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Veselý L, Závacká K, Štůsek R, Olbert M, Neděla V, Shalaev E, Heger D. Impact of secondary ice in a frozen NaCl freeze-concentrated solution on the extent of methylene blue aggregation. Int J Pharm 2024; 650:123691. [PMID: 38072147 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Freezing and lyophilization have been utilized for decades to stabilize pharmaceutical and food products. Freezing a solution that contains dissolved salt and/or organic matter produces pure primary ice crystal grains separated by freeze-concentrated solutions (FCS). The microscopic size of the primary ice crystals depends on the cooling conditions and the concentration of the solutes. It is generally accepted that primary ice crystals size influences the rate of sublimation and also can impact physico-chemical behaviour of the species in the FCS. This article, however, presents a case where the secondary ice formed inside the FCS plays a critical role. We microscoped the structures of ice-cast FCS with an environmental scanning electron microscope and applied the aggregation-sensitive spectroscopic probe methylene blue to determine how the microstructure affects the molecular arrangement. We show that slow cooling at -50 °C produces large salt crystals with a small specific surface, resulting in a high degree of molecular aggregation within the FCS. In contrast, fast liquid nitrogen cooling yields an ultrafine structure of salt crystals having a large specific surface area and, therefore, inducing smaller aggregation. The study highlights a critical role of secondary ice in solute aggregation and introduces methylene blue as a molecular probe to investigate freezing behaviour of aqueous systems with crystalline solute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukáš Veselý
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kamila Závacká
- Environmental Electron Microscopy Group, Institute of Scientific Instruments of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Radim Štůsek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Olbert
- Environmental Electron Microscopy Group, Institute of Scientific Instruments of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vilém Neděla
- Environmental Electron Microscopy Group, Institute of Scientific Instruments of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Dominik Heger
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
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Yu Q, Wang Y, Luo J, Yang H. Freeze-Dissolving Method: A Fast Green Technology for Producing Nanoparticles and Ultrafine Powder. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2022; 10:7825-7832. [PMID: 35756576 PMCID: PMC9214760 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.2c02270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A new technology, a freeze-dissolving method, has been developed to isolate nanoparticles or ultrafine powder and is a more efficient and sustainable method than the traditional freeze-drying method. In this work, frozen spherical ice particles were produced with an aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate or ammonium dihydrogen phosphate at various concentrations to generate nanoparticles of NaHCO3 or (NH4)(H2PO4). The freeze-drying method sublimates ice, and nanoparticles of NaHCO3 or (NH4)(H2PO4) in the ice templates remain. The freeze-dissolving method dissolves ice particles in a low freezing point solvent at temperatures below 0 °C, and then, nanoparticles of NaHCO3 or (NH4)(H2PO4) can be isolated after filtration. The freeze-dissolving method is 100 times faster with about 100 times less energy consumption than the freeze-drying method as demonstrated in this work with a much smaller facility footprint and produces the same quantity of nanoparticles with a more uniform size distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiushuo Yu
- School
of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710069, China
- (Qiushuo Yu)
| | - Yingchen Wang
- School
of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Jiaqi Luo
- School
of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Huaiyu Yang
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
- (Huaiyu Yang)
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3
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Kimizuka N. Formation of NaCl eutectics in water-in-oil emulsion. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:25630-25638. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03061f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
It is shown by thermal analysis and optical microscopy observations that when an NaCl aqueous solution is cooled as a water-in-oil emulsion, a metastable eutectic is formed that has a eutectic point at around −28 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihito Kimizuka
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, Japan
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4
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S K, M Y, Rawson A, C. K S. Recent Advances in Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy and Imaging Techniques for Automation in Agriculture and Food Sector. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-021-02132-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Banks PA, Burgess L, Ruggiero MT. The necessity of periodic boundary conditions for the accurate calculation of crystalline terahertz spectra. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:20038-20051. [PMID: 34518858 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02496e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Terahertz vibrational spectroscopy has emerged as a powerful spectroscopic technique, providing valuable information regarding long-range interactions - and associated collective dynamics - occurring in solids. However, the terahertz sciences are relatively nascent, and there have been significant advances over the last several decades that have profoundly influenced the interpretation and assignment of experimental terahertz spectra. Specifically, because there do not exist any functional group or material-specific terahertz transitions, it is not possible to interpret experimental spectra without additional analysis, specifically, computational simulations. Over the years simulations utilizing periodic boundary conditions have proven to be most successful for reproducing experimental terahertz dynamics, due to the ability of the calculations to accurately take long-range forces into account. On the other hand, there are numerous reports in the literature that utilize gas phase cluster geometries, to varying levels of apparent success. This perspective will provide a concise introduction into the terahertz sciences, specifically terahertz spectroscopy, followed by an evaluation of gas phase and periodic simulations for the assignment of crystalline terahertz spectra, highlighting potential pitfalls and good practice for future endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Banks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, 82 University Place, Burlington, Vermont 05405, USA.
| | - Luke Burgess
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, 82 University Place, Burlington, Vermont 05405, USA.
| | - Michael T Ruggiero
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, 82 University Place, Burlington, Vermont 05405, USA.
