1
|
Zhu S, Wu W, Hong D, Chai F, Huang Z, Zhu X, Zhou S, Wang S. Synthesis and Reactivity of the Rare-Earth Metal Complexes Bearing the Indol-2-yl-Based NCN Pincer Ligand. Inorg Chem 2024. [PMID: 39069833 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
The pincer rare-earth dialkyl complexes [κ3-LRE(CH2SiMe3)2 (RE = Lu(1a), Yb(1b), Er(1c), Y(1d), Dy(1e))] with the indol-2-yl-based NCN pincer ligand were synthesized by the reactions of the proligand HL (L = 1-Me2NCH2CH2-3-(2-iPrC6H5N═CH)C8H4N) with RE(CH2SiMe3)3(THF)2. These complexes exhibited a variety of reactivities toward organic compounds such as amines, triphenylphosphine ylide, N-phenylimidazole, pyridine derivatives, and o-carborane leading to σ-bond metathesis, migration insertion, and redox reaction products. The reactions of the dialkyl rare-earth metal complexes with o-carborane afforded the novel NCN pincer-ligated carboryne-based metallacyclopropanes which reacted with diphenyl ketone to give insertion products of the RE-C2-ind and one of the RE-Ccage bonds, while the reaction of the carboryne-based metallacyclopropanes with diphenyldiazomethane produced the di-aza-metallacyclopentanes via the insertions of the N═N bond of the diphenyldiazomethane into two RE-Ccage bonds and the RE-C2-ind bond. The reactions of the dialkyl complexes with 2 equiv of 2,2'-bipyridine afforded the pincer-ligated bis(2,2'-bipyridyl monoanionic radical) complexes via the homolytic redox reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Zhu
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, PR China
| | - Weikang Wu
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, PR China
| | - Dongjing Hong
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, PR China
| | - Fuxiang Chai
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, PR China
| | - Zeming Huang
- Anhui Laboratory of Clean Catalytic Engineering, Anhui Laboratory of Functional Coordinated Complexes for Materials Chemistry and Application, College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, PR China
| | - Xiancui Zhu
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, PR China
| | - Shuangliu Zhou
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, PR China
| | - Shaowu Wang
- Anhui Laboratory of Clean Catalytic Engineering, Anhui Laboratory of Functional Coordinated Complexes for Materials Chemistry and Application, College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xing JF, Tan YZ, Zhu J. Probing σ-Aromaticity-Driven Ring Contraction of Metallabenzocyclobutadiene to Metallabenzocyclopropene. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:13903-13910. [PMID: 39014892 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Ring contraction of metallacyclobutadiene to metallacyclopropene is rare because of the increasing strain from a four-membered ring to a three-membered one. Here we demonstrate a new series of reactions of metallabenzocyclobutadiene to metallabenzocyclopropene via density functional theory calculations. The results suggest that these reactions are thermodynamically favorable ranging from -17.4 to -29.4 kcal mol-1, and a low reaction barrier (10.3 kcal mol-1) is achieved when the metal center is Ru and the ligands are one cyanide and one chloride. Further analysis suggests that a strengthened binding energy helps stabilize the transition state in the protonation process. The aromaticity during the reaction was investigated using the electron density of delocalized bonds (EDDB), isomerization stabilization energy, and isodesmic reactions. The EDDB shows that the π-conjugation is disrupted in the intermediate, and then σ-aromaticity is generated and dominant in the products. Our findings could be helpful for experimentalists in developing novel ring contraction reactions driven by aromaticity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Feng Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Zhi Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhu
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wu X, Du J, Gao Y, Wang H, Zhang C, Zhang R, He H, Lu GM, Wu Z. Progress and challenges in nitrous oxide decomposition and valorization. Chem Soc Rev 2024. [PMID: 39007174 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00919j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Nitrous oxide (N2O) decomposition is increasingly acknowledged as a viable strategy for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions and addressing ozone depletion, aligning significantly with the UN's sustainable development goals (SDGs) and carbon neutrality objectives. To enhance efficiency in treatment and explore potential valorization, recent developments have introduced novel N2O reduction catalysts and pathways. Despite these advancements, a comprehensive and comparative review is absent. In this review, we undertake a thorough evaluation of N2O treatment technologies from a holistic perspective. First, we summarize and update the recent progress in thermal decomposition, direct catalytic decomposition (deN2O), and selective catalytic reduction of N2O. The scope extends to the catalytic activity of emerging catalysts, including nanostructured materials and single-atom catalysts. Furthermore, we present a detailed account of the mechanisms and applications of room-temperature techniques characterized by low energy consumption and sustainable merits, including photocatalytic and electrocatalytic N2O reduction. This article also underscores the extensive and effective utilization of N2O resources in chemical synthesis scenarios, providing potential avenues for future resource reuse. This review provides an accessible theoretical foundation and a panoramic vision for practical N2O emission controls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuanhao Wu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, China Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Industrial Boiler & Furnace Flue Gas Pollution Control, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Jiaxin Du
