1
|
Song Y, Singh A, Feroz MM, Xu S, Zhang F, Jin W, Kumar A, Azadi P, Metzger DW, Linhardt RJ, Dordick JS. Seaweed-derived fucoidans and rhamnan sulfates serve as potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents with potential for prophylaxis. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 337:122156. [PMID: 38710572 PMCID: PMC11157668 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Seaweeds represent a rich source of sulfated polysaccharides with similarity to heparan sulfate, a facilitator of myriad virus host cell attachment. For this reason, attention has been drawn to their antiviral activity, including the potential for anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity. We have identified and structurally characterized several fucoidan extracts, including those from different species of brown macroalga, and a rhamnan sulfate from a green macroalga species. A high molecular weight fucoidan extracted from Saccharina japonica (FSjRPI-27), and a rhamnan sulfate extracted from Monostroma nitidum (RSMn), showed potent competitive inhibition of spike glycoprotein receptor binding to a heparin-coated SPR chip. This inhibition was also observed in cell-based assays using hACE2 HEK-293 T cells infected by pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 virus with IC50 values <1 μg/mL. Effectiveness was demonstrated in vivo using hACE2-transgenic mice. Intranasal administration of FSjRPI-27 showed protection when dosed 6 h prior to and at infection, and then every 2 days post-infection, with 100 % survival and no toxicity at 104 plaque-forming units per mouse vs. buffer control. At 5-fold higher virus dose, FSjRPI-27 reduced mortality and yielded reduced viral titers in bronchioalveolar fluid and lung homogenates vs. buffer control. These findings suggest the potential application of seaweed-based sulfated polysaccharides as promising anti-SARS-CoV-2 prophylactics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuefan Song
- Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, United States of America
| | - Amit Singh
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, United States of America
| | - Maisha M Feroz
- Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, United States of America; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, United States of America
| | - Shirley Xu
- Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, United States of America; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, United States of America
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, United States of America; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, United States of America
| | - Weihua Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zheijiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Ambrish Kumar
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States of America
| | - Parastoo Azadi
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States of America
| | - Dennis W Metzger
- Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, United States of America; Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, United States of America
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, United States of America; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, United States of America; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, United States of America; Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, United States of America
| | - Jonathan S Dordick
- Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, United States of America; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, United States of America; Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, United States of America; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Herczeg M, Demeter F, Nagy T, Rusznyák Á, Hodek J, Sipos É, Lekli I, Fenyvesi F, Weber J, Kéki S, Borbás A. Block Synthesis and Step-Growth Polymerization of C-6-Sulfonatomethyl-Containing Sulfated Malto-Oligosaccharides and Their Biological Profiling. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:677. [PMID: 38203849 PMCID: PMC10779578 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Highly sulfated malto-oligomers, similar to heparin and heparan-sulfate, have good antiviral, antimetastatic, anti-inflammatory and cell growth inhibitory effects. Due to their broad biological activities and simple structure, sulfated malto-oligomer derivatives have a great therapeutic potential, therefore, the development of efficient synthesis methods for their production is of utmost importance. In this work, preparation of α-(1→4)-linked oligoglucosides containing a sulfonatomethyl moiety at position C-6 of each glucose unit was studied by different approaches. Malto-oligomeric sulfonic acid derivatives up to dodecasaccharides were prepared by polymerization using different protecting groups, and the composition of the product mixtures was analyzed by MALDI-MS methods and size-exclusion chromatography. Synthesis of lower oligomers was also accomplished by stepwise and block synthetic methods, and then the oligosaccharide products were persulfated. The antiviral, anti-inflammatory and cell growth inhibitory activity of the fully sulfated malto-oligosaccharide sulfonic acids were determined by in vitro tests. Four tested di- and trisaccharide sulfonic acids effectively inhibited the activation of the TNF-α-mediated inflammatory pathway without showing cytotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mihály Herczeg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Fruzsina Demeter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Tibor Nagy
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Institute of Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (T.N.); (S.K.)
| | - Ágnes Rusznyák
- Department of Molecular and Nanopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Á.R.); (F.F.)
- Institute of Healthcare Industry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Jan Hodek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16000 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.H.); (J.W.)
| | - Éva Sipos
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (É.S.); (I.L.)
| | - István Lekli
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (É.S.); (I.L.)
| | - Ferenc Fenyvesi
- Department of Molecular and Nanopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Á.R.); (F.F.)
| | - Jan Weber
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16000 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.H.); (J.W.)
| | - Sándor Kéki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Institute of Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (T.N.); (S.K.)
