1
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Todtz SR, Schneider CW, Malakar T, Anderson C, Koska H, Zimmerman PM, Devery JJ. Controlling Catalyst Behavior in Lewis Acid-Catalyzed Carbonyl-Olefin Metathesis. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:13069-13080. [PMID: 37279356 PMCID: PMC10517625 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Lewis acid-catalyzed carbonyl-olefin metathesis has introduced a new means for revealing the behavior of Lewis acids. In particular, this reaction has led to the observation of new solution behaviors for FeCl3 that may qualitatively change how we think of Lewis acid activation. For example, catalytic metathesis reactions operate in the presence of superstoichiometric amounts of carbonyl, resulting in the formation of highly ligated (octahedral) iron geometries. These structures display reduced activity, decreasing catalyst turnover. As a result, it is necessary to steer the Fe-center away from inhibiting pathways to improve the reaction efficiency and augment yields for recalcitrant substrates. Herein, we examine the impact of the addition of TMSCl to FeCl3-catalyzed carbonyl-olefin metathesis, specifically for substrates that are prone to byproduct inhibition. Through kinetic, spectroscopic, and colligative experiments, significant deviations from the baseline metathesis reactivity are observed, including mitigation of byproduct inhibition as well as an increase in the reaction rate. Quantum chemical simulations are used to explain how TMSCl induces a change in catalyst structure that leads to these kinetic differences. Collectively, these data are consistent with the formation of a silylium catalyst, which induces the reaction through carbonyl binding. The FeCl3 activation of Si-Cl bonds to give the silylium active species is expected to have significant utility in enacting carbonyl-based transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophi R Todtz
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Flanner Hall, 1068 W Sheridan Road, Chicago, Illinois 60660, United States
| | - Cory W Schneider
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Flanner Hall, 1068 W Sheridan Road, Chicago, Illinois 60660, United States
| | - Tanmay Malakar
- Department of Chemistry, Barasat College, 10 K.N.C. Road, Barasat, Kolkata 700124, West Bengal, India
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Clare Anderson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Flanner Hall, 1068 W Sheridan Road, Chicago, Illinois 60660, United States
| | - Heather Koska
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Flanner Hall, 1068 W Sheridan Road, Chicago, Illinois 60660, United States
| | - Paul M Zimmerman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - James J Devery
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Flanner Hall, 1068 W Sheridan Road, Chicago, Illinois 60660, United States
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2
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McAtee CC, Nasrallah DJ, Ryu H, Gatazka MR, McAtee RC, Baik MH, Schindler CS. Catalytic, Interrupted Carbonyl-Olefin Metathesis for the Formation of Functionalized Cyclopentadienes. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c05535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher C. McAtee
- Department of Chemistry, Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Daniel J. Nasrallah
- Department of Chemistry, Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Ho Ryu
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Michael R. Gatazka
- Department of Chemistry, Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Rory C. McAtee
- Department of Chemistry, Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Mu-Hyun Baik
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Corinna S. Schindler
- Department of Chemistry, Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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3
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Worsawat P, Noppawan P, Croise C, Supanchaiyamat N, McElroy CR, Hunt AJ. Acid-catalysed reactions of amines with dimethyl carbonate. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:1070-1081. [PMID: 36629051 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob02222b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Highly effective acid-catalysed reactions of amines with dimethyl carbonate (DMC) have been conducted with significant yields and selectivity of carboxymethylation or methylation products. Lewis acids (FeCl3, ZnCl2, and AlCl3·6H2O), Brønsted acids (PTSA, acetic, and formic acids), and acids supported on silica (silica sulfuric and silica perchlorate) resulted in carboxymethylation of primary aliphatic amines with high conversions. It was found that the Lewis acid FeCl3 also promoted carboxymethylation of primary aromatic amines and secondary amines. At both 90 °C or an elevated temperature of 150 °C under pressure, AlCl3·6H2O demonstrated highly selective monomethylation of aromatic amines. In addition, both silica sulfuric acid and silica perchlorate at 90 °C exhibited no conversion for secondary amines but enhanced carboxymethylation with high conversions of 80.7-87.5% and selectivity of >99.00% at 150 °C in a pressure reactor. At 1.0 equivalent, both promoted excellent conversion and selectivity of primary aliphatic amines at 90 °C. In addition, they were easily recovered and reused for at least four additional reactions without significant loss of efficiency with consistent conversions and selectivity. Green metrics evaluation for the silica sulfuric acid-catalysed reaction highlighted the sustainability features of the process. Silica-supported catalysts are highly stable, making them ideal alternative catalysts for the methylation and carbonylation of various amines with DMC. Acid-catalysed DMC reactions of amines may expand the substrate scope and offer new opportunities for developing sustainable organic synthetic methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pattamabhorn Worsawat
