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Yoo D, Park S, Oh S, Kim MP, Park K. In Situ Analysis of Binder Degradation during Catalyst-Accelerated Stress Test of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:4425. [PMID: 39274815 PMCID: PMC11395920 DOI: 10.3390/ma17174425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2024] [Revised: 09/01/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024]
Abstract
High-oxygen-permeability ionomers (HOPIs) are being actively developed to enhance the performance and durability of high-power polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). While methods for evaluating binder performance are well-established, techniques for assessing binder durability and measuring its degradation in situ during the AST process remain limited. This study examines the distribution of relaxation times (DRT) and Warburg-like response (WLR) methods as in situ analysis techniques during the catalyst-accelerated stress test (AST) process. We conducted catalyst-ASTs (0.6-0.95 V cycling) for 20,000 cycles, monitoring changes using cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and linear sweep voltammetry (LSV). Contrary to expectations, during the catalyst-AST, the ion transport resistance of the binder decreased, indicating no binder degradation. Scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM/EDS) analysis revealed that the degradation rate of the catalyst and the support was relatively higher than that of the binder, leading to a reduction in catalyst layer thickness and improved binder network formation. By applying the DRT method during the catalyst-AST process, we were able to measure the increase in oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) resistance and the decrease in proton transport resistance in situ. This allowed for the real-time detection of the reduction in catalyst layer thickness and improvements in ionomer networks due to catalyst and support degradation. These findings provide new insights into the complex interplay between catalyst degradation and binder performance, contributing to the development of more durable PEMFC components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donggeun Yoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujung Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohyeong Oh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsoo P Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwonpil Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
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2
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Miyajima T, Saito S, Okuyama T, Matsushita S, Shimohira T, Matsuba G. Orientation Control of Perfluorosulfonic Acid Films via Addition of 1,2,4-Triazole during Casting. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:2533. [PMID: 39274165 PMCID: PMC11397893 DOI: 10.3390/polym16172533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2024] [Revised: 09/01/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) polymers are used as electrolyte membranes in polymer electrolyte fuel cells. To investigate the effect on proton conductivity through structural orientation control, we added 1,2,4-triazole to PFSA films during casting to impart anisotropy to the ion-cluster structure of the films. The proton conductivities of the films were found to be high in the film-surface direction and low in the film-thickness direction. Structural analysis using small-angle X-ray scattering suggested that the anisotropy in proton conductivity was due to anisotropy in the ion-cluster structure, which in turn was attributed to the formation of a phase-separated structure via strong bonding between sulfonic acid groups and 1,2,4-triazole during cast film formation and the surface segregation of fluorine. We expect the findings of this study to aid in the fabrication of PFSA films with controlled ion clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Miyajima
- Innovative Technology Research Center, AGC Inc., 1-1 Suehirocho, Turumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
- Department of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa 992-8510, Japan
| | - Susumu Saito
- Innovative Technology Research Center, AGC Inc., 1-1 Suehirocho, Turumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Takumi Okuyama
- Innovative Technology Research Center, AGC Inc., 1-1 Suehirocho, Turumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Satoshi Matsushita
- Innovative Technology Research Center, AGC Inc., 1-1 Suehirocho, Turumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Shimohira
- Innovative Technology Research Center, AGC Inc., 1-1 Suehirocho, Turumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Go Matsuba
- Department of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa 992-8510, Japan
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3
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Huang L, Niu H, Xia C, Li FM, Shahid Z, Xia BY. Integration Construction of Hybrid Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2404773. [PMID: 38829366 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202404773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
There is notable progress in the development of efficient oxygen reduction electrocatalysts, which are crucial components of fuel cells. However, these superior activities are limited by imbalanced mass transport and cannot be fully reflected in actual fuel cell applications. Herein, the design concepts and development tracks of platinum (Pt)-nanocarbon hybrid catalysts, aiming to enhance the performance of both cathodic electrocatalysts and fuel cells, are presented. This review commences with an introduction to Pt/C catalysts, highlighting the diverse architectures developed to date, with particular emphasis on heteroatom modification and microstructure construction of functionalized nanocarbons based on integrated design concepts. This discussion encompasses the structural evolution, property enhancement, and catalytic mechanisms of Pt/C-based catalysts, including rational preparation recipes, superior activity, strong stability, robust metal-support interactions, adsorption regulation, synergistic pathways, confinement strategies, ionomer optimization, mass transport permission, multidimensional construction, and reactor upgrading. Furthermore, this review explores the low-barrier or barrier-free mass exchange interfaces and channels achieved through the impressive multidimensional construction of Pt-nanocarbon integrated catalysts, with the goal of optimizing fuel cell efficiency. In conclusion, this review outlines the challenges associated with Pt-nanocarbon integrated catalysts and provides perspectives on the future development trends of fuel cells and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland (UOA), Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Huiting Niu
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Chenfeng Xia
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Fu-Min Li
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zaman Shahid
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Bao Yu Xia
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, China
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4
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He M, Li R, Cheng C, Liu C, Zhang B. Microenvironment regulation breaks the Faradaic efficiency-current density trade-off for electrocatalytic deuteration using D 2O. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5231. [PMID: 38898044 PMCID: PMC11187139 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49544-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The high Faradaic efficiency (FE) of the electrocatalytic deuteration of organics with D2O at a large current density is significant for deuterated electrosynthesis. However, the FE and current density are the two ends of a seesaw because of the severe D2 evolution side reaction at nearly industrial current densities. Herein, we report a combined scenario of a nanotip-enhanced electric field and surfactant-modified interface microenvironment to enable the electrocatalytic deuteration of arylacetonitrile in D2O with an 80% FE at -100 mA cm-2. The increased concentration with low activation energy of arylacetonitrile due to the large electric field along the tips and the accelerated arylacetonitrile transfer and suppressed D2 evolution by the surfactant-created deuterophobic microenvironment contribute to breaking the trade-off between a high FE and large current density. Furthermore, the application of our strategy in other deuteration reactions with improved Faradaic efficiencies at -100 mA cm-2 rationalizes the design concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng He
