. [PMID: 35932756 PMCID: PMC10575615 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.111907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Resonance Raman spectroscopy (rR) is a powerful spectroscopic probe that is widely used for studying the geometric and electronic structure of metalloproteins. In this focused review, we detail how resonance Raman spectroscopy has contributed to a greater understanding of electronic structure, geometric structure, and the reaction mechanisms of pyranopterin molybdenum enzymes. The review focuses on the enzymes sulfite oxidase (SO), dimethyl sulfoxide reductase (DMSOR), xanthine oxidase (XO), and carbon monoxide dehydrogenase. Specifically, we highlight how Mo-Ooxo, Mo-Ssulfido, Mo-Sdithiolene, and dithiolene CC vibrational modes, isotope and heavy atom perturbations, resonance enhancement, and associated Raman studies of small molecule analogs have provided detailed insight into the nature of these metalloenzyme active sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin L Kirk
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, The University of New Mexico, MSC03 2060, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, United States.
| | - Jesse Lepluart
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, The University of New Mexico, MSC03 2060, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, United States
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, The University of New Mexico, MSC03 2060, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, United States
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Gates C, Varnum H, Getty C, Loui N, Chen J, Kirk ML, Yang J, Nieter Burgmayer SJ. Protonation and Non-Innocent Ligand Behavior in Pyranopterin Dithiolene Molybdenum Complexes. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:13728-13742. [PMID: 36000991 PMCID: PMC10544801 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The complex [TEA][Tp*MoIV(O)(S2BMOPP)] (1) [TEA = tetraethylammonium, Tp* = tris(3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl)hydroborate, and BMOPP = 6-(3-butynyl-2-methyl-2-ol)-2-pivaloyl pterin] is a structural analogue of the molybdenum cofactor common to all pyranopterin molybdenum enzymes because it possesses a pyranopterin-ene-1,2-dithiolate ligand (S2BMOPP) that exists primarily in the ring-closed pyrano structure as a resonance hybrid of ene-dithiolate and thione-thiolate forms. Compound 1, the protonated [Tp*MoIV(O)(S2BMOPP-H)] (1-H) and one-electron-oxidized [Tp*MoV(O)(S2BMOPP)] [1-Mo(5+)] species have been studied using a combination of electrochemistry, electronic absorption, and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Additional insight into the nature of these molecules has been derived from electronic structure computations. Differences in dithiolene C-S bond lengths correlate with relative contributions from both ene-dithiolate and thione-thiolate resonance structures. Upon protonation of 1 to form 1-H, large spectroscopic changes are observed with transitions assigned as Mo(xy) → pyranopterin metal-to-ligand charge transfer and dithiolene → pyranopterin intraligand charge transfer, respectively, and this underscores a dramatic change in electronic structure between 1 and 1-H. The changes in electronic structure that occur upon protonation of 1 are also reflected in a large >300 mV increase in the Mo(V/IV) redox potential for 1-H, resulting from the greater thione-thiolate resonance contribution and decreased charge donation that stabilize the Mo(IV) state in 1-H with respect to one-electron oxidation. EPR spin Hamiltonian parameters for one-electron-oxidized 1-Mo(5+) and uncyclized [Tp*MoV(O)(S2BDMPP)] [3-Mo(5+)] [BDMPP = 6-(3-butynyl-2,2-dimethyl)-2-pivaloyl pterin] are very similar to each other and to those of [Tp*MoVO(bdt)] (bdt = 1,2-ene-dithiolate). This indicates that the dithiolate form of the ligand dominates at the Mo(V) level, consistent with the demand for greater S → Mo charge donation and a corresponding increase in Mo-S covalency as the oxidation state of the metal is increased. Protonation of 1 represents a simple reaction that models how the transfer of a proton from neighboring acidic amino acid residues to the Mo cofactor at a nitrogen atom within the pyranopterin dithiolene (PDT) ligand in pyranopterin molybdenum enzymes can impact the electronic structure of the Mo-PDT unit. This work also illustrates how pyran ring-chain tautomerization drives changes in resonance contributions to the dithiolene chelate and may adjust the reduction potential of the Mo ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Gates
- Department of Chemistry, Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania 19010, United States
| | - Haley Varnum
- Department of Chemistry, Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania 19010, United States
| | - Catherine Getty
- Department of Chemistry, Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania 19010, United States