- Materials Chemistry Research Center (MCRC), Centre of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
| | - Pakin Noppawan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, 44150, Thailand
| | - Charlotte Croise
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, YO10 5DD, UK.,Institute of Chemistry, University of Poitiers, 86000 Poitiers, France
| | - Nontipa Supanchaiyamat
- Materials Chemistry Research Center (MCRC), Centre of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
| | - Con R McElroy
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Andrew J Hunt
- Materials Chemistry Research Center (MCRC), Centre of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
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4
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Sharma D, Benny A, Gupta R, Jemmis ED, Venugopal A. Crystallographic evidence for a continuum and reversal of roles in primary-secondary interactions in antimony Lewis acids: applications in carbonyl activation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:11009-11012. [PMID: 36097954 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04027a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Primary and secondary interactions form the basis of substrate activation in Lewis-acid mediated catalysis, with most substrate activations occurring at the secondary binding site. We explore two series of antimony cations, [(NMe2CH2C6H4)(mesityl)Sb]+ (A) and [(NMe2C6H4)(mesityl)Sb]+ (B), by coordinating ligands with varying nucleophilicity at the position trans to the N-donor. The decreased nucleophilicity of the incoming ligands leads to reversal from a primary bond to a secondary interaction in A, whereas a constrained N-coordination in B diminishes the border between primary and secondary bonding. Investigations on carbonyl olefin metathesis reactions and carbonyl reduction demonstrate increased reactivity of a Lewis acid when the substrate activation occurs at the primary binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Sharma
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, 695551, India.
| | - Annabel Benny
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, 695551, India.
| | - Radhika Gupta
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Eluvathingal D Jemmis
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Ajay Venugopal
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, 695551, India.
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5
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Chen Y, Liu D, Wang R, Xu L, Tan J, Shu M, Tian L, Jin Y, Zhang X, Lin Z. Brønsted Acid-Catalyzed Carbonyl-Olefin Metathesis: Synthesis of Phenanthrenes via Phosphomolybdic Acid as a Catalyst. J Org Chem 2021; 87:351-362. [PMID: 34928599 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Compared with the impressive achievements of catalytic carbonyl-olefin metathesis (CCOM) mediated by Lewis acid catalysts, exploration of the CCOM through Brønsted acid-catalyzed approaches remains quite challenging. Herein, we disclose a synthetic protocol for the construction of a valuable polycycle scaffold through the CCOM with the inexpensive, nontoxic phosphomolybdic acid as a catalyst. The current annulations could realize carbonyl-olefin, carbonyl-alcohol, and acetal-alcohol in situ CCOM reactions and feature mild reaction conditions, simple manipulation, and scalability, making this strategy a promising alternative to the Lewis acid-catalyzed COM reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- School of Pharmacy & Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Di Liu
- School of Pharmacy & Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Rui Wang
- School of Pharmacy & Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Li Xu
- School of Pharmacy & Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Jingyao Tan
- School of Pharmacy & Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Mao Shu
- School of Pharmacy & Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Lingfeng Tian
- School of Pharmacy & Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Yuan Jin
- School of Pharmacy & Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Xiaoke Zhang
- Guizhou Provincial College-based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Zhihua Lin
- School of Pharmacy & Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
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6
