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Yue H, He F, Zhao Z, Duan Y. Plasma-based ambient mass spectrometry: Recent progress and applications. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2023; 42:95-130. [PMID: 34128567 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ambient mass spectrometry (AMS) has grown as a group of advanced analytical techniques that allow for the direct sampling and ionization of the analytes in different statuses from their native environment without or with minimum sample pretreatments. As a significant category of AMS, plasma-based AMS has gained a lot of attention due to its features that allow rapid, real-time, high-throughput, in vivo, and in situ analysis in various fields, including bioanalysis, pharmaceuticals, forensics, food safety, and mass spectrometry imaging. Tens of new methods have been developed since the introduction of the first plasma-based AMS technique direct analysis in real-time. This review first provides a comprehensive overview of the established plasma-based AMS techniques from their ion source configurations, mechanisms, and developments. Then, the progress of the representative applications in various scientific fields in the past 4 years (January 2017 to January 2021) has been summarized. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and propose the future directions of plasma-based AMS from our perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanlu Yue
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Feiyao He
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhongjun Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yixiang Duan
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- School of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Lin HJ, Jhang SS, Hung JH, Zhang YS, Wu HL, Shiea J. Thermogravimetry combined with electrospray and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry for characterization of synthetic polymers. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2022; 36:e9351. [PMID: 35802517 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Thermogravimetry (TG) combined with electrospray and atmospheric chemical ionization (ESI+APCI) mass spectrometry (MS) was developed to rapidly characterize thermal decomposition products of synthetic polymers and plastic products. The ESI-based TG-MS method is useful for characterizing thermally labile, nonvolatile, and polar compounds over an extensive mass range; and the APCI-based TG-MS counterpart is useful for characterizing volatile and nonpolar compounds. Both polar and nonpolar compounds can be simultaneously detected by ESI+APCI-based TG-MS. METHODS Analytes with different volatility were produced from TG operated at different temperatures, which were delivered through a heated stainless-steel tube to the ESI+APCI source where they reacted with the primary charged species generated from electrospray and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (ESI+APCI) of solvent and nitrogen. The analyte ions were then detected by an ion trap mass spectrometer. RESULTS A semi-volatile PEG 600 standard was used as the sample and protonated and sodiated molecular ions together with adduct ions including [(PEG)n + 15]+ , [(PEG)n + 18]+ , and [(PEG)n + 29]+ were detected by TG-ESI+APCI-MS. The technique was further utilized to characterize thermal decomposition products of nonvolatile polypropylene glycol (PPG) and polystyrene (PS) standards, as well as a PS-made water cup and coffee cup lid. The characteristic fragments of PPG and PS with mass differences of 58 and 104 between respective ion peaks were detected at the maximum decomposition temperature (Tmax ). CONCLUSIONS The information obtained from the TG-ESI+APCI-MS analysis is useful in rapidly distinguishing different types of polymers and their products. In addition, the signals of the additives in the polymer products, including antioxidants and plasticizers, were also detected before the TG temperature reached Tmax .
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsing-Jung Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Siou-Sian Jhang
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Hung Hung
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Sheng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Heng-Liang Wu
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center of Atomic Initiative for New Materials, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jentaie Shiea
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Rapid Screening Research Center for Toxicology and Biomedicine, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Basham V, Hancock T, McKendrick J, Tessarolo N, Wicking C. Detailed chemical analysis of a fully formulated oil using dielectric barrier discharge ionisation-mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2022; 36:e9320. [PMID: 35484791 PMCID: PMC9286547 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Fully formulated oils (FFOs) are integral to automotive lubrication; however, detailed compositional analysis is challenging due to high levels of chemical complexity. In particular, existing mass spectrometric approaches often target particular FFO components, leading to poor analytical coverage of the overall formulation, with increased overheads and analytical timescales. METHODS Herein we report the application of a commercially available SICRIT SC-20 dielectric barrier discharge ionisation (DBDI) source and Thermo Fisher Scientific LTQ Orbitrap XL to the analysis of an FFO. Nitrogen was used as a discharge gas for the DBDI source, and was modified using a range of commonplace solvents to tailor the experimental conditions for the analysis of various components. RESULTS The reported method allowed analysis of a range of FFO components of interest, encompassing a wide range of chemistries, in under 1 min. By modifying the discharge gas used for ionisation, experiments could be optimised for the analysis of particular FFO components across positive and negative ion modes. In particular, use of water vapour as a discharge gas modifier with positive ion mode mass spectrometry permitted concomitant analysis of antioxidants and base oil hydrocarbons. Furthermore, case studies of selected linear alkanes and alkenes profile the differences in the range of ions formed across these saturated and unsaturated aliphatic compounds, giving insight into the fate of base oil hydrocarbons in FFO analyses. CONCLUSIONS A rapid method for analysis of FFO compositions has been developed and provides coverage of a range of components of interest. The results indicate that the method presented may be of utility in analysis of other FFOs or similarly challenging complex mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Basham
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, Whiteknights CampusUniversity of ReadingReadingUK
| | | | - John McKendrick
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, Whiteknights CampusUniversity of ReadingReadingUK
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Chao M, Fan R, Zhang L, Wang X, Shu Q, Gao J, Chen L, Gong P, Shen D. Synthesis and antioxidant properties of a novel arylamine antioxidant. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mianran Chao
