1
|
Geitner R, Schuett T, Zechel S, Schubert US. Advancements and Challenges in the Synthesis of Oxymethylene Ethers (OMEs) as Sustainable Transportation Fuels. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401570. [PMID: 38877302 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
The urgent need for sustainable alternatives to fossil fuels in the transportation sector is driving research into novel energy carriers that can meet the high energy density requirements of heavy-duty vehicles without exacerbating the climate change. This concept article examines the synthesis, mechanisms, and challenges associated with oxymethylene ethers (OMEs), a promising class of synthetic fuels potentially derived from carbon dioxide and hydrogen. We highlight the importance of OMEs in the transition towards non-fossil energy sources due to their compatibility with the existing Diesel infrastructure and their cleaner combustion profile. The synthesis mechanisms, including the Schulz-Flory distribution and its implications for OME chain length specificity, and the role of various catalysts and starting materials are discussed in depth. Despite advancements in the field, significant challenges remain, such as overcoming the Schulz-Flory distribution, efficiently managing water as an undesirable byproduct, and improving the overall energy efficiency of the OME synthesis. Addressing these challenges is crucial for OMEs to become a viable alternative fuel, contributing to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and the transition to a sustainable energy future in the transportation sector.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Geitner
- Institute for Chemistry and Bioengineering, Technical University Ilmenau, Weimarer Str. 32, 98693, Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Timo Schuett
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Zechel
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrich S Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Polymers in Energy Applications Jena (HIPOLE Jena), Lessingstrasse 12-14, 07743, Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Desmons S, Bonin J, Robert M, Bontemps S. Four-electron reduction of CO 2: from formaldehyde and acetal synthesis to complex transformations. Chem Sci 2024:d4sc02888k. [PMID: 39246334 PMCID: PMC11376136 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc02888k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The expansive and dynamic field of the CO2 Reduction Reaction (CO2RR) seeks to harness CO2 as a sustainable carbon source or energy carrier. While significant progress has been made in two, six, and eight-electron reductions of CO2, the four-electron reduction remains understudied. This review fills this gap, comprehensively exploring CO2 reduction into formaldehyde (HCHO) or acetal-type compounds (EOCH2OE, with E = [Si], [B], [Zr], [U], [Y], [Nb], [Ta] or -R) using various CO2RR systems. These encompass (photo)electro-, bio-, and thermal reduction processes with diverse reductants. Formaldehyde, a versatile C1 product, is challenging to synthesize and isolate from the CO2RR. The review also discusses acetal compounds, emphasizing their significance as pathways to formaldehyde with distinct reactivity. Providing an overview of the state of four-electron CO2 reduction, this review highlights achievements, challenges, and the potential of the produced compounds - formaldehyde and acetals - as sustainable sources for valuable product synthesis, including chiral compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Desmons
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS 205 route de Narbonne 31077 Toulouse Cedex 04 France
| | - Julien Bonin
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, Université Paris Cité, CNRS F-75013 Paris France
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Sorbonne Université, CNRS F-75005 Paris France
| | - Marc Robert
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, Université Paris Cité, CNRS F-75013 Paris France
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Sorbonne Université, CNRS F-75005 Paris France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF) F-75005 Paris France
| | - Sébastien Bontemps