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Lugosan A, Todtz SR, Alcázar A, Zeller M, Devery JJ, Lee WT. Synthesis and characterization of trigonal bipyramidal Fe III complexes and their solution behavior. Polyhedron 2021; 208. [PMID: 34566234 DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A series of air-stable trigonal bipyramidal FeIII complexes supported by a redox non-innocent NNN pincer ligand, Cz tBu(PyrR)2 - (R = iPr, Me, or H), were synthesized, fully characterized, and utilized for the investigation of the interaction between acetone and the FeIII center. The magnetic moments determined from the paramagnetic 1H NMR spectra in conjunction with EPR and Mössbauer spectroscopy indicate the presence of a high-spin ferric center. Cyclic voltammetry studies feature two quasi-reversible events corresponding to a metal-centered FeIII/II reduction around -0.40 V (vs. Fc) and a ligand-centered Cz tBu(PyrR)2/Cz tBu(PyrR)2 •+ oxidation at potentials near +0.70 V (vs. Fc). UV-Visible spectroscopy in CH2Cl2 showcases ligand-metal charge transfer (LMCT) bands, as well as coordination of acetone to Cz tBu(PyrH)2FeCl2. In situ IR spectroscopy and solution conductivity (κ) measurements of Cz tBu(PyrR)2FeCl2 with varied equivalents of acetone reveal that acetone is weakly associated with the iron center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Lugosan
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Flanner Hall, 1068 W Sheridan Rd, Chicago, IL 60660, United States
| | - Sophi R Todtz
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Flanner Hall, 1068 W Sheridan Rd, Chicago, IL 60660, United States
| | - Andrew Alcázar
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Flanner Hall, 1068 W Sheridan Rd, Chicago, IL 60660, United States
| | - Matthias Zeller
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, X-ray Crystallography, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - James J Devery
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Flanner Hall, 1068 W Sheridan Rd, Chicago, IL 60660, United States
| | - Wei-Tsung Lee
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Flanner Hall, 1068 W Sheridan Rd, Chicago, IL 60660, United States
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7
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Albright H, Davis AJ, Gomez-Lopez JL, Vonesh HL, Quach PK, Lambert TH, Schindler CS. Carbonyl-Olefin Metathesis. Chem Rev 2021; 121:9359-9406. [PMID: 34133136 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This Review describes the development of strategies for carbonyl-olefin metathesis reactions relying on stepwise, stoichiometric, or catalytic approaches. A comprehensive overview of currently available methods is provided starting with Paternò-Büchi cycloadditions between carbonyls and alkenes, followed by fragmentation of the resulting oxetanes, metal alkylidene-mediated strategies, [3 + 2]-cycloaddition approaches with strained hydrazines as organocatalysts, Lewis acid-mediated and Lewis acid-catalyzed strategies relying on the formation of intermediate oxetanes, and protocols based on initial carbon-carbon bond formation between carbonyls and alkenes and subsequent Grob-fragmentations. The Review concludes with an overview of applications of these currently available methods for carbonyl-olefin metathesis in complex molecule synthesis. Over the past eight years, the field of carbonyl-olefin metathesis has grown significantly and expanded from stoichiometric reaction protocols to efficient catalytic strategies for ring-closing, ring-opening, and cross carbonyl-olefin metathesis. The aim of this Review is to capture the status quo of the field and is expected to contribute to further advancements in carbonyl-olefin metathesis in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley Albright
- University of Michigan, Department of Chemistry, Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Ashlee J Davis
- University of Michigan, Department of Chemistry, Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jessica L Gomez-Lopez
- University of Michigan, Department of Chemistry, Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Hannah L Vonesh
- University of Michigan, Department of Chemistry, Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Phong K Quach
- Cornell University, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, 253 East Avenue, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Tristan H Lambert
- Cornell University, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, 253 East Avenue, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Corinna S Schindler
- University of Michigan, Department of Chemistry, Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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8
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Malakar T, Hanson CS, Devery JJ, Zimmerman PM. Combined Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of Lewis Acid-Carbonyl Interactions for Metathesis. ACS Catal 2021; 11:4381-4394. [PMID: 34017648 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c05277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The coordination of a carbonyl to a Lewis acid represents the first step in a wide range of catalytic transformations. In many reactions it is necessary for the Lewis acid to discriminate between starting material and product, and as a result, how these structures behave in solution must be characterized. Herein, we report the application of computational modeling to calculate properties of the solution interactions of acetone and benzaldehyde with FeCl3. Using these chemical models, we can predict spectral features in the carbonyl region of infrared (IR) spectroscopy. These simulated