| | - Natalie Loui
- Department of Chemistry, Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania 19010, United States
| | - Ju Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, The University of New Mexico, MSC03 2060, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-0001, United States
| | - Martin L Kirk
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, The University of New Mexico, MSC03 2060, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-0001, United States
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, The University of New Mexico, MSC03 2060, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-0001, United States
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Colston KJ, Basu P. Synthesis, Redox and Spectroscopic Properties of Pterin of Molybdenum Cofactors. Molecules 2022; 27:3324. [PMID: 35630801 PMCID: PMC9146068 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Pterins are bicyclic heterocycles that are found widely across Nature and are involved in a variety of biological functions. Notably, pterins are found at the core of molybdenum cofactor (Moco) containing enzymes in the molybdopterin (MPT) ligand that coordinates molybdenum and facilitates cofactor activity. Pterins are diverse and can be widely functionalized to tune their properties. Herein, the general methods of synthesis, redox and spectroscopic properties of pterin are discussed to provide more insight into pterin chemistry and their importance to biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Partha Basu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
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Enemark JH. {Moco}n, (n = 0–8): A general formalism for describing the highly covalent molybdenum cofactor of sulfite oxidase and related Mo enzymes,. J Inorg Biochem 2022; 231:111801. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.111801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Dille SA, Colston KJ, Mogesa B, Cassell J, Perera E, Zeller M, Basu P. The Impact of Ligand Oxidation State and Fold Angle on the Charge Transfer Processes of Mo
IV
O‐Dithione Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202001155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara A. Dille
- School Science Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis 402 N. Blackford St. Indianapolis IN 462020 USA
| | - Kyle J. Colston
- School Science Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis 402 N. Blackford St. Indianapolis IN 462020 USA
| | - Benjamin Mogesa
- Bayer School of Natural Science Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Duquesne University 600 Forbes Ave. Pittsburgh PA 15282 USA
| | - Joseph Cassell
- School Science Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis 402 N. Blackford St. Indianapolis IN 462020 USA
| | - Eranda Perera
- Bayer School of Natural Science Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Duquesne University 600 Forbes Ave. Pittsburgh PA 15282 USA
| | - Matthias Zeller
- College of Science Department of Chemistry Purdue University 560 Oval Dr. West Lafayette In 47907 USA
| | - Partha Basu
- School Science Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis 402 N. Blackford St. Indianapolis IN 462020 USA
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Kirk ML, Kc K. Molybdenum and Tungsten Cofactors and the Reactions They Catalyze. Met Ions Life Sci 2020; 20:/books/9783110589757/9783110589757-015/9783110589757-015.xml. [PMID: 32851830 PMCID: PMC8176780 DOI: 10.1515/9783110589757-015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The last 20 years have seen a dramatic increase in our mechanistic understanding of the reactions catalyzed by pyranopterin Mo and W enzymes. These enzymes possess a unique cofactor (Moco) that contains a novel ligand in bioinorganic chemistry, the pyranopterin ene-1,2-dithiolate. A synopsis of Moco biosynthesis and structure is presented, along with our current understanding of the role Moco plays in enzymatic catalysis. Oxygen atom transfer (OAT) reactivity is discussed in terms of breaking strong metal-oxo bonds and the mechanism of OAT catalyzed by enzymes of the sulfite oxidase (SO) family that possess dioxo Mo(VI) active sites. OAT reactivity is also discussed in members of the dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) reductase family, which possess des-oxo Mo(IV) sites. Finally, we reveal what is known about hydride transfer reactivity in xanthine oxidase (XO) family enzymes and the formate dehydrogenases. The formal hydride transfer reactivity catalyzed by xanthine oxidase family enzymes is complex and cleaves substrate C-H bonds using a mechanism that is distinct from monooxygenases. The chapter primarily highlights developments in the field that have occurred since ~2000, which have contributed to our collective structural and mechanistic understanding of the three canonical pyranopterin Mo enzymes families: XO, SO, and DMSO reductase.
