1
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Zheng K, Wu M, Zhu J, Zhang W, Liu S, Zhang X, Wu Y, Li L, Li B, Liu W, Hu J, Liu C, Zhu J, Pan Y, Zhou M, Sun Y, Xie Y. Breaking the Activity-Selectivity Trade-off for CH 4-to-C 2H 6 Photoconversion. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:12233-12242. [PMID: 38626786 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Photocatalytic conversion of methane (CH4) to ethane (C2H6) has attracted extensive attention from academia and industry. Typically, the traditional oxidative coupling of CH4 (OCM) reaches a high C2H6 productivity, yet the inevitable overoxidation limits the target product selectivity. Although the traditional nonoxidative coupling of CH4 (NOCM) can improve the product selectivity, it still encounters unsatisfied activity, arising from being thermodynamically unfavorable. To break the activity-selectivity trade-off, we propose a conceptually new mechanism of H2O2-triggered CH4 coupling, where the H2O2-derived ·OH radicals are rapidly consumed for activating CH4 into ·CH3 radicals exothermically, which bypasses the endothermic steps of the direct CH4 activation by photoholes and the interaction between ·CH3 and ·OH radicals, affirmed by in situ characterization techniques, femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, and density-functional theory calculation. By this pathway, the designed Au-WO3 nanosheets achieve unprecedented C2H6 productivity of 76.3 mol molAu-1 h-1 with 95.2% selectivity, and TON of 1542.7 (TOF = 77.1 h-1) in a self-designed flow reactor, outperforming previously reported photocatalysts regardless of OCM and NOCM pathways. Also, under outdoor natural sunlight irradiation, the Au-WO3 nanosheets exhibit similar activity and selectivity toward C2H6 production, showing the possibility for practical applications. Interestingly, this strategy can be applied to other various photocatalysts (Au-WO3, Au-TiO2, Au-CeO2, Pd-WO3, and Ag-WO3), showing a certain universality. It is expected that the proposed mechanism adds another layer to our understanding of CH4-to-C2H6 conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zheng
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Mingyu Wu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Juncheng Zhu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Siying Liu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yang Wu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Li Li
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Bangwang Li
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Wenxiu Liu
- Instruments Center for Physical Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jun Hu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Chengyuan Liu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Junfa Zhu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yang Pan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Meng Zhou
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yongfu Sun
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yi Xie
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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2
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Nomellini C, Polo A, Mesa CA, Pastor E, Marra G, Grigioni I, Dozzi MV, Giménez S, Selli E. Improved Photoelectrochemical Performance of WO 3/BiVO 4 Heterojunction Photoanodes via WO 3 Nanostructuring. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15. [PMID: 37921705 PMCID: PMC10658457 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c10869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
WO3/BiVO4 heterojunction photoanodes can be efficiently employed in photoelectrochemical (PEC) cells for the conversion of water into molecular oxygen, the kinetic bottleneck of water splitting. Composite WO3/BiVO4 photoelectrodes possessing a nanoflake-like morphology have been synthesized through a multistep process and their PEC performance was investigated in comparison to that of WO3/BiVO4 photoelectrodes displaying a planar surface morphology and similar absorption properties and thickness. PEC tests, also in the presence of a sacrificial hole scavenger, electrochemical impedance analysis under simulated solar irradiation, and incident photon to current efficiency measurements highlighted that charge transport and charge recombination issues affecting the performance of the planar composite can be successfully overcome by nanostructuring the WO3 underlayer in nanoflake-like WO3/BiVO4 heterojunction electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Nomellini
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università degli Studi
di Milano, Via C. Golgi 19, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Annalisa Polo
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università degli Studi
di Milano, Via C. Golgi 19, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Camilo A. Mesa
- Institute
of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat
Jaume I, Avenida de Vicent Sos Baynat, S/N, 12006 Castelló, Spain
| | - Ernest Pastor
- Institute
of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat
Jaume I, Avenida de Vicent Sos Baynat, S/N, 12006 Castelló, Spain
- IPR−Institut
de Physique de Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6251 Université de Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Gianluigi Marra
- Eni
S.p.A Novara Laboratories (NOLAB) Renewable, New Energies and Material
Science Research Center (DE-R&D) Via G. Fauser 4, I-28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Ivan Grigioni
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università degli Studi
di Milano, Via C. Golgi 19, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Vittoria Dozzi
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università degli Studi
di Milano, Via C. Golgi 19, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Sixto Giménez
- Institute
of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat
Jaume I, Avenida de Vicent Sos Baynat, S/N, 12006 Castelló, Spain
| | - Elena Selli
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università degli Studi
di Milano, Via C. Golgi 19, I-20133 Milano, Italy
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3
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Grigioni I, Polo A, Nomellini C, Vigni L, Poma A, Dozzi MV, Selli E. Nature of Charge Carrier Recombination in CuWO 4 Photoanodes for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting. ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS 2023; 6:10020-10029. [PMID: 37830012 PMCID: PMC10565723 DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.3c01608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
CuWO4 is a ternary semiconductor oxide with excellent visible light harvesting properties up to 550 nm and stability at high pH values, which make it a suitable material to build photoanodes for solar light conversion to hydrogen via water splitting. In this work, we studied the photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance of transparent CuWO4 electrodes with tunable light absorption and thickness, aiming at identifying the intrinsic bottlenecks of photogenerated charge carriers in this semiconductor. We found that electrodes with optimal CuWO4 thickness exhibit visible light activity due to the absorption of long-wavelength photons and a balanced electron and hole extraction from the oxide. The PEC performance of CuWO4 is light-intensity-dependent, with charge recombination increasing with light intensity and most photogenerated charge carriers recombining in bulk sites, as demonstrated by PEC tests performed in the presence of sacrificial agents or cocatalysts. The best-performing 580 nm thick CuWO4 electrode delivers a photocurrent of 0.37 mA cm-2 at 1.23 VSHE, with a 7% absorbed photon to current efficiency over the CuWO4 absorption spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Grigioni
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Annalisa Polo
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara Nomellini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Laura Vigni
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Poma
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Vittoria Dozzi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Elena Selli
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
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4