spectra are then directly compared to experimental spectra generated via titration-IR. We observe good agreement between theory and experiment, in that, between 0 and 1 equiv carbonyl with respect to FeCl3, a pairwise interaction dominates the spectra. When >1 equiv carbonyl is present, our theoretical model predicts two possible structures composed of 4:1 carbonyl to FeCl3, for acetone as well as benzaldehyde. When these predicted spectra are compared with titration-IR data, both structures contribute to the observed solution interactions. These findings suggest that the resting state of FeCl3-catalyzed carbonyl-based reactions employing simple substrates starts as a Lewis pair, but this structure is gradually consumed and becomes a highly ligated, catalytically less active Fe-centered complex as the reaction proceeds. An analytical model is proposed to quantify catalyst inhibition due to equilibrium between 1:1 and 4:1 carbonyl:Fe complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmay Malakar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Carly S. Hanson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Flanner Hall, 1068 West Sheridan Road, Chicago, Illinois 60660, United States
| | - James J. Devery
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Flanner Hall, 1068 West Sheridan Road, Chicago, Illinois 60660, United States
| | - Paul M. Zimmerman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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9
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Davis AJ, Watson RB, Nasrallah DJ, Gomez-Lopez JL, Schindler CS. Superelectrophilic aluminium(iii)–ion pairs promote a distinct reaction path for carbonyl–olefin ring-closing metathesis. Nat Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1038/s41929-020-00499-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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10
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Zhang Y, Sim JH, MacMillan SN, Lambert TH. Synthesis of 1,2-Dihydroquinolines via Hydrazine-Catalyzed Ring-Closing Carbonyl-Olefin Metathesis. Org Lett 2020; 22:6026-6030. [PMID: 32667809 PMCID: PMC7880559 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of 1,2-dihydroquinolines by the hydrazine-catalyzed ring-closing carbonyl-olefin metathesis (RCCOM) of N-prenylated 2-aminobenzaldehydes is reported. Substrates with a variety of substitution patterns are shown. With an acid-labile protecting group on the nitrogen atom, in situ deprotection and autoxidation furnish quinoline. In comparison with related oxygen-containing substrates, the cycloaddition step of the catalytic cycle is shown to be slower, but the cycloreversion is found to be more facile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Jae Hun Sim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Samantha N. MacMillan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Tristan H. Lambert
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
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11
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Jermaks J, Quach PK, Seibel ZM, Pomarole J, Lambert TH. Ring-opening carbonyl-olefin metathesis of norbornenes. Chem Sci 2020; 11:7884-7895. [PMID: 34094159 PMCID: PMC8163149 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02243h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A computational and experimental study of the hydrazine-catalyzed ring-opening carbonyl-olefin metathesis of norbornenes is described. Detailed theoretical investigation of the energetic landscape for the full reaction pathway with six different hydrazines revealed several crucial aspects for the design of next-generation hydrazine catalysts. This study indicated that a [2.2.2]-bicyclic hydrazine should offer substantially increased reactivity versus the previously reported [2.2.1]-hydrazine due to a lowered activation barrier for the rate-determining cycloreversion step, a prediction which was verified experimentally. Optimized conditions for both cycloaddition and cycloreversion steps were identified, and a brief substrate scope study for each was conducted. A complication for catalysis was found to be the slow hydrolysis of the ring-opened hydrazonium intermediates, which were shown to suffer from a competitive and irreversible cycloaddition with a second equivalent of norbornene. This problem was overcome by the strategic incorporation of a bridgehead methyl group on the norbornene ring, leading to the first demonstrated catalytic carbonyl-olefin metathesis of norbornene rings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janis Jermaks
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University Ithaca New York 14853 USA
| | - Phong K Quach
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University Ithaca New York 14853 USA
| | - Zara M Seibel
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University New York New York 10025 USA
| | - Julien Pomarole
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University New York New York 10025 USA
| | - Tristan H Lambert
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University Ithaca New York 14853 USA
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University New York New York 10025 USA
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12