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Abstract
Here we highlight past work on metal-dithiolene interactions and how the unique electronic structure of the metal-dithiolene unit contributes to both the oxidative and reductive half reactions in pyranopterin molybdenum and tungsten enzymes. The metallodithiolene electronic structures detailed here were interrogated using multiple ground and excited state spectroscopic probes on the enzymes and their small molecule analogs. The spectroscopic results have been interpreted in the context of bonding and spectroscopic calculations, and the pseudo-Jahn-Teller effect. The dithiolene is a unique ligand with respect to its redox active nature, electronic synergy with the pyranopterin component of the molybdenum cofactor, and the ability to undergo chelate ring distortions that control covalency, reduction potential, and reactivity in pyranopterin molybdenum and tungsten enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, The University of New Mexico, MSC03 2060, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA
| | - John H. Enemark
- Department of Chemistry Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Martin L. Kirk
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, The University of New Mexico, MSC03 2060, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-505-277-5992
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Oliveira AR, Mota C, Mourato C, Domingos RM, Santos MFA, Gesto D, Guigliarelli B, Santos-Silva T, Romão MJ, Cardoso Pereira IA. Toward the Mechanistic Understanding of Enzymatic CO2 Reduction. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Oliveira
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Cristiano Mota
- UCIBIO, Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Mourato
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Renato M. Domingos
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Marino F. A. Santos
- UCIBIO, Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Diana Gesto
- UCIBIO, Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Bruno Guigliarelli
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, BIP, Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Ingénierie des Protéines, Marseille 13402, France
| | - Teresa Santos-Silva
- UCIBIO, Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Maria João Romão
- UCIBIO, Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Inês A. Cardoso Pereira
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
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Ahmadi M, Fischer C, Ghosh AC, Schulzke C. An Asymmetrically Substituted Aliphatic Bis-Dithiolene Mono-Oxido Molybdenum(IV) Complex With Ester and Alcohol Functions as Structural and Functional Active Site Model of Molybdoenzymes. Front Chem 2019; 7:486. [PMID: 31355183 PMCID: PMC6637267 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A MoIV mono-oxido bis-dithiolene complex, [MoO(mohdt)2]2− (mohdt = 1-methoxy-1-oxo-4-hydroxy-but-2-ene-2,3-bis-thiolate) was synthesized as a structural and functional model for molybdenum oxidoreductase enzymes of the DMSO reductase family. It was comprehensively characterized by inter alia various spectroscopic methods and employed as an oxygen atom transfer (OAT) catalyst. The ligand precursor of mohdt was readily prepared by a three-step synthesis starting from dimethyl-but-2-ynedioate. Crystallographic and 13C-NMR data support the rationale that by asymmetric substitution the electronic structure of the ene-dithio moiety can be fine-tuned. The MoIVO bis-dithiolene complex was obtained by in situ reaction of the de-protected ligand with the metal precursor complex trans-[MoO2(CN)4]4−. The catalytic oxygen atom transfer mediated by the complex was investigated by the model OAT reaction from DMSO to triphenylphosphine with the substrate transformation being monitored by 31P NMR spectroscopy. [MoO(mohdt)2]2− was found to be catalytically active reaching 93% conversion, albeit with a rather low reaction rate (reaction time 56 h). The observed overall catalytic activity is comparable to those of related complexes with aromatic dithiolene ligands despite the novel ligand being aliphatic in nature and originally perceived to perform more swiftly. The respective results are rationalized with respect to a potential intermolecular interaction between the hydroxyl and ester functions together with the electron-withdrawing functional groups of the dithiolene ligands of the molybdenum mono-oxido complex and equilibrium between the active monomeric MoIVO and MoVIO2 and the unreactive dimeric Mo2VO3 species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Ahmadi
