1
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Meador WE, Saucier MA, Tucker MR, Kruse NA, Mobley AJ, Brower CR, Parkin SR, Clark KM, Hammer NI, Tschumper GS, Delcamp JH. Extended shortwave infrared absorbing antiaromatic fluorenium-indolizine chromophores. Chem Sci 2024; 15:12349-12360. [PMID: 39118622 PMCID: PMC11304523 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00733f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Shortwave infrared (SWIR, 1000-1700 nm) and extended SWIR (ESWIR, 1700-2700 nm) absorbing materials are valuable for applications including fluorescence based biological imaging, photodetectors, and light emitting diodes. Currently, ESWIR absorbing materials are largely dominated by inorganic semiconductors which are often costly both in raw materials and manufacturing processes used to produce them. The development of ESWIR absorbing organic molecules is thus of interest due to the tunability, solution processability, and low cost of organic materials compared to their inorganic counterparts. Herein, through the combination of heterocyclic indolizine donors and an antiaromatic fluorene core, a series of organic chromophores with absorption maxima ranging from 1470-2088 nm (0.84-0.59 eV) and absorption onsets ranging from 1693-2596 nm (0.73-0.48 eV) are designed and synthesized. The photophysical and electrochemical properties of these chromophores, referred to as FluIndz herein, are described via absorption spectroscopy in 17 solvents, cyclic voltammetry, solution photostability, and transient absorption spectroscopy. Molecular orbital energies, predicted electronic transitions, and antiaromaticity are compared to higher energy absorbing chromophores using density functional theory. The presence of thermally accessible diradical states is demonstrated using density functional theory and EPR spectroscopy, while XRD crystallography confirms structural connectivity and existence as a single molecule. Overall, the FluIndz chromophore scaffold exhibits a rational means to access organic chromophores with extremely narrow optical gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- William E Meador
- University of Mississippi, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Coulter Hall, University MS 38677 USA
| | - Matthew A Saucier
- University of Mississippi, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Coulter Hall, University MS 38677 USA
| | - Max R Tucker
- University of Mississippi, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Coulter Hall, University MS 38677 USA
| | - Nicholas A Kruse
- University of Mississippi, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Coulter Hall, University MS 38677 USA
| | - Alexander J Mobley
- University of Mississippi, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Coulter Hall, University MS 38677 USA
| | - Connor R Brower
- University of Mississippi, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Coulter Hall, University MS 38677 USA
| | - Sean R Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky Lexington Kentucky 40506 USA
| | - Kensha M Clark
- University of Mississippi, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Coulter Hall, University MS 38677 USA
| | - Nathan I Hammer
- University of Mississippi, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Coulter Hall, University MS 38677 USA
| | - Gregory S Tschumper
- University of Mississippi, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Coulter Hall, University MS 38677 USA
| | - Jared H Delcamp
- University of Mississippi, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Coulter Hall, University MS 38677 USA
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2
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Chen Z, Su Y, Long Q, Zhang Z, Su J, Guo L. Stable Radicals in Dihydrophenazine Derivatives-Doped Epoxy Resin for High Photothermal Conversion. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2403623. [PMID: 39031541 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202403623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Organic radicals exhibit great potential in photothermal applications, however, their innate high reactivity with oxygen renders the preparation of stable organic radicals highly challenging. In this work, a series of co-doped radical polymers ares prepared by doping dihydrophenazine derivatives (DPPs) into the epoxy resin matrix. DPPs can form radical species through the electron transfer process, which are further stabilized by the complex 3D network structure of epoxy resin. Experimental results show that the photothermal conversion efficiency is as high as 79.9%, and the temperature can quickly rise to ≈130 °C within 60 s. Due to the excellent visible light transmittance and mechanical properties of co-doped systems, this study further demonstrates their practical applications in energy-saving solar windows and thermoelectric power generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Chen
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yonghao Su
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Qianxin Long
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Zhiyun Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jianhua Su
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Lifang Guo
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
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3
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Zhou Z, Yang K, He L, Wang W, Lai W, Yang Y, Dong Y, Xie S, Yuan L, Zeng Z. Sulfone-Functionalized Chichibabin's Hydrocarbons: Stable Diradicaloids with Symmetry Breaking Charge Transfer Contributing to NIR Emission beyond 900 nm. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:6763-6772. [PMID: 38416700 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
While monoradical emitters have emerged as a new route toward efficient organic light-emitting diodes, the luminescence property of organic diradicaloids is still scarcely explored. Herein, by devising a novel radical-radical coupling-based synthetic approach, we report a new class of sulfone-functionalized Chichibabin's hydrocarbon derivatives, SD-1-3, featuring varied substituent patterns and moderate to high diradical characters of 0.44-0.70, as highly stable diradicaloids with rarely seen NIR emission beyond 900 nm. Via comprehensive experimental and theoretical investigations, we reveal that the optoelectronic and magnetic properties of these materials are significantly tuned by the variations of substitutions (H/CF3/OMe) on the molecular skeletons. More importantly, quantum chemical computations indicate that the embedding of sulfone groups has contributed to a breaking of their quasi-C2 symmetry of these diradicaloid molecules and results in an excited-state charge transfer character. Therefore, a remarkably deep NIR emissive wavelength of up to 998 nm, together with a large Stokes shift (∼386 nm), is achieved for the CF3-based SD-2 molecule in tetrahydrofuran. To the best of our knowledge, such a luminescent wavelength of SD-2 has represented the longest wavelengths among the currently reported organic fluorescent radicals. Overall, our work not only establishes a new synthetic approach toward stable Chichibabin's hydrocarbons but also paves the way for designing NIR emissive open-shell materials with both fundamental understanding and feasible control of their luminescent properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibiao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Hunan University,Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518000, China