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS 205 route de Narbonne 31077 Toulouse Cedex 04 France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bin Yeo J, Ho Jang J, In Jo Y, Woo Koo J, Tae Nam K. Paired Electrosynthesis of Formaldehyde Derivatives from CO 2 Reduction and Methanol Oxidation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316020. [PMID: 38018795 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Utilizing CO2 -derived formaldehyde derivatives for fuel additive or polymer synthesis is a promising approach to reduce net carbon dioxide emissions. Existing methodologies involve converting CO2 to methanol by thermal hydrogenation, followed by electrochemical or thermochemical oxidation to produce formaldehyde. Adding to the conventional methanol oxidation pathway, we propose a new electrochemical approach to simultaneously generate formaldehyde derivatives at both electrodes by partial methanol oxidation and the direct reduction of CO2 . To achieve this, a method to directly reduce CO2 to formaldehyde at the cathode is required. Still, it has been scarcely reported previously due to the acidity of the formic acid intermediate and the facile over-reduction of formaldehyde to methanol. By enabling the activation and subsequent stabilization of formic acid and formaldehyde respectively in methanol solvent, we were able to implement a strategy where formaldehyde derivatives were generated at the cathode alongside the anode. Further mechanism studies revealed that protons supplied from the anodic reaction contribute to the activation of formic acid and the stabilization of the formaldehyde product. Additionally, it was found that the cathodic formaldehyde derivative Faradaic efficiency can be further increased through prolonged electrolysis time up to 50 % along with a maximum anodic formaldehyde derivative Faradaic efficiency of 90 %.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Bin Yeo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-744, Korea
| | - Jun Ho Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-744, Korea
| | - Young In Jo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-744, Korea
| | - Jeong Woo Koo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-744, Korea
| | - Ki Tae Nam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-744, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Su R, Huang Z. A Series of Singlet‐Triplet InVerted TADF Fluorescent Probes with High Stability, Low Molecular Weight, and Synthesis Accessibility. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.202200863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rongchuan Su
- Department of Pharmacology North Sichuan Medical College Nanchong 637100 China
| | - Zhenmei Huang
- College of Chemistry Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Xie S, Li Z, Li H, Fang Y. Integration of carbon capture with heterogeneous catalysis toward methanol production: chemistry, challenges, and opportunities. CATALYSIS REVIEWS 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/01614940.2023.2166720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqu Xie
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuoxi Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Xinhua University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Hengde Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanxiong Fang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhao S, Liang H, Hu X, Li S, Daasbjerg K. Challenges and Prospects in the Catalytic Conversion of Carbon Dioxide to Formaldehyde. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202204008. [PMID: 36066469 PMCID: PMC9827866 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Formaldehyde (HCHO) is a crucial C1 building block for daily-life commodities in a wide range of industrial processes. Industrial production of HCHO today is based on energy- and cost-intensive gas-phase catalytic oxidation of methanol, which calls for exploring other and more sustainable ways of carrying out this process. Utilization of carbon dioxide (CO2 ) as precursor presents a promising strategy to simultaneously mitigate the carbon footprint and alleviate environmental issues. This Minireview summarizes recent progress in CO2 -to-HCHO conversion using hydrogenation, hydroboration/hydrosilylation as well as photochemical, electrochemical, photoelectrochemical, and enzymatic approaches. The active species, reaction intermediates, and mechanistic pathways are discussed to deepen the understanding of HCHO selectivity issues. Finally, shortcomings and prospects of the various strategies for sustainable reduction of CO2 to HCHO are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Zhao
- Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF) CO2 Research CenterDepartment of Chemistry/Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO)Aarhus UniversityLangelandsgade 1408000Aarhus CDenmark
| | - Hong‐Qing Liang
- Leibniz-Institut für KatalyseAlbert-Einstein-Strasse 29a18059RostockGermany
| | - Xin‐Ming Hu
- Environment Research InstituteShandong UniversityBinhai Road 72Qingdao266237China
| | - Simin Li
- School of Metallurgy and EnvironmentCentral South UniversityChangsha410083P.R. China
| | - Kim Daasbjerg
- Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF) CO2 Research CenterDepartment of Chemistry/Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO)Aarhus UniversityLangelandsgade 1408000Aarhus CDenmark
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mandal SC, Das A, Roy D, Das S, Nair AS, Pathak B. Developments of the heterogeneous and homogeneous CO2 hydrogenation to value-added C2+-based hydrocarbons and oxygenated products. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
8
|
Ren J, Xin F, Xu Y. A review on direct synthesis of dimethoxymethane. Chin J Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2022.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
9
|
Burre J, Kabatnik C, Al-Khatib M, Bongartz D, Jupke A, Mitsos A. Global flowsheet optimization for reductive dimethoxymethane production using data-driven thermodynamic models. Comput Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2022.107806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
10
|
Wiedner ES, Appel AM, Raugei S, Shaw WJ, Bullock RM. Molecular Catalysts with Diphosphine Ligands Containing Pendant Amines. Chem Rev 2022; 122:12427-12474. [PMID: 35640056 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c01001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Pendant amines play an invaluable role in chemical reactivity, especially for molecular catalysts based on earth-abundant metals. As inspired by [FeFe]-hydrogenases, which contain a pendant amine positioned for cooperative bifunctionality, synthetic catalysts have been developed to emulate this multifunctionality through incorporation of a pendant amine in the second coordination sphere. Cyclic diphosphine ligands containing two amines serve as the basis for a class of catalysts that have been extensively studied and used to demonstrate the impact of a pendant base. These 1,5-diaza-3,7-diphosphacyclooctanes, now often referred to as "P2N2" ligands, have profound effects on the reactivity of many catalysts. The resulting [Ni(PR2NR'2)2]2+ complexes are electrocatalysts for both the oxidation and production of H2. Achieving the optimal benefit of the pendant amine requires that it has suitable basicity and is properly positioned relative to the metal center. In addition to the catalytic efficacy demonstrated with [Ni(PR2NR'2)2]2+ complexes for the oxidation and production of H2, catalysts with diphosphine ligands containing pendant amines have also been demonstrated for several metals for many different reactions, both in solution and immobilized on surfaces. The impact of pendant amines in catalyst design continues to expand.
Collapse
|
11
|
Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian R. James
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian R. James
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Das A, Mandal SC, Pathak B. Mechanistic exploration of CO 2 conversion to dimethoxymethane (DMM) using transition metal (Co, Ru) catalysts: an energy span model. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:8387-8397. [PMID: 35332910 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05144j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The conversion of CO2 to DMM is an important transformation for various reasons. Co and Ru-based triphos catalysts have been investigated using density functional theory (DFT) calculations to understand the mechanistic pathways of the CO2 to DMM conversion and the role of noble/non-noble metal-based catalysts. The reaction has been investigated sequentially through methylformate (MF) and methoxymethane (MM) intermediates as they are found to be important intermediates. For the hydrogenation of CO2 and MF, the hydrogen sources such as H2 and methanol have been investigated. The calculated reaction free energy barriers for all the possible pathways suggest that both hydrogen sources are important for the Co-triphos catalyst. However, in the case of the Ru-triphos catalyst, molecular H2 is calculated to be the only hydrogen source. Various esterification and acetalization possibilities have also been explored to find the most favorable pathway for the conversion of CO2 to DMM. We find that the hydride transfer to the CO2 is the rate determining step (RDS) for the overall reaction. Our mechanistic investigation reveals that the metal center is the active part for the catalysis rather than the Brønsted acid and the redox triphos ligand plays an important role through the push-pull mechanism. The implemented microkinetic study shows that the reaction is also quite dependent on the concentration of the gaseous reactants and the rate constant increases exponentially above 363 K.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amitabha Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore 453552, India.
| | - Shyama Charan Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore 453552, India.