- Key Laboratory of Life‐Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Qufu Normal University Jining China
| | - Rong Fan
- Key Laboratory of Life‐Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Qufu Normal University Jining China
| | - Lulu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Life‐Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Qufu Normal University Jining China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Life‐Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Qufu Normal University Jining China
| | - Qianhui Shu
- Key Laboratory of Life‐Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Qufu Normal University Jining China
| | - Jifeng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Life‐Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Qufu Normal University Jining China
| | - Lele Chen
- Key Laboratory of Life‐Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Qufu Normal University Jining China
| | - Peiwei Gong
- Key Laboratory of Life‐Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Qufu Normal University Jining China
| | - Duyi Shen
- Key Laboratory of Life‐Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Qufu Normal University Jining China
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Avval TG, Moeini B, Carver V, Fairley N, Smith EF, Baltrusaitis J, Fernandez V, Tyler BJ, Gallagher N, Linford MR. The Often-Overlooked Power of Summary Statistics in Exploratory Data Analysis: Comparison of Pattern Recognition Entropy (PRE) to Other Summary Statistics and Introduction of Divided Spectrum-PRE (DS-PRE). J Chem Inf Model 2021; 61:4173-4189. [PMID: 34499501 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.1c00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Unsupervised exploratory data analysis (EDA) is often the first step in understanding complex data sets. While summary statistics are among the most efficient and convenient tools for exploring and describing sets of data, they are often overlooked in EDA. In this paper, we show multiple case studies that compare the performance, including clustering, of a series of summary statistics in EDA. The summary statistics considered here are pattern recognition entropy (PRE), the mean, standard deviation (STD), 1-norm, range, sum of squares (SSQ), and X4, which are compared with principal component analysis (PCA), multivariate curve resolution (MCR), and/or cluster analysis. PRE and the other summary statistics are direct methods for analyzing data-they are not factor-based approaches. To quantify the performance of summary statistics, we use the concept of the "critical pair," which is employed in chromatography. The data analyzed here come from different analytical methods. Hyperspectral images, including one of a biological material, are also analyzed. In general, PRE outperforms the other summary statistics, especially in image analysis, although a suite of summary statistics is useful in exploring complex data sets. While PRE results were generally comparable to those from PCA and MCR, PRE is easier to apply. For example, there is no need to determine the number of factors that describe a data set. Finally, we introduce the concept of divided spectrum-PRE (DS-PRE) as a new EDA method. DS-PRE increases the discrimination power of PRE. We also show that DS-PRE can be used to provide the inputs for the k-nearest neighbor (kNN) algorithm. We recommend PRE and DS-PRE as rapid new tools for unsupervised EDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh G Avval
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, C100 BNSN, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Behnam Moeini
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, C100 BNSN, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Victoria Carver
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, C100 BNSN, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Neal Fairley
- Casa Software Ltd., Bay House, 5 Grosvenor Terrace, Teignmouth, Devon TQ14 8NE, U.K
| | - Emily F Smith
- Nanoscale and Microscale Research Centre (NMRC) and School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Jonas Baltrusaitis
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, B336 Iacocca Hall, 111 Research Drive, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Vincent Fernandez
- Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, IMN, Université de Nantes, CNRS, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Bonnie J Tyler
- Institut für Physik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Neal Gallagher
- Eigenvector Research, Inc., Manson, Washington 98831, United States
| | - Matthew R Linford
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, C100 BNSN, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
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Rankin‐Turner S, Heaney LM. Applications of ambient ionization mass spectrometry in 2020: An annual review. ANALYTICAL SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 2:193-212. [PMID: 38716454 PMCID: PMC10989608 DOI: 10.1002/ansa.202000135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Recent developments in mass spectrometry (MS) analyses have seen a concerted effort to reduce the complexity of analytical workflows through the simplification (or removal) of sample preparation and the shortening of run-to-run analysis times. Ambient ionization mass spectrometry (AIMS) is an exemplar MS-based technology that has swiftly developed into a popular and powerful tool in analytical science. This increase in interest and demonstrable applications is down to its capacity to enable the rapid analysis of a diverse range of samples, typically in their native state or following a minimalistic sample preparation approach. The field of AIMS is constantly improving and expanding, with developments of powerful and novel techniques, improvements to existing instrumentation, and exciting new applications added with each year that passes. This annual review provides an overview of applications of AIMS techniques over the past year (2020), with a particular focus on the application of AIMS in a number of key fields of research including biomedical sciences, forensics and security, food sciences, the environment, and chemical synthesis. Novel ambient ionization techniques are introduced, including picolitre pressure-probe electrospray ionization and fiber spray ionization, in addition to modifications and improvements to existing techniques such as hand-held devices for ease of use, and USB-powered ion sources for on-site analysis. In all, the information provided in this review supports the view that AIMS has become a leading approach in MS-based analyses and that improvements to existing methods, alongside the development of novel approaches, will continue across the foreseeable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Rankin‐Turner
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Liam M. Heaney
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health SciencesLoughborough UniversityLoughboroughLeicestershireUK
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