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Materia Medica Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Kun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Hunan University,Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Long He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Wei Wang
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Materia Medica Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Weiming Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Hunan University,Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Yinhua Yang
- Core Research Facilities, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Yueguo Dong
- Tianjin Jiuri New Material Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Sheng Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Hunan University,Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Lin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Hunan University,Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Zebing Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Hunan University,Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518000, China
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4
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Mizuno A, Matsuoka R, Mibu T, Kusamoto T. Luminescent Radicals. Chem Rev 2024; 124:1034-1121. [PMID: 38230673 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Organic radicals are attracting increasing interest as a new class of molecular emitters. They demonstrate electronic excitation and relaxation dynamics based on their doublet or higher multiplet spin states, which are different from those based on singlet-triplet manifolds of conventional closed-shell molecules. Recent studies have disclosed luminescence properties and excited state dynamics unique to radicals, such as highly efficient electron-photon conversion in OLEDs, NIR emission, magnetoluminescence, an absence of heavy atom effect, and spin-dependent and spin-selective dynamics. These are difficult or sometimes impossible to achieve with closed-shell luminophores. This review focuses on luminescent organic radicals as an emerging photofunctional molecular system, and introduces the material developments, fundamental properties including luminescence, and photofunctions. Materials covered in this review range from monoradicals, radical oligomers, and radical polymers to metal complexes with radical ligands demonstrating radical-involved emission. In addition to stable radicals, transiently formed radicals generated in situ by external stimuli are introduced. This review shows that luminescent organic radicals have great potential to expand the chemical and spin spaces of luminescent molecular materials and thus broaden their applicability to photofunctional systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asato Mizuno
- Department of Life and Coordination-Complex Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Ryota Matsuoka
- Department of Life and Coordination-Complex Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Shonan Village, HayamaKanagawa 240-0193, Japan
| | - Takuto Mibu
- Department of Life and Coordination-Complex Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Kusamoto
- Department of Life and Coordination-Complex Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Shonan Village, HayamaKanagawa 240-0193, Japan
- JST-PRESTO, 4-1-8, Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
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5
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Leng M, Koripally N, Huang J, Vriza A, Lee KY, Ji X, Li C, Hays M, Tu Q, Dunbar K, Xu J, Ng TN, Fang L. Synthesis and exceptional operational durability of polyaniline-inspired conductive ladder polymers. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:4354-4364. [PMID: 37455554 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh00883e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Ladder-type structures can impart exceptional stability to polymeric electronic materials. This article introduces a new class of conductive polymers featuring a fully ladder-type backbone. A judicious molecular design strategy enables the synthesis of a low-defect ladder polymer, which can be efficiently oxidized and acid-doped to achieve its conductive state. The structural elucidation of this polymer and the characterization of its open-shell nature are facilitated with the assistance of studies on small molecular models. An autonomous robotic system is used to optimize the conductivity of the polymer thin film, achieving over 7 mS cm-1. Impressively, this polymer demonstrates unparalleled stability in strong acid and under harsh UV-irradiation, significantly surpassing commercial benchmarks like PEDOT:PSS and polyaniline. Moreover, it displays superior durability across numerous redox cycles as the active material in an electrochromic device and as the pseudocapacitive material in a supercapacitor device. This work provides structural design guidance for durable conductive polymers for long-term device operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingwan Leng
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3255, USA.
| | - Nandu Koripally
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
| | - Junjie Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3255, USA.
| | - Aikaterini Vriza
- Nanoscience and Technology Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA.
| | - Kyeong Yeon Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3003, USA
| | - Xiaozhou Ji
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3255, USA.
| | - Chenxuan Li
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3255, USA.
| | - Megan Hays
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3255, USA.
| | - Qing Tu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3003, USA
| | - Kim Dunbar
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3255, USA.
| | - Jie Xu
- Nanoscience and Technology Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA.