| | - Biswarup Pathak
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore 453552, India.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Li Y, Lin X, Ma F, Mo Y. Computational Study of CO 2 Reduction Catalyzed by Iron(I) Complex at Different Spin States: Cooperativity of Hydrogen Bonding and Auxiliary Group Effect. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:31971-31981. [PMID: 34870020 PMCID: PMC8637949 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To explore alternative approaches to the CO2 reduction to formate and provide an insight into the spin state effect on the CO2 reduction, we theoretically designed a kind of low-valence iron(I) model complex, whose doublet, quartet, and sextet states are denoted as 2 Fe(I), 4 Fe(I), and 6 Fe(I), respectively. This complex is featured with an iron(I) center, which bonds to a 1,2-ethanediamine (en) and a 2-hydroxy-biphenyl group. Reaction mechanisms for the CO2 reduction to formate catalyzed by this iron(I) model complex were explored using density functional theory (DFT) computations. Studies showed that the univalent iron(I) compound can efficiently fix and activate a CO2 molecule, whereas its oxidized forms with trivalent iron(III) or bivalent iron(II) cannot activate CO2. For the iron(I) compound, it was found that the lowest spin state 2 Fe(I) is the most favorable for the CO2 reduction as the reactions barriers involving 2 Fe(I), 4 Fe(I), and 6 Fe(I) are 25.6, 37.2, and 35.9 kcal/mol, respectively. Yet, a photosensitizer-free visible-light-mediated high-low spin shift from 4 Fe(I) and 6 Fe(I) to 2 Fe(I) is likely through the reverse intersystem crossing (RIC) because the 4 Fe(I) and 6 Fe(I) compounds have strong absorption in the visible-light range. Notably, the synergistic interaction between the hydrogen bonding from the auxiliary hydroxyl group in the 2-hydroxy-biphenyl moiety to CO2 and an intermediate five-membered ring promotes the proton transfer, leading to the formation of the -COOH moiety from CO2 and the Fe-O bond. With the addition of H2, one H2 molecule is split by the Fe-O bond and thus serves as H atom sources for both the CO2 reduction and the recovery of the auxiliary hydroxyl group. The present theoretical study provides a novel solution for the challenging CO2 reduction, which calls for further experimental verifications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yazhou Li
- School
of Chemistry and Materials Science, Huaibei
Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China
| | - Xuhui Lin
- Sichuan
Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs,
School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Fang Ma
- School
of Chemistry and Materials Science, Huaibei
Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China
| | - Yirong Mo
- Department
of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27401, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
A Review and Experimental Revisit of Alternative Catalysts for Selective Oxidation of Methanol to Formaldehyde. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11111329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The selective oxidation of methanol to formaldehyde is a growing million-dollar industry, and has been commercial for close to a century. The Formox process, which is the largest production process today, utilizes an iron molybdate catalyst, which is highly selective, but has a short lifetime of 6 months due to volatilization of the active molybdenum oxide. Improvements of the process’s lifetime is, thus, desirable. This paper provides an overview of the efforts reported in the scientific literature to find alternative catalysts for the Formox process and critically assess these alternatives for their industrial potential. The catalysts can be grouped into three main categories: Mo containing, V containing, and those not containing Mo or V. Furthermore, selected interesting catalysts were synthesized, tested for their performance in the title reaction, and the results critically compared with previously published results. Lastly, an outlook on the progress for finding new catalytic materials is provided as well as suggestions for the future focus of Formox catalyst research.
Collapse
|
16
|
Avasare VD. Ascendancy of Nitrogen Heterocycles in the Computationally Designed Mn(I)PNN Pincer Catalysts on the Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide to Methanol. Inorg Chem 2021; 61:1851-1868. [PMID: 34714058 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The development of sustainable catalysts to get methanol from CO2 under milder conditions and without any additives is still considered an arduous task. In many instances, transition-metal-catalyzed carbon dioxide to formic acid formation is more facile than methanol formation. This article provides comprehensive density functional theoretic investigations of six new Mn(I)PNN complexes, which are designed to perform CO2 to methanol conversion under milder reaction conditions. All these six catalysts have similar structural features except at terminal nitrogen, -N (1), where adenine-inspired nitrogen heterocycles containing pyridine and pyrimidine moieties are attached to instill an electron withdrawing effect on the central metal and thus to facilitate dihydrogen polarization during the catalyst regeneration. All these computationally modeled Mn(I)PNN complexes demonstrate the promising catalytic activity to get methanol through cascade catalytic cycles at 298.15 K. The metal-ligand cooperative (MLC) as well as noncooperative (NC) pathways are investigated for each catalytic cycle. The NC pathway is the preferred