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Complementarity in Cyclotricatechylene Assemblies: Symmetric Cages Linked within 3D Cubic Hydrogen Bonded Networks. CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/chemistry2020035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A serendipitous discovery has led to the generation of a family of four compounds in which six components combine to form symmetric metal-cyclotricatechylene (H6ctc) cages. The four compounds, which have the compositions, [Cs((CH3)2CO)6][K4(H6ctc)4(H2O)8][Cs4(H2O)6](PO4)3, [Rb((CH3)2CO)6][Rb2K2(H6ctc)4(H2O)6][Rb4(H2O)6](PO4)3, [Cs((CH3)2CO)6][K4(H6ctc)4(H2O)8]-[Cs(H2O)9](SO4)3 and [Rb((CH3)2CO)6][Rb2K2(H6ctc)4(H2O)6][Rb(H2O)9](SO4)3 possess cubic symmetry that arises from the complementary interactions that govern the assembly of the components. The cage cavities contain water molecules and either one or four large alkali metal ions (either Rb+ or Cs+) which interact with the internal aromatic surfaces of the cage. Each cage is linked to six tetrahedral anions (PO43− or SO42−) through 24 equivalent hydrogen bonds and each anion bridges a pair of cages through eight such hydrogen bonds. An unusual octahedral complex M((CH3)2CO)6+ (M = Rb or Cs), in which the M-C=O link is linear, appears to be a key structural component. A feature of this family of crystalline compounds is the presence of a range of complementary interactions which combine to generate materials that exhibit high crystallographic symmetry.
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13
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Albright H, Vonesh HL, Schindler CS. Superelectrophilic Fe(III)–Ion Pairs as Stronger Lewis Acid Catalysts for (E)-Selective Intermolecular Carbonyl–Olefin Metathesis. Org Lett 2020; 22:3155-3160. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Haley Albright
- Department of Chemistry, Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Hannah L. Vonesh
- Department of Chemistry, Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Corinna S. Schindler
- Department of Chemistry, Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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14
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Rykaczewski KA, Groso EJ, Vonesh HL, Gaviria MA, Richardson AD, Zehnder TE, Schindler CS. Tetrahydropyridines via FeCl3-Catalyzed Carbonyl–Olefin Metathesis. Org Lett 2020; 22:2844-2848. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katie A. Rykaczewski
- Department of Chemistry, Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Emilia J. Groso
- Department of Chemistry, Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Hannah L. Vonesh
- Department of Chemistry, Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Mario A. Gaviria
- Department of Chemistry, Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Alistair D. Richardson
- Department of Chemistry, Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Troy E. Zehnder
- Department of Chemistry, Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Corinna S. Schindler
- Department of Chemistry, Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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15
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Hanson CS, Devery JJ. Characterizing Lewis Pairs Using Titration Coupled with In Situ Infrared Spectroscopy. J Vis Exp 2020. [PMID: 32150174 DOI: 10.3791/60745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lewis acid-activation of carbonyl-containing substrates is a fundamental basis for facilitating transformations in organic chemistry. Historically, characterization of these interactions has been limited to models equivalent to stoichiometric reactions. Here, we report a method utilizing in situ infrared spectroscopy to probe the solution interactions between Lewis acids and carbonyls under synthetically relevant conditions. Using this method, we were able to identify 1:1 complexation between GaCl3 and acetone and a highly ligated complex for FeCl3 and acetone. The impact of this technique on mechanistic understanding is illustrated by application to the mechanism of Lewis acid-mediated carbonyl-olefin metathesis in which we were able to observe competitive binding interactions between substrate carbonyl and product carbonyl with the catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly S Hanson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago
| | - James J Devery
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago;
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McFarlin AT, Watson RB, Zehnder TE, Schindler CS. Interrupted Carbonyl‐Alkyne Metathesis. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Austin T. McFarlin
- Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, Department of Chemistry University of Michigan 930 North University Avenue Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 United States
| | - Rebecca B. Watson
- Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, Department of Chemistry University of Michigan 930 North University Avenue Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 United States
| | - Troy E. Zehnder
- Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, Department of Chemistry University of Michigan 930 North University Avenue Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 United States
| | - Corinna S. Schindler
- Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, Department of Chemistry University of Michigan 930 North University Avenue Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 United States
