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Zhu ZS, Zhong S, Cheng C, Zhou H, Sun H, Duan X, Wang S. Microenvironment Engineering of Heterogeneous Catalysts for Liquid-Phase Environmental Catalysis. Chem Rev 2024. [PMID: 39383063 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2024]
Abstract
Environmental catalysis has emerged as a scientific frontier in mitigating water pollution and advancing circular chemistry and reaction microenvironment significantly influences the catalytic performance and efficiency. This review delves into microenvironment engineering within liquid-phase environmental catalysis, categorizing microenvironments into four scales: atom/molecule-level modulation, nano/microscale-confined structures, interface and surface regulation, and external field effects. Each category is analyzed for its unique characteristics and merits, emphasizing its potential to significantly enhance catalytic efficiency and selectivity. Following this overview, we introduced recent advancements in advanced material and system design to promote liquid-phase environmental catalysis (e.g., water purification, transformation to value-added products, and green synthesis), leveraging state-of-the-art microenvironment engineering technologies. These discussions showcase microenvironment engineering was applied in different reactions to fine-tune catalytic regimes and improve the efficiency from both thermodynamics and kinetics perspectives. Lastly, we discussed the challenges and future directions in microenvironment engineering. This review underscores the potential of microenvironment engineering in intelligent materials and system design to drive the development of more effective and sustainable catalytic solutions to environmental decontamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Shuai Zhu
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Austraia 5005, Australia
| | - Shuang Zhong
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Austraia 5005, Australia
| | - Cheng Cheng
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Austraia 5005, Australia
| | - Hongyu Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Austraia 5005, Australia
| | - Hongqi Sun
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Xiaoguang Duan
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Austraia 5005, Australia
| | - Shaobin Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Austraia 5005, Australia
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2
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Fu X, Diao W, Luo Y, Liu Y, Wang Z. Theoretical Insight into the Fluorescence Spectral Tuning Mechanism: A Case Study of Flavin-Dependent Bacterial Luciferase. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:8652-8664. [PMID: 39298275 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.4c00950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2024]
Abstract
Bioluminescence of bacteria is widely applied in biological imaging, environmental toxicant detection, and many other situations. Understanding the spectral tuning mechanism not only helps explain the diversity of colors observed in nature but also provides principles for bioengineering new color variants for practical applications. In this study, time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) and quantum mechanics and molecular mechanics (QM/MM) calculations have been employed to understand the fluorescence spectral tuning mechanism of bacterial luciferase with a focus on the electrostatic effect. The spectrum can be tuned by both a homogeneous dielectric environment and oriented external electric fields (OEEFs). Increasing the solvent polarity leads to a redshift of the fluorescence emission maximum, λF, accompanied by a substantial increase in density. In contrast, applying an OEEF along the long axis of the isoalloxazine ring (X-axis) leads to a significant red- or blue-shift in λF, depending on the direction of the OEEF, yet with much smaller changes in intensity. The effect of polar solvents is directionless, and the red-shifts can be attributed to the larger dipole moment of the S1 state compared with that of the S0 state. However, the effect of OEEFs directly correlates with the difference dipole moment between the S1 and S0 states, which is directional and is determined by the charge redistribution upon deexcitation. Moreover, the electrostatic effect of bacterial luciferase is in line with the presence of an internal electric field (IEF) pointing in the negative X direction. Finally, the key residues that contribute to this IEF and strategies for modulating the spectrum through site-directed point mutations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodi Fu
- Center for Advanced Materials Research, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, China
| | - Wenwen Diao
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Yanling Luo
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yajun Liu
- Center for Advanced Materials Research, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, China
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zhanfeng Wang
- Center for Advanced Materials Research, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, China
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3
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Chen CY, Chai JD. Effect of Oriented External Electric Fields on the Electronic Properties of Linear Acenes: A Thermally Assisted Occupation DFT Study. Molecules 2024; 29:4245. [PMID: 39275093 PMCID: PMC11396984 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29174245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2024] [Revised: 08/31/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently, oriented external electric fields (OEEFs) have earned much attention due to the possibility of tuning the properties of electronic systems. From a theoretical perspective, one can resort to electronic structure calculations to understand how the direction and strength of OEEFs affect the properties of electronic systems. However, for multi-reference (MR) systems, calculations employing the popular Kohn-Sham density functional theory with the traditional semilocal and hybrid exchange-correlation energy functionals can yield erroneous results. Owing to its decent compromise between accuracy and efficiency for MR systems at the nanoscale (i.e., MR nanosystems), in this study, thermally assisted occupation density functional theory (TAO-DFT) is adopted to explore the electronic properties of n-acenes (n = 2-10), containing n linearly fused benzene rings, in OEEFs, where the OEEFs of various electric field strengths are applied along the long axes of n-acenes. According to our TAO-DFT calculations, the ground states of n-acenes in OEEFs are singlets for all the cases examined. The effect of OEEFs is shown to be significant on the vertical ionization potentials and vertical electron affinities of ground-state n-acenes with odd-number fused benzene rings. Moreover, the MR character of ground-state n-acenes in OEEFs increases with the increase in the acene length and/or the electric field strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Yu Chen
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Da Chai
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Center for Theoretical Physics and Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Physics Division, National Center for Theoretical Sciences, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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Guo X, Farag M, Qian N, Yu X, Ni A, Ma Y, Yu W, King MR, Liu V, Lee J, Zare RN, Min W, Pappu RV, Dai Y. Biomolecular condensates can function as inherent catalysts. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.06.602359. [PMID: 39026887 PMCID: PMC11257451 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.06.602359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
We report the discovery that chemical reactions such as ATP hydrolysis can be catalyzed by condensates formed by intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs), which themselves lack any intrinsic ability to function as enzymes. This inherent catalytic feature of condensates derives from the electrochemical environments and the electric fields at interfaces that are direct consequences of phase separation. The condensates we studied were capable of catalyzing diverse hydrolysis reactions, including hydrolysis and radical-dependent breakdown of ATP whereby ATP fully decomposes to adenine and multiple carbohydrates. This distinguishes condensates from naturally occurring ATPases, which can only catalyze the dephosphorylation of ATP. Interphase and interfacial properties of condensates can be tuned via sequence design, thus enabling control over catalysis through sequence-dependent electrochemical features of condensates. Incorporation of hydrolase-like synthetic condensates into live cells enables activation of transcriptional circuits that depend on products of hydrolysis reactions. Inherent catalytic functions of condensates, which are emergent consequences of phase separation, are likely to affect metabolic regulation in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biomolecular Condensates, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - Mina Farag
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biomolecular Condensates, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - Naixin Qian
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | - Xia Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Anton Ni
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Yuefeng Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biomolecular Condensates, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - Wen Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biomolecular Condensates, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - Matthew R. King
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biomolecular Condensates, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - Vicky Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biomolecular Condensates, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - Joonho Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Richard N. Zare
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Wei Min
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | - Rohit V. Pappu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biomolecular Condensates, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - Yifan Dai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biomolecular Condensates, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130
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5
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Shaik S. My Vision of Electric-Field-Aided Chemistry in 2050. ACS PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY AU 2024; 4:191-201. [PMID: 38800723 PMCID: PMC11117677 DOI: 10.1021/acsphyschemau.3c00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
This manuscript outlines my outlook on the development of electric-field (EF)-mediated-chemistry and the vision of its state by 2050. I discuss applications of oriented-external electric-fields (OEEFs) on chemical reactions and proceed with relevant experimental verifications. Subsequently, the Perspective outlines other ways of generating EFs, e.g., by use of pH-switchable charges, ionic additives, water droplets, and so on. A special section summarizes conceptual principles for understanding and predicting OEEF effects, e.g., the "reaction-axis rule", the capability of OEEFs to act as tweezers that orient reactants and accelerate their reaction, etc. Finally, I discuss applications of OEEFs in continuous-flow setups, which may, in principle, scale-up to molar concentrations. The Perspective ends with the vision that by 2050, OEEF usage will change chemical education, if not also the art of making new molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sason Shaik
- Institute of Chemistry, The
Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
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6
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Bofill JM, Severi M, Quapp W, Ribas-Ariño J, de P R Moreira I, Albareda G. Optimal Oriented External Electric Fields to Trigger a Barrierless Oxaphosphetane Ring Opening Step of the Wittig Reaction. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400173. [PMID: 38457260 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