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Chuanqi Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Cuibo Liu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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Cheng X, Zhou J, Luo L, Shen S, Zhang J. Boosting Bulk Oxygen Transport with Accessible Electrode Nanostructure in Low Pt Loading PEMFCs. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2308563. [PMID: 38342709 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Despite the high potential for reducing carbon emissions and contributing to the future of energy utilization, polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) face challenges such as high costs and sluggish oxygen transport in cathode catalyst layers (CCLs). In this study, the impact of pore size distribution on bulk oxygen transport behavior is explored by introducing nano calcium carbonate of varying particle sizes for pore-forming. Physicochemical characterizations for are employed to examine the electrode structure, while in situ electrochemical measurements are used to scrutinize bulk oxygen transport resistance, effective oxygen diffusivity (D O 2 eff $D_{{{\mathrm{O}}}_2}^{{\mathrm{eff}}}$ ) and fuel cell performance. Additionally, the CCLs are constructed with aid of Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) simulations andD O 2 eff $D_{{{\mathrm{O}}}_2}^{{\mathrm{eff}}}$ for CCLs with different pore size distribution are calculated. The findings reveal thatD O 2 eff $D_{{{\mathrm{O}}}_2}^{{\mathrm{eff}}}$ initially increases and then decreases as the most probable pore size increases. A "sphere-pipe" model is proposed to describe practical bulk oxygen transport in CCLs, highlighting the significant role of not only the pore size of secondary pores but also the number of primary pores in bulk oxygen transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Cheng
- Institute of Fuel Cells, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jinghao Zhou
- SJTU Paris Elite Institute of Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Liuxuan Luo
- Institute of Fuel Cells, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Shuiyun Shen
- Institute of Fuel Cells, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Junliang Zhang
- Institute of Fuel Cells, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Power & Machinery Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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6
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Yamaguchi M, Kuroda S, Asaoka T, Shinohara K. Fast Field-Cycling Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Relaxometry of Perfluorosulfonic Acid Ionomers and Their Perfluorosulfonyl Fluoride Precursors Membranes. Molecules 2024; 29:2552. [PMID: 38893428 PMCID: PMC11174070 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The spin-lattice relaxation rates (R1) of fluorine nuclei in perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) ionomer membranes and their precursor solid perfluorosulfonyl fluoride (PFSF) were measured by fast field-cycling (FFC) NMR relaxometry. The XRD profiles of PFSA and PFSF are similar and show a characteristic peak, indicating the alignment of main chains. While the SAXS profiles of the PFSA membranes show two peaks, those of the solid PFSF lack the ionomer peak which is characteristic of hydrophilic side chains in the PFSA ionomer membranes. The Larmor frequency dependence of R1 obeys power law and the indices are dependent on the sample and temperature. The indices of the PFSA membranes change from -1/2 to -1 along with the Larmor frequency and temperature dependence decrease, which is consistent with the generalized defect diffusion model. Estimated activation energies are in good agreement with those obtained from dynamical mechanical analysis and dielectric spectroscopy, indicating the segmental motion of the backbones as the common origin of these observations. On the other hand, the index changes to -3/4 in the case of the PFSFs, which has been predicted by the reptation model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Yamaguchi
- FC-Cubic (Fuel Cell Cutting-Edge Research Center), Technology Research Association, 3147 Shimomukoyama-cho, Kofu 400-1507, Yamanashi, Japan
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7
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Jo SY, Kim H, Park H, Ahn CY, Chung DY. Investigating Electrode-Ionomer Interface Phenomena for Electrochemical Energy Applications. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202301016. [PMID: 38146665 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202301016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
The endeavor to develop high-performance electrochemical energy applications has underscored the growing importance of comprehending the intricate dynamics within an electrode's structure and their influence on overall performance. This review investigates the complexities of electrode-ionomer interactions, which play a critical role in optimizing electrochemical reactions. Our examination encompasses both microscopic and meso/macro scale functions of ionomers at the electrode-ionomer interface, providing a thorough analysis of how these interactions can either enhance or impede surface reactions. Furthermore, this review explores the broader-scale implications of ionomer distribution within porous electrodes, taking into account factors like ionomer types, electrode ink formulation, and carbon support interactions. We also present and evaluate state-of-the-art techniques for investigating ionomer distribution, including electrochemical methods, imaging, modeling, and analytical techniques. Finally, the performance implications of these phenomena are discussed in the context of energy conversion devices. Through this comprehensive exploration of intricate interactions, this review contributes to the ongoing advancements in the field of energy research, ultimately facilitating the design and development of more efficient and sustainable energy devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Yeong Jo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of, Korea
| | - Hanjoo Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of, Korea
| | - Hyein Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of, Korea
| | - Chi-Yeong Ahn
- Alternative Fuels and Power System Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Ships and Ocean Engineering (KRISO), Daejeon, 34103, Republic of, Korea
- Department of Green Mobility, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of, Korea
| | - Dong Young Chung
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of, Korea
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8
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Favero S, Stephens IEL, Titirci MM. Anion Exchange Ionomers: Design Considerations and Recent Advances - An Electrochemical Perspective. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2308238. [PMID: 37891006 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202308238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Alkaline-based electrochemical devices, such as anion exchange membrane (AEM) fuel cells and electrolyzers, are receiving increasing attention. However, while the catalysts and membrane are methodically studied, the ionomer is largely overlooked. In fact, most of the studies in alkaline electrolytes are conducted using the commercial proton exchange ionomer Nafion. The ionomer provides ionic conductivity; it is also essential for gas transport and water management, as well as for controlling the mechanical stability and the morphology of the catalyst layer. Moreover, the ionomer has distinct requirements that differ from those of anion-exchange membranes, such as a high gas permeability, and that depend on the specific electrode, such as water management. As a result, it is necessary to tailor the ionomer structure to the specific application in isolation and as part of the catalyst layer. In this review, an overview of the current state of the art for anion exchange ionomers is provided, summarizing their specific requirements and limitations in the context of AEM electrolyzers and fuel cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Favero
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, England, SW7 2BU, UK
| | - Ifan E L Stephens
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, England, SW7 2BU, UK
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9
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Lee DW, Hyun J, Oh E, Seok K, Bae H, Park J, Kim HT. Potential-Dependent Ionomer Rearrangement on the Pt Surface in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:4637-4647. [PMID: 38251952 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c15827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The interface between the catalyst and the ionomer in the catalyst layer of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) has been a subject of keen interest, but its effect on durability has not been fully understood due to the complexity of the catalyst layer structure. Herein, we utilize a Pt nanoparticle (NP) array electrode fabricated using a block copolymer template as the platform for a focused investigation of the interfacial change between the Nafion thin film and the Pt NP under a constant potential. A set of analyses for the electrodes treated with various potentials reveals that the Nafion thin film becomes densely packed at the intermediate potentials (0.4 and 0.7 V), indicating an increased ionomer-catalyst interaction due to the positive charges formed at the Pt surface at these potentials. Even for a practical PEMFC single cell, we demonstrate that the potential holding at the intermediate potentials increases ionomer adsorption to the Pt surface and the oxygen transport resistance, negatively impacting its power performance. This work provides fresh insight into the mechanism behind the performance fade in PEMFCs caused by potential-dependent ionomer rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wook Lee