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Di Liberto G, Tosoni S. Band Edges Engineering of 2D/2D Heterostructures: The C 3 N 4 /Phosphorene Interface. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202200791. [PMID: 36399544 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the interface between carbon nitride (C3 N4 ) and phosphorene nanosheets (P-ene) by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. C3 N4 /P-ene composites have been recently obtained experimentally showing excellent photoactivity. Our results indicate that the formation of the interface is a favorable process driven by Van der Waals forces. The thickness of P-ene nanosheets determines the band edges offsets and the charge carriers' separation. The system is predicted to pass from a nearly type-II to a type-I junction when the thickness of P-ene increases, and the conduction band offset is particularly sensitive. Last, we apply the Transfer Matrix Method to estimate the efficiency for charge carriers' migration as a function of the P-ene thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Di Liberto
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università di Milano-Bicocca, via Cozzi 55, 20125, Milano, Italy
| | - Sergio Tosoni
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università di Milano-Bicocca, via Cozzi 55, 20125, Milano, Italy
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5
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Grigioni I, Polo A, Dozzi MV, Stamplecoskie KG, Jara DH, Kamat PV, Selli E. Enhanced Charge Carrier Separation in WO 3/BiVO 4 Photoanodes Achieved via Light Absorption in the BiVO 4 Layer. ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS 2022; 5:13142-13148. [PMID: 36465258 PMCID: PMC9709765 DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.2c02597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting converts solar light and water into oxygen and energy-rich hydrogen. WO3/BiVO4 heterojunction photoanodes perform much better than the separate oxide components, though internal charge recombination undermines their PEC performance when both oxides absorb light. Here we exploit the BiVO4 layer to sensitize WO3 to visible light and shield it from direct photoexcitation to overcome this efficiency loss. PEC experiments and ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy performed by frontside (through BiVO4) or backside (through WO3) irradiating photoanodes with different BiVO4 layer thickness demonstrate that irradiation through BiVO4 is beneficial for charge separation. Optimized electrodes irradiated through BiVO4 show 40% higher photocurrent density compared to backside irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Grigioni
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università degli Studi
di Milano, Via Golgi 19, Milano20133, Italy
| | - Annalisa Polo
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università degli Studi
di Milano, Via Golgi 19, Milano20133, Italy
| | - Maria Vittoria Dozzi
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università degli Studi
di Milano, Via Golgi 19, Milano20133, Italy
| | | | - Danilo H. Jara
- Facultad
de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad
Adolfo Ibáñez, Avenida Padre Hurtado 750, Viña del
Mar7941169, Chile
| | - Prashant V. Kamat
- Radiation
Laboratory, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana46556, United States
| | - Elena Selli
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università degli Studi
di Milano, Via Golgi 19, Milano20133, Italy
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6
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Zhao Z, Qu M, Zhu M, Shi H, Luo X, Guo T, Sun Q, Wang L, Zheng H. Crystal Facet-Modulated WO 3 Nanoplate Photoanode for Photoelectrochemical Glyoxal Semi-oxidation into Glyoxylic Acid. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:48752-48761. [PMID: 36251536 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c14442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Transforming glyoxal to value-added glyoxylic acid (GA) is highly desirable but challenging due to the uncontrollable over-oxidation. In this work, we report on a first demonstration of semi-oxidation of glyoxal with high selectivity (86.5%) and activity on WO3 nanoplate photoanode through the photoelectrochemical strategy. The optimization of reactivity was achieved via crystal facet regulation, showing a satisfactory GA production rate of 308.4 mmol m-2 h-2, 84.0% faradaic efficiency, and 4.3% total solar-to-glyoxylic acid efficiency on WO3 with enriched {200} facets at 1.6 V versus RHE. WO3 with a high {200} facet ratio exhibits more efficient electron-hole transfer kinetics, resulting in the facilitated formation of hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and glyoxal radicals. Meanwhile, the theoretical calculation results indicate that the high selectivity and activity come from the strong adsorption ability for glyoxal and the low reaction energy for glyoxal radical generation on the (200) facets of WO3. Moreover, the high energy demand toward oxalic acid production on WO3 leads to the exciting semi-oxidation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhefei Zhao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou310032, P. R. China
| | - Mengnan Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou215123, P. R. China
| | - Mengkai Zhu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou310032, P. R. China
| | - Hongmei Shi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou310032, P. R. China
| | - Xingyu Luo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou310032, P. R. China
| | - Tianyang Guo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou310032, P. R. China
| | - Qiao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou215123, P. R. China
| | - Lianzhou Wang
- Nanomaterials Centre, School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland4072, Australia
| | - Huajun Zheng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou310032, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou310032, P. R. China
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7
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Wu H, Zhang L, Du A, Irani R, van de Krol R, Abdi FF, Ng YH. Low-bias photoelectrochemical water splitting via mediating trap states and small polaron hopping. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6231. [PMID: 36266344 PMCID: PMC9585101 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33905-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal oxides are promising for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting due to their robustness and low cost. However, poor charge carrier transport impedes their activity, particularly at low-bias voltage. Here we demonstrate the unusual effectiveness of phosphorus doping into bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) photoanode for efficient low-bias PEC water splitting. The resulting BiVO4 photoanode shows a separation efficiency of 80% and 99% at potentials as low as 0.6 and 1.0 VRHE, respectively. Theoretical simulation and experimental analysis collectively verify that the record performance originates from the unique phosphorus-doped BiVO4 configuration with concurrently mediated carrier density, trap states, and small polaron hopping. With NiFeOx cocatalyst, the BiVO4 photoanode achieves an applied bias photon-to-current efficiency of 2.21% at 0.6 VRHE. The mechanistic understanding of the enhancement of BiVO4 properties provides key insights in trap state passivation and polaron hopping for most photoactive metal oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Low-Carbon and Climate Impact Research Centre, School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.,City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen Hi-Tech Industrial Park, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Physics and Centre for Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Gardens Point Campus, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
| | - Aijun Du
- School of Chemistry and Physics and Centre for Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Gardens Point Campus, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
| | - Rowshanak Irani
- Institute for Solar Fuels, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, Berlin, 14109, Germany
| | - Roel van de Krol
- Institute for Solar Fuels, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, Berlin, 14109, Germany
| | - Fatwa F Abdi
- Institute for Solar Fuels, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, Berlin, 14109, Germany
| | - Yun Hau Ng
- Low-Carbon and Climate Impact Research Centre, School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China. .,City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen Hi-Tech Industrial Park, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, China.