The Wittig reaction is one of the most important processes in organic chemistry for the asymmetric synthesis of olefinic compounds. In view of the increasingly acknowledged potentiality of the electric fields in promoting reactions, here we will consider the effect of the oriented external electric field (OEEF) on the second step of Wittig reaction (i. e. the ring opening oxaphosphetane) in a model system for non-stabilized ylides. In particular, we have determined the optimal direction and strength of the electric field that should be applied to annihilate the reaction barrier of the ring opening through the polarizable molecular electric dipole (PMED) model that we have recently developed. We conclude that the application of the optimal external electric field for the oxaphosphetane ring opening favours a Bestmann-like mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Maria Bofill
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Martí i Franquès 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, C/Martí i Franquès 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marco Severi
- Department of Chemistry G. Ciamician, University of Bologna, Via F. Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Wolfgang Quapp
- Mathematisches Institut, Universität Leipzig, PF 100920, D-04009, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jordi Ribas-Ariño
- Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, C/Martí i Franquès 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física, Secció de Química Física, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Martí i Franquès 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ibério de P R Moreira
- Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, C/Martí i Franquès 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física, Secció de Química Física, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Martí i Franquès 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
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7
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Pavošević F, Smith RL, Rubio A. Cavity Click Chemistry: Cavity-Catalyzed Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:10184-10188. [PMID: 37992280 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c06285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Click chemistry, which refers to chemical reactions that are fast and selective with high product yields, has become a powerful approach in organic synthesis and chemical biology. Due to the cytotoxicity of the transition metals employed in click chemistry reactions, a search for novel metal-free alternatives continues. Herein, we demonstrate that an optical cavity can be utilized as a metal-free alternative in the click chemistry cycloaddition reaction between cyanoacetylene and formylazide using the quantum electrodynamics coupled cluster method. We show that by changing the molecular orientation with respect to the polarization of the cavity mode(s), the reaction can be selectively catalyzed to form a major 1,4-disubstituted or 1,5-disubstituted product. This work highlights that a cavity has the same effect on the investigated cycloaddition as the transition metal catalysts traditionally employed in click chemistry reactions. We expect our findings to further stimulate research on cavity-assisted click chemistry reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabijan Pavošević
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron Institute, 162 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10010, United States
- Algorithmiq Ltd, Kanavakatu 3C, FI-00160 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Robert L Smith
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron Institute, 162 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10010, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Angel Rubio
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron Institute, 162 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10010, United States
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter and Center for Free-Electron Laser Science & Department of Physics, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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8
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Yadav P, Kumar P. External electric field, a potential catalyst for C-N cross-coupling reaction. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023. [PMID: 38047469 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04723g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
The present work investigates the role of the external electric field (EEF) in boosting the C-N cross-coupling reaction between 2-chlorobenzoic acid and propylamine, by computing the reaction rates and energy barrier. The investigation suggests that the reaction can become barrierless by choosing an electric field in the appropriate direction, resulting in a quadrillionfold increase in the reaction rate in the presence of an EEF. We also found that the efficiency of the electric field depends on the dipole moment of the reactants, and hence, the results of the present work are general in nature and should be applicable to a variety of C-N cross-coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, Jaipur, 302017, India.
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, Jaipur, 302017, India.
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9
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Wang WW, Zhao X, Ehara M. Mechanistic Studies of Regiocontrolled Bisaddition of Fullerenes Driven by Oriented External Electric Fields. J Org Chem 2023; 88:15783-15789. [PMID: 37938999 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
The challenge of achieving regioselective multifunctionalization on highly symmetric C60 and C70 fullerenes persists as a significant hurdle. In this study, we present a novel approach involving the participation of an oriented external electric field (OEEF) to facilitate the regioselective formation of bisadducts in C60/C70 fullerenes. These products are obtained through consecutive Diels-Alder cycloaddition reactions. We constructed the field strength-barrier relationship and elucidated the OEEF-driven modulation mechanisms quantitatively. Leveraging the interplay between molecular dipoles and electric fields, the diverse reactions at distinct sites exhibit varying degrees of sensitivity to the applied electric fields, thereby leading to a pronounced regioselectivity in the bisaddition process. Our proposition suggests that the angle formed between the bonding direction (referred to as the reaction axis) and the external field can conveniently function as a predictive descriptor for the reactivity of different sites on the fullerene surface when subjected to electric fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wei Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of High-Orbits-Electron Materials and Protection Technology for Aerospace, School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710126, China
| | - Xiang Zhao
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Masahiro Ehara
- Research Center for Computational Science, Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
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10
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Diao W, Farrell JD, Wang B, Ye F, Wang Z. Preorganized Internal Electric Field Promotes a Double-Displacement Mechanism for the Adenine Excision Reaction by Adenine DNA Glycosylase. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:8551-8564. [PMID: 37782825 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c04928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Adenine DNA glycosylase (MutY) is a monofunctional glycosylase, removing adenines (A) misinserted opposite 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (OG), a common product of oxidative damage to DNA. Through multiscale calculations, we decipher a detailed adenine excision mechanism of MutY that is consistent with all available experimental data, involving an initial protonation step and two nucleophilic displacement steps. During the first displacement step, N-glycosidic bond cleavage is accompanied by the attack of the carboxylate group of residue Asp144 at the anomeric carbon (C1'), forming a covalent glycosyl-enzyme intermediate to stabilize the fleeting oxocarbenium ion. After departure of the excised base, water nucleophiles can be recruited to displace Asp144, completing the catalytic cycle with retention of stereochemistry at the C1' position. The two displacement reactions are found to mostly involve the movement of the oxocarbenium ion, occurring with large charge reorganization and thus sensitive to the internal electric field (IEF) exerted by the polar protein environment. Intriguingly, we find that the negatively charged carboxylate group is a good nucleophile for the oxocarbenium ion, yet an unactivated water molecule is not, and that the electric field catalysis strategy is used by the enzyme to enable its unique double-displacement reaction mechanism. A strong IEF, pointing toward 5' direction of the substrate sugar ring, greatly facilitates the second displacement reaction at the expense of elevating the barrier of the first one, thereby allowing both reactions to occur. These findings not only increase our understanding of the strategies used by DNA glycosylases to repair DNA lesions, but also have important implications for how internal/external electric field can be applied to modulate chemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Diao
- Center for Advanced Materials Research, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, China
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - James D Farrell
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Binju Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Fangfu Ye
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Zhanfeng Wang
- Center for Advanced Materials Research, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, China
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11
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Siddiqui SA, Shaik S, Kalita S, Dubey KD. A porphyrin-based molecular cage guided by designed local-electric field is highly selective and efficient. Chem Sci 2023; 14:10329-10339. [PMID: 37772104 PMCID: PMC10529934 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01720f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The present work outlines a general methodology for designing efficient catalytic machineries that can easily be tweaked to meet the demands of the target reactions. This work utilizes a principle of the designed local electric field (LEF) as the driver for an efficient catalyst. It is demonstrated that by tweaking the LEF, we can catalyze the desired hydroxylation products with enantioselectivity that can be changed at will. Using computation tools, we caged a synthetic analog of heme porphyrin (HM1) and investigated the pharmaceutically relevant conversion of tetralin to tetralol, inside the modified supramolecular cage. The QM/MM calculations demonstrate a resulting catalytic efficiency with virtually absolute R-selectivity for the tetralin hydroxylation. Our calculations show that the LEF of the supramolecular cage and HM1 exert a strong electric field along the Fe-O reaction axis, which is the main driving force for enhanced reactivity. At the same time, the supramolecular cage applies a lateral LEF that regulates the enantioselectivity. We further demonstrate that swapping the charged/polar substitution in the supramolecular cage switches the lateral LEF which changes the enantioselectivity of hydroxylation from R to S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakir Ali Siddiqui
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence Delhi-NCR India
| | - Sason Shaik
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Israel Jerusalem Israel
| | - Surajit Kalita
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence Delhi-NCR India
| | - Kshatresh Dutta Dubey
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence Delhi-NCR India
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12