| | - Tse Nga Ng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
| | - Lei Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3255, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3003, USA
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6
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Horsewill S, Hierlmeier G, Farasat Z, Barham JP, Scott DJ. Shining Fresh Light on Complex Photoredox Mechanisms through Isolation of Intermediate Radical Anions. ACS Catal 2023; 13:9392-9403. [PMID: 37497378 PMCID: PMC10367049 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c02515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Photoredox catalysis (PRC) has gained enormous and wide-ranging interest in recent years but has also been subject to significant mechanistic uncertainty, even controversy. To provide a method by which the missing understanding can begin to be filled in, we demonstrate herein that it is possible to isolate as authentic materials the one-electron reduction products of representative PRC catalysts (PCs). Specifically, KC8 reduction of both 9,10-dicyanoanthracene and a naphthalene monoamide derivative in the presence of a cryptand provides convenient access to the corresponding [K(crypt)+][PC·-] salts as clean materials that can be fully characterized by techniques including EPR and XRD. Because PC·- states are key intermediates in PRC reactions, such isolation allows for highly controlled study of these anions' specific reactivity and hence their mechanistic roles. As a demonstration of this principle, we show that these salts can be used to conveniently interrogate the mechanisms of recent, high-profile "conPET" and "e-PRC" reactions, which are currently the subject of both significant interest and acute controversy. Using very simple experiments, we are able to provide striking insights into these reactions' underlying mechanisms and to observe surprising levels of hidden complexity that would otherwise have been very challenging to identify and that emphasize the care and control that are needed when interrogating and interpreting PRC mechanisms. These studies provide a foundation for the study of a far broader range of questions around conPET, e-PRC, and other PRC reaction mechanisms in the future, using the same strategy of PC·- isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel
J. Horsewill
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Gabriele Hierlmeier
- Department
of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Zahra Farasat
- Professor
Rashidi Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry,
College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Fars 71467-13565, Iran
| | - Joshua P. Barham
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, Regensburg, Bayern 93053, Germany
| | - Daniel J. Scott
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
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7
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Gao S, Cui Z, Li F. Doublet-emissive materials for organic light-emitting diodes: exciton formation and emission processes. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:2875-2885. [PMID: 37052349 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00772j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Doublet-emission is mainly discovered in stable radicals, lanthanide-metal complexes with an f1 electron configuration and transition-metal complexes with a low-spin d5 electron configuration, and has a distinct radiation mechanism from closed-shell luminescent molecules and thus technology opportunities. There exists an unpaired electron in the frontier molecular orbitals which enables efficient nanosecond-scale luminescence in these materials due to the spin-allowed transitions between doublet-spin states. In this review, we summarize recent advances in these materials and their application in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). The photoluminescence and electroluminescence mechanisms of different doublet-emissive molecular systems are discussed, in addition to the photophysical phenomena arising from doublet states. We also outline the current challenges faced by each molecular system, and the potential outlook on the future research trends in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengxiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Zhiyuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
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8
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Li X, Wang YL, Chen C, Han YF. Luminescent Crystalline Carbon- and Nitrogen-Centered Organic Radicals Based on N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Triphenylamine Hybrids. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203242. [PMID: 36331436 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Developing luminescent radicals with tunable emission is a challenging task due to the limitation of alternative skeletons. Herein, a series of carbene-triphenylamine hybrids were prepared by the direct C2-arylation of N-heterocyclic carbenes with 4-bromo-N,N-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)aniline. These hybrids showed multiple redox-active properties and could be converted to carbon-centered luminescent radicals with blue-to-cyan emissions (λmax : 436-486 nm) or nitrogen-centered luminescent radicals with orange emissions (λmax : 590-623 nm) through chemical reduction or oxidation, respectively. The radical species were characterized by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and single-crystal X-ray diffractometry analysis. Notably, the corresponding nitrogen-centered radicals exhibited good stability in atmospheric air, and their thermal decomposition temperatures were determined to be above 200 °C. In addition, spectral and theoretical calculations indicate that all radicals exhibit anti-Kasha emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and, Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Lin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and, Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China
| | - Can Chen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and, Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Feng Han
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and, Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China
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9
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Dobre AF, Madalan AM, Ionescu S, Hanganu A, Lete C, Popescu CC, Paun A, Matache M, Ionita P. Zwitterion or diradicaloid? The case of diazenium betaines derived from DPPH. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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10
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Zhang L, Cao Z. Electronic and photophysical properties of selected organic boron‐containing molecules: Insight into effects of heteroatom substitution and aggregation. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202200467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen China
| | - Zexing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen China
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11
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Li X, Wang YL, Chen C, Ren YY, Han YF. A platform for blue-luminescent carbon-centered radicals. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5367. [PMID: 36100595 PMCID: PMC9470563 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33130-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic radicals, which have unique doublet spin-configuration, provide an alternative method to overcome the efficiency limitation of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on conventional fluorescent organic molecules. Further, they have made great breakthroughs in deep-red and near-infrared OLEDs. However, it is difficult to extend their fluorescence into a short-wavelength region because of the natural narrow bandgap of the organic radicals. Herein, we significantly expand the scope of luminescent radicals by showing a new platform of carbon-centered radicals derived from N-heterocyclic carbenes that produce blue to green emissions (444-529 nm). Time-dependent density functional theory calculations and experimental investigations disclose that the fluorescence originates from the high-energy excited states to the ground state, demonstrating an anti-Kasha behavior. The present work provides an efficient and modular approach toward a library of carbon-centered radicals that feature anti-Kasha's rule emission, rendering them as potential new emitters in the short-wavelength region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Lin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, People's Republic of China
| | - Chan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Yan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Feng Han
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, People's Republic of China.
