1
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Fan J, Liu H, Wang Y, Xie Z, Lin Z, Pang K. Hydrostatic pressure effect on excited state properties of room temperature phosphorescence molecules: A QM/MM study. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 320:124626. [PMID: 38865890 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Stimulus-responsive organic room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials exhibit variations in their luminescent characteristics (lifetime and efficiency) upon exposure to external stimuli, including force, heat, light and acid-base conditions, the development of stimulus-responsive RTP molecules becomes imperative. However, the inner responsive mechanism is unclear, theoretical investigations to reveal the relationship among hydrostatic pressures, molecular structures and photophysical properties are highly desired. Herein, taking the Se-containing RTP molecule (SeAN) as a model, based on the dispersion corrected density functional theory (DFT-D), the combined quantum mechanics and molecular dynamics (QM/MM) method and thermal vibration correlation function (TVCF) theory, the influences of hydrostatic pressure on molecular structures, transition properties as well as lifetimes and efficiencies of RTP molecule are theoretically studied. Results show that extended lifetime and enhanced efficiency are observed at 2 Gpa compared with molecule at normal pressure, and this is related with the small reorganization energy and large oscillator strength. Moreover, due to the small energy gap (0.34 eV) and remarkable spin-orbit coupling (SOC) constant (8.56 cm-1) between first singlet excited state and triplet state, fast intersystem crossing (ISC) process is determined for molecule at 6 Gpa. Furthermore, the intermolecular interactions are visualized using independent gradient model based on Hirshfeld partition (IGMH) and the changes of molecular packing modes, SOC values, lifetimes and efficiencies with pressures are detected. These results reveal the relationship between molecular structures and RTP properties. Our work provides theoretical insights into the hydrostatic pressure response mechanism and could promote the development new efficient stimulus-responsive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhong Fan
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing Technology, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Huanling Liu
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing Technology, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing Technology, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Zhen Xie
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing Technology, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Zongwei Lin
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
| | - Kunwei Pang
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing Technology, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
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2
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Yang C, Kang Y, Wang X, Gou J, Xiong Y, Zhu Z, Chen L, Wu Q. N 2H 4Zn(HC 3N 3O 3): exceptionally strong second harmonic generation and ultra-long phosphorescence. Chem Sci 2024:d4sc04476b. [PMID: 39263656 PMCID: PMC11382538 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc04476b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The discovery and designed synthesis of multifunctional materials is a leading pursuit in materials science. Herein, we report a novel hydro-isocyanurate, N2H4Zn(HC3N3O3), which combines strong second harmonic generation (SHG) and ultra-long room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP). The SHG intensity is the highest within the cyanurate system (13 × KDP), and RTP lifetime extends up to 448 ms, accompanied by a long-lasting afterglow visible to the naked eye for 1.2 s, surpassing most of the current metal-organic complexes. This advancement holds promise for the development of multifunctional optoelectronic devices, particularly leveraging second-harmonic generation (SHG) processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Yang
- State /Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University Wuhan 430200 China
| | - Yuwei Kang
- State /Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University Wuhan 430200 China
| | - Xuefei Wang
- State /Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University Wuhan 430200 China
| | - Jie Gou
- State /Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University Wuhan 430200 China
| | - Yi Xiong
- State /Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University Wuhan 430200 China
| | - Zece Zhu
- State /Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University Wuhan 430200 China
| | - Ling Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China
| | - Qi Wu
- State /Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University Wuhan 430200 China
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3
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Gong J, Wang X, Zhang W, Wu Y, Li K, Sha R, Liu L, Li C, Feng L, Jiang G, Wang J, Tang BZ. Sulfur oxidation states manipulate excited state electronic configurations for constructing highly efficient organic type I photosensitizers. Chem Sci 2024; 15:13001-13010. [PMID: 39148804 PMCID: PMC11322962 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc03039g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The multiple relaxation processes of excited states are a bridge connecting molecular structures and properties, providing enormous application potential for organic luminogens. However, a systematic understanding and manipulation of the relationship between the molecular structure, excited state relaxation processes, and properties of organic luminogens is still lacking. Herein, we report a strategy for manipulating excited state electronic configurations through the regulation of the sulfur oxidation state to construct eminent organic type I PSs. Combined with the experimental results and theoretical calculations, we have successfully revealed the decisive role of high sulfur oxidation states in promoting ROS production capacity. Impressively, a higher sulfur oxidation state can reduce the singlet-triplet energy gap (ΔE ST), increase the matching degree of transition configurations, promote the changes of the excited state electronic configurations, and boost the effective ISC proportion by enhancing intramolecular interactions. Therefore, DBTS2O with the highest sulfur oxidation state exhibits the strongest type I ROS generation ability. Additionally, guided by our strategy, a water-soluble PS (2OA) is designed and synthesized, showing selective imaging capacity and photokilling ability against Gram-positive bacteria. This study broadens the horizons for both molecular design and mechanism study of high-performance organic type I PSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianye Gong