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, China Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Industrial Boiler & Furnace Flue Gas Pollution Control, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Yanxia Gao
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, China Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Industrial Boiler & Furnace Flue Gas Pollution Control, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Haiqiang Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, China Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Industrial Boiler & Furnace Flue Gas Pollution Control, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Changbin Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Runduo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Hong He
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | | | - Zhongbiao Wu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, China Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Industrial Boiler & Furnace Flue Gas Pollution Control, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Huang D, Liu W, Zheng Y, Feng R, Chai Z, Wei J, Zhang WX. Nonplanar Aromaticity of Dinuclear Rare-Earth Metallacycles. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:15609-15618. [PMID: 38776637 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c04683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
While the concept of metalla-aromaticity has well been extended to transition organometallic compounds in diverse geometries, aromatic rare-earth organometallic complexes are rare due to the special (n - 1)d0 configuration and high-lying (n - 1)d orbitals of rare-earth centers. In particular, nonplanar cases of rare-earth complexes have not been reported so far. Here, we disclose the nonplanar aromaticity of dinuclear scandium and samarium metallacycles characterized by various aromaticity indices (nucleus-independent chemical shift, isochemical shielding surface, anisotropy of induced current density, and isomerization stabilization energy). Bonding analyses (Kohn-Sham molecular orbital, adaptive natural density partitioning, multicenter bond indices, and principal interacting orbital) reveal that three delocalized π orbitals, predominantly contributed by the 2-butene tetraanion ligand, result in the formation of six-electron conjugated systems. Guided by these findings, we predicted that the lutetium and gadolinium analogues of dinuclear rare-earth metallacycles should be aromatic, which have been verified by the successful synthesis of real molecules. This work extends the concept of nonplanar aromaticity to the field of rare-earth metallacycles and illuminates the path for designing and synthesizing various rare-earth metalla-aromatics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dajiang Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Rui Feng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhengqi Chai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Junnian Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wen-Xiong Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Guo D, Hong D, Huang Z, Zhou S, Zhu X, Wang S. Reactivity of Rare Earth Metal Alkyl Complexes with Nitriles or Isonitrile: Versatile Ways toward Multiply Functionalized β-Diketiminato, (Iso)indolyl, and Imidazolyl Chelating Rare Earth Metal Complexes. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:9539-9551. [PMID: 38380592 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
The reactivity of the rare earth metal alkyl complexes LRE(CH2SiMe3)(THF)2 (1RE) [RE = Y (1Y), Yb (1Yb), Lu (1Lu); L = 2,5-[(2-pyrrolyl)CPh2]2(N-methylpyrrole)] with various nitriles and isonitriles has been fully developed. Treatment of the yttrium monoalkyl complex (1Y) with 2 equiv of aromatic nitriles afforded the symmetric trisubstituted β-diketiminato yttrium complexes (2Y(H), 2Y(Me), and 2Y(F)) through successive cyano group insertion into the RE-C bond and 1,3-H shift or the unsymmetric trisubstituted β-diketiminato yttrium complex (3Y) unexpectedly via a 1,3-SiMe3 shift when 4-(trifluoromethyl)benzonitrile was used in this reaction under the same conditions. By treating 1Y with 2 equiv of tolyl acetonitrile, an activation of the sp3 C-H bond occurred to form the corresponding β-aryl keteniminato complexes 4Y(p-tol) and 4Y(m-tol). Remarkably, a heteroleptic cleavage of the CO-CN bond took place in the reaction of 1Y with benzoyl nitrile, affording the unsymmetric trinuclear yttrium complex 5Y bridged by three cyanide groups. Dinuclear ytterbium and lutetium complexes 6Yb and 6Lu containing a functionalized isoindole fragment were synthesized from the reactions of 1 with phthalonitrile by tandem insertion and cyclization. Further studies indicated that the temperature and stoichiometric ratio have a great influence on the reactivity patterns between the reactions of 1RE with benzylisonitrile: two tetrasubstituted β-diketiminato complexes 8 and 9 were obtained at -30 °C, and tetrasubstituted imidazolyl yttrium and lutetium complexes 7 were isolated at elevated temperature, respectively. In addition, the tetrasubstituted β-diketiminato complexes 8 and 9 could be irreversibly converted to the cyclization products 7 by elevating the reaction temperature not only on the NMR scale but also on the preparative scale. Notably, when the phenyl isonitrile instead of benzyl isonitrile was reacted with 1Yb, a 2,3-functionalized indolyl ytterbium complex 10Yb was isolated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dianjun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
| | - Dongjing Hong
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
| | - Zeming Huang
- Anhui Laboratory of Clean Catalytic Engineering, Anhui Laboratory of Functional Complexes for Materials Chemistry and Application, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Shuangliu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