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12
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13
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Wang Y, Gong Q, Pun SH, Lee HK, Zhou Y, Xu J, Miao Q. Robust Radical Cations of Hexabenzoperylene Exhibiting High Conductivity and Enabling an Organic Nonvolatile Optoelectronic Memory. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:16612-16619. [PMID: 36043840 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c06835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report robust π-conjugated radical cations resulting from the oxidation of hexabenzoperylene (HBP) derivatives, HBP-B and HBP-H, which have butyl and hexyl groups, respectively, attached to the same twisted double helicene π-backbone. The radical cation of HBP-B was successfully crystallized in the form of hexafluorophosphate, which exhibited conductivity as high as 1.32 ± 0.04 S cm-1. Photochemical oxidation of HBP-H by molecular oxygen led to the formation of its radical cation in the solid state, as found with different techniques. This allowed the organic field effect transistor of HBP-H to function as a nonvolatile optoelectronic memory, with the memory switching contrast above 103 and long-term stability without using a floating gate, an electret layer, or photochromic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qi Gong
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sai Ho Pun
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hung Kay Lee
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yaoqiang Zhou
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jianbin Xu
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qian Miao
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
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14
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Xiang Q, Sun Z. Doublet Open-Shell Graphene Fragments. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200251. [PMID: 35438845 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The recent advances on neutral delocalized radical species based on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with fused hexagonal rings, herein defined as doublet open-shell graphene fragments, are summarized in this review. A few simple yet useful theoretical approaches for structural analysis and molecular design were introduced at first. Then, based on the number of fused hexagonal rings, molecular systems with different size, symmetry and edge structure were discussed with emphasis on those isolated in the crystalline form. Their unique self-association behavior, chemical reactivity and physical properties were summarized and discussed, and insights on their functions and potential applications were provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Xiang
- Tianjin University, Institute of Molecular Plus, CHINA
| | - Zhe Sun
- Tianjin University, Institute of molecular plus, No. 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, 300072, Tianjin, CHINA
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15
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Dong X, Sun Q, Feng Z, Ruan H, Tang S, Liu M, Zhao Y, Su Y, Wang X. Room‐Temperature
Reversible
σ‐Dimerization
of a Phenalenyl Radical. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202200082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Quanchun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Zhongtao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Huapeng Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Shuxuan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Yuanting Su
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Xinping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
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16
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Dosso J, Bartolomei B, Demitri N, Cossío FP, Prato M. Phenanthrene-Extended Phenazine Dication: An Electrochromic Conformational Switch Presenting Dual Reactivity. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:7295-7301. [PMID: 35412820 PMCID: PMC9052754 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The synthesis and
isolation of one of the few examples of a π-extended
diamagnetic phenazine dication have been achieved by oxidizing a phenanthrene-based
dihydrophenazine precursor. The resulting dication was isolated and
fully characterized, highlighting an aromatic distorted structure,
generated by the conformational change upon the oxidation of the dihydrophenazine
precursor, which is also correlated with a marked electrochromic change
in the UV–vis spectrum. The aromaticity of the dication has
also been investigated theoretically, proving that the species is
aromatic based on all major criteria (structural, magnetic, and energetic).
Moreover, the material presents an intriguing dual reactivity, resulting
in ring contraction to a π-extended triarylimidazolinium and
reduction to the dihydrophenazine precursor, depending on the nature
of the nucleophile involved. This result helps shed light on the yet
largely unexplored reactivity and properties of extended dicationic
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In particular, the fact that
the molecule can undergo a reversible change in conformation upon
oxidation and reduction opens potential applications for this class
of derivatives as molecular switches and actuators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Dosso
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, CENMAT, Centre of Excellence for Nanostructured Materials, INSTM UdR Trieste, University of Trieste, via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Beatrice Bartolomei
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, CENMAT, Centre of Excellence for Nanostructured Materials, INSTM UdR Trieste, University of Trieste, via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Nicola Demitri
- Elettra─Sincrotrone, Trieste S.S., 14 Km 163.5, Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Fernando P Cossío
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Instituto de Innovaciónen Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia/San Sebastián, Spain.,Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 4, 20018 Donostia/San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, CENMAT, Centre of Excellence for Nanostructured Materials, INSTM UdR Trieste, University of Trieste, via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy.,Centre for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC BiomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 194, 20014 Donostia San Sebastián, Spain.,Basque Fdn Sci, Ikerbasque, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
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17
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Masani Y, Omura Y, Tachi Y, Kozaki M. Synthesis of Triazabenzo[
a
]pyrenes and Their Photophysical, Acid‐Responsive, and Electrochemical Properties. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasufumi Masani
- Graduate School of Science Osaka City University 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku 558-8585 Osaka Osaka Japan
| | - Yuta Omura
- Graduate School of Science Osaka City University 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku 558-8585 Osaka Osaka Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Tachi
- Graduate School of Science Osaka City University 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku 558-8585 Osaka Osaka Japan
| | - Masatoshi Kozaki
- Graduate School of Science Osaka City University 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku 558-8585 Osaka Osaka Japan
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18
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Liu T, Tonnelé C, Zhao S, Rondin L, Elias C, Medina-Lopez D, Okuno H, Narita A, Chassagneux Y, Voisin C, Campidelli S, Beljonne D, Lauret JS. Vibronic effect and influence of aggregation on the photophysics of graphene quantum dots. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:3826-3833. [PMID: 35194627 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr08279e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Graphene quantum dots, atomically precise nanopieces of graphene, are promising nano-objects with potential applications in various domains such as photovoltaics, quantum light emitters and bio-imaging. Despite their interesting prospects, precise reports on their photophysical properties remain scarce. Here, we report on a study of the photophysics of C96H24(C12H25) graphene quantum dots. A combination of optical studies down to the single molecule level with advanced molecular modelling demonstrates the importance of coupling to vibrations in the emission process. Optical fingerprints for H-like aggregates are identified. Our combined experimental-theoretical investigations provide a comprehensive description of the light absorption and emission properties of nanographenes, which not only represents an essential step towards precise control of sample production but also paves the way for new exciting physics focused on twisted graphenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Liu
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CentraleSupélec, CNRS, LuMIn, Orsay, France.