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Bofill JM, Severi M, Quapp W, Ribas-Ariño J, Moreira IDPR, Albareda G. An algorithm to find the optimal oriented external electrostatic field for annihilating a reaction barrier in a polarizable molecular system. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:114112. [PMID: 37724726 DOI: 10.1063/5.0167749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of oriented external electric fields (OEEFs) to promote and control chemical reactivity has motivated many theoretical and computational studies in the last decade to model the action of OEEFs on a molecular system and its effects on chemical processes. Given a reaction, a central goal in this research area is to predict the optimal OEEF (oOEEF) required to annihilate the reaction energy barrier with the smallest possible field strength. Here, we present a model rooted in catastrophe and optimum control theories that allows us to find the oOEEF for a given reaction valley in the potential energy surface (PES). In this model, the effective (or perturbed) PES of a polarizable molecular system is constructed by adding to the original, non-perturbed, PES a term accounting for the interaction of the OEEF with the intrinsic electric dipole and polarizability of the molecular system, so called the polarizable molecular electric dipole (PMED) model. We demonstrate that the oOEEF can be established by locating a point in the original PES with unique topological properties: the optimal barrier breakdown or bond-breaking point (oBBP). The essential feature of the oBBP structure is the fact that this point maintains its topological properties for all the applied OEEFs, also for the unperturbed PES, thus becoming much more relevant than the commonly used minima and transition state structures. The PMED model proposed here has been implemented in an open access package and is shown to successfully predict the oOEEF for two processes: an isomerization reaction of a cumulene derivative and the Huisgen cycloaddition reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Maria Bofill
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional, (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marco Severi
- Department of Chemistry G. Ciamician, University of Bologna, Via F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Wolfgang Quapp
- Mathematisches Institut, Universität Leipzig, PF 100920, D-04009 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jordi Ribas-Ariño
- Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional, (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física, Secció de Química Física, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ibério de P R Moreira
- Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional, (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física, Secció de Química Física, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guillermo Albareda
- Ideaded, Carrer de la Tecnologia, 35, 08840 Viladecans, Barcelona, Spain
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13
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Gopakumar K, Shaik S, Ramanan R. Two-Way Catalysis in a Diels-Alder Reaction Limits Inhibition Induced by an External Electric Field. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202307579. [PMID: 37530131 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202307579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Oriented external electric fields (EEFs) act as catalysts that can induce selectivity in chemical reactions. The responses of the Diels-Alder (DA) reaction between butadiene and ethylene (BDE-DA) as well as cyclopentadiene and ethylene (CPDE-DA) towards EEF stimuli are investigated here using density functional theory (B3LYP) calculations. EEF is a vector that catalyzes the reaction in one direction while inhibiting it in the opposite direction. Here we report that the inhibitive direction becomes rate-enhancing after some increase in the EEF. The EEF value that brings about the maximum possible inhibition for the reaction is defined as the electrostatic resistance point (ERP). The possibility of both normal and inverse electron-demand DA reactions causes catalytic activity in both directions of the EEF starting at a unique ERP value. The C5 substituents of cyclopentadiene control the ERP values depending upon the resistance power that the functional group provides against the EEF. The endo and exo diastereomeric transition states of the DA reaction have distinct ERP values and the difference (ΔERP) provides the through-space electrostatic contribution to the stereoselectivity on a relative scale. Thus, the ERP values can be used as a gauge for the electrostatic interactions between substituent groups and external stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Gopakumar
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
| | - Sason Shaik
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9190407, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rajeev Ramanan
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
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14
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Zeng JM, Liu Q, Zhao JY, Deng R, Wang YF, Huang J, Li ZR. OEEF-Driven Intramolecular Self-Redox of Superalkali Rb 3BeB 6Be'Rb' 3: A High-Performance Candidate for NLO Molecular Switch. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:30612-30620. [PMID: 37636977 PMCID: PMC10448663 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
To provide a novel intramolecular self-redox switch, a boron-based sandwich-like complex Rb3BeB6Be'Rb'3 is achieved by using theoretical computations. An applicable oriented external electric field (OEEF) can result in the occurrence of intramolecular self-redox (IMSR) with a long-range electron transfer from tetrahedral Be'Rb'3 to Rb3Be and subsequently [Rb3Be]3+[B6]6-[Be'Rb'3]3+ (D3d) changes to [Rb3Be]2+[B6]6-[Be'Rb'3]4+ (C3v), accompanying high-performance NLO switchable effect for both static and dynamic first hyperpolarizability (β0). [Rb3Be]3+[B6]6-[Be'Rb'3]3+ (off-form) owns zero of dipole moment (μ0) and β0, while [Rb3Be]2+[B6]6-[Be'Rb'3]4+ (on-form) exhibits a μ0 of 3.36 D and a β0e of 2.18 × 105 au. The different dynamic first hyperpolarizabilities between [Rb3Be]3+[B6]6-[Be'Rb'3]3+ and [Rb3Be]2+[B6]6-[Be'Rb'3]4+ are also significant. This indicates that Rb3BeB6Be'Rb'3 is a potential candidate for an IMSR NLO switch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Mei Zeng
- Jiangxi
Province Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Institute of Applied
Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jinggangshan University, Ji’an CN 343009, China
| | - Qin Liu
- Jiangxi
Province Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Institute of Applied
Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jinggangshan University, Ji’an CN 343009, China
| | - Jing-Yi Zhao
- Jiangxi
Province Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Institute of Applied
Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jinggangshan University, Ji’an CN 343009, China
| | - Rui Deng
- Jiangxi
Province Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Institute of Applied
Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jinggangshan University, Ji’an CN 343009, China
| | - Yin-Feng Wang
- Jiangxi
Province Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Institute of Applied
Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jinggangshan University, Ji’an CN 343009, China
| | - Jiangen Huang
- Jiangxi
Province Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Institute of Applied
Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jinggangshan University, Ji’an CN 343009, China
| | - Zhi-Ru Li
- Laboratory
of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical
Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun CN 130023, China
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15
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Lu H, Azizi A, Mi XP, Wenjing Y, Peng Y, Xu T, Früchtl H, van Mourik T, Kirk SR, Jenkins S. Scoring molecular wires subject to an ultrafast laser pulse for molecular electronic devices. J Comput Chem 2023. [PMID: 37133985 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.27126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A nonionizing ultrafast laser pulse of 20-fs duration with a peak amplitude electric-field ±E = 200 × 10-4 a.u. was simulated. It was applied to the ethene molecule to consider its effect on the electron dynamics, both during the application of the laser pulse and for up to 100 fs after the pulse was switched off. Four laser pulse frequencies ω = 0.2692, 0.2808, 0.2830, and 0.2900 a.u. were chosen to correspond to excitation energies mid-way between the (S1 ,S2 ), (S2 ,S3 ), (S3 ,S4 ) and (S4 ,S5 ) electronic states, respectively. Scalar quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) was used to quantify the shifts of the C1C2 bond critical points (BCPs). Depending on the frequencies ω selected, the C1C2 BCP shifts were up to 5.8 times higher after the pulse was switched off compared with a static E-field with the same magnitude. Next generation QTAIM (NG-QTAIM) was used to visualize and quantify the directional chemical character. In particular, polarization effects and bond strengths, in the form of bond-rigidity vs. bond-flexibility, were found, for some laser pulse frequencies, to increase after the laser pulse was switched off. Our analysis demonstrates that NG-QTAIM, in partnership with ultrafast laser irradiation, is useful as a tool in the emerging field of ultrafast electron dynamics, which will be essential for the design, and control of molecular electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Lu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Key Laboratory of Resource National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Alireza Azizi
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiao Peng Mi
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Key Laboratory of Resource National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yu Wenjing
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Key Laboratory of Resource National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuting Peng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Key Laboratory of Resource National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tianlv Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Key Laboratory of Resource National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Herbert Früchtl
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Saint Andrews, Fife, Scotland, UK
| | - Tanja van Mourik
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Saint Andrews, Fife, Scotland, UK
| | - Steven R Kirk
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Key Laboratory of Resource National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Samantha Jenkins
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Key Laboratory of Resource National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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16
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Dief EM, Low PJ, Díez-Pérez I, Darwish N. Advances in single-molecule junctions as tools for chemical and biochemical analysis. Nat Chem 2023; 15:600-614. [PMID: 37106094 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01178-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
The development of miniaturized electronics has led to the design and construction of powerful experimental platforms capable of measuring electronic properties to the level of single molecules, along with new theoretical concepts to aid in the interpretation of the data. A new area of activity is now emerging concerned with repurposing the tools of molecular electronics for applications in chemical and biological analysis. Single-molecule junction techniques, such as the scanning tunnelling microscope break junction and related single-molecule circuit approaches have a remarkable capacity to transduce chemical information from individual molecules, sampled in real time, to electrical signals. In this Review, we discuss single-molecule junction approaches as emerging analytical tools for the chemical and biological sciences. We demonstrate how these analytical techniques are being extended to systems capable of probing chemical reaction mechanisms. We also examine how molecular junctions enable the detection of RNA, DNA, and traces of proteins in solution with limits of detection at the zeptomole level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essam M Dief
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Paul J Low
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ismael Díez-Pérez
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural & Mathematical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nadim Darwish
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia.