| | - Xiancui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
| | - Shaowu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
- Anhui Laboratory of Clean Catalytic Engineering, Anhui Laboratory of Functional Complexes for Materials Chemistry and Application, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ruan K, Lu Z, Rao R, Liu JJ, Chen D, Xia H. Craig-Hückel Hybrid Aromatic Metalla-dehydro[11]annulenes Constructed by a Formal [10+1] Cycloaddition Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316885. [PMID: 38135661 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Aromatic metalla-annulenes are important aromatic compounds, research into which has been mainly concentrated on metal-benzenes and their lower homologues. Reports on their superior homologs are rare, and this has greatly limited the systematic study of their properties. In this work, a series of osma-dehydro[11]annulenes with good air and thermal stability were prepared in high yields through a simple [10+1] strategy, by incorporating a metal fragment into conjugated ten-carbon chains in a one-pot reaction. They are the first monometallic aromatic metalla-[n]annulenes with the ring size larger than 6, and their Craig-Hückel hybrid aromaticity is supported by various physical and computational parameters. Besides, these complexes show versatile reactivities, not only giving further evidence for their aromaticity, but also demonstrating their physical and chemical properties can easily be regulated. This work enriches the metalla-aromatic chemistry, and provides a new avenue for the synthesis of large metalla-annulenes with different ring sizes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaidong Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhengyu Lu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ren Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jiao-Jiao Liu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Dafa Chen
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Haiping Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yang XF, Zhang MX, Liu SH, Hartl F. Metallaaromatic Complexes as Candidates for Future Molecular Materials and Electronic Devices: Recent Advancements. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202300860. [PMID: 37997007 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the field of organometallic chemistry has made a great progress and diverse types of metallaaromatics have successively been reported. In those studies, incorporation of ligated osmium centers into metallaaromatic systems played a prominent role. The reviewed literature documents that certain metallaaromatics with unconventional photophysical properties, redox and electronic transport properties and magnetism, have potential to be widely used in diverse practical applications, with selected examples of amino acid and fluoride anion identification, photothermal effects, functional materials, photodynamic therapy (PDT) in biomedicine, single-molecule junction conductors, and electron-transport layer materials (ETLs) in solar cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Fei Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Xing Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Purification and Application of Plant Anti-cancer Active Ingredients, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Hubei University of Education, Wuhan, 430205, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Hua Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - František Hartl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6DX, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang Y, Zhao X, Qin Y, Li X, Chang Y, Shi Z, Song M, Sun W, Xiao J, Li Z, Qing G. Order-order assembly transition-driven polyamines detection based on iron-sulfur complexes. Commun Chem 2023; 6:146. [PMID: 37420027 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-00942-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Innovative modes of response can greatly push forward chemical sensing processes and subsequently improve sensing performance. Classical chemical sensing modes seldom involve the transition of a delicate molecular assembly during the response. Here, we display a sensing mode for polyamine detection based on an order-order transition of iron-sulfur complexes upon their assembly. Strong validation proves that the unique order-order transition of the assemblies is the driving force of the response, in which the polyamine captures the metal ion of the iron-sulfur complex, leading it to decompose into a metal-polyamine product, accompanied by an order-order transition of the assemblies. This mechanism makes the detection process more intuitive and selective, and remarkably improves the detection efficiency, achieving excellent polyamines specificity, second-level response, convenient visual detection, and good recyclability of the sensing system. Furthermore, this paper also provides opportunities for the further application of the iron-sulfur platform in environment-related fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhao
- Sixth Laboratory, Sinopec Dalian (Fushun) Research Institute of Petroleum and Petrochemicals, 96 Nankai Road, Dalian, 116045, P. R. China
| | - Yue Qin
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xiaopei Li
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yongxin Chang
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Zhenqiang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Mengyuan Song
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Wenjing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Jie Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Zan Li
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Guangyan Qing
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China.