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Fine Organic Synthesis Department, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University Hohhot 010021 P. R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Wang
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute Xi'an 710069 P. R. China
| | - Weijing Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Fine Organic Synthesis Department, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University Hohhot 010021 P. R. China
| | - Yifan Wu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Fine Organic Synthesis Department, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University Hohhot 010021 P. R. China
| | - Kai Li
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Fine Organic Synthesis Department, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University Hohhot 010021 P. R. China
| | - Renmanduhu Sha
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Fine Organic Synthesis Department, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University Hohhot 010021 P. R. China
| | - Lingxiu Liu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Fine Organic Synthesis Department, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University Hohhot 010021 P. R. China
| | - Chunbin Li
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Fine Organic Synthesis Department, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University Hohhot 010021 P. R. China
| | - Lina Feng
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Fine Organic Synthesis Department, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University Hohhot 010021 P. R. China
| | - Guoyu Jiang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Fine Organic Synthesis Department, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University Hohhot 010021 P. R. China
| | - Jianguo Wang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Fine Organic Synthesis Department, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University Hohhot 010021 P. R. China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Shenzhen Guangdong 518172 P. R. China
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4
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Sivasakthi P, Samanta PK. Unveiling the photophysical and excited state properties of multi-resonant OLED emitters using combined DFT and CCSD method. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024. [PMID: 39041111 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00637b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Multi-resonance thermally-activated delayed fluorescence (MR-TADF) is predominantly observed in organoboron heteroatom-embedded molecules, featuring enhanced performance in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with high color purity, chemical stability, and excellent photoluminescence quantum yields. However, predicting the impact of any chemical change remains a challenge. Computational methods including density functional theory (DFT) still require accurate descriptions of photophysical properties of MR-TADF emitters. To circumvent this drawback, we explored recent investigations on the CzBX (Cz = carbazole, X = O, S, or Se) molecule as a central building block. We constructed a series of MR-TADF molecules by controlling chalcogen atom embedding, employing a combined approach of DFT and coupled-cluster (CCSD) methods. Our predicted results for MR-TADF emitter molecules align with the reported experimental data in the literature. The variation in the positions of chalcogen atoms embedded within the CzBX2X framework imparts unique photophysical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pandiyan Sivasakthi
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad-500078, India.
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, GITAM University, Hyderabad-502329, India
| | - Pralok K Samanta
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad-500078, India.
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, GITAM University, Hyderabad-502329, India
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5
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Samadder P, Naim K, Sahoo SC, Neelakandan PP. Surface coating induced room-temperature phosphorescence in flexible organic single crystals. Chem Sci 2024; 15:9258-9265. [PMID: 38903241 PMCID: PMC11186325 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01708k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Materials exhibiting room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) are in high demand for signage, information encryption, sensing, and biological imaging. Due to weak spin-orbit coupling and other non-radiative processes that effectively quench the triplet excited states, RTP is sparsely observed in organic materials. Although the incorporation of a heavy atom through covalent or non-covalent modification circumvents these drawbacks, heavy-atom-containing materials are undesirable because of their deleterious side effects. Here, we designed and synthesized a new naphthalidenimine-boron complex as a coating material for the single crystals of 4,4'-dimethoxybenzophenone. The coated surface was observed to exhibit yellowish-green phosphorescence with ms lifetimes at ambient conditions through Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). Importantly, the mechanical flexibility of the single crystals was observed to be retained after coating. The fluorescence-phosphorescence dual emission was utilised for colour-tunable optical waveguiding and anti-counterfeiting applications. As organic single crystals that can sustain mechanical deformations are emerging as the next-generation materials for electronic device fabrication, the flexible RTP organic crystals showing colour-tuneable optical waveguiding could be omnipotent in electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prodipta Samadder
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST) Knowledge City, Sector 81 Mohali 140306 India
| | - Khalid Naim
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST) Knowledge City, Sector 81 Mohali 140306 India
| | | | - Prakash P Neelakandan
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST) Knowledge City, Sector 81 Mohali 140306 India
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6