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17
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Electric field-intensified chemical processes and reaction chemistry. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2022.100895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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18
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Zhang B, Schaack C, Prindle CR, Vo EA, Aziz M, Steigerwald ML, Berkelbach TC, Nuckolls C, Venkataraman L. Electric fields drive bond homolysis. Chem Sci 2023; 14:1769-1774. [PMID: 36819847 PMCID: PMC9931054 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc06411a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Electric fields have been used to control and direct chemical reactions in biochemistry and enzymatic catalysis, yet directly applying external electric fields to activate reactions in bulk solution and to characterize them ex situ remains a challenge. Here we utilize the scanning tunneling microscope-based break-junction technique to investigate the electric field driven homolytic cleavage of the radical initiator 4-(methylthio)benzoic peroxyanhydride at ambient temperatures in bulk solution, without the use of co-initiators or photochemical activators. Through time-dependent ex situ quantification by high performance liquid chromatography using a UV-vis detector, we find that the electric field catalyzes the reaction. Importantly, we demonstrate that the reaction rate in a field increases linearly with the solvent dielectric constant. Using density functional theory calculations, we show that the applied electric field decreases the dissociation energy of the O-O bond and stabilizes the product relative to the reactant due to their different dipole moments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyuan Zhang
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University New York 10027 New York US
| | - Cedric Schaack
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University New York 10027 New York USA
| | | | - Ethan A. Vo
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia UniversityNew York 10027New YorkUSA
| | - Miriam Aziz
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University New York 10027 New York USA
| | | | - Timothy C. Berkelbach
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia UniversityNew York 10027New YorkUSA,Center for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron InstituteNew YorkNew York10010USA
| | - Colin Nuckolls
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University New York 10027 New York USA
| | - Latha Venkataraman
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University New York 10027 New York US .,Department of Chemistry, Columbia University New York 10027 New York USA
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19
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Kempfer-Robertson EM, Avdic I, Haase MN, Pike TD, Thompson LM. Protonation state control of electric field induced molecular switching mechanisms. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:5251-5261. [PMID: 36723228 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04494c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Scanning tunneling microscopy tip-induced deprotonation has been demonstrated experimentally and can be used as an additional control mechanism in electric-field induced molecular switching. The goal of the current work is to establish whether (de)protonation can be used to inhibit or enhance the electric field controlled thermal and photoisomerization processes. Dihydroxyazobenzene is used as a model system, where protonation/deprotonation of the free hydroxyl moiety changes the azo bond order, and so modifies the rate of electric field induced isomerization. Through the combined action of deprotonation and applied field, it was found that the cis-to-trans thermal isomerization barrier could be completely removed, changing the isomerization half-life from the order of several months. In addition, due to the presence of multiple isomerization mechanisms, electric fields could modify the isomerization kinetics by increasing the number of energetically viable isomerization pathways, rather than reducing the activation barrier of the lowest energy pathway. Excited state calculations indicated that the protonation state and electric field could be used together to control the presence of electronic degeneracies along the rotation pathway between S0/S1, and along all three pathways between S1/S2. This work provides insight into the mechanisms that enable the use of protonation state, light, and electric fields in concert to control molecular switches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Irma Avdic
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40208, USA.
| | - Meagan N Haase
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40208, USA.
| | - Thomas Dane Pike
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40208, USA.
| | - Lee M Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40208, USA.
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20
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Sen A, Rajaraman G. Does the Spin State and Oriented External Electric Field Boost the Efficiency of Fe(II) Pincer Catalyst toward CO 2 Hydrogenation Reaction? Inorg Chem 2023; 62:2342-2358. [PMID: 36689485 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c04119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we have explored the catalytic reactivities of four PNP-pincer supported Fe(II) complexes, namely, [(iPrPNMeP)FeH2(CO)] (1), [(iPrPNMeP)FeH(CO)(BH4)] (2), [(iPrPNHP)FeH2(CO)] (3), and [(iPrPNMeP)FeH(BH4)] (4) (iPrPNMeP = MeN{CH2CH2(PiPr2)}2 and iPrPNHP = HN{CH2CH2(PiPr2)}2) toward reductive CO2 hydrogenation for formate production. Our density functional theory and ab initio complete active space self-consistent field study have identified three fundamental steps in this catalytic transformation: (i) anchoring of the CO2 molecule in the vicinity of the metal using noncovalent interactions, (ii) catalyst regeneration via H2 cleavage, and (iii) formate rebound step leading to catalytic poisoning. The variations in the catalytic efficiency observed among these catalysts were attributed to either easing of steps (i) and (ii) or the hampering step (iii). This can be achieved in various chemical/non-chemical ways, for instance, (a) incorporation of strong-field ligands such as CO facilitating single-state reactivity and eliminating two-state reactivity that generally enhances the rate and (b) inclusion of Lewis acids such as LiOTf and strong bases found to either avoid catalytic poisoning or ease the H-H cleavages, to enhance the rate of reaction (c) evading mixing of excited open-shell singlet states to the ground closed-shell singlet state that hampers the catalytic regeneration. We have probed the role of oriented external electric fields (OEEFs) in the entire mechanistic profile for the best and worst catalyst, and our study suggests that imposing OEEFs opposite to the reaction axis (z-axis) fastens the catalytic regeneration step and, at the same time, hampers catalytic poisoning. The application of OEEFs is found to regulate the energetics of various spin states and can hamper two-state reactivity, therefore increasing the efficiency. Thus, this study provides insights into the CO2 hydrogenation mechanism where the role of bases/Lewis acid, ligand design, spin states, and electric field in a particular direction has been established and is, therefore, likely to pave the way forward for a new generation of catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmita Sen
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai400076, India
| | - Gopalan Rajaraman
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai400076, India
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21
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A catastrophe theory-based model for optimal control of chemical reactions by means of oriented electric fields. Theor Chem Acc 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-023-02959-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThe effect of oriented external electric fields (OEEF) on chemical reactivity has been studied theoretically and computationally in the last decades. A central goal in this research area is to predict the orientation and the smallest amplitude electric field that renders a barrierless chemical process with the smallest possible strength. Recently, a model to find the optimal electric field has been proposed and described (Bofill JM et al., J. Chem. Theory Comput. 18:935, 2022). We here proof that this model is based on catastrophe and optimum control theories. Based on both theories a technical treatment of the model is given and applied to a two-dimensional generic example that provides insight into its nature and capability. Finally, the model is applied to determine the optimal OEEF for the trans-to-cis isomerization of a [3]cumulene derivative.