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, 1 Sunshine Road, Wuhan, 430200, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li Q, Fei J, Ruan K, Hua Y, Chen D, Luo M, Xia H. Reshaping aromatic frameworks: expansion of aromatic system drives metallabenzenoids to metallapentalenes. Chem Sci 2023; 14:5672-5680. [PMID: 37265719 PMCID: PMC10231429 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01491f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Reshaping an aromatic framework to generate other skeletons is a challenging issue due to the stabilization energy of aromaticity. Such reconfigurations of aromatics commonly generate non-aromatic products and hardly ever reshape to a different aromatic framework. Herein, we present the transformation of metallaindenols to metallapentalenes and metallaindenes in divergent pathways, converting one aromatic framework to another with an extension of the conjugation framework. The mechanistic study of this transformation shows that phosphorus ligands play different roles in the divergent processes. Further theoretical studies indicate that the expansion of the aromatic system is the driving force promoting this skeletal rearrangement. Our findings offer a new concept and strategy to reshape and construct aromatic compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Jiawei Fei
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Kaidong Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Yuhui Hua
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Dafa Chen
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Ming Luo
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Haiping Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chu Z, Li J, Hua Y, Luo M, Chen D, Xia H. Hetero-carbolong chemistry: experimental and theoretical studies of diaza-metallapentalenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:4173-4176. [PMID: 36939834 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc00029j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
Four diaza-osmapentalenes were prepared by two-step reactions, through the treatment of an alkyne-coordinated osmium complex with azo compounds, followed by the addition of AgSbF6/CO. Their aromaticity was confirmed by crystal parameters, NMR spectra and theoretical calculations. These complexes are the first diaza-metallapentalenes representing a new class of metallaaromatics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwei Chu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jinhua Li
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuhui Hua
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ming Luo
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dafa Chen
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China.
| | - Haiping Xia
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhu M, Chai Z, Lv ZJ, Li T, Liu W, Wei J, Zhang WX. Selective Cleavage of the Strong or Weak C-C Bonds in Biphenylene Enabled by Rare-Earth Metals. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:6633-6638. [PMID: 36917557 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
Selective cleavage of C-C bonds within arene rings is of great interest but remains elusive, especially for the molecules possessing the active and inert C-C bonds. Here, we report that the active and inert C-C bonds of biphenylene could be controllably cleaved by the reaction of biphenylene, potassium graphite, and rare-earth complexes with different metal centers. For scandium, the bond activation occurs at the Caryl-Caryl single bond, yielding 9-scandafluorene. For Lu, the reaction goes through ring contraction of the aromatic ring in biphenylene to provide benzopentalene dianionic lutetium. The origin of the selectivity and the reaction mechanism were illustrated by the isolation of intermediates and DFT calculations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhengqi Chai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ze-Jie Lv
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tianyu Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Junnian Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wen-Xiong Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chai Z, Zhang WX. Dicarbanion Compounds: The Bridge between Organometallic Reagents and Mononuclear Heterocycles. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengqi Chai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-Xiong Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing100871, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang S, Heng Y, Li T, Wang D, Hou G, Zi G, Walter MD. Intrinsic reactivity of [η 5-1,3-(Me 3Si) 2C 5H 3] 2U(η 4-C 4Ph 2) in small molecule activation. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:11072-11085. [PMID: 35796202 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01730j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The uranium metallacyclocumulene, [η5-1,3-(Me3Si)2C5H3]2U(η4-C4Ph2) (3) was isolated from the reaction mixture containing [η5-1,3-(Me3Si)2C5H3]2UCl2 (1), potassium graphite (KC8) and 1,4-diphenylbutadiyne (PhCC-CCPh) in good yield. The reactivity of 3 towards various small organic molecules was evaluated. For example, while complex 3 shows no reactivity towards alkynes and 2,2'-bipyridine, it may deliver the [η5-1,3-(Me3Si)2C5H3]2U(II) fragment in the presence of Ph2E2 (E = S, Se) and Ph3CN3, or react as a nucleophile in the presence of carbodiimides, isothiocyanates, aldehydes, ketones, and pyridine derivatives, forming five-, seven- or nine-membered heterometallacycles. On the contrary, addition of Ph2CS to 3 induces CS bond cleavage yielding the dithiolate complex [η5-1,3-(Me3Si)2C5H3]2U[S2(C12H5Ph5)] (14). In contrast, the closely related, but sterically more encumbered uranium metallacyclocumulene [η5-1,2,4-(Me3Si)3C5H2]2U(η4-C4Ph2) (4) features a more limited reactivity which is restricted to mono- and double insertions with small unsaturated organic molecules such as isothiocyanates, ketones and nitriles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shichun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Yi Heng