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghyun Hyun
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Euntaek Oh
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghwa Seok
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanmin Bae
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeesoo Park
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Tak Kim
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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10
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Kikkawa N, Kimura M. Comprehensive Molecular Dynamics Study of Oxygen Diffusion in Carbon Mesopores: Insights for Designing Fuel-Cell Catalyst Supports. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:1674-1687. [PMID: 38198684 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Mesoporous carbon is often used as a support for platinum catalysts in polymer electrolyte fuel-cell catalyst layers. Mesopores in the carbon support improve the performance of fuel cells by inhibiting the adsorption of ionomer onto the catalyst particles. However, the mesopores may impair mass transport. Hence, understanding molecular behaviors in the pores is essential to optimizing the mesopore structures. Specifically, it is crucial to understand the oxygen transport in the high-current region. In this study, the diffusion coefficients of oxygen molecules in carbon mesopores were calculated for various pore lengths, pore diameters, filling rates, and water contents in the ionomer via molecular dynamics simulations. The results show that oxygen diffusion slows by 2 orders of magnitude because of pore occlusion, and it slows down by an additional 1 or 2 orders of magnitude if ionomers are present in the pores. The occlusion can be theoretically predicted by considering the surface free energy. This theory provides some insight into mesoporous carbon designs; for instance, the theory suggests that narrow pores should be shortened to prevent occlusion. Slow diffusion in the presence of ionomers was attributed to the localization of oxygen at the dense ionomer-carbon interface. Thus, to improve oxygen transport properties, carbon surfaces and ionomer structures may be designed in such a manner as to prevent densification at the interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuaki Kikkawa
- Toyota Central RD Laboratories, Inc., Yokomichi 41-1, Nagakute 480-1192, Aichi Japan
| | - Masayuki Kimura
- Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota 1, Toyota 471-8571, Aichi Japan
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11
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Kim YS. Hydrocarbon Ionomeric Binders for Fuel Cells and Electrolyzers. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2303914. [PMID: 37814366 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Ionomeric binders in catalyst layers, abbreviated as ionomers, play an essential role in the performance of polymer-electrolyte membrane fuel cells and electrolyzers. Due to environmental issues associated with perfluoroalkyl substances, alternative hydrocarbon ionomers have drawn substantial attention over the past few years. This review surveys literature to discuss ionomer requirements for the electrodes of fuel cells and electrolyzers, highlighting design principles of hydrocarbon ionomers to guide the development of advanced hydrocarbon ionomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Seung Kim
- MPA-11: Materials Synthesis and Integrated Devices, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
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12
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Tang M, Yan H, Zhang X, Zheng Z, Chen S. Materials Strategies Tackling Interfacial Issues in Catalyst Layers of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2306387. [PMID: 38018316 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202306387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
The most critical challenge for the large-scale commercialization of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), one of the primary hydrogen energy technologies, is to achieve decent output performance with low usage of platinum (Pt). Currently, the performance of PEMFCs is largely limited by two issues at the catalyst/ionomer interface, specifically, the poisoning of active sites of Pt by sulfonate groups and the extremely sluggish local oxygen transport toward Pt. In the past few years, emerging strategies are derived to tackle these interface problems through materials optimization and innovation. This perspective summarizes the latest advances in this regard, and in the meantime unveils the molecule-level mechanisms behind the materials modulation of interfacial structures. This paper starts with a brief introduction of processes and structures of catalyst/ionomer interfaces, which is followed by a detailed review of progresses in key materials toward interface optimization, including catalysts, ionomers, and additives, with particular emphasis on the role of materials structure in regulating the intermolecular interactions. Finally, the challenges for the application of the established materials and research directions to broaden the material library are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihua Tang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Huangli Yan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xianming Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zhenying Zheng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Shengli Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
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13
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Sun X, Guan J, Wang X, Li X, Zheng J, Li S, Zhang S. Phosphonated Ionomers of Intrinsic Microporosity with Partially Ordered Structure for High-Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2023; 9:733-741. [PMID: 37122458 PMCID: PMC10141605 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
High mass transport resistance within the catalyst layer is one of the major factors restricting the performance and low Pt loadings of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). To resolve the issue, a novel partially ordered phosphonated ionomer (PIM-P) with both an intrinsic microporous structure and proton-conductive functionality was designed as the catalyst binder to improve the mass transport of electrodes. The rigid and contorted structure of PIM-P limits the free movement of the conformation and the efficient packing of polymer chains, resulting in the formation of a robust gas transmission channel. The phosphonated groups provide sites for stable proton conduction. In particular, by incorporating fluorinated and phosphonated groups strategically on the local side chains, an orderly stacking of molecular chains based on group assembly contributes to the construction of efficient mass transport pathways. The peak power density of the membrane electrode assembly with the PIM-P ionomer is 18-379% greater than that of those with commercial or porous catalyst binders at 160 °C under an H2/O2 condition. This study emphasizes the crucial role of ordered structure in the rapid conduction of polymers with intrinsic microporosity and provides a new idea for increasing mass transport at electrodes from the perspective of structural design instead of complex processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Sun
- Key
Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University
of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jiayu Guan
- Key
Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University
of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University
of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Key
Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University
of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jifu Zheng
- Key
Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- E-mail:
| | - Shenghai Li
- Key
Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University
of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Suobo Zhang
- Key
Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University
of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- E-mail:
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14