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8
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Ge Y, Guo X, Zhou D, Liu J. Construction and excellent photoelectric synergistic anticorrosion performance of Z-scheme carbon nitride/tungsten oxide heterojunctions. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:12358-12376. [PMID: 35972035 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr03246e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The use of heterojunctions for metal corrosion protection is a highly innovative and challenging task. Based on the composition and structure of tungsten oxide-based heterojunctions, Z-scheme heterojunctions were designed and synthesized by the electrostatic self-assembly method using energy band-matched g-C3N4 and WO3 materials. Applied in the field of anticorrosion, they overcame the problems of poor reduction ability and transmission inefficiency of traditional materials. The Z-scheme heterojunctions ensured unidirectional electron transfer, while the aggregation of the retained strongly reduced electrons on the surface of the iron substrates provided a strong driving force for retarding corrosion occurrence. Meanwhile, the inherent shielding properties of the two-dimensional material g-C3N4 and the confinement of chloride ions as an electroactive layer hindered the penetration of the corrosive solution. After being corroded for 72 h, the corrosion impedance of the g-C3N4/WO3 heterojunction system was improved by 640.11% compared with the epoxy resin coating. In addition, the g-C3N4/W18O49 heterojunction was synthesized by using mixed valence tungsten oxide, which overcame the problems of photogenerated electron yield and lifetime, and enhanced the anticorrosion performance compared with a single g-C3N4 phase. This research provided ideas for designing efficient and environmentally friendly heterojunction anticorrosion materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxiao Ge
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), Shanghai, 200237, P.R. China.
| | - Xiaojiao Guo
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), Shanghai, 200237, P.R. China.
| | - Dan Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), Shanghai, 200237, P.R. China.
| | - Jinku Liu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), Shanghai, 200237, P.R. China.
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9
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Di Liberto G, Cipriano LA, Tosoni S, Pacchioni G. Rational Design of Semiconductor Heterojunctions for Photocatalysis. Chemistry 2021; 27:13306-13317. [PMID: 34264526 PMCID: PMC8518984 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Electronic structure calculations provide a useful complement to experimental characterization tools in the atomic-scale design of semiconductor heterojunctions for photocatalysis. The band alignment of the heterojunction is of fundamental importance to achieve an efficient charge carrier separation, so as to reduce electron/hole recombination and improve photoactivity. The accurate prediction of the offsets of valence and conduction bands in the constituent units is thus of key importance but poses several methodological and practical problems. In this Minireview we address some of these problems by considering selected examples of binary and ternary semiconductor heterojunctions and how these are determined at the level of density functional theory (DFT). The atomically precise description of the interface, the consequent charge polarization, the role of quantum confinement, the possibility to use facet engineering to determine a specific band alignment, are among the effects discussed, with particular attention to pros and cons of each one of these aspects. This analysis shows the increasingly important role of accurate electronic structure calculations to drive the design and the preparation of new interfaces with desired properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Di Liberto
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei MaterialiUniversità di Milano – BicoccaVia R. Cozzi 5520125MilanoItaly
| | - Luis A. Cipriano
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei MaterialiUniversità di Milano – BicoccaVia R. Cozzi 5520125MilanoItaly
| | - Sergio Tosoni
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei MaterialiUniversità di Milano – BicoccaVia R. Cozzi 5520125MilanoItaly
| | - Gianfranco Pacchioni
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei MaterialiUniversità di Milano – BicoccaVia R. Cozzi 5520125MilanoItaly
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10
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BiVO 4 Ceramic Photoanode with Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Stability. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11092404. [PMID: 34578723 PMCID: PMC8466786 DOI: 10.3390/nano11092404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Monoclinic bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) is an attractive material with which to fabricate photoanodes due to its suitable band structure and excellent photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance. However, the poor PEC stability originating from its severe photo-corrosion greatly restricts its practical applications. In this paper, pristine and Mo doped BiVO4 ceramics were prepared using the spark plasma sintering (SPS) method, and their photoelectrochemical properties as photoanodes were investigated. The as-prepared 1% Mo doped BiVO4 ceramic (Mo-BVO (C)) photoanode exhibited enhanced PEC stability compared to 1% Mo doped BiVO4 films on fluorine doped Tin Oxide (FTO) coated glass substrates (Mo-BVO). Mo-BVO (C) exhibited a photocurrent density of 0.54 mA/cm2 and remained stable for 10 h at 1.23 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), while the photocurrent density of the Mo-BVO decreased from 0.66 mA/cm2 to 0.11 mA/cm2 at 1.23 V vs. RHE in 4 h. The experimental results indicated that the enhanced PEC stability of the Mo-BVO (C) could be attributed to its higher crystallinity, which could effectively inhibit the dissociation of vanadium in BiVO4 during the PEC process. This work may illustrate a novel ceramic design for the improvement of the stability of BiVO4 photoanodes, and might provide a general strategy for the improvement of the PEC stability of metal oxide photoanodes.