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Tongyu Li
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Dongwei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Guohua Hou
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Guofu Zi
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Marc D Walter
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Xu B, Mao W, Wu C, Li J, Lu Z, Luo M, Chen D, Xia H. A
One‐Pot
Strategy for the Synthesis of
β
‐Substituted
Rhoda‐ and
Irida‐Carbolong
Complexes. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202200179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Xu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Mao
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 People's Republic of China
| | - Chengcheng Wu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhua Li
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengyu Lu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Luo
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 People's Republic of China
| | - Dafa Chen
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 People's Republic of China
| | - Haiping Xia
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang ZL, Chen TT, Chen WJ, Li WL, Zhao J, Jiang XL, Li J, Wang LS, Hu HS. The smallest 4f-metalla-aromatic molecule of cyclo-PrB 2− with Pr–B multiple bonds. Chem Sci 2022; 13:10082-10094. [PMID: 36128247 PMCID: PMC9430590 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc02852b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of metalla-aromaticity proposed by Thorn–Hoffmann (Nouv. J. Chim. 1979, 3, 39) has been expanded to organometallic molecules of transition metals that have more than one independent electron-delocalized system. Lanthanides, with highly contracted 4f atomic orbitals, are rarely found in multiply aromatic systems. Here we report the discovery of a doubly aromatic triatomic lanthanide-boron molecule PrB2− based on a joint photoelectron spectroscopy and quantum chemical investigation. Global minimum structural searches reveal that PrB2− has a C2v triangular structure with a paramagnetic triplet 3B2 electronic ground state, which can be viewed as featuring a trivalent Pr(III,f2) and B24−. Chemical bonding analyses show that this cyclo-PrB2− species is the smallest 4f-metalla-aromatic system exhibiting σ and π double aromaticity and multiple Pr–B bonding characters. It also sheds light on the formation of the rare B24− tetraanion by the high-lying 5d orbitals of the 4f-elements, completing the isoelectronic B24−, C22−, N2, and O22+ series. We report the smallest 4f-metalla-aromatic molecule of PrB2− exhibiting σ and π double aromaticity and multiple Pr–B bond characters.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Ling Wang
- Department of Chemistry & Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Teng-Teng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence 02912, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Wei-Jia Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence 02912, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Wan-Lu Li
- Department of Chemistry & Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Chemistry & Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xue-Lian Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lai-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence 02912, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Han-Shi Hu
- Department of Chemistry & Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Rosenthal U. Take a "Snapshot" of New Syntheses, Reactions, and Characterizations from Unusual Unsaturated Ring Strained Group 4 Metallacycles. Chemistry 2021; 27:17751-17760. [PMID: 34463390 PMCID: PMC9293241 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Recently published syntheses, reactions and characterizations of unusual unsaturated ring strained Group 4 metallocene metallacycles like metalla‐cyclocumulenes, ‐cycloallenes and ‐cycloalkynes with different ring size are updated for the last three years. There exist for some of these metallacycles, depending on the ring size, 7‐, 5‐ and 4‐membered compounds. The new results for these metallacycles are summarized here and considered in addition to the former published results. Additionally, several compounds of this type were now characterized by new reactions. For a better understanding of these compounds, some spectroscopical methods as well as theoretical calculations were published. Despite of these all‐C‐metallacycles, only in some cases the syntheses and reactions for the corresponding hetero‐metallacycles were published too. Examples for these metallaheterocyclic compounds will not be considered in this article. All these unusual ring strained compounds have a great potential for a lot of interesting synthetic applications in the future. Additionally, they are very interesting from the theoretical point of view.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Rosenthal