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Harada M, Kajiya S, Mitsuoka T, Takata SI, Iwase H, Aoki H. Scattering investigations into the structures of polymer-electrolyte-fuel-cell catalyst layers exhibiting robust performance against varying water fractions of catalyst ink solvents. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2023.131183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
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15
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Hee Lee J, Hyun Kwon S, Kang H, Hye Lee J, Geol Lee S. Investigation of structural and transport properties of highly oxygen-permeable ionomer in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells using molecular dynamics simulations. J IND ENG CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2023.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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16
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Wen Z, Wu D, Banham D, Chen M, Sun F, Zhao Z, Jin Y, Fan L, Xu S, Gu M, Fan J, Li H. Micromodification of the Catalyst Layer by CO to Increase Pt Utilization for Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:903-913. [PMID: 36542539 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c16524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Improving the utilization of platinum in proton-exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells is critical to reducing their cost. In the past decade, numerous Pt-based oxygen reduction reaction catalysts with high specific and mass activities have been developed. However, the high activities are mostly achieved in rotating disk electrode (RDE) measurement and have rarely been accomplished at the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) level. The failure of these direct translations from RDE to MEA has been well documented with several key reasons having been previously identified. One of them is the resistance caused by complex mass transport pathways in the MEA. Herein, we improve the proton and oxygen transportations in the MEA by building a thin and uniform distribution of ionomer on the catalyst surface. As a result, a PEM fuel cell design is capable of showing a current density improvement of 38% at the same voltage (0.6 V) under the H2/air operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengyin Wen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen518055, China
| | - Duojie Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen518055, China
| | - Dustin Banham
- School of Materials Science and Hydrogen Energy, Foshan University, Foshan528000, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Hydrogen Energy Technologies, Foshan528000, China
- Guangdong TaiJi Power, No. 25 Xingliang Road, Hecheng Street, Foshan528000, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen518055, China
| | - Fengman Sun
- Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin150001, China
| | - Zhiliang Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen518055, China
| | - Yiqi Jin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen518055, China
| | - Li Fan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen518055, China
| | - Shaoyi Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen518055, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Meng Gu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen518055, China
| | - Jiantao Fan
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen518055, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Materials for Electric Power, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen518055, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen518055, China
- Key University Laboratory of Highly Efficient Utilization of Solar Energy and Sustainable Development, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Hydrogen Energy, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen518055, China
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17
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Yoshimune W. Dependence of oxygen transport properties of catalyst layers for polymer electrolyte fuel cells on the fabrication process. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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18
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Yoshimune W, Kikkawa N, Yoneyama H, Takahashi N, Minami S, Akimoto Y, Mitsuoka T, Kawaura H, Harada M, Yamada NL, Aoki H. Interfacial Distribution of Nafion Ionomer Thin Films on Nitrogen-Modified Carbon Surfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:53744-53754. [PMID: 36416068 PMCID: PMC10806603 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c14574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Chemically modified carbon supports for the cathode catalyst layers of polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) show considerable promise for boosting the oxygen reduction reaction. This study evaluated the ionomer distribution of Nafion ionomer thin films on nitrogen (N)-modified carbon surfaces along their depth direction. Neutron reflectivity (NR) measurements performed using the double-contrast technique with H2O and D2O revealed that the introduction of N functional groups to carbon thin films promoted ionomer adsorption onto the surface under wet conditions (22 °C, 85% relative humidity). Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations conducted to verify the origin of the robust contact between the ionomer and N-modified carbon surface revealed an ionomer adsorption mechanism on the N-modified carbon surfaces, which involved Coulomb interactions between the positively charged carbon surface and the ionomer side chains with negatively charged sulfonic acid groups. The positive surface charge, which was determined using the contents of the N functional groups estimated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, was found to be sufficient as an impetus for ionomer adsorption. This strategy involving NR measurements and MD simulations can provide insights into the solid-ionomer interfacial structures in a cathode catalyst layer and can therefore be extensively employed in studies on PEFCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Yoshimune
- Toyota
Central R&D Labs, Inc., 41-1 Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi480-1192, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Kikkawa
- Toyota
Central R&D Labs, Inc., 41-1 Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi480-1192, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Yoneyama
- Toyota
Central R&D Labs, Inc., 41-1 Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi480-1192, Japan
| | - Naoko Takahashi
- Toyota
Central R&D Labs, Inc., 41-1 Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi480-1192, Japan
| | - Saori Minami
- Toyota
Central R&D Labs, Inc., 41-1 Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi480-1192, Japan
| | - Yusuke Akimoto
- Toyota
Central R&D Labs, Inc., 41-1 Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi480-1192, Japan
| | - Takuya Mitsuoka
- Toyota
Central R&D Labs, Inc., 41-1 Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi480-1192, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kawaura
- Toyota
Central R&D Labs, Inc., 41-1 Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi480-1192, Japan
| | - Masashi Harada
- Toyota
Central R&D Labs, Inc., 41-1 Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi480-1192, Japan
| | - Norifumi L. Yamada
- Institute
of Materials Structure Science, High Energy
Accelerator Research Organization, Naka-gun, Ibaraki319-1106, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Aoki
- Institute
of Materials Structure Science, High Energy
Accelerator Research Organization, Naka-gun, Ibaraki319-1106, Japan
- Materials
and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Naka-gun, Ibaraki319-1195, Japan
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19
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Lee C, Wang X, Peng JK, Katzenberg A, Ahluwalia RK, Kusoglu A, Komini Babu S, Spendelow JS, Mukundan R, Borup RL. Toward a Comprehensive Understanding of Cation Effects in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:35555-35568. [PMID: 35881157 PMCID: PMC9376928 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c07085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Metal alloy catalysts (e.g., Pt-Co) are widely used in fuel cells for improving the oxygen reduction reaction kinetics. Despite the promise, the leaching of the alloying element contaminates the ionomer/membrane, leading to poor durability. However, the underlying mechanisms by which cation contamination affects fuel cell performance remain poorly understood. Here, we provide a comprehensive understanding of cation contamination effects through the controlled doping of electrodes. We couple electrochemical testing results with membrane conductivity/water uptake measurements and impedance modeling to pinpoint where and how the losses in performance occur. We identify that (1) ∼44% of Co2+ exchange of the ionomer can be tolerated in the electrode, (2) loss in performance is predominantly induced by O2 and proton transport losses, and (3) Co2+ preferentially resides in the electrode under wet operating conditions. Our results provide a first-of-its-kind mechanistic explanation for cation effects and inform strategies for mitigating these undesired effects when using alloy catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- ChungHyuk Lee