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11
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Grigioni I, Di Liberto G, Dozzi MV, Tosoni S, Pacchioni G, Selli E. WO 3/BiVO 4 Photoanodes: Facets Matching at the Heterojunction and BiVO 4 Layer Thickness Effects. ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS 2021; 4:8421-8431. [PMID: 34485843 PMCID: PMC8414527 DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.1c01623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Photoelectrochemical solar energy conversion offers a way to directly store light into energy-rich chemicals. Photoanodes based on the WO3/BiVO4 heterojunction are most effective mainly thanks to the efficient separation of photogenerated charges. The WO3/BiVO4 interfacial space region in the heterojunction is investigated here with the increasing thickness of the BiVO4 layer over a WO3 scaffold. On the basis of X-ray diffraction analysis results, density functional theory simulations show a BiVO4 growth over the WO3 layer along the BiVO4 {010} face, driven by the formation of a stable interface with new covalent bonds, with a favorable band alignment and band bending between the two oxides. This crystal facet phase matching allows a smooth transition between the electronic states of the two oxides and may be a key factor ensuring the high efficiency attained with this heterojunction. The photoelectrochemical activity of the WO3/BiVO4 photoanodes depends on both the irradiation wavelength and the thickness of the visible-light-absorbing BiVO4 layer, a 75 nm thick BiVO4 layer on WO3 being best performing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Grigioni
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università degli Studi
di Milano, Via Golgi
19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Liberto
- Dipartimento
di Scienza dei Materiali, Università
di Milano-Bicocca, Via
Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Vittoria Dozzi
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università degli Studi
di Milano, Via Golgi
19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Sergio Tosoni
- Dipartimento
di Scienza dei Materiali, Università
di Milano-Bicocca, Via
Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Pacchioni
- Dipartimento
di Scienza dei Materiali, Università
di Milano-Bicocca, Via
Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Elena Selli
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università degli Studi
di Milano, Via Golgi
19, 20133 Milano, Italy
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12
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Chen S, Vequizo JJM, Pan Z, Hisatomi T, Nakabayashi M, Lin L, Wang Z, Kato K, Yamakata A, Shibata N, Takata T, Yamada T, Domen K. Surface Modifications of (ZnSe) 0.5(CuGa 2.5Se 4.25) 0.5 to Promote Photocatalytic Z-Scheme Overall Water Splitting. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:10633-10641. [PMID: 34235922 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c03555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Charge separation is crucial for an efficient artificial photosynthetic process, especially for narrow-bandgap metal sulfides/selenides. The present study demonstrates the application of a p-n junction to particulate metal selenides to enhance photocatalytic Z-scheme overall water splitting (OWS). The constructed p-n junction of CdS-(ZnSe)0.5(CuGa2.5Se4.25)0.5 significantly boosted charge separation. A thin TiO2 coating layer also was introduced to inhibit photocorrosion of CdS and suppress the backward reaction of water formation from hydrogen and oxygen. By employing Pt-loaded TiO2/CdS-(ZnSe)0.5(CuGa2.5Se4.25)0.5 as a hydrogen evolution photocatalyst (HEP), we assembled a Z-scheme OWS system, together with BiVO4:Mo and Au as an oxygen evolution photocatalyst and electron mediator, respectively. An apparent quantum yield of 1.5% at 420 nm was achieved, which is by far the highest among reported particulate photocatalytic Z-scheme OWS systems with metal sulfides/selenides as HEPs. The present work demonstrates that a well-tailored p-n junction structure is effective for promoting charge separation in photocatalysis and opens new pathways for the development of efficient artificial photosynthesis systems involving narrow bandgap photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Chen
- Research Initiative for Supra-Materials, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano-shi, Nagano 380-8553, Japan.,School of Materials Science and Engineering & National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin 300-350, China
| | - Junie Jhon M Vequizo
- Research Initiative for Supra-Materials, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano-shi, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
| | - Zhenhua Pan
- Research Initiative for Supra-Materials, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano-shi, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
| | - Takashi Hisatomi
- Research Initiative for Supra-Materials, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano-shi, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
| | - Mamiko Nakabayashi
- Institute of Engineering Innovation, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Lihua Lin
- Research Initiative for Supra-Materials, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano-shi, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
| | - Zheng Wang
- Research Initiative for Supra-Materials, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano-shi, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
| | - Kosaku Kato
- Graduate School of Engineering, Toyota Technological Institute, 2-12-1 Hisakata, Tempaku, Nagoya 468-8511, Japan
| | - Akira Yamakata
- Graduate School of Engineering, Toyota Technological Institute, 2-12-1 Hisakata, Tempaku, Nagoya 468-8511, Japan
| | - Naoya Shibata
- Institute of Engineering Innovation, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Takata
- Research Initiative for Supra-Materials, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano-shi, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
| | - Taro Yamada
- Office of University Professors, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kazunari Domen
- Research Initiative for Supra-Materials, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano-shi, Nagano 380-8553, Japan.,Office of University Professors, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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13
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Feng J, Dai L, Ren X, Ma H, Wang X, Fan D, Wei Q, Wu R. Self-Powered Cathodic Photoelectrochemical Aptasensor Comprising a Photocathode and a Photoanode in Microfluidic Analysis Systems. Anal Chem 2021; 93:7125-7132. [PMID: 33908258 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
An intriguing self-powered cathodic photoelectrochemical (PEC) microfluidic aptasensor with enhanced cathodic photocurrent response is proposed for sensitive detection of prostate-specific antigen (PSA). The self-powered system is constructed by a cadmium sulfide-sensitized zinc oxide nanorod array (CdS/ZnO NA) as a photoanode with an iodide-doped bismuth oxychloride flower-array (I0.2:BiOCI0.8) as a photocathode, which can generate the electrical output under visible light irradiation with no external power supply. In addition, the p-type semiconductor I0.2:BiOCI0.8 with a special internal electric field between the iodide ion layer and the [Bi2O2]2+ layer could increase the cathodic photocurrent response by facilitating the separation of electron/hole pairs under visible light excitation. It is worth noting that dissolved oxygen as an electron acceptor can be reduced by the photogenerated electron to form a superoxide radical (•O2-) in the self-powered cathodic PEC system. The further enhanced cathodic photocurrent response can be achieved by eliminating •O2- that reacts with the luminol anion radical (L•-) to produce chemiluminescence emission, which serves as an inner excitation light source. What is more exciting is that the integration of the photoanode and the photocathode into a microfluidic chip could realize automatic sample injection and detection. On this basis, the proposed aptasensor presents excellent reproducibility and high sensitivity for detecting PSA and exhibits a good linearity range (50 fg·mL-1 to 50 ng·mL-1) with a low detection limit (25.8 fg·mL-1), which opens up a new horizon of potential for sensitively detecting other kinds of disease markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Feng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong250022, P. R. China