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29 A, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Xiong G, Tardif O, Nishiura M, Bingtao G, Hou Z. Synthesis and Structure Diversity of Half‐Sandwich Rare Earth Dialkynyl Complexes. Helv Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.202100197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Xiong
- Advanced Catalysis Research Group RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science 2-1 Hirosawa Wako, Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Olivier Tardif
- Organometallic Chemistry Laboratory RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research 2-1 Hirosawa Wako, Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Masayoshi Nishiura
- Advanced Catalysis Research Group RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science 2-1 Hirosawa Wako, Saitama 351-0198 Japan
- Organometallic Chemistry Laboratory RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research 2-1 Hirosawa Wako, Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Guan Bingtao
- Organometallic Chemistry Laboratory RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research 2-1 Hirosawa Wako, Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Zhaomin Hou
- Advanced Catalysis Research Group RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science 2-1 Hirosawa Wako, Saitama 351-0198 Japan
- Organometallic Chemistry Laboratory RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research 2-1 Hirosawa Wako, Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Rosenthal U. Latest News: Reactions of Group 4 Bis(trimethylsilyl)acetylene Metallocene Complexes and Applications of the Obtained Products. ChemistryOpen 2021; 10:1234-1243. [PMID: 34882978 PMCID: PMC8659550 DOI: 10.1002/open.202100258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently published reactions of group 4 metallocene bis(trimethylsilyl)acetylene (btmsa) complexes from the last two years are reviewed. Complexes like Cp'2 Ti(η2 -Me3 SiC2 SiMe3 ) and Cp2 Zr(py)(η2 -Me3 SiC2 SiMe3 ) with Cp' as Cp (cyclopentadienyl) and Cp* (pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) have been considered (py=pyridine). These complexes can liberate a reactive low-valent titanium or zirconium center by dissociation of the ligands and act as ''masked'' MII complexes (M=Ti, Zr). They represent excellent sources for the clean generation of the reactive coordinatively and electronically unsaturated complex fragments [Cp'2 M]. This is the reason why they were used for many synthetic and catalytic reactions during the last years. As an update to several review articles on this topic, this contribution provides an update with recent examples of preparative organometallic and organic chemistry of these complexes, acting as reagents for a wide range of coordinating and coupling reactions. In addition, applications and investigations concerning reaction products derived from this chemistry are mentioned, too.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Rosenthal
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis at theUniversity of RostockAlbert-Einstein-Str. 29 A18059RostockGermany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lv ZJ, Liu W, Zhu M, Chai Z, Wei J, Zhang WX. Insertion Chemistry of Lutetacyclopropene toward Unsaturated C-O/C-N Bonds. Chemistry 2021; 27:16498-16504. [PMID: 34608685 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Although the reaction chemistry of transition metallacyclopropenes has been well-established in the last decades, the reactivity of rare-earth metallacyclopropenes remains elusive. Herein, we report the reaction of lutetacyclopropene 1 toward a series of unsaturated molecules. The reaction of 1 with one equiv. of PhCOMe, Ar1 CHO (Ar1 =2,6-Me2 C6 H3 ), W(CO)6 , and PhCH=NPh provided oxalutetacyclopentenes, metallacyclic lutetoxycarbene, and azalutetacyclopentene via 1,2-insertion of C=O, C≡O, or C=N bonds into Lu-Csp2 bond, respectively. However, the reaction between 1 and Ar2 N=C=NAr2 (Ar2 =4-MeC6 H4 ) gave an acyclic lutetium complex with a diamidinate ligand by the coupling of one molecule of 1 with two carbodiimides, irrespective of the amount of carbodiimide employed. More interestingly, when 1 was treated with two equiv. of Ar1 CHO, the reductive coupling of two C=O bonds was discovered to give a lutetium pinacolate complex along with the release of tolan. Remarkably, the reactivity of 1 is significantly different from that of scandacyclopropenes; these metallacycles derived from 1 all represent the first cases in rare-earth organometallic chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Jie Lv
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P.R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P.R. China
| | - Miaomiao Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P.R. China
| | - Zhengqi Chai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P.R. China
| | - Junnian Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Xiong Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lv ZJ, Zhu M, Liu W, Chai Z, Wei J, Zhang WX. Reactivity of Lutetacyclopropene toward Benzyl, Benzoyl, and Trimethylsilyl Nitriles Affording Diversified Lutetium Complexes. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Jie Lv