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6
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Chen L, Ren G, Liu L, Guo P, Wang E, Zhou L, Zhu Z, Zhang J, Yang B, Zhang W, Li Y, Zhang W, Gao Y, Zhao H, Han J. Terahertz Signatures of Hydrate Formation in Alkali Halide Solutions. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:7146-7152. [PMID: 32787323 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We systematically studied the ability of 20 alkali halides to form solid hydrates in the frozen state from their aqueous solutions by terahertz time-domain spectroscopy combined with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. We experimentally observed the rise of new terahertz absorption peaks in the spectral range of 0.3-3.5 THz in frozen alkali halide solutions. The DFT calculations prove that the rise of observed new peaks in solutions containing Li+, Na+, or F- ions indicates the formation of salt hydrates, while that in other alkali halide solutions is caused by the splitting phonon modes of the imperfectly crystallized salts in ice. As a simple empirical rule, the correlation between the terahertz signatures and the ability of 20 alkali halides to form a hydrate has been established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligang Chen
- Center for Terahertz Waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute Zhangjiang Lab, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Guanhua Ren
- Center for Terahertz Waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute Zhangjiang Lab, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Liyuan Liu
- Center for Terahertz Waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan Guo
- Division of Interfacial Water and Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Endong Wang
- Division of Interfacial Water and Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Lu Zhou
- Center for Terahertz Waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongjie Zhu
- Division of Interfacial Water and Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Jianbing Zhang
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute Zhangjiang Lab, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
- Division of Interfacial Water and Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Chester, Thornton Science Park, Chester, U.K. CH2 4NU
| | - Wentao Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Yanfeng Li
- Center for Terahertz Waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Weili Zhang
- Center for Terahertz Waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Yi Gao
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute Zhangjiang Lab, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
- Division of Interfacial Water and Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Hongwei Zhao
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute Zhangjiang Lab, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
- Division of Interfacial Water and Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Jiaguang Han
- Center for Terahertz Waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
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7
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Chen L, Ren G, Liu L, Guo P, Wang E, Zhu Z, Yang J, Shen J, Zhang Z, Zhou L, Zhang J, Yang B, Zhang W, Gao Y, Zhao H, Han J. Probing NaCl hydrate formation from aqueous solutions by terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:17791-17797. [PMID: 32578603 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp01571g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The cooling-induced formation of a hydrate in aqueous NaCl solutions was probed using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS). It was found that the NaCl hydrate formation is accompanied by the emergence of four new absorption peaks at 1.60, 2.43, 3.34 and 3.78 THz. Combining X-ray diffraction measurements with solid-state based density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we assign the observed terahertz absorption peaks to the vibrational modes of the formed NaCl·2H2O hydrate during cooling. This work shows that THz-TDS based analysis has great potential in studying ionic hydrates and the newly revealed collective vibrational modes could be sensitive indicators to achieve quantitative analysis in phase transitions and lattice dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligang Chen
- Center for Terahertz Waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China. and Shanghai Advanced Research Institute Zhangjiang Lab, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China. and Division of Interfacial Water and Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Guanhua Ren
- Center for Terahertz Waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China. and Shanghai Advanced Research Institute Zhangjiang Lab, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China. and Division of Interfacial Water and Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Liyuan Liu
- Center for Terahertz Waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China.
| | - Pan Guo
- Division of Interfacial Water and Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Endong Wang
- Division of Interfacial Water and Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Zhongjie Zhu
- Division of Interfacial Water and Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Jinrong Yang
- Division of Interfacial Water and Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Jianxiong Shen
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute Zhangjiang Lab, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China.
| | - Zongchang Zhang
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute Zhangjiang Lab, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China.
| | - Lu Zhou
- Center for Terahertz Waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianbing Zhang
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute Zhangjiang Lab, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China. and Division of Interfacial Water and Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Chester, Thornton Science Park, Chester, CH2 4NU, UK
| | - Weili Zhang
- Center for Terahertz Waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China. and School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, USA
| | - Yi Gao
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute Zhangjiang Lab, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China. and Division of Interfacial Water and Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Hongwei Zhao
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute Zhangjiang Lab, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China. and Division of Interfacial Water and Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Jiaguang Han
- Center for Terahertz Waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China.
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