| | | | - Shen Zhao
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CentraleSupélec, CNRS, LuMIn, Orsay, France.
| | - Loïc Rondin
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CentraleSupélec, CNRS, LuMIn, Orsay, France.
| | - Christine Elias
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CentraleSupélec, CNRS, LuMIn, Orsay, France.
| | - Daniel Medina-Lopez
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, LICSEN, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Hanako Okuno
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA INAC-MEM, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Yannick Chassagneux
- LPENS, PSL, CNRS, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Christophe Voisin
- LPENS, PSL, CNRS, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Campidelli
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, LICSEN, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Jean-Sébastien Lauret
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CentraleSupélec, CNRS, LuMIn, Orsay, France.
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19
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Chen JF, Tian G, Liu K, Zhang N, Wang N, Yin X, Chen P. Pillar[5]arene-based Neutral Radicals with Doublet Red Emissions and Stable Chiroptical Properties. Org Lett 2022; 24:1935-1940. [PMID: 35243861 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Stable organic radicals with unique luminescence show great importance in photoelectromagnetic materials. We herein report two unusual radical-based systems (P5N-TTM and P5B-TTM) using the concerted effects of planar chiral pillar[5]arenes and tris(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)methyl (TTM) radicals. The steric effect and electronic doublet-spin character of these radicals allowed the optical resolution and the first red emissions (∼650 nm) for pillar[5]arene derivatives. Notably, cross-coupling with macrocyclic pillar[5]arene, in turn, considerably enhanced the configurational stability of TTM radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Fa Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Guoqing Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Kanglei Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Niu Zhang
- Analysis & Testing Centre, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Xiaodong Yin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Pangkuan Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing 102488, China
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20
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Qiu Z, Zhang C, Zhang L, Wang S, Hu S, Zhao S. Precise in Vivo Inflammation Imaging in the NIR-II Window Using 1065 nm Photoacoustic Probe for in Situ Visual Monitoring of Pathological Processes Related to Hepatitis. ACS Sens 2022; 7:641-648. [PMID: 35175041 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c02632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between light and biological tissues in the second near-infrared (NIR-II) window is weak, which can effectively reduce the scattering and absorption of incoming light by biological tissues and enhance the resolution and sensing ability of in vivo photoacoustic (PA) imaging. In particular, tissues that carry blood and water produce the lowest PA background in the wavelength range of 1050 to 1150 nm. However, the development of the NIR-II PA probe for the above window faces great challenges. To tackle this challenge, the reduction-reoxidation of an organic dye was used to develop a PA imaging probe (Hydro-1048) as the first NIR-II PA probe of a hydroxy radical (·OH) for molecular imaging in deep tissue. The ·OH oxidized the C-N single bond in Hydro-1048 to double bonds, which formed Et-1065. This conversion extended the conjugate system of the molecule and shifted the absorption peak from 520 to 1065 nm, which resulted in a strong PA signal after irradiation with a 1065 nm laser. At a detection limit of 0.6 nM, a good linear relationship within the range of 5-1000 nM was obtained for the PA signal intensity versus the concentration of ·OH. The developed NIR-II PA probe can be used for the noninvasive high-resolution imaging of ·OH in deep tissue, and the PA imaging of ·OH can also be used to visually monitor in situ pathological processes related to hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhidong Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Chaobang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Liangliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Shulong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Shengqiang Hu
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Shulin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
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21
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Borissov A, Maurya YK, Moshniaha L, Wong WS, Żyła-Karwowska M, Stępień M. Recent Advances in Heterocyclic Nanographenes and Other Polycyclic Heteroaromatic Compounds. Chem Rev 2022; 122:565-788. [PMID: 34850633 PMCID: PMC8759089 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 105.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This review surveys recent progress in the chemistry of polycyclic heteroaromatic molecules with a focus on structural diversity and synthetic methodology. The article covers literature published during the period of 2016-2020, providing an update to our first review of this topic (Chem. Rev. 2017, 117 (4), 3479-3716).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Marcin Stępień