| | - Li Dai
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong250022, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Ren
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong250022, P. R. China
| | - Hongmin Ma
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong250022, P. R. China
| | - Xueying Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong250022, P. R. China
| | - Dawei Fan
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong250022, P. R. China
| | - Qin Wei
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong250022, P. R. China.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P. R. China
| | - Rongde Wu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P. R. China
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14
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Di Liberto G, Tosoni S, Pacchioni G. Role of surface termination in forming type-II photocatalyst heterojunctions: the case of TiO 2/BiVO 4. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:075001. [PMID: 33086209 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abc357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work we investigate TiO2 and BiVO4 nanostructures by means of density functional theory (DFT) calculations, to provide an estimate of the band alignment in TiO2/BiVO4 interfaces, highly active in photo-electrochemistry and photocatalytic water splitting. Calculations were carried out with both DFT range separated and self-consistent dielectric dependent hybrid functionals (HSE06 and PBE0DD). The impact of systems' size has been investigated. The converged electronic levels of TiO2 and BiVO4 surfaces have been used to predict the band alignment in TiO2/BiVO4 heterostructures. Results indicated that when TiO2 (101) surface is matched with BiVO4 (110), a type-II alignment is obtained, where the band edges of BiVO4 are higher in energy that those of TiO2. This picture is favorable for charge-carriers separation upon photoexcitation, where electrons move toward TiO2 and holes toward BiVO4. On the contrary, if TiO2 (101) is interfaced to BiVO4 (010) the offset between the band edges is negligible, thus reducing the driving force toward separation of charge carriers. These results rationalize the dependence on the facet's exposure of the observed photocatalytic performances of TiO2/BiVO4 composites, where the TiO2 (101)/BiVO4 (110) interface outperforms the TiO2 (101)/BiVO4 (010) one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Di Liberto
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università di Milano-Bicocca, via R Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Sergio Tosoni
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università di Milano-Bicocca, via R Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Pacchioni
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università di Milano-Bicocca, via R Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
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15
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Huang H, Zhao J, Du Y, Zhou C, Zhang M, Wang Z, Weng Y, Long J, Hofkens J, Steele JA, Roeffaers MBJ. Direct Z-Scheme Heterojunction of Semicoherent FAPbBr 3/Bi 2WO 6 Interface for Photoredox Reaction with Large Driving Force. ACS NANO 2020; 14:16689-16697. [PMID: 32573200 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c03146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Metal halide perovskites with direct band gap and strong light absorption are promising materials for harvesting solar energy; however, their relatively narrow band gap limits their redox ability when used as a photocatalyst. Adding a second semiconductor component with the appropriate band structure offsets can generate a Z-scheme photocatalytic system, taking full advantage of the perovskite's intrinsic properties. In this work, we develop a direct Z-scheme photocatalyst based on formamidinium lead bromide and bismuth tungstate (FAPbBr3/Bi2WO6) with strong redox ability for artificial solar-to-chemical energy conversion. With desirable band offsets and strong joint redox potential, the dual photocatalyst is shown to form a semicoherent heterointerface. Ultrafast transient infrared absorption studies employing selective excitation reveal synergetic photocarrier dynamics and demonstrate Z-scheme charge transfer mechanisms. Under simulated solar irradiation, a large driving force photoredox reaction (∼2.57 eV) of CO2 reduction coupled with benzyl alcohol oxidation to benzaldehyde is achieved on the Z-scheme FAPbBr3/Bi2WO6 photocatalyst, harnessing the full synergetic potential of the combined system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haowei Huang
- cMACS, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jiwu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yijie Du
- Laboratory of Soft Matter and Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chen Zhou
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Menglong Zhang
- Institute of Semiconductors, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631 China
| | - Zhuan Wang
- Laboratory of Soft Matter and Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yuxiang Weng
- Laboratory of Soft Matter and Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jinlin Long
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Johan Hofkens
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Julian A Steele
- cMACS, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maarten B J Roeffaers
- cMACS, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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16
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Ke J, He F, Wu H, Lyu S, Liu J, Yang B, Li Z, Zhang Q, Chen J, Lei L, Hou Y, Ostrikov K. Nanocarbon-Enhanced 2D Photoelectrodes: A New Paradigm in Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2020; 13:24. [PMID: 34138209 PMCID: PMC8187525 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-020-00545-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Solar-driven photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting systems are highly promising for converting solar energy into clean and sustainable chemical energy. In such PEC systems, an integrated photoelectrode incorporates a light harvester for absorbing solar energy, an interlayer for transporting photogenerated charge carriers, and a co-catalyst for triggering redox reactions. Thus, understanding the correlations between the intrinsic structural properties and functions of the photoelectrodes is crucial. Here we critically examine various 2D layered photoanodes/photocathodes, including graphitic carbon nitrides, transition metal dichalcogenides, layered double hydroxides, layered bismuth oxyhalide nanosheets, and MXenes, combined with advanced nanocarbons (carbon dots, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and graphdiyne) as co-catalysts to assemble integrated photoelectrodes for oxygen evolution/hydrogen evolution reactions. The fundamental principles of PEC water splitting and physicochemical properties of photoelectrodes and the associated catalytic reactions are analyzed. Elaborate strategies for the assembly of 2D photoelectrodes with nanocarbons to enhance the PEC performances are introduced. The mechanisms of interplay of 2D photoelectrodes and nanocarbon co-catalysts are further discussed. The challenges and opportunities in the field are identified to guide future research for maximizing the conversion efficiency of PEC water splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ke
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, People's Republic of China
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, 206 Guanggu 1st Road, Wuhan, 430205, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan He
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Wu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, 206 Guanggu 1st Road, Wuhan, 430205, People's Republic of China
| | - Siliu Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, 619 Yonghua N St, Baoding, 071003, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongjian Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, College of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, People's Republic of China
| | - Lecheng Lei
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Zhejiang University - Quzhou, Quzhou, 324000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Hou
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Zhejiang University - Quzhou, Quzhou, 324000, People's Republic of China.