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22
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Hanaway D, Kennedy CR. Automated Variable Electric-Field DFT Application for Evaluation of Optimally Oriented Electric Fields on Chemical Reactivity. J Org Chem 2023; 88:106-115. [PMID: 36507909 PMCID: PMC9830642 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent theoretical work and experiments at molecular junctions have provided a strong conceptualization for the effects of oriented electric fields (OEFs) on organic reactions. Depending on the axis of application, OEFs can increase (or decrease) the reaction rate or distinguish between isomeric pathways. Despite the conceptual elegance of OEFs, which may be applied externally or induced locally, as tools for catalyzing organic reactions, implementation in synthetically relevant systems has been hampered by inefficiencies in evaluating reaction sensitivity to field effects. Herein, we describe the development of the Automated Variable Electric-Field DFT Application (A.V.E.D.A.) for streamlined evaluation of a reaction's susceptibility to OEFs. This open-source software was designed to be accessible for nonexpert users of computational and programming tools. Following initiation by a single command (and with no subsequent intervention) the Linux workflow manages a series of density functional theory calculations and mathematical manipulations to optimize local-minimum and transition-state structures in oriented electric fields of increasing magnitude. The resulting molecular and reaction dipole moments, field-perturbed geometries, and net effective activation energies are compiled for user interpretation. Ten representative pericyclic reactions that showcase the development and evaluation of A.V.E.D.A. are described.
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23
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How an electric field makes endohedral fullerene an improved catalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2023.114026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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24
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Wilson TR, Morgenstern A, Alexandrova AN, Eberhart ME. Bond Bundle Analysis of Ketosteroid Isomerase. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:9443-9456. [PMID: 36383139 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c03638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Bond bundle analysis is used to investigate enzymatic catalysis in the ketosteroid isomerase (KSI) active site. We identify the unique bonding regions in five KSI systems, including those exposed to applied oriented electric fields and those with amino acid mutations, and calculate the precise redistribution of electron density and other regional properties that accompanies either enhancement or inhibition of KSI catalytic activity. We find that catalytic enhancement results from promoting both inter- and intra-molecular electron density redistribution, between bond bundles and bond wedges within the KSI-docked substrate molecule, in the forward direction of the catalyzed reaction. Though the redistribution applies to both types of perturbed systems and is thus suggestive of a general catalytic role, we observe that bond properties (e.g., volume vs energy vs electron count) can respond independently and disproportionately depending on the type of perturbation. We conclude that the resulting catalytic enhancement/inhibition proceeds via different mechanisms, where some bond properties are utilized more by one type of perturbation than the other. Additionally, we find that the correlations between bond wedge properties and catalyzed reaction barrier energies are additive to predict those of bond bundles and atomic basins, providing a rigorous grounding for connecting changes in local charge density to resulting shifts in reaction barrier energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy R Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, 1500 Illinois Street, Golden, Colorado 80004, United States
| | - Amanda Morgenstern
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, UCCS, 1420 Austin Bluffs Pkwy, Colorado Springs, Colorado 80918, United States
| | - Anastassia N Alexandrova
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - M E Eberhart
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, 1500 Illinois Street, Golden, Colorado 80004, United States
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25
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Peng W, Yan S, Zhang X, Liao L, Zhang J, Shaik S, Wang B. How Do Preorganized Electric Fields Function in Catalytic Cycles? The Case of the Enzyme Tyrosine Hydroxylase. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:20484-20494. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People Republic of China
| | - Shengheng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People Republic of China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People Republic of China
| | - Langxing Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People Republic of China
| | - Jinyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People Republic of China
| | - Sason Shaik
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9190407 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Binju Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People Republic of China
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26
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Ke C, Lin Z, Liu S. Three-Dimensional Activity Volcano Plot under an External Electric Field. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c04961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Changming Ke
- Key Laboratory for Quantum Materials of Zhejiang Province, Department of Physics, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou310030, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou310024, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zijing Lin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscales, CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230026, China
| | - Shi Liu
- Key Laboratory for Quantum Materials of Zhejiang Province, Department of Physics, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou310030, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou310024, Zhejiang, China
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27
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Diao W, Yan S, Farrell JD, Wang B, Ye F, Wang Z. Preorganized Internal Electric Field Powers Catalysis in the Active Site of Uracil-DNA Glycosylase. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c02886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Diao
- Center for Advanced Materials Research, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, China
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Shengheng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - James D. Farrell
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Binju Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Fangfu Ye
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325001, China
| | - Zhanfeng Wang
- Center for Advanced Materials Research, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, China
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28
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Isamura BK, Lobb KA. AMADAR: a python-based package for large scale prediction of Diels-Alder transition state geometries and IRC path analysis. J Cheminform 2022; 14:39. [PMID: 35706060 PMCID: PMC9202188 DOI: 10.1186/s13321-022-00618-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Predicting transition state geometries is one of the most challenging tasks in computational chemistry, which often requires expert-based knowledge and permanent human intervention. This short communication reports technical details and preliminary results of a python-based tool (AMADAR) designed to generate any Diels–Alder (DA) transition state geometry (TS) and analyze determined IRC paths in a (quasi-)automated fashion, given the product SMILES. Two modules of the package are devoted to performing, from IRC paths, reaction force analyses (RFA) and atomic (fragment) decompositions of the reaction force F and reaction force constant \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\kappa$$\end{document}κ. The performance of the protocol has been assessed using a dataset of 2000 DA cycloadducts retrieved from the ZINC database. The sequential location of the corresponding TSs was achieved with a success rate of 95%. RFA plots confirmed the reaction force constant \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\kappa$$\end{document}κ to be a good indicator of the (non)synchronicity of the associated DA reactions. Moreover, the atomic decomposition of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\kappa$$\end{document}κ allows for the rationalization of the (a)synchronicity of each DA reaction in terms of contributions stemming from pairs of interacting atoms. The source code of the AMADAR tool is available on GitHub [CMCDD/AMADAR(github.com)] and can be used directly with minor customizations, mostly regarding the local working environment of the user.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bienfait K Isamura
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa
| | - Kevin A Lobb
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa. .,Research Unit in BioInformatics (RUBi), Rhodes University, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa.