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet
Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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22
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Imran M, Chen MS. Self-Sensitized and Reversible O 2 Reactivity with Bisphenalenyls for Simple, Tunable, and Multicycle Colorimetric Oxygen-Sensing Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:1817-1825. [PMID: 34958545 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c16033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring the levels of molecular oxygen (O2) is critical for numerous applications, but there is still a long-standing challenge to develop robust and cost-effective colorimetric sensors that enable detection by changes in color. Current technologies employ chromophores that require additional additives, which inherently increase the cost and complexity. Here, we report that bisphenalenyls (PQPLs) function as the single active component for colorimetric O2 sensing through their quantitative conversion into aromatic endoperoxides (EPOs). PQPLs display self-sensitizing reactivity: they are capable of generating singlet oxygen and binding it without the need for external photosensitizers. The rates of PQPL photooxygenation depend on the electron-donating ability of substituents, which highlights a simple strategy for tuning O2 sensitivity. EPOs are stable under ambient conditions but can be thermally stimulated to convert back to PQPLs and concomitantly release O2. Polymer-supported (PTMSP) films of PQPLs (2 wt %) reproduce these reactivity trends with a rapid red-to-colorless transition that is visible to the naked eye within 1 h of exposure and show a very low limit of detection (<5 ppm O2). Films are chemically and thermally robust and maintain up to >99% of their original colorimetric response when reused and subjected to multiple cycles of photooxygenation and O2 release. The simplicity and solution processability of these materials highlight their potential as "intelligent" inks for printable colorimetric sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015-3102, United States
| | - Mark S Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015-3102, United States
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23
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Maiti A, Sobottka S, Chandra S, Jana D, Ravat P, Sarkar B, Jana A. Diamidocarbene-Based Thiele and Tschitschibabin Hydrocarbons: Carbonyl Functionalized Kekulé Diradicaloids. J Org Chem 2021; 86:16464-16472. [PMID: 34780693 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report diamidocarbene (DAC)-based Thiele and Tschitschibabin hydrocarbons, diradicaloids that contain four carbonyl/amido functional groups. The impact of two different π-conjugated spacers, p-phenylene vs p,p'-biphenylene, has been realized. The quantum chemical calculations suggest diamidocarbene (DAC)-based Thiele hydrocarbon (p-phenylene bridged) closed-shell singlet is the ground state, whereas for the diamidocarbene (DAC)-based Tschitschibabin hydrocarbon (p,p'-biphenylene bridged), open-shell singlet is the ground state. The influence of two different π-conjugated spacers also has been reflected in their UV-vis spectra. To gain more information on the diamidocarbene (DAC)-based Thiele and Tschitschibabin hydrocarbons, we have also carried out cyclic voltammetry investigations along with UV-vis-NIR-spectroelectrochemical studies of their corresponding 2-e oxidized product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avijit Maiti
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Sebastian Sobottka
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstraße 34-36, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Shubhadeep Chandra
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstraße 34-36, 14195 Berlin, Germany.,Universität Stuttgart, Fakultät Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Koordinationschemie, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Debayan Jana
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Prince Ravat
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Biprajit Sarkar
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstraße 34-36, 14195 Berlin, Germany.,Universität Stuttgart, Fakultät Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Koordinationschemie, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Anukul Jana
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
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24
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Prompt and Long-Lived Anti-Kasha Emission from Organic Dyes. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26226999. [PMID: 34834093 PMCID: PMC8623836 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-Kasha behavior has been the subject of intense debate in the last few years, as demonstrated by the high number of papers appearing in the literature on this topic, dealing with both mechanistic and applicative aspects of this phenomenon. Examples of anomalous emitters reported in the last 10 years are collected in the present review, which is focused on strictly anti-Kasha organic molecules displaying radiative deactivation from Sn and/or Tn, with n greater than 1.