pathway for formic acid and formaldehyde formation, whereas methanol formation proceeds through only the MLC pathway. Different nitrogen heterocycles attached to the -N (1) terminal manifested a considerable amount of impact on the Gibbs free energies, overall activation energies, and computed turnover frequencies (TOFs). Among all the catalysts, SPCAT02 provides excellent TOFs for HCO2H (500 151 h-1), HCHO (11 912 h-1), and CH3OH (2 372 400 h-1) formation at 50 °C. SPCAT04 is found to be a better catalyst for the selective formation of formic acid formation at room temperature than the rest of the catalysts. The computed TOF results are found reliable upon comparison with experimentally established catalysts. To establish the structure-activity relationship, the activation strain model and Fukui function calculations are performed on all the catalysts. Both these studies provide complementary results. The present study revealed a very important finding that a more electrophilic metal center could facilitate the CO2 hydrogenation reaction robustly. All computationally designed catalysts could be cheaper and better alternatives to convert CO2 to methanol under mild reaction conditions in an aqueous medium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vidya D Avasare
- Department of Chemistry, Sir Parashurambhau College, Tilak Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411030, India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lluna‐Galán C, Izquierdo‐Aranda L, Adam R, Cabrero‐Antonino JR. Catalytic Reductive Alcohol Etherifications with Carbonyl-Based Compounds or CO 2 and Related Transformations for the Synthesis of Ether Derivatives. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:3744-3784. [PMID: 34237201 PMCID: PMC8518999 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202101184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Ether derivatives have myriad applications in several areas of chemical industry and academia. Hence, the development of more effective and sustainable protocols for their production is highly desired. Among the different methodologies reported for ether synthesis, catalytic reductive alcohol etherifications with carbonyl-based moieties (aldehydes/ketones and carboxylic acid derivatives) have emerged in the last years as a potential tool. These processes constitute appealing routes for the selective production of both symmetrical and asymmetrical ethers (including O-heterocycles) with an increased molecular complexity. Likewise, ester-to-ether catalytic reductions and hydrogenative alcohol etherifications with CO2 to dialkoxymethanes and other acetals, albeit in less extent, have undergone important advances, too. In this Review, an update of the recent progresses in the area of catalytic reductive alcohol etherifications using carbonyl-based compounds and CO2 have been described with a special focus on organic synthetic applications and catalyst design. Complementarily, recent progress made in catalytic acetal/ketal-to-ether or ester-to-ether reductions and other related transformations have been also summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carles Lluna‐Galán
- Instituto de Tecnología QuímicaUniversitat Politécnica de València-Consejo Superior Investigaciones Científicas (UPV-CSIC)Avda. de los Naranjos s/n46022ValenciaSpain
| | - Luis Izquierdo‐Aranda
- Instituto de Tecnología QuímicaUniversitat Politécnica de València-Consejo Superior Investigaciones Científicas (UPV-CSIC)Avda. de los Naranjos s/n46022ValenciaSpain
| | - Rosa Adam
- Instituto de Tecnología QuímicaUniversitat Politécnica de València-Consejo Superior Investigaciones Científicas (UPV-CSIC)Avda. de los Naranjos s/n46022ValenciaSpain
| | - Jose R. Cabrero‐Antonino
- Instituto de Tecnología QuímicaUniversitat Politécnica de València-Consejo Superior Investigaciones Científicas (UPV-CSIC)Avda. de los Naranjos s/n46022ValenciaSpain
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Tang CK, Li YZ, Ma F, Cao Z, Mo Y. Anti-Electrostatic Main Group Metal-Metal Bonds That Activate CO 2. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:7545-7552. [PMID: 34347488 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
There has been growing interest in the CO2 capture and reduction by transition-metal-free catalysts. Here we performed a proof-of-concept study using an ab initio valence bond method called the block-localized wave function (BLW) method. The integrated BLW and density function theory (DFT) computations demonstrated that heterobimetallic Ae+/Al(I) (Ae represents alkaline earth metals Mg and Ca) Lewis acid/base combinations without transition metals can facilely capture and activate CO2. There are two remarkable findings in this study. The first concerns the ionic nature of the metal-metal bonds. The experimentally synthesized low valent aluminum compound with a bidentate β-diketiminate (BDI) ligand, or (BDI)Al(I) in brief, is a Lewis base due to the lone pair on the aluminum cation though overall Al(I) is positively charged. Al(I) can form ionic metal-metal bonds with the alkaline earth metals of the positively charged Lewis acids (BDI)Ae+. This type of ionic metal-metal bonds is counterintuitive and antielectrostatic as both metals carry positive charges. The second finding is the CO2 activation mechanism. (BDI)Al(I) can effectively bind and activate CO2 by transferring one electron to CO2, and the resulting complex can be best expressed as [(BDI)Al(I)]+[CO2]-. The participation of (BDI)Ae+ further enhances the capture and activation of CO2 by (BDI)Al(I).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Kai Tang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China