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29
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Pan Y, Wang X, Zhang W, Tang L, Mu Z, Liu C, Tian B, Fei M, Sun Y, Su H, Gao L, Wang P, Duan X, Ma J, Ding M. Boosting the performance of single-atom catalysts via external electric field polarization. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3063. [PMID: 35654804 PMCID: PMC9163078 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30766-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-atom catalysts represent a unique catalytic system with high atomic utilization and tunable reaction pathway. Despite current successes in their optimization and tailoring through structural and synthetic innovations, there is a lack of dynamic modulation approach for the single-atom catalysis. Inspired by the electrostatic interaction within specific natural enzymes, here we show the performance of model single-atom catalysts anchored on two-dimensional atomic crystals can be systematically and efficiently tuned by oriented external electric fields. Superior electrocatalytic performance have been achieved in single-atom catalysts under electrostatic modulations. Theoretical investigations suggest a universal "onsite electrostatic polarization" mechanism, in which electrostatic fields significantly polarize charge distributions at the single-atom sites and alter the kinetics of the rate determining steps, leading to boosted reaction performances. Such field-induced on-site polarization offers a unique strategy for simulating the catalytic processes in natural enzyme systems with quantitative, precise and dynamic external electric fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanghang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinzhu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weiyang Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lingyu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhangyan Mu
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bailin Tian
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Muchun Fei
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yamei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huanhuan Su
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Libo Gao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Xiangfeng Duan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Jing Ma
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Mengning Ding
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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30
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Long T, Wan H, Zhang J, Wu J, Liang JX, Zhu C. The High-Effective Catalytic Degradation of Benzo[a]pyrene by Mn-Corrolazine Regulated by Oriented External Electric Field: Insight From DFT Study. Front Chem 2022; 10:884105. [PMID: 35720998 PMCID: PMC9201028 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.884105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The degradation of BaP into hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene by Mn-corrolazine and its regulation by an oriented external electronic field (OEEF) were systematically studied using first-principle calculations. Extensive density function calculations showed that the degradation of BaP into hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene by Mn-corrolazine occurs via a three-step process in the absence of OEEF, in which a more toxic and stable epoxide intermediate is generated. However, upon application of OEEF along the intrinsic Mn-O reaction axis, the degradation of BaP into hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene is greatly simplified. The negative charge on the terminal O atom of Mn-OO corrolazine increases with an increase in the OEEF intensity. As the intensity of the OEEF increases over 0.004 a.u., the negatively charged terminal O atom has the ability to directly abstract the positively charged H atom of BaP and the degradation of BaP into hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene can be completed via a one-step process, avoiding the production of more toxic epoxide intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tairen Long
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Haiyan Wan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | | | - Jie Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jin-Xia Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- *Correspondence: Jin-Xia Liang, ; Chun Zhu,
| | - Chun Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- *Correspondence: Jin-Xia Liang, ; Chun Zhu,
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31
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Geoffroy-Neveux A, Labet V, Alikhani ME. Influence of an Oriented External Electric Field on the Mechanism of Double Proton Transfer between Pyrazole and Guanidine: from an Asynchronous Plateau Transition State to a Synchronous or Stepwise Mechanism. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:3057-3071. [PMID: 35544749 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c10553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The double proton transfer (DPT) reaction between pyrazole and guanidine, a concerted reaction but strongly asynchronous and presenting a "plateau transition region", has been theoretically reinvestigated in the presence of an external uniform electric field. First, we computed the reaction path by DFT and proposed a very detailed description of the constitutive electronic events, based on the ELF topology and the bond evolution theory. Then, we studied the effect of an oriented external electric field (OEEF) on the reaction mechanism, for an OEEF oriented along the proton transfer axis. We observe that in one direction, the DPT reaction can be transformed into a stepwise reaction, going through a stabilized single proton transferred intermediate. Contrarily, the two proton transfers occur simultaneously when the electric field is applied in the opposite direction. In the latter case, the order in which the two protons are transferred in the same elementary step can even be reversed if the OEEF is intense enough. Finally, it has been shown that the evolution of the double proton transfer reaction in the presence of an electric field could be quantitatively anticipated by analyzing the ELF value at the bifurcation point between V(A, H) proton donor and V(B) proton acceptor of the double hydrogen bonded complex in the entrance channel.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vanessa Labet
- MONARIS UMR 8233 CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - M Esmail Alikhani
- MONARIS UMR 8233 CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
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32
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Zhang M, Li W, Zhou Z, Zhuo S, Su Z. Green Catalytic Method for Hydrothiolation of Allylamines: An External Electric Field. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:5782-5790. [PMID: 35224338 PMCID: PMC8867569 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Based on the idea of environmental friendliness, we first studied the hydrothiolation reactions of thiophenol with allylamine using a green catalyst-an external electric field (EEF). The hydrothiolation reactions could occur through Markovnikov addition (path M) and anti-Markovnikov addition (path AM) pathways. The calculation results demonstrated that when the EEF was oriented along F -X , F -Y , and F +Z directions, path M was accelerated. However, it is favorable for path AM only when the EEF is oriented along the +X and -Y-axes. In addition, the introduction of the EEF further increased and lowered the differences of the reaction barrier as the EEF was oriented along F -X , F -Y , and F +X directions. The solvent effects were also considered in this work. Hopefully, this unprecedented and green catalytic method for the hydrothiolation reactions of allylamine may provide guidance in the lab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxia Zhang
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong
University of Technology, Zibo 255049, Shandong, China
| | - Wenzuo Li
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai
University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Ziyan Zhou
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong
University of Technology, Zibo 255049, Shandong, China
| | - Shuping Zhuo
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong
University of Technology, Zibo 255049, Shandong, China
| | - Zhongmin Su
- Institute
of Functional Material Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National
& Local United Engineering Lab for Power Battery, Northeast Normal University, Jilin 130024, China
- Shandong
Engineering Research Center of Green and High-value Marine Fine Chemical, Weifang University of Science and Technology, Shouguang 262700, China
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33
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Bofill JM, Quapp W, Albareda G, Moreira IDPR, Ribas-Ariño J. Controlling Chemical Reactivity with Optimally Oriented Electric Fields: A Generalization of the Newton Trajectory Method. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:935-952. [PMID: 35044173 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The use of oriented external electric fields (OEEF) as a tool to accelerate chemical reactions has recently attracted much interest. A new model to calculate the optimal OEEF of the least intensity to induce a barrierless chemical reaction path is presented. A suitable ansatz is provided by defining an effective potential energy surface (PES), which considers the unperturbed or original PES of the molecular reactive system and the action of a constant OEEF on the overall dipole moment of system. Based on a generalization of the Newton Trajectories (NT) method, it is demonstrated that the optimal OEEF can be determined upon locating a special point of the potential energy surface (PES), the so-called "optimal bond-breaking point" (optimal BBP), for which two different algorithms are proposed. At this point, the gradient of the original or unperturbed PES is an eigenvector of zero eigenvalue of the Hessian matrix of the effective PES. A thorough discussion of the geometrical aspects of the optimal BBP and the optimal OEEF is provided using a two-dimensional model, and numerical calculations of the optimal OEEF for a SN2 reaction and the 1,3-dipolar retrocycloaddition of isoxazole to fulminic acid plus acetylene reaction serve as a proof of concept. The knowledge of the orientation of optimal OEEF provides a practical way to reduce the effective barrier of a given chemical process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Maria Bofill
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional, (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Wolfgang Quapp
- Mathematisches Institut, Universität Leipzig, PF 100920, D-04009 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Guillermo Albareda
- Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional, (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter and Center for Free Electron Laser Science, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ibério de P R Moreira
- Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional, (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física, Secció de Química Física, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Ribas-Ariño
- Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional, (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física, Secció de Química Física, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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34
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Yadav P, Rai PK, Mallick S, Kumar P. External Electric Field to Control the Diels-Alder Reactions of Endohedral Fullerene. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:11131-11136. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01267g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The present work investigates the role of the External Electric Field (EEF) on a Diels-Alder reaction of endohedral fullerene by means of chemical kinetics and quantum chemical calculations. The investigation...