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25
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Zhou L, Wu B, Chen Y, Gong J, Wang J, Dai G, Chi C, Wang Q. Synthesis and Properties of Aza-Ovalene with Six Zigzag Edges. Org Lett 2021; 23:8640-8644. [PMID: 34643399 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ovalene's nitrogenated derivative with all zigzag edges and nitrogen atom doping at the periphery has been developed via one-step nitrogenation of formylbisanthene. Because of nitrogen incorporation, these molecules show greatly decreased highest occupied molecular orbital levels, enhanced intermolecular interactions, and a reversible acid response. Aza-ovalene also exhibits a diatropic ring current along the periphery. This work provides rare examples of all-zigzag-edged N-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laiyun Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, 235 West University Street, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Boming Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, 235 West University Street, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Jianye Gong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, 235 West University Street, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Jianguo Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, 235 West University Street, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Gaole Dai
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Chunyan Chi
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
| | - Qing Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, 235 West University Street, Hohhot 010021, China
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26
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Minkin VI, Starikov AG, Starikova AA. Acene-Linked Zethrenes and Bisphenalenyls: A DFT Search for Organic Tetraradicals. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:6562-6570. [PMID: 34310142 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c02794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are of special interest due to their promising nonlinear optical and magnetic properties. A series of acene-linked zethrenes and bisphenalenyls comprising from five to nine benzene rings in the linker group have been computationally studied by the DFT UB3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) quantum-chemical modeling of their electronic structure, possible spin states, and exchange interactions. The zethrenes with octacene and nonacene linkers as well as bisphenalenyls comprising heptacene, octacene, and nonacene linker groups have been revealed to possess tetraradicaloid nature, which makes them promising building blocks for organic optoelectronic and spintronic devices. The results obtained open a way of constructing tetraradicaloid organic molecules characterized by the presence of two types of paramagnetic centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir I Minkin
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey G Starikov
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
| | - Alyona A Starikova
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
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27
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Mahata A, Chrysochos N, Krummenacher I, Chandra S, Braunschweig H, Schulzke C, Sarkar B, Yildiz CB, Jana A. α,α'-Diamino- p-tetrafluoroquinodimethane: Stability of One- and Two-Electron Oxidized Species and Fixation of Molecular Oxygen. J Org Chem 2021; 86:10467-10473. [PMID: 34269573 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis, characterization, and reactivity of α,α'-diamino-p-tetrafluoroquinodimethane, a p-tetrafluorophenylene-bridged monosubstituted carbene-based Thiele's hydrocarbon A. The compound exhibits a reversible two-step one-electron oxidation with a marginally stable radical cation state B. The in situ formation of the radical cation could be confirmed by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. Interestingly, α,α'-diamino-p-tetrafluoroquinodimethane fixates atmospheric oxygen to form a 16-membered peroxide-bridged macrocyclic compound C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Mahata
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Nicolas Chrysochos
- Institut für Biochemie, Universität Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 4, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry and Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Shubhadeep Chandra
- Universität Stuttgart, Fakultät Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Koordinationschemie, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry and Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Carola Schulzke
- Institut für Biochemie, Universität Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 4, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Biprajit Sarkar
- Universität Stuttgart, Fakultät Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Koordinationschemie, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Cem B Yildiz
- Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, University of Aksaray, 68100 Aksaray, Turkey
| | - Anukul Jana
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
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28
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Feng Z, Chong Y, Tang S, Ruan H, Fang Y, Zhao Y, Jiang J, Wang X. Stable
Boron‐Containing Blue‐Photoluminescent
Radicals. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202100188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongtao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu 210093 China
| | - Yuanyuan Chong
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Shuxuan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu 210093 China
| | - Huapeng Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu 210093 China
| | - Yong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu 210093 China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu 210093 China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Xinping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu 210093 China
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29
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Matsuoka R, Kimura S, Kusamoto T. Solid‐State Room‐Temperature Near‐Infrared Photoluminescence of a Stable Organic Radical. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202100023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Matsuoka
- Institute for Molecular Science 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji Okazaki Aichi 444-8787 Japan
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies) Shonan Village Hayama 240-0193 Kanagawa Japan
| | - Shojiro Kimura
- Institute for Materials Research Tohoku University 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8577 Japan
| | - Tetsuro Kusamoto
- Institute for Molecular Science 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji Okazaki Aichi 444-8787 Japan
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies) Shonan Village Hayama 240-0193 Kanagawa Japan
- JST-PRESTO 4-1-8, Honcho Kawaguchi Saitama 332-0012 Japan
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30
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Tuning of a Membrane-Perforating Antimicrobial Peptide to Selectively Target Membranes of Different Lipid Composition. J Membr Biol 2021; 254:75-96. [PMID: 33564914 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-021-00174-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The use of designed antimicrobial peptides as drugs has been impeded by the absence of simple sequence-structure-function relationships and design rules. The likely cause is that many of these peptides permeabilize membranes via highly disordered, heterogeneous mechanisms, forming aggregates without well-defined tertiary or secondary structure. We suggest that the combination of high-throughput library screening with atomistic computer simulations can successfully address this challenge by tuning a previously developed general pore-forming peptide into a selective pore-former for different lipid types. A library of 2916 peptides was designed based on the LDKA template. The library peptides were synthesized and screened using a high-throughput orthogonal vesicle leakage assay. Dyes of different sizes were entrapped inside vesicles with varying lipid composition to simultaneously screen for both pore size and affinity for negatively charged and neutral lipid membranes. From this screen, nine different LDKA variants that have unique activity were selected, sequenced, synthesized, and characterized. Despite the minor sequence changes, each of these peptides has unique functional properties, forming either small or large pores and being selective for either neutral or anionic lipid bilayers. Long-scale, unbiased atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations directly reveal that rather than rigid, well-defined pores, these peptides can form a large repertoire of functional dynamic and heterogeneous aggregates, strongly affected by single mutations. Predicting the propensity to aggregate and assemble in a given environment from sequence alone holds the key to functional prediction of membrane permeabilization.