- Material
Synthesis and Integrated Devices Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- Energy
Systems Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Jui-Kun Peng
- Energy
Systems Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Adlai Katzenberg
- Energy
Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Rajesh K. Ahluwalia
- Energy
Systems Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Ahmet Kusoglu
- Energy
Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Siddharth Komini Babu
- Material
Synthesis and Integrated Devices Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Jacob S. Spendelow
- Material
Synthesis and Integrated Devices Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Rangachary Mukundan
- Material
Synthesis and Integrated Devices Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Rod L. Borup
- Material
Synthesis and Integrated Devices Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
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20
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Çelebi EB, Hacıvelioğlu F. Improving the mechanical and methanol crossover properties of fluorinated sulfonic acid functional polyphosphazenes by blending with polyvinylidene difluoride for fuel cell applications. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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21
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Yu W, Zhang K, Zhang J, Liang X, Ge X, Ge Z, Wei C, Song W, Xu T, Wu L. Efficient lamellar two‐dimensional proton channels derived from dipole interactions in a polyelectrolyte membrane. AIChE J 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.17731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Weisheng Yu
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Functional Membrane Materials and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Material Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Kaiyu Zhang
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Functional Membrane Materials and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Material Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Functional Membrane Materials and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Material Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Xian Liang
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Functional Membrane Materials and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Material Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Xiaolin Ge
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Functional Membrane Materials and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Material Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Zijuan Ge
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Functional Membrane Materials and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Material Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Chengpeng Wei
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Functional Membrane Materials and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Material Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Wanjie Song
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Functional Membrane Materials and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Material Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Tongwen Xu
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Functional Membrane Materials and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Material Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Liang Wu
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Functional Membrane Materials and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Material Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
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22
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Yu W, Ge Z, Zhang K, Liang X, Ge X, Wang H, Li M, Shen X, Xu Y, Wu L, Xu T. Development of a High-Performance Proton Exchange Membrane: From Structural Optimization to Quantity Production. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weisheng Yu
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Functional Membrane Materials and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Material Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zijuan Ge
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Functional Membrane Materials and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Material Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Kaiyu Zhang
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Functional Membrane Materials and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Material Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xian Liang
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Functional Membrane Materials and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Material Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiaolin Ge
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Functional Membrane Materials and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Material Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Huijuan Wang
- Experimental Center of Engineering and Material Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Ming Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xianhe Shen
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Functional Membrane Materials and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Material Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Functional Membrane Materials and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Material Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Liang Wu
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Functional Membrane Materials and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Material Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Tongwen Xu
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Functional Membrane Materials and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Material Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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23
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Zaman S, Tian X, Su YQ, Cai W, Yan Y, Qi R, Douka AI, Chen S, You B, Liu H, Ding S, Guo X, Xia BY. Direct integration of ultralow-platinum alloy into nanocarbon architectures for efficient oxygen reduction in fuel cells. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2021; 66:2207-2216. [PMID: 36654112 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2021.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Developing efficient platinum (Pt)-based electrocatalysts is enormously significant for fuel cells. Herein, we report an integrated electrocatalyst of ultralow-Pt alloy encapsulated into nitrogen-doped nanocarbon architecture for efficient oxygen reduction reaction. This hybrid Pt-based catalyst achieves a mass activity of 3.46 A mgpt-1 at the potential of 0.9 V vs. RHE with a negligible stability decay after 10,000 cycles. More importantly, this half-cell activity can be expressed at full cell level with a high Pt utilization of 10.22 W mgPt-1cathode and remarkable durability after 30,000 cycles in single-cell. Experimental and theoretical investigations reveal that a highly strained Pt structure with an optimal Pt-O binding energy is induced by the incorporation of Co/Ni into Pt lattice, which would account for the improved reaction kinetics. The synergistic catalysis due to nitrogen-doped nanocarbon architecture and active Pt component is responsible for the enhanced catalytic activity. Meanwhile, the strong metal-support interaction and optimized hydrophilic properties of nanocarbon matrix facilitate efficient mass transport and water management. This work may provide significant insights in designing the low-Pt integrated electrocatalysts for fuel cells and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Zaman
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xinlong Tian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ya-Qiong Su
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Weiwei Cai
- Sustainable Energy Laboratory, Faculty of Material Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ya Yan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Ruijuan Qi
- Department of Information Science and Technology, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Abdoulkader Ibro Douka
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shenghua Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Bo You
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hongfang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shujiang Ding
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Xingpeng Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Bao Yu Xia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China.