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Zhang Z, Wang Q, Zhang X, Mei J, Tian H. Multimode Stimuli-Responsive Room-Temperature Phosphorescence Achieved by Doping Butterfly-like Fluorogens into Crystalline Small-Molecular Hosts. JACS AU 2024; 4:1954-1965. [PMID: 38818060 PMCID: PMC11134381 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.4c00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Materials with stimuli-responsive purely organic room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) exempt from exquisite molecular design and complex preparation are highly desirable but still relatively rare. Moreover, most of them work in a single switching mode. Herein, we employ a versatile host-guest-doped strategy to facilely construct efficient RTP systems with multimode stimuli-responsiveness without ingenious molecular design. By conveniently doping butterfly-like guests, namely, N,N'-diphenyl-dihydrodibenzo[a,c]phenazines (DPACs), featured with vibration-induced emission into the small-molecular hosts via various methods, RTP systems with finely tunable photophysical properties are readily obtained. Through systematic mechanistic studies and with the aid of a series of control experiments, we unveil the critical role of the host crystallinity in achieving efficient RTP. By virtue of the inherent environmental sensitivity of both RTP and fluorescence of the DPACs, our systems exhibit multiple-stimuli-responsiveness with the luminescence not only switching between the fluorescence and phosphorescence but also continuously changing in the fluorescence color. Advanced dynamic anticounterfeiting and multilevel information encryption is thereby realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaozhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials,
Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science
Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Joint International
Research Laboratory for Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering,
Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qijing Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials,
Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science
Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Joint International
Research Laboratory for Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering,
Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials,
Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science
Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Joint International
Research Laboratory for Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering,
Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ju Mei
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials,
Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science
Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Joint International
Research Laboratory for Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering,
Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - He Tian
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials,
Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science
Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Joint International
Research Laboratory for Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering,
Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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7
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Mao Y, Yao X, Yu Z, An Z, Ma H. Ground-State Orbital Descriptors for Accelerated Development of Organic Room-Temperature Phosphorescent Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318836. [PMID: 38141053 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Organic materials with room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) are in high demand for optoelectronics and bioelectronics. Developing RTP materials highly relies on expert experience and costly excited-state calculations. It is a challenge to find a tool for effectively screening RTP materials. Herein we first establish ground-state orbital descriptors (πFMOs ) derived from the π-electron component of the frontier molecular orbitals to characterize the RTP lifetime (τp ), achieving a balance in screening efficiency and accuracy. Using the πFMOs , a data-driven machine learning model gains a high accuracy in classifying long τp , filtering out 836 candidates with long-lived RTP from a virtual library of 19,295 molecules. With the aid of the excited-state calculations, 287 compounds are predicted with high RTP efficiency. Impressively, experiments further confirm the reliability of this workflow, opening a novel avenue for designing high-performance RTP materials for potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Mao
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005 Fujian, China
| | - Xiaokang Yao
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Ze Yu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Zhongfu An
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005 Fujian, China
| | - Huili Ma
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
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8
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Zhu H, Liu J, Wu Y, Wang L, Zhang H, Li Q, Wang H, Xing H, Sessler JL, Huang F. Substrate-Responsive Pillar[5]arene-Based Organic Room-Temperature Phosphorescence. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:11130-11139. [PMID: 37155275 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) is a photophysical phenomenon typically associated with a long-lived emission that can be detected by the unaided eye. Several natural proteins display RTP, as do certain artificial polymers. In both cases, the RTP is ascribed to effective intramolecular through-space electronic communication. However, small molecules with internal electronic communication that enable RTP are relatively rare. Herein, we describe an alkyl halide-responsive RTP system consisting of a meta-formylphenyl-bearing pillar[5]arene derivative that supports effective through-space charge transfer (TSCT) within the pillararene cavity. Treatment with bromoethane, a heavy atom-containing guest for the pillar[5]arene host, serves to enhance the emission. An isomeric para-formylphenyl-bearing pillar[5]arene system proved ineffective in producing an RTP effect. Quantum chemical calculations based on single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses provided insights into the structural determinants governing TSCT between the 1,4-dimethoxybenzene donor units and the formylphenyl groups of the pillar[5]arene, as well as the associated energy gaps and intersystem crossing channels. We believe that the present system and the associated mechanistic analysis provide the foundation for design of new small molecule with tunable RTP features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huangtianzhi Zhu
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
- Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou 311215, P. R. China
| | - Junkai Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction and Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Yitao Wu
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou 311215, P. R. China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Haoke Zhang
- Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou 311215, P. R. China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Qi Li
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Hu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Hao Xing
- Hangzhou Zhijiang Advanced Material Co., Ltd, Hangzhou 311203, P. R. China
| | - Jonathan L Sessler
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Feihe Huang
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
- Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou 311215, P. R. China
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9
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Haque A, Alenezi KM, Khan MS, Wong WY, Raithby PR. Non-covalent interactions (NCIs) in π-conjugated functional materials: advances and perspectives. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:454-472. [PMID: 36594823 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00262k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The design and development of functional materials with real-life applications are highly demanding. Understanding and controlling inter- and intra-molecular interactions provide opportunities to design new materials. A judicious manipulation of the molecular structure significantly alters such interactions and can boost selected properties and functions of the material. There is burgeoning evidence of the beneficial effects of non-covalent interactions (NCIs), showing that manipulating NCIs may generate functional materials with a wide variety of physical properties leading to applications in catalysis, drug delivery, crystal engineering, etc. This prompted us to review the implications of NCIs on the molecular packing, optical properties, and applications of functional π-conjugated materials. To this end, this tutorial review will cover different types of interactions (electrostatic, π-interactions, metallophilic, etc.) and their impact on π-conjugated materials. Attempts have also been made to delineate the effects of weak interactions on opto-electronic (O-E) applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashanul Haque
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Khalaf M Alenezi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Muhammad S Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod, Muscat, Oman.
| | - Wai-Yeung Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology and Research Institute for Smart Energy, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China.
| | - Paul R Raithby
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, Avon BA2 7AY, UK.
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10
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Xu X, Yan B. Recent advances in room temperature phosphorescence materials: design strategies, internal mechanisms and intelligent optical applications. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:1457-1475. [PMID: 36597905 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05063c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials comprising organic-inorganic hybrid, pure organic, and polymer RTP materials have been a research focus due to their tunable molecular structures, long emission lifetimes and extensive optical applications. Many design methods including halogen bonding interactions, heavy atom effect, metal-organic frameworks, polymerization, host-guest doping, and H-aggregation have been developed by RTP researchers. Narrowing the energy gap between the S1 and lowest Tn states, enhancing the intersystem crossing (ISC) rate, increasing the spin-orbit coupling (SOC) value and stabilizing triplet emission states are the core factors to promoting RTP performance. In this review, lots of cases of organic-inorganic hybrid, pure organic, and polymer RTP materials with advanced design strategies, excellent RTP properties and intelligent applications have been classified and sorted. Their molecule structural designability and stimulus responsiveness endow them with RTP adjustability, which makes them excellent phosphors for modern optical applications. This review provides a systematic case elaboration of typical RTP systems in recent years and identifies the future challenges to improving RTP performance and finding novel applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xu
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road 1239, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Bing Yan
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road 1239, Shanghai 200092, China.
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11
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Secondary through-space interactions facilitated single-molecule white-light emission from clusteroluminogens. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3492. [PMID: 35715394 PMCID: PMC9205862 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31184-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Clusteroluminogens refer to some non-conjugated molecules that show visible light and unique electronic properties with through-space interactions due to the formation of aggregates. Although mature and systematic theories of molecular photophysics have been developed to study conventional conjugated chromophores, it is still challenging to endow clusteroluminogens with designed photophysical properties by manipulating through-space interactions. Herein, three clusteroluminogens with non-conjugated donor-acceptor structures and different halide substituents are designed and synthesized. These compounds show multiple emissions and even single-molecule white-light emission in the crystalline state. The intensity ratio of these emissions is easily manipulated by changing the halide atom and excitation wavelength. Experimental and theoretical results successfully disclose the electronic nature of these multiple emissions: through-space conjugation for short-wavelength fluorescence, through-space charge transfer based on secondary through-space interactions for long-wavelength fluorescence, and room-temperature phosphorescence. The introduction of secondary through-space interactions to clusteroluminogens not only enriches their varieties of photophysical properties but also inspires the establishment of novel aggregate photophysics for clusteroluminescence. Although mature and systematic theories of molecular photophysics have been developed, it is still challenging to endow clusteroluminogens (CLgens) with designed photophysical properties by manipulating through-space interactions. Here, the authors design three CLgens that show multiple emissions and white-light emission in the crystalline state, and emphasize the important role of secondary through-space interactions between the acceptor and non-conjugated donor units.