| | - Anikó Borbás
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
- HUN-REN-UD Molecular Recognition and Interaction Research Group, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abdulsalam H, Li J, Loka RS, Sletten ET, Nguyen HM. Heparan Sulfate-Mimicking Glycopolymers Bind SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein in a Length- and Sulfation Pattern-Dependent Manner. ACS Med Chem Lett 2023; 14:1411-1418. [PMID: 37849547 PMCID: PMC10577887 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulfate-mimicking glycopolymers, composed of glucosamine (GlcN)-glucuronic acid (GlcA) repeating units, bind to the receptor-binding subunit (S1) and spike glycoprotein (S) domains of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in a length- and sulfation pattern-dependent fashion. A glycopolymer composed of 12 repeating GlcNS6S-GlcA units exhibits a much higher affinity to the S1 protein (IC50 = 13 ± 1.1 nM) compared with the receptor-binding domain (RBD). This glycopolymer does not interfere in angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 binding of the RBD. Although this compound binds strongly to the S1/membrane-fusion subunit (S2) junction (KD = 29.7 ± 4.18 nM), it does not shield the S1/S2 site from cleavage by furin-a behavior contrary to natural heparin. This glycopolymer lacks iduronic acid, which accounts for 70% of heparin. Further, this compound, unlike natural heparin, is well defined in both sulfation pattern and length, which results in fewer off-target interactions with heparin-binding proteins. The results highlight the potential of using polymeric heparan sulfate (HS) mimetics for the therapeutic agent development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hawau Abdulsalam
- Department
of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Jiayi Li
- Department
of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Ravi S. Loka
- Department
of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Eric T. Sletten
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Hien M. Nguyen
- Department
of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Letoha A, Hudák A, Letoha T. Exploring the Syndecan-Mediated Cellular Internalization of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14140. [PMID: 37762442 PMCID: PMC10531417 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 variants evolve to rely more on heparan sulfate (HS) for viral attachment and subsequent infection. In our earlier work, we demonstrated that the Delta variant's spike protein binds more strongly to HS compared to WT SARS-CoV-2, leading to enhanced cell internalization via syndecans (SDCs), a family of transmembrane HS proteoglycans (HSPGs) facilitating the cellular entry of the original strain. Using our previously established ACE2- or SDC-overexpressing cellular models, we now compare the ACE2- and SDC-dependent cellular uptake of heat-inactivated WT SARS-CoV-2 with the Delta and Omicron variants. Internalization studies with inactivated virus particles showed that ACE2 overexpression could not compensate for the loss of HS in Omicron's internalization, suggesting that this variant primarily uses HSPGs to enter cells. Although SDCs increased the internalization of all three viruses, subtle differences could be detected between their SDC isoform preferences. The Delta variant particularly benefitted from SDC1, 2, and 4 overexpression for cellular entry, while SDC4 had the most prominent effect on Omicron internalization. The SDC4 knockdown (KD) in Calu-3 cells reduced the cellular uptake of all three viruses, but the inhibition was the most pronounced for Omicron. The polyanionic heparin also hindered the cellular internalization of all three viruses with a dominant inhibitory effect on Omicron. Omicron's predominant HSPG affinity, combined with its preference for the universally expressed SDC4, might account for its efficient transmission yet reduced pathogenicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annamária Letoha
- Department of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary;
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Samanta P, Mishra SK, Pomin VH, Doerksen RJ. Docking and Molecular Dynamics Simulations Clarify Binding Sites for Interactions of Novel Marine Sulfated Glycans with SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein. Molecules 2023; 28:6413. [PMID: 37687244 PMCID: PMC10490367 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The entry of SARS-CoV-2 into the host cell is mediated by its S-glycoprotein (SGP). Sulfated glycans bind to the SGP receptor-binding domain (RBD), which forms a ternary complex with its receptor angiotensin converting enzyme 2. Here, we have conducted a thorough and systematic computational study of the binding of four oligosaccharide building blocks from novel marine sulfated glycans (isolated from Pentacta pygmaea and Isostichopus badionotus) to the non-glycosylated and glycosylated RBD. Blind docking studies using three docking programs identified five potential cryptic binding sites. Extensive site-targeted docking and molecular dynamics simulations using two force fields confirmed only two binding sites (Sites 1 and 5) for these novel, highly charged sulfated glycans, which were also confirmed by previously published reports. This work showed the structural features and key interactions driving ligand binding. A previous study predicted Site 2 to be a potential binding site, which was not observed here. The use of several molecular modeling approaches gave a comprehensive assessment. The detailed comparative study utilizing multiple modeling approaches is the first of its kind for novel glycan-SGP interaction characterization. This study provided insights into the key structural features of these novel glycans as they are considered for development as potential therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Samanta
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677-1848, USA; (P.S.); (S.K.M.); (V.H.P.)
| | - Sushil K. Mishra
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677-1848, USA; (P.S.); (S.K.M.); (V.H.P.)
| | - Vitor H. Pomin
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677-1848, USA; (P.S.); (S.K.M.); (V.H.P.)
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677-1848, USA
| | - Robert J. Doerksen
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677-1848, USA; (P.S.); (S.K.M.); (V.H.P.)
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677-1848, USA
| |
Collapse
|