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35
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Prah A, Mavri J, Stare J. An electrostatic duel: subtle differences in the catalytic performance of monoamine oxidase A and B isoenzymes elucidated at the residue level using quantum computations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:26459-26467. [PMID: 34806105 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03993h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The origin of the immense catalytic power of enzymes remains one of the biggest unresolved questions in biochemistry, with electrostatics being one of the main contenders. Herein, we report results that not only confirm that electrostatics is the driving force behind enzyme catalysis, but also that it is capable of tuning subtle differences in the catalytic performance between structurally similar enzymes, as demonstrated using the example of isoenzymes, monoamine oxidases A and B. Using our own computationally efficient multiscale model [A. Prah, et al., ACS Catal., 2019, 9, 1231] we analyzed the rate-limiting step of the reaction between phenylethylamine and both isoenzymes and deduced that the electrostatic environment provided by isoenzyme B has a perceivably higher catalytic influence on all the considered parameters of the reaction (energy barrier, charge transfer, dipole moment, and HOMO-LUMO gap). This is in full agreement with the available experimental kinetic data and with our own simulations of the reaction in question. In-depth analysis of individual amino acid contributions of both isoenzymes to the barrier (based on the interaction between the electric field provided by the enzyme and the dipole moment of the reacting moiety) shows that the majority of the difference between the isoenzymes can be attributed to a small number of sizable differences between the aligned amino acid pairs, whereas in most of the pairs the difference in contribution to the barrier is vanishingly small. These results suggest that electrostatics largely controls the substrate selectivity of enzymes and validates our approach as being capable of discerning fine nuances in the selectivity of structurally related isoenzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alja Prah
- Theory Department, National Institute of Chemistry, Slovenia. .,University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Slovenia
| | - Janez Mavri
- Theory Department, National Institute of Chemistry, Slovenia.
| | - Jernej Stare
- Theory Department, National Institute of Chemistry, Slovenia.
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36
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Cassone G, Sponer J, Saija F. Molecular dissociation and proton transfer in aqueous methane solution under an electric field. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:25649-25657. [PMID: 34782902 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04202e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Methane-water mixtures are ubiquitous in our solar system and they have been the subject of a wide variety of experimental, theoretical, and computational studies aimed at understanding their behaviour under disparate thermodynamic scenarios, up to extreme planetary ice conditions of pressures and temperatures [Lee and Scandolo, Nat. Commun., 2011, 2, 185]. Although it is well known that electric fields, by interacting with condensed matter, can produce a range of catalytic effects which can be similar to those observed when material systems are pressurised, to the best of our knowledge, no quantum-based computational investigations of methane-water mixtures under an electric field have been reported so far. Here we present a study relying upon state-of-the-art ab initio molecular dynamics simulations where a liquid aqueous methane solution is exposed to strong oriented static and homogeneous electric fields. It turns out that a series of field-induced effects on the dipoles, polarisation, and the electronic structure of both methane and water molecules are recorded. Moreover, upon increasing the field strength, increasing fractions of water molecules are not only re-oriented towards the field direction, but are also dissociated by the field, leading to the release of oxonium and hydroxyde ions in the mixture. However, in contrast to what is observed upon pressurisation (∼50 GPa), where the presence of the water counterions triggers methane ionisation and other reactions, methane molecules preserve their integrity up to the strongest field explored (i.e., 0.50 V Å-1). Interestingly, neither the field-induced molecular dissociation of neat water (i.e., 0.30 V Å-1) nor the proton conductivity typical of pure aqueous samples at these field regimes (i.e., 1.3 S cm-1) are affected by the presence of hydrophobic interactions, at least in a methane-water mixture containing a molar fraction of 40% methane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Cassone
- Institute for Chemical-Physical Processes, National Research Council of Italy (IPCF-CNR), Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 37, 98158 Messina, Italy.
| | - Jiri Sponer
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolska 135, 61265 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Franz Saija
- Institute for Chemical-Physical Processes, National Research Council of Italy (IPCF-CNR), Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 37, 98158 Messina, Italy.
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37
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Breaking the chiral mirror of alanine with dipole moment and oriented electric field: Violations of parity degeneracy and a possible answer to nature’s homochirality. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2021.113446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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38
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Xu X, Yan S, Hou X, Song W, Wang L, Wu T, Qi M, Wu J, Rao Y, Wang B, Liu L. Local Electric Field Modulated Reactivity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Acid Phosphatase for Enhancing Phosphorylation of l-Ascorbic Acid. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c04200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Shengheng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen 360015, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Wei Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Tianfu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Mengya Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Jing Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Yijian Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Binju Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen 360015, P. R. China
| | - Liming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
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39
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Van Lommel R, Verschueren RH, De Borggraeve WM, De Vleeschouwer F, Stuyver T. Can the Philicity of Radicals Be Influenced by Oriented External Electric Fields? Org Lett 2021; 24:1-5. [PMID: 34652164 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Herein, the effects of an electric field on radicals are investigated for a set of model radicals with varying complexity. An electric field impacts the intrinsic philicity of a radical, as quantified by the global electrophilicity index, ω. The extent of change in philicity depends on the directionality and strength of the applied electric field and the dipole moment and polarizability of the radical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Van Lommel
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven Chem&Tech, Box 2404, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.,Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC), Department of Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rik H Verschueren
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven Chem&Tech, Box 2404, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim M De Borggraeve
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven Chem&Tech, Box 2404, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Freija De Vleeschouwer
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC), Department of Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thijs Stuyver
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC), Department of Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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40
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Ibrahim MAA, Kamel AAK, Soliman MES, Moustafa MF, El-Mageed HRA, Taha F, Mohamed LA, Moussa NAM. Effect of External Electric Field on Tetrel Bonding Interactions in (FTF 3···FH) Complexes (T = C, Si, Ge, and Sn). ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:25476-25485. [PMID: 34632205 PMCID: PMC8495869 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A quantum chemical study was accomplished on the σ-hole interactions of the barely explored group IV elements, for the first time, in the absence and presence of the positively and negatively directed external electric field (EEF). The analyses of molecular electrostatic potential addressed the occurrence of the σ-hole on all the inspected tetrel atoms, confirming their salient versatility to engage in σ-hole interactions. MP2 energetic findings disclosed the occurrence of favorable σ-hole interactions within the tetrel bonding complexes. The tetrel bonding interactions became stronger in the order of C < Si < Ge < Sn for F-T-F3···FH complexes with the largest interaction energy amounting to -19.43 kcal/mol for the optimized F-Sn-F3···FH complex under the influence of +0.020 au EEF. The interaction energy conspicuously evolved by boosting the magnitude of the positively directed EEF value and declining the negatively directed EEF one. The decomposition analysis for the interaction energies was also executed in terms of symmetry-adapted perturbation theory, illuminating the dominant electrostatic contribution to all the studied complexes' interactions except carbon-based interactions controlled by dispersion forces. The outcomes that emerged from the current work reported significantly how the direction and strength of the EEF affect the tetrel-bonding interactions, leading to further improvements in the forthcoming studies of supramolecular chemistry and materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A. A. Ibrahim
- Computational
Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Afnan A. K. Kamel
- Computational
Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud E. S. Soliman
- Molecular
Bio-computation and Drug Design Lab, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Mahmoud F. Moustafa
- Department
of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid
University, Abha 9004, Saudi Arabia
- Department
of Botany & Microbiology, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
| | - H. R. Abd El-Mageed
- Micro-Analysis,
Environmental Research and Community Affairs Center (MAESC), Faculty
of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Fouad Taha
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Lamiaa A. Mohamed
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Nayra A. M. Moussa
- Computational
Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
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41
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Kapon Y, Saha A, Duanis-Assaf T, Stuyver T, Ziv A, Metzger T, Yochelis S, Shaik S, Naaman R, Reches M, Paltiel Y. Evidence for new enantiospecific interaction force in chiral biomolecules. Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2021.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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42
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Avdic I, Kempfer-Robertson EM, Thompson LM. Oriented External Electric Field Tuning of Unsubstituted Azoheteroarene Thermal Isomerization Half-Lives. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:8238-8248. [PMID: 34494847 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c06102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Azoheteroarenes are relatively new photoswitchable compounds, where one of the phenyl rings of an azobenzene molecule is replaced by a heteroaromatic five-membered ring. Recent findings on methylated azoheteroarenes show that these photoswitches have potential in various optically addressable applications. The thermal stability of molecular switches is one of the primary factors considered in the design process. For molecular memory or energy storage devices, long thermal relaxation times are required. However, inducing a short thermal isomerization lifetime is required to release stored energy or as an alternative to photoswitching to avoid overlapping absorption spectra that reduce switching fidelity. In this study, we investigate how oriented external electric fields can be used to tune the thermal isomerization properties of three unsubstituted heteroaryl azo compounds-azoimidazole, azopyrazole, and azopyrrole. We show that favorable electric field orientations can increase the thermal half-life of studied molecules by as much as 60 times or reduce it from tens of days to seconds, compared to their half-life values in the field-free environment. A deeper understanding of the relationship between structure and kinetic properties provides insight as to how molecular switches can be designed for their electric field response in switching applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma Avdic