| | - Ya-Zhou Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China
| | - Fang Ma
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China
| | - Zexing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemistry Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yirong Mo
- Department of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27401, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wei Z, Tian X, Bender M, Beller M, Jiao H. Mechanisms of Co II and Acid Jointly Catalyzed Domino Conversion of CO 2, H 2, and CH 3OH to Dialkoxymethane: A DFT Study. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Wei
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, P. R. China
| | - Xinxin Tian
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, P. R. China
| | - Michael Bender
- BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Straße 38, 67056 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Matthias Beller
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Haijun Jiao
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Leopold M, Siebert M, Siegle AF, Trapp O. Reaction Network Analysis of the Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Dimethoxymethane. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202100437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Max Leopold
- Department of Chemistry Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich Butenandtstr. 5–13 D-81377 Munich Germany
| | - Max Siebert
- Department of Chemistry Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich Butenandtstr. 5–13 D-81377 Munich Germany
| | - Alexander F. Siegle
- Department of Chemistry Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich Butenandtstr. 5–13 D-81377 Munich Germany
| | - Oliver Trapp
- Department of Chemistry Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich Butenandtstr. 5–13 D-81377 Munich Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Li W, Chen J, Zhu D, Xia J. Fe‐Catalyzed Pictet‐Spengler‐Type
Cyclization
via
Selective
Four‐Electron
Reductive Functionalization of
CO
2. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen‐Duo Li
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Suzhou Research Institute of LICP, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP) Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou Gansu 730000 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Suzhou Research Institute of LICP, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP) Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou Gansu 730000 China
| | - Dao‐Yong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Suzhou Research Institute of LICP, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP) Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou Gansu 730000 China
| | - Ji‐Bao Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Suzhou Research Institute of LICP, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP) Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou Gansu 730000 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yang Y, Fu Y, You S, Li M, Qin C, Zhao L, Su Z. Synthesis and CO 2 photoreduction of two 3d–4f heterometal–organic frameworks. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj03479k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Two 3d–4f heterometal–organic frameworks with similar structures were synthesized by a steam-assisted conversion method and exhibited high activity and selectivity for the photoreduction of CO2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China
| | - Yaomei Fu
- Shandong Peninsula Engineering Research Center of Comprehensive Brine Utilization, Weifang University of Science and Technology, Shouguang, 262700, China
| | - Siqi You
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China
| | - Mingyue Li
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China
| | - Chao Qin
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China
| | - Zhongmin Su
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ritter F, Spaniol TP, Douair I, Maron L, Okuda J. Molecular Zinc Hydride Cations [ZnH] + : Synthesis, Structure, and CO 2 Hydrosilylation Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:23335-23342. [PMID: 32931656 PMCID: PMC7756573 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202011480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Protonolysis of [ZnH2 ]n with the conjugated Brønsted acid of the bidentate diamine TMEDA (N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethane-1,2-diamine) and TEEDA (N,N,N',N'-tetraethylethane-1,2-diamine) gave the zinc hydride cation [(L2 )ZnH]+ , isolable either as the mononuclear THF adduct [(L2 )ZnH(thf)]+ [BArF 4 ]- (L2 =TMEDA; BArF 4 - =[B(3,5-(CF3 )2 -C6 H3 )4 ]- ) or as the dimer [{(L2 )Zn)}2 (μ-H)2 ]2+ [BArF 4 ]- 2 (L2 =TEEDA). In contrast to [ZnH2 ]n , the cationic zinc hydrides are thermally stable and soluble in THF. [(L2 )ZnH]+ was also shown to form di- and trinuclear adducts of the elusive neutral [(L2 )ZnH2 ]. All hydride-containing cations readily inserted CO2 to give the corresponding formate complexes. [(TMEDA)ZnH]+ [BArF 4 ]- catalyzed the hydrosilylation of CO2 with tertiary hydrosilanes to give stepwise formoxy silane, methyl formate, and methoxy silane. The unexpected formation of methyl formate was shown to result from the zinc-catalyzed transesterification of methoxy silane with formoxy silane, which was eventually converted into methoxy silane as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Ritter
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152056AachenGermany
| | - Thomas P. Spaniol