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12
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Huang A, Li Q, Li Z. Molecular Uniting Set Identified Characteristic (
MUSIC
) of Organic Optoelectronic Materials. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202100843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arui Huang
- Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Opto‐Electronic Materials, Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Qianqian Li
- Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Opto‐Electronic Materials, Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Zhen Li
- Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Opto‐Electronic Materials, Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
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Cao Q, Liu KK, Liang YC, Song SY, Deng Y, Mao X, Wang Y, Zhao WB, Lou Q, Shan CX. Brighten Triplet Excitons of Carbon Nanodots for Multicolor Phosphorescence Films. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:4097-4105. [PMID: 35536674 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c00788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Triplet excitons usually do not emit light under ambient conditions due to the spin-forbidden transition rule, thus they are called dark excitons. Herein, triplet excitons in carbon nanodots (CNDs) are brightened by embedding the CNDs into poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) films; flexible multicolor phosphorescence films are thus demonstrated. PVA chains can isolate the CNDs, and excited state electron or energy transfer induced triplet exciton quenching is thus reduced; while the formed hydrogen bonds between the CNDs and PVA can restrict vibration/rotation of the CNDs, thus further protecting the triplet excitons from nonradiative recombination. The lifetimes of the flexible multicolor phosphorescence films can reach 567, 1387, 726, and 311 ms, and the longest-lasting phosphorescence film can be observed by naked eyes for nearly 15 s even after bending 5000 times. The phosphorescence films can be processed into various patterns, and a dynamic optical signature concept has been proposed and demonstrated based on the phosphorescence films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Cao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Kai-Kai Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ya-Chuan Liang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Shi-Yu Song
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yuan Deng
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xin Mao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Wen-Bo Zhao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Qing Lou
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Chong-Xin Shan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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Room temperature phosphorescence achieved by aromatic/perfluoroaromatic interactions. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-021-1229-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Li F, Wang M, Liu S, Zhao Q. Halide-containing organic persistent luminescent materials for environmental sensing applications. Chem Sci 2022; 13:2184-2201. [PMID: 35310490 PMCID: PMC8864697 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc06586f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Great progress has been made in the development of various organic persistent luminescent (OPL) materials in the past few years, and increasing attention has been paid to their interesting applications in environmental sensing due to their long emission lifetimes and high sensitivity. Especially, the introduction of different halogen elements facilitates highly efficient OPL emission with distinct lifetimes and colours. In this review, we summarize the current status of the halide-containing OPL materials for environmental sensing applications. To begin with, the photophysical processes and luminescence mechanisms of OPL materials are expounded in detail to better understand the relationship among molecular structures, OPL properties, and sensing applications. Then, representative halide-containing material systems, such as small molecules, polymers, and doping systems, are summarized with their interesting applications in sensing temperature, oxygen, H2O, UV light and organic solvents. In addition, several challenges and future research opportunities in this field are discussed. This review aims to provide some reasonable guidance on the material design of OPL sensors and their practical applications, and tries to provide a new perspective on the application direction of organic optoelectronics. This review presents a summary of the molecular design of halide-containing organic persistent luminescent materials, and their environmental sensing applications.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & Institute of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT) 9 Wenyuan Road Nanjing 210023 Jiangsu China
| | - Mengzhu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & Institute of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT) 9 Wenyuan Road Nanjing 210023 Jiangsu China
| | - Shujuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & Institute of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT) 9 Wenyuan Road Nanjing 210023 Jiangsu China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & Institute of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT) 9 Wenyuan Road Nanjing 210023 Jiangsu China .,College of Electronic and Optical Engineering, College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Fabrication and Application of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT) 9 Wenyuan Road Nanjing 210023 Jiangsu China
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Zhou J, Mao L, Wu MX, Peng Z, Yang Y, Zhou M, Zhao XL, Shi X, Yang HB. Extended phenothiazines: synthesis, photophysical and redox properties, and efficient photocatalytic oxidative coupling of amines. Chem Sci 2022; 13:5252-5260. [PMID: 35655566 PMCID: PMC9093200 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01086k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we successfully developed a ring-fusion approach to extend the conjugation length of phenothiazines that were demonstrated to be efficient photocatalysts for visible-light-driven oxidative coupling reactions of amines under an air atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, East China Normal University, 3663 N, Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Lijun Mao
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, East China Normal University, 3663 N, Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Meng-Xiang Wu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, East China Normal University, 3663 N, Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Peng
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, East China Normal University, 3663 N, Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Yiming Yang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, East China Normal University, 3663 N, Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Manfei Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, East China Normal University, 3663 N, Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Li Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, East China Normal University, 3663 N, Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Xueliang Shi
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, East China Normal University, 3663 N, Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Bo Yang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, East China Normal University, 3663 N, Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
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