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Naskar S, Minoia A, Duez Q, Izuagbe A, De Winter J, Blanksby SJ, Barner-Kowollik C, Cornil J, Gerbaux P. Polystyrene Chain Geometry Probed by Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Dynamics Simulations. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2024; 35:2408-2419. [PMID: 39279164 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.4c00231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/18/2024]
Abstract
Polystyrene (PS) is a thermoplastic polymer commonly used in various applications due to its bulk properties. Designing functional polystyrenes with well-defined structures for targeted applications is of significant interest due to the rigid and apolar nature of the polymer chain. Progress is hindered to date by the limitations of current analytical methods in defining the atomistic-level folding of the polymer chain. The integration of ion mobility spectrometry and molecular dynamics simulations is beneficial in addressing these challenges. However, data on gas-phase polystyrene ions are rarely reported in the literature. We herein investigate the gas phase structure of polystyrene ions with different end groups to establish how the nature and the rigidity of the monomer unit affect the charge stabilization. We find that, in contrast to polar polymers in which the charges are located deep in the ionic globules, the charges in the PS ions are rather located at the periphery of the polymer backbone, leading to singly and doubly charged PS ions adopting dense elliptic-shaped structures. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations indicate that the folding of the PS rigid chain is controlled by phenyl ring interactions with the charge ultimately remaining excluded from the core of the globular ions, whereas the folding of polyether ions is initiated by the folding of the flexible polyether chain around the sodium ion that remains deeply enclosed in the core of the ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarajit Naskar
- Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), University of Mons - UMONS, 23 Place du Parc, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
- Center for Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), University of Mons - UMONS, 23 Place du Parc, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Andrea Minoia
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), University of Mons - UMONS, 23 Place du Parc, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Quentin Duez
- Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), University of Mons - UMONS, 23 Place du Parc, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Aidan Izuagbe
- Center for Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Julien De Winter
- Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), University of Mons - UMONS, 23 Place du Parc, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Stephen J Blanksby
- Center for Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Center for Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Jérôme Cornil
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), University of Mons - UMONS, 23 Place du Parc, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Pascal Gerbaux
- Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), University of Mons - UMONS, 23 Place du Parc, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
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Ivanova B. Special Issue with Research Topics on "Recent Analysis and Applications of Mass Spectra on Biochemistry". Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1995. [PMID: 38396673 PMCID: PMC10888122 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25041995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Analytical mass spectrometry applies irreplaceable mass spectrometric (MS) methods to analytical chemistry and chemical analysis, among other areas of analytical science [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojidarka Ivanova
- Lehrstuhl für Analytische Chemie, Institut für Umweltforschung, Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
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Duez Q, Hoyas S, Josse T, Cornil J, Gerbaux P, De Winter J. Gas-phase structure of polymer ions: Tying together theoretical approaches and ion mobility spectrometry. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2023; 42:1129-1151. [PMID: 34747528 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
An increasing number of studies take advantage of ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) coupled to mass spectrometry (IMS-MS) to investigate the spatial structure of gaseous ions. Synthetic polymers occupy a unique place in the field of IMS-MS. Indeed, due to their intrinsic dispersity, they offer a broad range of homologous ions with different lengths. To help rationalize experimental data, various theoretical approaches have been described. First, the study of trend lines is proposed to derive physicochemical and structural parameters. However, the evaluation of data fitting reflects the overall behavior of the ions without reflecting specific information on their conformation. Atomistic simulations constitute another approach that provide accurate information about the ion shape. The overall scope of this review is dedicated to the synergy between IMS-MS and theoretical approaches, including computational chemistry, demonstrating the essential role they play to fully understand/interpret IMS-MS data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Duez
- Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), University of Mons, UMONS, Mons, Belgium
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), University of Mons, UMONS, Mons, Belgium
| | - Sébastien Hoyas
- Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), University of Mons, UMONS, Mons, Belgium
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), University of Mons, UMONS, Mons, Belgium
| | | | - Jérôme Cornil
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), University of Mons, UMONS, Mons, Belgium
| | - Pascal Gerbaux
- Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), University of Mons, UMONS, Mons, Belgium
| | - Julien De Winter
- Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), University of Mons, UMONS, Mons, Belgium
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Haler JRN, Béchet E, Kune C, Far J, De Pauw E. Geometric Analysis of Shapes in Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2022; 33:273-283. [PMID: 35020377 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.1c00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Experimental ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS) results are often correlated to three-dimensional structures based on theoretical chemistry calculations. The bottleneck of this approach is the need for accurate values, both experimentally and theoretically predicted. Here, we continue the development of the trend-based analyses to extract structural information from experimental IM-MS data sets. The experimental collision cross-sections (CCSs) of synthetic systems such as homopolymers and small ionic clusters are investigated in terms of CCS trends as a function of the number of repetitive units (e.g., degree of polymerization (DP) for homopolymers) and for each detected charge state. Then, we computed the projected areas of expanding but perfectly defined geometric objects using an in-house software called MoShade. The shapes were modeled using computer-aided design software where we considered only geometric factors: no atoms, mass, chemical potentials, or interactions were taken into consideration to make the method orthogonal to classical methods for 3D shape assessments using time-consuming computational chemistry. Our modeled shape evolutions favorably compared to experimentally obtained CCS trends, meaning that the apparent volume or envelope of homogeneously distributed mass effectively modeled the ion-drift gas interactions as sampled by IM-MS. The CCSs of convex shapes could be directly related to their surface area. More importantly, this relationship seems to hold even for moderately concave shapes, such as those obtained by geometry-optimized structures of ions from conventional computational chemistry methods. Theoretical sets of expanding beads-on-a-string shapes allowed extracting accurate bead and string dimensions for two homopolymers, without modeling any chemical interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean R N Haler
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Liège, MolSys Research unit, Quartier Agora, Allée du Six Aout 11, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology - LIST, Materials Research & Technology MRT Department, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Eric Béchet
- Aerospace & Mechanical Engineering Department, Computer-aided Geometric Design, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Christopher Kune
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Liège, MolSys Research unit, Quartier Agora, Allée du Six Aout 11, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Johann Far
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Liège, MolSys Research unit, Quartier Agora, Allée du Six Aout 11, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Edwin De Pauw
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Liège, MolSys Research unit, Quartier Agora, Allée du Six Aout 11, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
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