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31
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Iyoda M, Nishinaga T, Watanabe R, Kuwatani Y. Synthesis, Structure, and π-Donor Properties of Tris(ethylenedioxy)benzene and Bis(ethylenedioxy)thiophene. HETEROCYCLES 2021. [DOI: 10.3987/com-20-s(k)37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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32
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Min Y, Cao X, Tian H, Liu J, Wang L. B←N-Incorporated Dibenzo-azaacene with Selective Near-Infrared Absorption and Visible Transparency. Chemistry 2020; 27:2065-2071. [PMID: 32978969 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Organic compounds with selective near-infrared absorption and visible transparency are very desirable for fabrication of transparent/semitransparent optoelectronic devices. Herein, we develop a molecule with selective near-infrared absorption property, QBNA-O, in which four B←N units are incorporated to the core and two benzodioxin groups are introduced at the termini of the dibenzo-azaacene skeleton. QBNA-O exhibits a small optical gap of 1.39 eV due to the strong electron-donating benzodioxin groups and the strong electron-withdrawing B←N units. In toluene solution, QBNA-O shows a strong absorption peak at 856 nm with the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of only 41 nm as well as very weak absorption in the visible range from 380 nm to 760 nm. Thin films of QBNA-O exhibit the average visible transparency (AVT) of 78 % at the thickness of 205 nm and 90 % at the thickness of 45 nm. Solution-processed organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) of QBNA-O display ambipolar transporting behavior with the electron mobility of 0.52 cm2 V-1 s-1 and the hole mobility of 0.013 cm2 V-1 s-1 together with excellent air-stability. The selective NIR absorbing property and excellent charge transporting property imply that QBNA-O can be used to fabricate transparent organic optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Min
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230023, China
| | - Hongkun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Lixiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
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33
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Mahata A, Chandra S, Maiti A, Rao DK, Yildiz CB, Sarkar B, Jana A. α,α′-Diamino-p-quinodimethanes with Three Stable Oxidation States. Org Lett 2020; 22:8332-8336. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alok Mahata
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally, Hyderabad-500046, India
| | - Shubhadeep Chandra
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Koordinationschemie, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Fakultät Chemie, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Avijit Maiti
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally, Hyderabad-500046, India
| | - D. Krishna Rao
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally, Hyderabad-500046, India
| | - Cem B. Yildiz
- Department of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, University of Aksaray, Aksaray-68100, Turkey
| | - Biprajit Sarkar
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Koordinationschemie, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Fakultät Chemie, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Anukul Jana
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally, Hyderabad-500046, India
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34
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Wehrmann CM, Imran M, Pointer C, Fredin LA, Young ER, Chen MS. Spin multiplicity effects in doublet versus singlet emission: the photophysical consequences of a single electron. Chem Sci 2020; 11:10212-10219. [PMID: 34094286 PMCID: PMC8162447 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04211k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ambient-stable fluorescent radicals have recently emerged as promising luminescent materials; however, tailoring their properties has been difficult due to the limited photophysical understanding of open-shell organic systems. Here we report the experimental and computational analysis of a redox pair of π-conjugated fluorescent molecules that differ by one electron. A π-dication (DC) and π-radical cation (RC) demonstrate different absorption spectra, but similar red emission (λemiss,max = ∼630 nm), excitation maxima (λexc,max = ∼530 nm), fluorescence lifetimes (1–10 ns), and even excited-state (non-emissive) lifetimes when measured by transient absorption spectroscopy. Despite their experimental similarities, time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) studies reveal that DC and RC emission mechanisms are distinct and rely on different electronic transitions. Excited-state reorganization occurs by hole relaxation in singlet DC, while doublet RC undergoes a Jahn-Teller distortion by bending its π-backbone in order to facilitate spin-pairing between singly occupied molecular orbitals. This relationship between the excited-state dynamics of RC and its π-backbone geometry illustrates a potential strategy for developing π-conjugated radicals with new emission properties. Additionally, by comparing TDDFT and CIS (configuration interaction singles) excitations, we show that unrestricted TDDFT accurately reproduces experimental absorption spectra and provides an opportunity to examine the relaxed excited-state properties of large open-shell molecules like RC. Experimental and computational studies reveal mechanistic differences in the photophysics of an open- versus closed-shell π-conjugated redox pair.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb M Wehrmann
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University Bethlehem PA 18015 USA
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University Bethlehem PA 18015 USA
| | - Craig Pointer
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University Bethlehem PA 18015 USA
| | - Lisa A Fredin
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University Bethlehem PA 18015 USA
| | | | - Mark S Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University Bethlehem PA 18015 USA
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35
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Qian S, Pu X, Chang G, Huang Y, Yang Y. Rh(III)-Catalyzed Oxidative C–H Activation/Domino Annulation of Anilines with 1,3-Diynes: A Rapid Access to Blue-Emitting Tricyclic N,O-Heteroaromatics. Org Lett 2020; 22:5309-5313. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengyou Qian
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingwen Pu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guanjun Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yudong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, People’s Republic of China
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36
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Lin Z, Chen L, Xu Q, Shao G, Zeng Z, Wu D, Xia J. Tuning Biradical Character to Enable High and Balanced Ambipolar Charge Transport in a Quinoidal π-System. Org Lett 2020; 22:2553-2558. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohang Lin
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Guangwei Shao
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Ziyue Zeng
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Di Wu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Jianlong Xia
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
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