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 315100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kostya Ostrikov
- School of Chemistry and Physics and Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
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17
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Di Liberto G, Tosoni S, Pacchioni G. Charge Carriers Cascade in a Ternary TiO
2
/TiO
2
/ZnS Heterojunction: A DFT Study. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201902351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Di Liberto
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei MaterialiUniversità degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca Via Roberto Cozzi 55 20125 Milano Italy
| | - Sergio Tosoni
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei MaterialiUniversità degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca Via Roberto Cozzi 55 20125 Milano Italy
| | - Gianfranco Pacchioni
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei MaterialiUniversità degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca Via Roberto Cozzi 55 20125 Milano Italy
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18
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Multilayer WO3/BiVO4 Photoanodes for Solar-Driven Water Splitting Prepared by RF-Plasma Sputtering. SURFACES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/surfaces3010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A series of WO3, BiVO4 and WO3/BiVO4 heterojunction coatings were deposited on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), by means of reactive radio frequency (RF) plasma (co)sputtering, and tested as photoanodes for water splitting under simulated AM 1.5 G solar light in a three-electrode photoelectrochemical (PEC) cell in a 0.5 M NaSO4 electrolyte solution. The PEC performance and time stability of the heterojunction increases with an increase of the WO3 innermost layer up to 1000 nm. A two-step calcination treatment (600 °C after WO3 deposition followed by 400 °C after BiVO4 deposition) led to a most performing photoanode under back-side irradiation, generating a photocurrent density of 1.7 mA cm−2 at 1.4 V vs. SCE (i.e., two-fold and five-fold higher than that generated by individual WO3 and BiVO4 photoanodes, respectively). The incident photon to current efficiency (IPCE) measurements reveal the presence of two activity regions over the heterojunction with respect to WO3 alone: The PEC efficiency increases due to improved charge carrier separation above 450 nm (i.e., below the WO3 excitation energy), while it decreases below 450 nm (i.e., when both semiconductors are excited) due to electron–hole recombination at the interface of the two semiconductors.
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19
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Hydrogenation of ZnFe2O4 Flat Films: Effects of the Pre-Annealing Temperature on the Photoanodes Efficiency for Water Oxidation. SURFACES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/surfaces3010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The effects induced by post-synthesis hydrogenation on ZnFe2O4 flat films in terms of photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance of photoanodes for water oxidation have been deeply investigated as a function of the pre-annealing temperature of the materials. The structure and morphology of the films greatly affect the efficacy of the post synthesis treatment. In fact, highly compact films are obtained upon pre-annealing at high temperatures, and this limits the exposure of the material bulk to the reductive H2 atmosphere, making the treatment largely ineffective. On the other hand, a mild hydrogen treatment greatly enhances the separation of photoproduced charges in films pre-annealed at lower temperatures, as a result of the introduction of oxygen vacancies with n-type character. A comparison between present results and those obtained with ZnFe2O4 nanorods clearly demonstrates that specific structural and/or surface properties, together with the initial film morphology, differently affect the overall contribution of post-synthesis hydrogenation on the efficiency of zinc ferrite-based photoanodes.