- Institut für Biochemie, Universität Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Ashta C Ghosh
- Departement de Chimie Moléculaire, Université Grenoble Alpes, UMR CNRS 5250, Grenoble, France
| | - Carola Schulzke
- Institut für Biochemie, Universität Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Ono K, Kitaoka K, Ikeno S, Yonemura T. Crystal structures, spectroscopic studies and photodenitrosylation reactions of stereoselectively formed dinitrosyl-molybdenum [Mo(bidentate-N,S)2(NO)2] complexes with 2-pyrimidinethiolate derivatives. Polyhedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2019.02.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Gisewhite DR, Nagelski AL, Cummins DC, Yap GPA, Burgmayer SJN. Modeling Pyran Formation in the Molybdenum Cofactor: Protonation of Quinoxalyl-Dithiolene Promoting Pyran Cyclization. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:5134-5144. [PMID: 30942584 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mononuclear Mo and W enzymes require a unique ligand known as molybdopterin (MPT). This ligand binds the metal through a dithiolene chelate, and the dithiolene bridges a reduced pyranopterin group. Pyran scission and formation have been proposed as a reaction of the MPT ligand that may occur within the enzymes to adjust reactivity at the Mo atom. We address this issue by investigating oxo-Mo(IV) model complexes containing dithiolenes substituted by pterin or quinoxaline and a hydroxyalkyl poised to form a pyran ring. While the pterin-dithiolene model complex exhibits a low energy, reversible pyran cyclization, here we report that pyran cyclization does not spontaneously occur in the quinoxalyl-dithiolene model. However, protonating the quinoxalyl-dithiolene model induces pyran cyclization forming an unstable, pyrano-quinoxalyl-dithiolene complex which subsequently dehydrates and rearranges to a pyrrolo-quinoxlyl-dithiolene complex that was previously characterized. The protonated pyrano-quinoxalyl-dithiolene complex was characterized by absorption spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry, and these results suggest pyran cyclization leads to a significant change in the Mo electronic structure exhibited as a strong intraligand charge transfer (ILCT) transition and 370 mV positive shift of the Mo(V/IV) reduction potential. The influence of protonation on quinoxaline reactivity supports the hypothesis that the local protein environment in the second coordination sphere of molybdenum cofactor (Moco) could control pyran cyclization. The results also demonstrate that the remarkable chemical reactivity of the pterin-dithiolene ligand is subtly distinct and not reproduced by the simpler quinoxaline analog that is often used to replace pterin in synthetic Moco models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas R Gisewhite
- Department of Chemistry , Bryn Mawr College , Bryn Mawr , Pennsylvania 19010 , United States
| | - Alexandra L Nagelski
- Department of Chemistry , Bryn Mawr College , Bryn Mawr , Pennsylvania 19010 , United States
| | - Daniel C Cummins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Delaware , Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States
| | - Glenn P A Yap
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Delaware , Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States
| | - Sharon J N Burgmayer
- Department of Chemistry , Bryn Mawr College , Bryn Mawr , Pennsylvania 19010 , United States
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Seo J, Shearer J, Williard PG, Kim E. Reactivity of a biomimetic W(iv) bis-dithiolene complex with CO2 leading to formate production and structural rearrangement. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:17441-17444. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt03906f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A mononuclear W(iv) bis-dithiolene complex reduces CO2 to formate while generating a dinuclear W(v) complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhyeok Seo
- Department of Chemistry
- Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology
- Gwangju 61005
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jason Shearer
- Department of Chemistry
- Trinity University
- San Antonio
- USA
| | | | - Eunsuk Kim
- Department of Chemistry
- Brown University
- Providence
- USA
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