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24
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Ahn CY, Park JE, Kim S, Kim OH, Hwang W, Her M, Kang SY, Park S, Kwon OJ, Park HS, Cho YH, Sung YE. Differences in the Electrochemical Performance of Pt-Based Catalysts Used for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells in Liquid Half- and Full-Cells. Chem Rev 2021; 121:15075-15140. [PMID: 34677946 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A substantial amount of research effort has been directed toward the development of Pt-based catalysts with higher performance and durability than conventional polycrystalline Pt nanoparticles to achieve high-power and innovative energy conversion systems. Currently, attention has been paid toward expanding the electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) of catalysts and increase their intrinsic activity in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, despite innumerable efforts having been carried out to explore this possibility, most of these achievements have focused on the rotating disk electrode (RDE) in half-cells, and relatively few results have been adaptable to membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) in full-cells, which is the actual operating condition of fuel cells. Thus, it is uncertain whether these advanced catalysts can be used as a substitute in practical fuel cell applications, and an improvement in the catalytic performance in real-life fuel cells is still necessary. Therefore, from a more practical and industrial point of view, the goal of this review is to compare the ORR catalyst performance and durability in half- and full-cells, providing a differentiated approach to the durability concerns in half- and full-cells, and share new perspectives for strategic designs used to induce additional performance in full-cell devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Yeong Ahn
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, South Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Ji Eun Park
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, South Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Sungjun Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, South Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Ok-Hee Kim
- Department of Science, Republic of Korea Naval Academy, Jinhae-gu, Changwon 51704, South Korea
| | - Wonchan Hwang
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, South Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Min Her
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, South Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Sun Young Kang
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, South Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - SungBin Park
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, South Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Oh Joong Kwon
- Department of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, South Korea
| | - Hyun S Park
- Center for Hydrogen-Fuel Cell Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea
| | - Yong-Hun Cho
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, South Korea.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Kangwon National University, Samcheok 25913, South Korea
| | - Yung-Eun Sung
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, South Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
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25
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Sun Y, Polani S, Luo F, Ott S, Strasser P, Dionigi F. Advancements in cathode catalyst and cathode layer design for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5984. [PMID: 34645781 PMCID: PMC8514433 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25911-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Proton exchange membrane fuel cells have been recently developed at an increasing pace as clean energy conversion devices for stationary and transport sector applications. High platinum cathode loadings contribute significantly to costs. This is why improved catalyst and support materials as well as catalyst layer design are critically needed. Recent advances in nanotechnologies and material sciences have led to the discoveries of several highly promising families of materials. These include platinum-based alloys with shape-selected nanostructures, platinum-group-metal-free catalysts such as metal-nitrogen-doped carbon materials and modification of the carbon support to control surface properties and ionomer/catalyst interactions. Furthermore, the development of advanced characterization techniques allows a deeper understanding of the catalyst evolution under different conditions. This review focuses on all these recent developments and it closes with a discussion of future research directions in the field. The high platinum loadings at the cathodes of proton exchange membrane fuel cells significantly contribute to the cost of these clean energy conversion devices. Here, the authors critically review and discuss recent developments on low- and non-platinum-based cathode catalysts and catalyst layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Sun
- The Electrochemical Energy, Catalysis, and Materials Science Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering Division, Technical University Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 124, 10623, Berlin, Germany.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, 410083, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shlomi Polani
- The Electrochemical Energy, Catalysis, and Materials Science Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering Division, Technical University Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 124, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fang Luo
- The Electrochemical Energy, Catalysis, and Materials Science Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering Division, Technical University Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 124, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Ott
- The Electrochemical Energy, Catalysis, and Materials Science Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering Division, Technical University Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 124, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Strasser
- The Electrochemical Energy, Catalysis, and Materials Science Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering Division, Technical University Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 124, 10623, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Fabio Dionigi
- The Electrochemical Energy, Catalysis, and Materials Science Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering Division, Technical University Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 124, 10623, Berlin, Germany.