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20
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Wang J, Liu C, Liu Y, Chen S. Nanoporous BiVO4 nanoflake array photoanode for efficient photoelectrochemical water splitting. CrystEngComm 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce00017e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A high-quality nanoporous BiVO4 nanoflake array photoanode was prepared by using an in situ transformation approach, which exhibited an excellent photoelectrochemical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Function Molecule of Ministry of Education
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Functional Application of Fine Polymers
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials for New Energy Storage and Conversion
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University of Science and Technology
| | - Canjun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Function Molecule of Ministry of Education
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Functional Application of Fine Polymers
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials for New Energy Storage and Conversion
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University of Science and Technology
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Central South University
- Changsha 410083
- China
| | - Shu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Function Molecule of Ministry of Education
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Functional Application of Fine Polymers
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials for New Energy Storage and Conversion
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University of Science and Technology
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21
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Gao Y, Nie W, Wang X, Fan F, Li C. Advanced space- and time-resolved techniques for photocatalyst studies. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:1007-1021. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc07128h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle photocatalysts present the obvious characteristic of heterogeneity in structure, energy, and function at spatial and temporal scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy
- The Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM)
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Wei Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy
- The Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM)
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Xiuli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy
- The Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM)
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Fengtao Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy
- The Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM)
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Can Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy
- The Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM)
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
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22
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Grigioni I, Dozzi MV, Selli E. Photoinduced electron transfer in WO 3/BiVO 4 heterojunction photoanodes: effects of the WO 3 layer thickness. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 32:014001. [PMID: 31514175 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab440b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The PEC performance of WO3/BiVO4 heterojunction photoanodes with a fixed BiVO4 thick top layer and different WO3 layer thicknesses was investigated under backside irradiation, in comparison with the performance of the same electrodes without a top BiVO4 layer. While the performance of these latter increase with increasing WO3 thickness, the presence of a BiVO4 layer, besides leading to an effective sensitization up to 520 nm, leads to a decrease of incident photon to current efficiency in the short wavelength's range. After having excluded major WO3 filter effects, this has been attributed to charge carrier recombination effects occurring when both oxides get excited and becoming more relevant with increasing WO3 thickness and decreasing excitation wavelength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Grigioni
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Golgi 19, I-20133 Milano, Italy
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23
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Polo A, Grigioni I, Dozzi MV, Selli E. Sensitizing effects of BiVO4 and visible light induced production of highly reductive electrons in the TiO2/BiVO4 heterojunction. Catal Today 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2018.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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24
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Paz Y. Transient IR spectroscopy as a tool for studying photocatalytic materials. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2019; 31:503004. [PMID: 31469092 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab3eda] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Over the years, a considerable amount of attention has been given to the thermodynamics of photocatalysts, i.e. to the location of their valence and conduction bands on the energy scale. The kinetics of the photoinduced charge carriers at short times (i.e. prior to their surface redox reactions) is no less important. While significant work on the transient electronic spectra of photocatalysts has been performed, the transient vibrational spectra of this class of materials was hardly studied. This manuscript aims to increase the scientific awareness to the potential of transient IR spectroscopy (TRIR) as a complementary tool for understanding the first, crucial, steps of photocatalytic processes in solid photocatalysts. This was done herein first by describing the various techniques currently in use for measuring transient IR signals of photo-excited systems and discussing their pros and cons. Then, a variety of examples is given, representing different types of photocatalysts such as oxides (TiO2, NaTaO3, BiOCl, BiVO4), photosensitized oxides (dye-sensitized TiO2), organic polymers (graphitic carbon nitride) and organo-metalic photocatalysts (rhenium bipyridyl complexes). These examples span from materials with no IR fingerprint signals (TiO2) to materials having a distinct spectrum showing well-defined, localized, relatively narrow, vibrational bands (carbon nitride). In choosing the given-above examples, care was made to represent the several pump & probe techniques that are applied when studying transient IR spectroscopy, namely dispersive, transient 2D-IR spectroscopy and step-scan IR spectroscopy. It is hoped that this short review will contribute to expanding the use of TRIR as a viable and important technique among the arsenal of tools struggling to solve the mysteries behind photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaron Paz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion, Haifa, Israel
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Di Liberto G, Tosoni S, Pacchioni G. Theoretical treatment of semiconductor heterojunctions for photocatalysis: the WO 3/BiVO 4 interface. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2019; 31:434001. [PMID: 31282386 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab2fa4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The valence and conduction band (CB) alignments and the nature of the WO3/BiVO4 heterojunction have been analysed in detail based on hybrid functionals density functional theory calculations. The WO3/BiVO4 junction is widely studied in photocatalysis for its capability to reduce electron-hole recombination and to improve efficiency. This is assumed to be due to a favourable band alignment of the junction's components, which generates a flow of negative charge carriers towards WO3, and positive ones towards BiVO4. This conclusion is often based on the properties of the two isolated, non-interacting units. Here, we propose an explicit interface model where the (0 0 1) surface of WO3 is put in contact with the (0 1 0) surface of BiVO4 rotated by about 45°, which leads to a small strain and a favourable cation-anion matching. The interface displays a moderate charge transfer and a small interface dipole. This leads to only moderate effects on the band alignment, which remains qualitatively similar to that obtained from the two independent oxides. We also considered in detail the role of the amount of exact exchange used in the description of the heterojunction, and in particular of the BiVO4 component, for which rather different hybrid functional approaches have been proposed in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Di Liberto
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Via Roberto Cozzi 55, I-20125 Milano, Italy
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Huang J, Yue P, Wang L, She H, Wang Q. A review on tungsten-trioxide-based photoanodes for water oxidation. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(19)63399-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Luan P, Zhang J. Stepping towards Solar Water Splitting: Recent Progress in Bismuth Vanadate Photoanodes. ChemElectroChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201900398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Luan