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40208, United States
| | | | - Lee M Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40208, United States
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43
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Shenderovich IG, Denisov GS. Modeling of the Response of Hydrogen Bond Properties on an External Electric Field: Geometry, NMR Chemical Shift, Spin-Spin Scalar Coupling. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26164967. [PMID: 34443575 PMCID: PMC8399935 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The response of the geometric and NMR properties of molecular systems to an external electric field has been studied theoretically in a wide field range. It has been shown that this adduct under field approach can be used to model the geometric and spectral changes experienced by molecular systems in polar media if the system in question has one and only one bond, the polarizability of which significantly exceeds the polarizability of other bonds. If this requirement is met, then it becomes possible to model even extreme cases, for example, proton dissociation in hydrogen halides. This requirement is fulfilled for many complexes with one hydrogen bond. For such complexes, this approach can be used to facilitate a detailed analysis of spectral changes associated with geometric changes in the hydrogen bond. For example, in hydrogen-bonded complexes of isocyanide C≡15N-1H⋯X, 1J(15N1H) depends exclusively on the N-H distance, while δ(15N) is also slightly influenced by the nature of X.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya G. Shenderovich
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitaetstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Gleb S. Denisov
- Department of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia;
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44
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Cassone G, Sponer J, Saija F. Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Studies of the Electric-Field-Induced Catalytic Effects on Liquids. Top Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-021-01487-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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45
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Mn-corrolazine-based 2D-nanocatalytic material with single Mn atoms for catalytic oxidation of alkane to alcohol. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(20)63707-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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46
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Chen H, Jiang F, Hu C, Jiao Y, Chen S, Qiu Y, Zhou P, Zhang L, Cai K, Song B, Chen XY, Zhao X, Wasielewski MR, Guo H, Hong W, Stoddart JF. Electron-Catalyzed Dehydrogenation in a Single-Molecule Junction. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:8476-8487. [PMID: 34043344 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c03141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Investigating how electrons propagate through a single molecule is one of the missions of molecular electronics. Electrons, however, are also efficient catalysts for conducting radical reactions, a property that is often overlooked by chemists. Special attention should be paid to electron catalysis when interpreting single-molecule conductance results for the simple reason that an unexpected reaction mediated or triggered by electrons might take place in the single-molecule junction. Here, we describe a counterintuitive structure-property relationship that molecules, both linear and cyclic, employing a saturated bipyridinium-ethane backbone, display a similar conductance signature when compared to junctions formed with molecules containing conjugated bipyridinium-ethene backbones. We describe an ethane-to-ethene transformation, which proceeds in the single-molecule junction by an electron-catalyzed dehydrogenation. Electrochemically based ensemble experiments and theoretical calculations have revealed that the electrons trigger the redox process, and the electric field promotes the dehydrogenation. This finding not only demonstrates the importance of electron catalysis when interpreting experimental results, but also charts a pathway to gaining more insight into the mechanism of electrocatalytic hydrogen production at the single-molecule level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310021, China.,ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou 311215, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Chen Hu
- Center for the Physics of Materials and Department of Physics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2T8, Canada
| | - Yang Jiao
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Su Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Yunyan Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Ping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Kang Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Bo Song
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Xiao-Yang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Xingang Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Michael R Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Hong Guo
- Center for the Physics of Materials and Department of Physics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2T8, Canada
| | - Wenjing Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - J Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310021, China.,School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.,ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou 311215, China
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47
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Yu S, Vermeeren P, Hamlin TA, Bickelhaupt FM. How Oriented External Electric Fields Modulate Reactivity. Chemistry 2021; 27:5683-5693. [PMID: 33289179 PMCID: PMC8049047 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A judiciously oriented external electric field (OEEF) can catalyze a wide range of reactions and can even induce endo/exo stereoselectivity of cycloaddition reactions. The Diels-Alder reaction between cyclopentadiene and maleic anhydride is studied by using quantitative activation strain and Kohn-Sham molecular orbital theory to pinpoint the origin of these catalytic and stereoselective effects. Our quantitative model reveals that an OEEF along the reaction axis induces an enhanced electrostatic and orbital interaction between the reactants, which in turn lowers the reaction barrier. The stronger electrostatic interaction originates from an increased electron density difference between the reactants at the reactive center, and the enhanced orbital interaction arises from the promoted normal electron demand donor-acceptor interaction driven by the OEEF. An OEEF perpendicular to the plane of the reaction axis solely stabilizes the exo pathway of this reaction, whereas the endo pathway remains unaltered and efficiently steers the endo/exo stereoselectivity. The influence of the OEEF on the inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reaction is also investigated; unexpectedly, it inhibits the reaction, as the electric field now suppresses the critical inverse electron demand donor-acceptor interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Yu
- Department of Theoretical ChemistryAmsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS)Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM)Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 10831081HVAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Pascal Vermeeren
- Department of Theoretical ChemistryAmsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS)Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM)Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 10831081HVAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Trevor A. Hamlin
- Department of Theoretical ChemistryAmsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS)Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM)Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 10831081HVAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - F. Matthias Bickelhaupt
- Department of Theoretical ChemistryAmsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS)Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM)Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 10831081HVAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Institute for Molecules and Materials (IMM)Radboud UniversityHeyendaalseweg 1356525 AJNijmegenThe Netherlands
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48
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Wang WW, Shang FL, Zhao X. Switchable (2 + 2) and (4 + 2) Cycloadditions on Boron Nitride Nanotubes under Oriented External Electric Fields: A Mechanistic Study. J Org Chem 2021; 86:3785-3791. [PMID: 33595307 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The (2 + 2) and (4 + 2) cycloadditions are important approaches for the functional derivatizations of nanocarbon and hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) materials. However, as two competing reactions with similar reactivity, it is difficult to control the type of reactions and the corresponding adducts in practice. Here, we introduced a mechanistic study of the oriented external electric field (OEEF)-modulated cycloadditions of pristine and substituted benzynes on the zigzag boron nitride nanotubes. Owing to the distinct charge transfer directions between the competing (2 + 2) and (4 + 2) reactions and the resultant distinct responses of the barriers to the fields along the tube axis, we found that OEEF plays opposing catalytic roles in these two types of reactions and the effect of electric field as a catalyst or inhibitor can be easily reversed by flipping the field vector to achieve selective reactions and products at will.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Aerospace, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.,Institute of Molecular Science & Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Fu-Lin Shang
- State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Aerospace, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Xiang Zhao
- Institute of Molecular Science & Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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49
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Modeling of Solute-Solvent Interactions Using an External Electric Field-From Tautomeric Equilibrium in Nonpolar Solvents to the Dissociation of Alkali Metal Halides. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26051283. [PMID: 33652943 PMCID: PMC7956811 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An implicit account of the solvent effect can be carried out using traditional static quantum chemistry calculations by applying an external electric field to the studied molecular system. This approach allows one to distinguish between the effects of the macroscopic reaction field of the solvent and specific solute-solvent interactions. In this study, we report on the dependence of the simulation results on the use of the polarizable continuum approximation and on the importance of the solvent effect in nonpolar solvents. The latter was demonstrated using experimental data on tautomeric equilibria between the pyridone and hydroxypyridine forms of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-pyridine in cyclohexane and chloroform.
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50
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Hennefarth MR, Alexandrova AN. Heterogeneous Intramolecular Electric Field as a Descriptor of Diels–Alder Reactivity. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:1289-1298. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Hennefarth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Anastassia N. Alexandrova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
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