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26
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Chowdhury A, Bird A, Liu J, Zenyuk IV, Kusoglu A, Radke CJ, Weber AZ. Linking Perfluorosulfonic Acid Ionomer Chemistry and High-Current Density Performance in Fuel-Cell Electrodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:42579-42589. [PMID: 34490780 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c07611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Transport phenomena are key in controlling the performance of electrochemical energy-conversion technologies and can be highly complex, involving multiple length scales and materials/phases. Material designs optimized for one reactant species transport however may inhibit other transport processes. We explore such trade-offs in the context of polymer-electrolyte fuel-cell electrodes, where ionomer thin films provide the necessary proton conductivity but retard oxygen transport to the Pt reaction site and cause interfacial resistance due to sulfonate/Pt interactions. We examine the electrode overall gas-transport resistance and its components as a function of ionomer content and chemistry. Low-equivalent-weight ionomers allow better dissolved-gas and proton transport due to greater water uptake and low crystallinity but also cause significant interfacial resistance due to the high density of sulfonic acid groups. These effects of equivalent weight are also observed via in situ ionic conductivity and CO displacement measurements. Of critical importance, the results are supported by ex situ ellipsometry and X-ray scattering of model thin-film systems, thereby providing direct linkages and applicability of model studies to probe complex heterogeneous structures. Structural and resultant performance changes in the electrode are shown to occur above a threshold sulfonic-group loading, highlighting the significance of ink-based interactions. Our findings and methodologies are applicable to a variety of solid-state energy-conversion devices and material designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Chowdhury
- Energy Conversion Group, Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ashley Bird
- Energy Conversion Group, Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jiangjin Liu
- Energy Conversion Group, Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Iryna V Zenyuk
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Ahmet Kusoglu
- Energy Conversion Group, Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Clayton J Radke
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Adam Z Weber
- Energy Conversion Group, Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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27
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Jinnouchi R, Kudo K, Kodama K, Kitano N, Suzuki T, Minami S, Shinozaki K, Hasegawa N, Shinohara A. The role of oxygen-permeable ionomer for polymer electrolyte fuel cells. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4956. [PMID: 34400643 PMCID: PMC8368003 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25301-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, considerable research and development efforts are devoted to improving the performance of polymer electrolyte fuel cells. However, the power density and catalytic activities of these energy conversion devices are still far from being satisfactory for large-scale operation. Here we report performance enhancement via incorporation, in the cathode catalyst layers, of a ring-structured backbone matrix into ionomers. Electrochemical characterizations of single cells and microelectrodes reveal that high power density is obtained using an ionomer with high oxygen solubility. The high solubility allows oxygen to permeate the ionomer/catalyst interface and react with protons and electrons on the catalyst surfaces. Furthermore, characterizations of single cells and single-crystal surfaces reveal that the oxygen reduction reaction activity is enhanced owing to the mitigation of catalyst poisoning by sulfonate anion groups. Molecular dynamics simulations indicate that both the high permeation and poisoning mitigation are due to the suppression of densely layered folding of polymer backbones near the catalyst surfaces by the incorporated ring-structured matrix. These experimental and theoretical observations demonstrate that ionomer's tailored molecular design promotes local oxygen transport and catalytic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kenji Kudo
- Toyota Central R&D Labs., Inc, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | | | - Naoki Kitano
- Toyota Central R&D Labs., Inc, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | | | - Saori Minami
- Toyota Central R&D Labs., Inc, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
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28
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Ren R, Wang X, Chen H, Miller HA, Salam I, Varcoe JR, Wu L, Chen Y, Liao H, Liu E, Bartoli F, Vizza F, Jia Q, He Q. Reshaping the Cathodic Catalyst Layer for Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells: From Heterogeneous Catalysis to Homogeneous Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202012547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Ren
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China
| | - Xiaojiang Wang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China
| | - Hengquan Chen
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China
| | - Hamish Andrew Miller
- Institute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds ICCOM-CNR, Polo Scientifico Area CNR 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Ihtasham Salam
- Department of Chemistry University of Surrey Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - John Robert Varcoe
- Department of Chemistry University of Surrey Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - Liang Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Scientific and Engineering Computing of Ministry of Education Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
| | - Youhu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Hong‐Gang Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Ershuai Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Northeastern University Center for Renewable Energy Technology Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Francesco Bartoli
- Institute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds ICCOM-CNR, Polo Scientifico Area CNR 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Francesco Vizza
- Institute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds ICCOM-CNR, Polo Scientifico Area CNR 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Qingying Jia
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Northeastern University Center for Renewable Energy Technology Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Qinggang He
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China
- Ningbo Research Institute Zhejiang University Ningbo Zhejiang 315100 China
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29
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Kodama K, Nagai T, Kuwaki A, Jinnouchi R, Morimoto Y. Challenges in applying highly active Pt-based nanostructured catalysts for oxygen reduction reactions to fuel cell vehicles. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 16:140-147. [PMID: 33479539 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-020-00824-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The past 30 years have seen progress in the development of Pt-based nanocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction, and some are now in production on a commercial basis and used for polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) for automotives and other applications. Further improvements in catalytic activity are required for wider uptake of PEFCs, however. In laboratories, researchers have developed various catalysts that have much higher activities than commercial ones, and these state-of-the-art catalysts have potential to improve energy conversion efficiencies and reduce the usage of platinum in PEFCs. There are several technical issues that must be solved before they can be applied in fuel cell vehicles, which require a high power density and practical durability, as well as high efficiency. In this Review, the development history of Pt-based nanocatalysts and recent analytical studies are summarized to identify the origin of these technical issues. Promising strategies for overcoming those issues are also discussed.