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Hanson CS, Psaltakis MC, Cortes JJ, Siddiqi SS, Devery JJ. Investigation of Lewis Acid-Carbonyl Solution Interactions via Infrared-Monitored Titration. J Org Chem 2020; 85:820-832. [PMID: 31830419 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Lewis acid-activation of carbonyl-containing substrates is broadly utilized in organic synthesis. In order to facilitate the development of novel reaction pathways and understand existing methods, it is necessary to determine the solution interactions between Lewis acids and Lewis bases. Herein, we report the application of in situ infrared spectroscopy and solution conductivity toward the identification of the solution structures formed when a range of carbonyl compounds are combined with catalytically active metal halide Lewis acids under synthetically relevant conditions. These data are consistent with formation of Lewis acid-dependent complexes, where metals of low relative Lewis acidity display no ground state interaction with carbonyls. Conversely, we observed the formation of polyligated complexes when stronger Lewis acids (SnCl4, TiCl4, ZrCl4, FeCl3, and AlCl3) were treated with ketones, aldehydes, and esters. This collection of observations is intended to assist the synthetic chemist in the design of new catalysts and the development of novel methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly S Hanson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , Loyola University Chicago , Flanner Hall, 1068 W Sheridan Road , Chicago , Illinois 60660 , United States
| | - Mary C Psaltakis
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , Loyola University Chicago , Flanner Hall, 1068 W Sheridan Road , Chicago , Illinois 60660 , United States
| | - Janiel J Cortes
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , Loyola University Chicago , Flanner Hall, 1068 W Sheridan Road , Chicago , Illinois 60660 , United States
| | - Sameera S Siddiqi
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , Loyola University Chicago , Flanner Hall, 1068 W Sheridan Road , Chicago , Illinois 60660 , United States
| | - James J Devery
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , Loyola University Chicago , Flanner Hall, 1068 W Sheridan Road , Chicago , Illinois 60660 , United States
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18
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Djurovic A, Vayer M, Li Z, Guillot R, Baltaze JP, Gandon V, Bour C. Synthesis of Medium-Sized Carbocycles by Gallium-Catalyzed Tandem Carbonyl–Olefin Metathesis/Transfer Hydrogenation. Org Lett 2019; 21:8132-8137. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Djurovic
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d’Orsay (ICMMO), CNRS UMR 8182, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 420, Orsay 91405 Cedex, France
| | - Marie Vayer
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d’Orsay (ICMMO), CNRS UMR 8182, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 420, Orsay 91405 Cedex, France
| | - Zhilong Li
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d’Orsay (ICMMO), CNRS UMR 8182, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 420, Orsay 91405 Cedex, France
| | - Regis Guillot
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d’Orsay (ICMMO), CNRS UMR 8182, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 420, Orsay 91405 Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Baltaze
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d’Orsay (ICMMO), CNRS UMR 8182, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 420, Orsay 91405 Cedex, France
| | - Vincent Gandon
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d’Orsay (ICMMO), CNRS UMR 8182, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 420, Orsay 91405 Cedex, France
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire (LCM), CNRS UMR 9168, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, route de Saclay, Palaiseau 91128 Cedex, France
| | - Christophe Bour
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d’Orsay (ICMMO), CNRS UMR 8182, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 420, Orsay 91405 Cedex, France
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19
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Chen D, Zhuang D, Zhao Y, Xie Q, Zhu J. Reaction mechanisms of iron(iii) catalyzed carbonyl–olefin metatheses in 2,5- and 3,5-hexadienals: significant substituent and aromaticity effects. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo01008d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Theoretical calculations reveal significant substituent and aromaticity effects on Fe(iii)-catalyzed carbonyl–olefin metatheses of hexadienals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM)
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005
| | - Danling Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM)
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005
| | - Yu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM)
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005
| | - Qiong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM)
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM)
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005
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