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152056AachenGermany
| | - Iskander Douair
- CNRSINSAUPSUMR 5215LPCNOUniversité de Toulouse135 avenue de Rangueil31077ToulouseFrance
| | - Laurent Maron
- CNRSINSAUPSUMR 5215LPCNOUniversité de Toulouse135 avenue de Rangueil31077ToulouseFrance
| | - Jun Okuda
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152056AachenGermany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Molekulare Zinkhydridkationen [ZnH]
+
: Synthese, Struktur und CO
2
‐Hydrosilylierungskatalyse. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202011480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
25
|
Erickson JD, Preston AZ, Linehan JC, Wiedner ES. Enhanced Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide to Methanol by a Ruthenium Complex with a Charged Outer-Coordination Sphere. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c02268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy D. Erickson
- Catalysis Science Group, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Andrew Z. Preston
- Catalysis Science Group, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - John C. Linehan
- Catalysis Science Group, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Eric S. Wiedner
- Catalysis Science Group, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Siebert M, Storch G, Trapp O. A Fast and Reliable Screening Setup for Homogeneous Catalysis with Gaseous Reactants at Extreme Temperatures and Pressures. Org Process Res Dev 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.0c00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Max Siebert
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Golo Storch
- Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center (CRC), Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Oliver Trapp
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Estes DP, Leutzsch M, Schubert L, Bordet A, Leitner W. Effect of Ligand Electronics on the Reversible Catalytic Hydrogenation of CO2 to Formic Acid Using Ruthenium Polyhydride Complexes: A Thermodynamic and Kinetic Study. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c00404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deven P. Estes
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany
| | - Markus Leutzsch
- Max Planck Institute for Coal Research, Kaiser-Wilhelm Platz 1, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany
| | - Lukas Schubert
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany
| | - Alexis Bordet
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany
| | - Walter Leitner
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany
- Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Gierlich CH, Beydoun K, Klankermayer J, Palkovits R. Challenges and Opportunities in the Production of Oxymethylene Dimethylether. CHEM-ING-TECH 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201900187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Henning Gierlich
- RWTH Aachen UniversityInstitut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie Worringerweg 2 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Kassem Beydoun
- RWTH Aachen UniversityInstitut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie Worringerweg 2 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Jürgen Klankermayer
- RWTH Aachen UniversityInstitut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie Worringerweg 2 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Regina Palkovits
- RWTH Aachen UniversityInstitut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie Worringerweg 2 52074 Aachen Germany
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Fernández-Alvarez FJ, Oro LA. Iridium-Catalyzed Homogeneous Hydrogenation and Hydrosilylation of Carbon Dioxide. TOP ORGANOMETAL CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/3418_2020_52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
30
|
Siebert M, Krennrich G, Seibicke M, Siegle AF, Trapp O. Identifying high-performance catalytic conditions for carbon dioxide reduction to dimethoxymethane by multivariate modelling. Chem Sci 2019; 10:10466-10474. [PMID: 32153745 PMCID: PMC7012071 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc04591k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In times of a warming climate due to excessive carbon dioxide production, catalytic conversion of carbon dioxide to formaldehyde is not only a process of great industrial interest, but it could also serve as a means for meeting our climate goals. Currently, formaldehyde is produced in an energetically unfavourable and atom-inefficient process. A much needed solution remains academically challenging. Here we present an algorithmic workflow to improve the ruthenium-catalysed transformation of carbon dioxide to the formaldehyde derivative dimethoxymethane. Catalytic processes are typically optimised by comprehensive screening of catalysts, substrates, reaction parameters and additives to enhance activity and selectivity. The common problem of the multidimensionality of the parameter space, leading to only incremental improvement in laborious physical investigations, was overcome by combining elements from machine learning, optimisation and experimental design, tripling the turnover number of 786 to 2761. The optimised conditions were then used in a new reaction setup tailored to the process parameters leading to a turnover number of 3874, exceeding by far those of known processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Max Siebert
- Department Chemie , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Butenandtstr. 5-13 , 81377 München , Germany .