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30
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Liu B, Hu B, Du J, Cheng D, Zang H, Ge X, Tan H, Wang Y, Duan X, Jin Z, Zhang W, Li Y, Su Z. Precise Molecular‐Level Modification of Nafion with Bismuth Oxide Clusters for High‐performance Proton‐Exchange Membranes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202012079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bailing Liu
- Key Lab of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalys Faculty of Chemistry Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 P. R. China
- Jinlin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center of Optical Materials and Chemistry Changchun University of Science and Technology Changchun Changchun Jilin 130024 P. R. China
| | - Bo Hu
- Key Lab of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalys Faculty of Chemistry Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 P. R. China
- School of chemistry and pharmaceutical engineering Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology Jinlin 132022 P. R. China
| | - Jing Du
- Key Lab of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalys Faculty of Chemistry Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 P. R. China
| | - Dongming Cheng
- Key Lab of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalys Faculty of Chemistry Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 P. R. China
| | - Hong‐Ying Zang
- Key Lab of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalys Faculty of Chemistry Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 P. R. China
| | - Xin Ge
- Electron Microscopy Center Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Huaqiao Tan
- Key Lab of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalys Faculty of Chemistry Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 P. R. China
| | - Yonghui Wang
- Key Lab of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalys Faculty of Chemistry Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 P. R. China
| | - Xiaozheng Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 P. R. China
| | - Zhao Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Electron Microscopy Center Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Yangguang Li
- Key Lab of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalys Faculty of Chemistry Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 P. R. China
| | - Zhongmin Su
- Key Lab of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalys Faculty of Chemistry Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 P. R. China
- Jinlin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center of Optical Materials and Chemistry Changchun University of Science and Technology Changchun Changchun Jilin 130024 P. R. China
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31
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Liu B, Hu B, Du J, Cheng D, Zang HY, Ge X, Tan H, Wang Y, Duan X, Jin Z, Zhang W, Li Y, Su Z. Precise Molecular-Level Modification of Nafion with Bismuth Oxide Clusters for High-performance Proton-Exchange Membranes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:6076-6085. [PMID: 33296135 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202012079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Fabricating proton exchange membranes (PEMs) with high ionic conductivity and ideal mechanical robustness through regulation of the membrane microstructures achieved by molecular-level hybridization remains essential but challenging for the further development of high-performance PEM fuel cells. In this work, by precisely hybridizing nano-scaled bismuth oxide clusters into Nafion, we have fabricated the high-performance hybrid membrane, Nafion-Bi12 -3 %, which showed a proton conductivity of 386 mS cm-1 at 80 °C in aqueous solution with low methanol permeability, and conserved the ideal mechanical and chemical stabilities as PEMs. Moreover, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was employed to clarify the structural properties and the assembly mechanisms of the hybrid membrane on the molecular level. The maximum current density and power density of Nafion-Bi12 -3 % for direct methanol fuel cells reached to 432.7 mA cm-2 and 110.2 mW cm-2 , respectively. This work provides new insights into the design of versatile functional polymer electrolyte membranes through polyoxometalate hybridization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailing Liu
- Key Lab of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalys, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
- Jinlin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center of Optical Materials and Chemistry, Changchun University of Science and Technology Changchun, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Bo Hu
- Key Lab of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalys, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
- School of chemistry and pharmaceutical engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jinlin, 132022, P. R. China
| | - Jing Du
- Key Lab of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalys, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Dongming Cheng
- Key Lab of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalys, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Ying Zang
- Key Lab of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalys, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Xin Ge
- Electron Microscopy Center, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Huaqiao Tan
- Key Lab of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalys, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Yonghui Wang
- Key Lab of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalys, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Xiaozheng Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Zhao Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Electron Microscopy Center, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yangguang Li
- Key Lab of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalys, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Zhongmin Su
- Key Lab of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalys, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
- Jinlin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center of Optical Materials and Chemistry, Changchun University of Science and Technology Changchun, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, P. R. China
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32
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Fu X, Jiang Y, Wang Y, Zhou C, Lei J. Synthesis and properties of styrenic triblock copolymers with dual structural asymmetry via RAFT emulsion polymerization. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.110146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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33
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Ren R, Wang X, Chen H, Miller HA, Salam I, Varcoe JR, Wu L, Chen Y, Liao H, Liu E, Bartoli F, Vizza F, Jia Q, He Q. Reshaping the Cathodic Catalyst Layer for Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells: From Heterogeneous Catalysis to Homogeneous Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:4049-4054. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202012547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Ren
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China
| | - Xiaojiang Wang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China
| | - Hengquan Chen
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China
| | - Hamish Andrew Miller
- Institute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds ICCOM-CNR, Polo Scientifico Area CNR 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Ihtasham Salam
- Department of Chemistry University of Surrey Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - John Robert Varcoe
- Department of Chemistry University of Surrey Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - Liang Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Scientific and Engineering Computing of Ministry of Education Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
| | - Youhu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Hong‐Gang Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Ershuai Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Northeastern University Center for Renewable Energy Technology Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Francesco Bartoli
- Institute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds ICCOM-CNR, Polo Scientifico Area CNR 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Francesco Vizza
- Institute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds ICCOM-CNR, Polo Scientifico Area CNR 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Qingying Jia
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Northeastern University Center for Renewable Energy Technology Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Qinggang He
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China
- Ningbo Research Institute Zhejiang University Ningbo Zhejiang 315100 China
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34
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35
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Katzenberg A, Mukherjee D, Dudenas PJ, Okamoto Y, Kusoglu A, Modestino MA. Dynamic Emergence of Nanostructure and Transport Properties in Perfluorinated Sulfonic Acid Ionomers. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adlai Katzenberg
- Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Debdyuti Mukherjee
- Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
| | - Peter J. Dudenas
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Yoshiyuki Okamoto
- Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
| | - Ahmet Kusoglu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Miguel A. Modestino
- Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
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