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Miaomiao Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhengqi Chai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Junnian Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wen-Xiong Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ghana P, Spaniol TP, Okuda J. Scandium Reduced Arene Complex: Protonation and Reaction with Azobenzene. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:3170-3178. [PMID: 34390326 PMCID: PMC8596697 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity of the reduced anthracene complex of scandium [Li(thf)3 ][Sc{N(tBu)Xy}2 (anth)] (2-anth-Li) (Xy=3,5-Me2 C6 H3 ; anth=C14 H10 2- , thf=tetrahydrofuran) toward Brønsted acid [NEt3 H][BPh4 ] and azobenzene is reported. While a stepwise protonation of 2-anth-Li with two equivalents of [NEt3 H][BPh4 ] afforded the scandium cation [Sc{N(tBu)Xy}2 (thf)2 ][BPh4 ] (3), reduction of azobenzene gave a thermolabile, anionic scandium reduced azobenzene complex [Li(thf)][Sc{N(tBu)Xy}2 (η2 -PhNNPh)] (4), which slowly lost one of the anilide ligands to form the neutral scandium azobenzene complex dimer [Sc{N(tBu)Xy}(μ-η2 :η2 -Ph2 N2 )]2 (5). Exposure of 3 to CO2 produced the scandium carbamate complex [Sc{κ2 -O2 CN(tBu)(Xy)}2 ][BPh4 ] (6) as a result of CO2 insertion into the Sc-N bonds. In an attempt to prepare scandium hydrides, the reaction of 3 with the hydride sources LiAlH4 and Na[BEt3 H] led to the terminal aluminum hydride [AlH{N(tBu)Xy}2 (thf)] (7) and the scandium n-butoxide [Sc{N(tBu)(Xy)}2 (μ-OnBu)] (8) after Sc/Al transmetalation and nucleophilic ring-opening of THF, respectively. All reported compounds isolated in moderate to good yields were fully characterized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priyabrata Ghana
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152056AachenGermany
| | - Thomas P. Spaniol
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152056AachenGermany
| | - Jun Okuda
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152056AachenGermany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Mazzotta
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Doris Kunz
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Li J, Lu Z, Hua Y, Chen D, Xia H. Carbolong chemistry: nucleophilic aromatic substitution of a triflate functionalized iridapentalene. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:8464-8467. [PMID: 34346430 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc03261e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity of the triflate functionalized iridapentalene 1, [Ir{[double bond, length as m-dash]CHC(CH2C(CO2Me)2CH2)[double bond, length as m-dash]CC[double bond, length as m-dash]CHC(OTf)[double bond, length as m-dash]CH}(CO)(PPh3)2]OTf, with C-, N-, O- and S-centered neutral nucleophiles was studied, leading to the isolation of a wide array of irida-carbolong derivatives. As an extension, a polycyclic complex with a rare six-fused-ring structure was constructed. This strategy provides a new route for the construction of functionalized metallaaromatic complexes, and the resulting iridacycles exhibit broad spectral absorption ranges, making them potential photoelectric materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Li
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Lanthanides and actinides: Annual survey of their organometallic chemistry covering the year 2019. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
25
|
Lv ZJ, Chai Z, Zhu M, Wei J, Zhang WX. Selective Coupling of Lanthanide Metallacyclopropenes and Nitriles via Azametallacyclopentadiene and η 2-Pyrimidine Metallacycle. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:9151-9161. [PMID: 34029479 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c03604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Exploring new lanthanide metallacycles and finding their unique chemistry different from the analogues of transition metals are of great interest and importance. In this work, we reported the synthesis, characterization, and reactivity toward nitriles of two lanthanide metallacyclopropenes: lutetacyclopropene 2a and dysprosacyclopropene 2b. The selective coupling of 2a and three molecules of PhCN was found for the first time to provide the unexpected fused lutetacycle 3a with one 1,6-dihydropyrimidine ring. Mechanistic studies by DFT calculations reveal that the triple insertion of PhCN into 2a proceeds through four key steps: the insertion of the first PhCN into 2a giving azalutetacyclopentadiene IM1, the insertion of the second PhCN into the Lu-N bond of IM1, the intramolecular electrocyclization providing a highly strained η2-pyrimidine metallacycle, and the insertion of the third PhCN into the Lu-Csp3 bond. Isolation and characterization of two active intermediates, azalutetacyclopentadiene IM1 and η2-pyrimidine dysprosacycle, provide critical evidence for the formation of 3a. Furthermore, IM1 was also reported to react with TMSCN, isocyanides, or W(CO)6 to furnish the fused [4,5] lutetacycles. The chemistry of two lanthanide metallacyclopropenes with nitriles is significantly different from these metallacyclopropenes of scandium and other metals. Most notably, the azalutetacyclopentadienes, η2-pyrimidine complex, and other metallacycles all represent the first examples in rare-earth organometallic chemistry; the formation of these new lutetacycles provides concrete evidence for understanding the mechanism of transition metal promoted or catalyzed [2+2+2] cycloaddition between alkynes and nitriles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Jie Lv