- School of ChemistryMonash University Clayton VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of ChemistryMonash University Clayton VIC 3800 Australia
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28
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Pan D, Xiao S, Chen X, Li R, Cao Y, Zhang D, Pu S, Li Z, Li G, Li H. Efficient Photocatalytic Fuel Cell via Simultaneous Visible-Photoelectrocatalytic Degradation and Electricity Generation on a Porous Coral-like WO 3/W Photoelectrode. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:3697-3706. [PMID: 30816704 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b05685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic fuel cells (PFCs) have proven to be effective for generating electricity and degrading pollutants with a goal to resolve environmental and energy problems. However, the degradation of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), such as perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), remains challenging. In the present work, a porous coral-like WO3/W (PCW) photoelectrode with a well-designed energy band structure was used for the photoelectrocatalytic degradation of POPs and the simultaneous generation of electricity. The as-constructed bionic porous coral-like nanostructure greatly improved the light-harvesting capacity of the PCW photoelectrode. A maximum photocurrent density (0.31 mA/cm2) under visible light (λ > 420 nm) irradiation and a high incident photon conversion efficiency (IPCE) value (5.72% at 420 nm) were achieved. Because of the unique porous coral-like structure, the suitable energy band position, and the strong oxidation ability, this PCW photoelectrode-based PFC system exhibited a strong ability for simultaneous photoelectrocatalytic degradation of PFOA and electricity generation under visible-light irradiation, with a power output of 0.0013 mV/cm2 using PFOA as the fuel. This work provides a promising way to construct a reliable PFC using highly toxic POPs to generate electricity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donglai Pan
- Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, College of Life and Environmental Science , Shanghai Normal University , Shanghai 200234 , China
| | - Shuning Xiao
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Optoelectronic Engineering , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518060 , China
| | - Xiaofeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, College of Life and Environmental Science , Shanghai Normal University , Shanghai 200234 , China
| | - Ruping Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, College of Life and Environmental Science , Shanghai Normal University , Shanghai 200234 , China
| | - Yingnan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, College of Life and Environmental Science , Shanghai Normal University , Shanghai 200234 , China
| | - Dieqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, College of Life and Environmental Science , Shanghai Normal University , Shanghai 200234 , China
| | - Sisi Pu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, College of Life and Environmental Science , Shanghai Normal University , Shanghai 200234 , China
| | - Zhangcheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, College of Life and Environmental Science , Shanghai Normal University , Shanghai 200234 , China
| | - Guisheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, College of Life and Environmental Science , Shanghai Normal University , Shanghai 200234 , China
| | - Hexing Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, College of Life and Environmental Science , Shanghai Normal University , Shanghai 200234 , China
- Shanghai University of Electric Power , 2588 Changyang Road , Shanghai 200090 , China
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Selim S, Francàs L, García-Tecedor M, Corby S, Blackman C, Gimenez S, Durrant JR, Kafizas A. WO 3/BiVO 4: impact of charge separation at the timescale of water oxidation. Chem Sci 2019; 10:2643-2652. [PMID: 30996980 PMCID: PMC6419945 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc04679d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Unveiling the role of applied bias on the charge carrier dynamics in the WO3/BiVO4 junction during water oxidation.
The four hole oxidation of water has long been considered the kinetic bottleneck for overall solar-driven water splitting, and thus requires the formation of long-lived photogenerated holes to overcome this kinetic barrier. However, photogenerated charges are prone to recombination unless they can be spatially separated. This can be achieved by coupling materials with staggered conduction and valence band positions, providing a thermodynamic driving force for charge separation. This has most aptly been demonstrated in the WO3/BiVO4 junction, in which quantum efficiencies for the water oxidation reaction can approach near unity. However, the charge carrier dynamics in this system remain elusive over timescales relevant to water oxidation (μs–s). In this work, the effect of charge separation on carrier lifetime, and the voltage dependence of this process, is probed using transient absorption spectroscopy and transient photocurrent measurements, revealing sub-μs electron transfer from BiVO4 to WO3. The interface formed between BiVO4 and WO3 is shown to overcome the “dead-layer effect” encountered in BiVO4 alone. Moreover, our study sheds light on the role of the WO3/BiVO4 junction in enhancing the efficiency of the water oxidation reaction, where charge separation across the WO3/BiVO4 junction improves both the yield and lifetime of holes present in the BiVO4 layer over timescales relevant to water oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shababa Selim
- Imperial College London , Department of Chemistry , South Kensington , London , SW7 2AZ , UK .
| | - Laia Francàs
- Imperial College London , Department of Chemistry , South Kensington , London , SW7 2AZ , UK .
| | - Miguel García-Tecedor
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM) , Universitat Jaume I , 12006 , Castelló de la Plana , Spain
| | - Sacha Corby
- Imperial College London , Department of Chemistry , South Kensington , London , SW7 2AZ , UK .
| | - Chris Blackman
- University College London , Department of Chemistry , Gordon Street , London , WC1H 0AJ , UK
| | - Sixto Gimenez
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM) , Universitat Jaume I , 12006 , Castelló de la Plana , Spain
| | - James R Durrant
- Imperial College London , Department of Chemistry , South Kensington , London , SW7 2AZ , UK .
| | - Andreas Kafizas
- Imperial College London , Department of Chemistry , South Kensington , London , SW7 2AZ , UK . .,The Grantham Institute , Imperial College London , South Kensington , London , SW7 2AZ , UK
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Cristino V, Pasti L, Marchetti N, Berardi S, Bignozzi CA, Molinari A, Passabi F, Caramori S, Amidani L, Orlandi M, Bazzanella N, Piccioni A, Kopula Kesavan J, Boscherini F, Pasquini L. Photoelectrocatalytic degradation of emerging contaminants at WO3/BiVO4 photoanodes in aqueous solution. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2019; 18:2150-2163. [DOI: 10.1039/c9pp00043g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Advantages and limitations of WO3/BiVO4 heterojunctions applied to the photoelectrochemical treatment of some environmental Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CEC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito Cristino
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Ferrara
- 44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Luisa Pasti
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Ferrara
- 44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Nicola Marchetti
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Ferrara
- 44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Serena Berardi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Ferrara
- 44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Carlo Alberto Bignozzi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Ferrara
- 44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Alessandra Molinari
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Ferrara
- 44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Francesco Passabi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Ferrara
- 44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Stefano Caramori
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Ferrara
- 44121 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Lucia Amidani
- Helmholtz-Zentrum dresden-Rossendorf
- c/o European Synchrotron Radiation Facility
- 38000 Grenoble
- France
| | | | | | - Alberto Piccioni
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- University of Bologna
- Bologna
- Italy
| | | | | | - Luca Pasquini
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- University of Bologna
- Bologna
- Italy
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