| | - Gerhard Krennrich
- Department Chemie , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Butenandtstr. 5-13 , 81377 München , Germany .
| | - Max Seibicke
- Department Chemie , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Butenandtstr. 5-13 , 81377 München , Germany .
| | - Alexander F Siegle
- Department Chemie , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Butenandtstr. 5-13 , 81377 München , Germany .
| | - Oliver Trapp
- Department Chemie , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Butenandtstr. 5-13 , 81377 München , Germany .
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Rauch M, Strater Z, Parkin G. Selective Conversion of Carbon Dioxide to Formaldehyde via a Bis(silyl)acetal: Incorporation of Isotopically Labeled C1 Moieties Derived from Carbon Dioxide into Organic Molecules. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:17754-17762. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b08342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Rauch
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Zack Strater
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Gerard Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Chu WY, Culakova Z, Wang BT, Goldberg KI. Acid-Assisted Hydrogenation of CO2 to Methanol in a Homogeneous Catalytic Cascade System. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b02280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Yi Chu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Zuzana Culakova
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Bernie T. Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Karen I. Goldberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Beydoun K, Klankermayer J. Ruthenium-Catalyzed Synthesis of Cyclic and Linear Acetals by the Combined Utilization of CO 2 , H 2 , and Biomass Derived Diols. Chemistry 2019; 25:11412-11415. [PMID: 31141252 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Herein a transition-metal catalyst system for the selective synthesis of cyclic and linear acetals from the combined utilization of carbon dioxide, molecular hydrogen, and biomass derived diols is presented. Detailed investigations on the substrate scope enabled the selectivity of the reaction to be largely guided and demonstrated the possibility of integrating a broad variety of substrate molecules. This approach allowed a change between the favored formation of cyclic acetals and linear acetals, originating from the bridging of two diols with a carbon-dioxide based methylene unit. This new synthesis option paves the way to novel fuels, solvents, or polymer building blocks, by the recently established "bio-hybrid" approach of integrating renewable energy, carbon dioxide, and biomass in a direct catalytic transformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kassem Beydoun
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Klankermayer
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Westhues N, Belleflamme M, Klankermayer J. Base‐Free Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide to Methyl Formate with a Molecular Ruthenium‐Phosphine Catalyst. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201900627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Westhues
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare ChemieRWTH Aachen University Worringerweg 2 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Maurice Belleflamme
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare ChemieRWTH Aachen University Worringerweg 2 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Jürgen Klankermayer
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare ChemieRWTH Aachen University Worringerweg 2 52074 Aachen Germany
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Zhang B, Fan Z, Guo Z, Xi C. Reduction of CO2 with NaBH4/I2 for the Conversion of Thiophenols to Aryl Methyl Sulfides. J Org Chem 2019; 84:8661-8667. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhengning Fan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhiqiang Guo
- Scientific Instrument Center, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Chanjuan Xi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Seibicke M, Siebert M, Siegle AF, Gutenthaler SM, Trapp O. Application of Hetero-Triphos Ligands in the Selective Ruthenium-Catalyzed Transformation of Carbon Dioxide to the Formaldehyde Oxidation State. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Max Seibicke
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Max Siebert
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Alexander F. Siegle
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Sophie M. Gutenthaler
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Oliver Trapp
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| |
Collapse
|