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhengqi Chai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Miaomiao Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Junnian Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wen-Xiong Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wang D, Ding W, Hou G, Zi G, Walter MD. Uranium versus Thorium: Synthesis and Reactivity of [η 5 -1,2,4-(Me 3 C) 3 C 5 H 2 ] 2 U[η 2 -C 2 Ph 2 ]. Chemistry 2021; 27:6767-6782. [PMID: 33559922 PMCID: PMC8251885 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis, electronic structure, and reactivity of a uranium metallacyclopropene were comprehensively studied. Addition of diphenylacetylene (PhC≡CPh) to the uranium phosphinidene metallocene [η5‐1,2,4‐(Me3C)3C5H2]2U=P‐2,4,6‐tBu3C6H2 (1) yields the stable uranium metallacyclopropene, [η5‐1,2,4‐(Me3C)3C5H2]2U[η2‐C2Ph2] (2). Based on density functional theory (DFT) results the 5f orbital contributions to the bonding within the metallacyclopropene U‐(η2‐C=C) moiety increases significantly compared to the related ThIV compound [η5‐1,2,4‐(Me3C)3C5H2]2Th[η2‐C2Ph2], which also results in more covalent bonds between the [η5‐1,2,4‐(Me3C)3C5H2]2U2+ and [η2‐C2Ph2]2− fragments. Although the thorium and uranium complexes are structurally closely related, different reaction patterns are therefore observed. For example, 2 reacts as a masked synthon for the low‐valent uranium(II) metallocene [η5‐1,2,4‐(Me3C)3C5H2]2UII when reacted with Ph2E2 (E=S, Se), alkynes and a variety of hetero‐unsaturated molecules such as imines, ketazine, bipy, nitriles, organic azides, and azo derivatives. In contrast, five‐membered metallaheterocycles are accessible when 2 is treated with isothiocyanate, aldehydes, and ketones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deqiang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Wanjian Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Guohua Hou
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Guofu Zi
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Marc D Walter
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Rosenthal U. Update for Reactions of Group 4 Metallocene Bis(trimethylsilyl)acetylene Complexes: A Never-Ending Story? Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- U. Rosenthal
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis at the University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 29A, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
Since the prediction of the existence of metallabenzenes in 1979, metallaaromatic chemistry has developed rapidly, due to its importance in both experimental and theoretical fields. Now six major types of metallaromatic compounds, metallabenzenes, metallabenzynes, heterometallaaromatics, dianion metalloles, metallapentalenes and metallapentalynes (also termed carbolongs), and spiro metalloles, have been reported and extensively studied. Their parent organic analogues may be aromatic, non-aromatic, or even anti-aromatic. These unique systems not only enrich the large family of aromatics, but they also broaden our understanding and extend the concept of aromaticity. This review provides a comprehensive overview of metallaaromatic chemistry. We have focused on not only the six major classes of metallaaromatics, including the main-group-metal-based metallaaromatics, but also other types, such as metallacyclobutadienes and metallacyclopropenes. The structures, synthetic methods, and reactivities are described, their applications are covered, and the challenges and future prospects of the area are discussed. The criteria commonly used to judge the aromaticity of metallaaromatics are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dafa Chen
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhui Hua
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiping Xia
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Huang F, Zheng X, Lin X, Ding L, Zhuo Q, Wen TB, Zhang H, Xia H. Extension of the Simmons-Smith reaction to metal-carbynes: efficient synthesis of metallacyclopropenes with σ-aromaticity. Chem Sci 2020; 11:10159-10166. [PMID: 34094279 PMCID: PMC8162146 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03215h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Simmons-Smith reaction offers a direct route for conversion of an alkene into a cyclopropane with a zinc carbenoid as the active intermediate. Zinc carbenoids, however, have never delivered a methylene unit to substrates with metal-carbon multiple bonds. Herein, we describe this type of reaction and the construction of three-membered rings has now been applied in organometallic systems by combining classical zinc carbenoid reagents with a range of structurally and electronically diverse metal carbynes. A variety of metallacyclopropene derivatives prepared in this way represent rare examples with σ-aromaticity in an unsaturated three-membered ring. The structures of such products are supported by experimental observations and theoretical calculations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fanping Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Xuejuan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Xinlei Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Linting Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Qingde Zhuo
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Ting Bin Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Hong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Haiping Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Dong
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Kejian Chang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Xin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| |
Collapse
|