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Groeneveld G, Gargano AFG, Voeten RLC, Bos TS, Buijsen P, Peters RAH, Schoenmakers PJ. Development of a comprehensive normal-phase liquid chromatography × size-exclusion chromatography platform with ultraviolet spectroscopy and high-resolution mass spectrometry detection for the chemical characterization of complex polyesters. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1324:343086. [PMID: 39218572 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.343086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polyesters are applied in high-end products in many industrial applications, including resins and powder-coating applications. The characterization of the chemical heterogeneities within a polyester is of utmost interest to develop new products or improve existing applications. Unfortunately, characterization is a difficult task, as polyesters may feature distributions in end-group functionality, molecular weight, chemical composition, and degree of branching. Currently, no analytical method can characterize all these interdependent distributions in a single analysis. RESULTS We report the use of comprehensive normal-phase liquid chromatography × size-exclusion chromatography hyphenated with ultraviolet-light spectroscopy and high-resolution mass spectrometry in parallel (NPLC × SEC-UV/HRMS) to characterize polyesters according to their end-group-functionality and molecular-weight distributions. The chemical composition can be measured with HRMS, while relative quantitation can be performed with UV detection. A supercharging agent was used during ionization allowing to extend the molecular-weight range of the detected chemical species. SIGNIFICANCE The presented platform allows characterization of polyesters with varying fractions of carboxyl or hydroxyl end-group functionalities and varying distributions of molecular weight, degree of branching, and chemical compositions. The number-average and weight-average molar masses are obtained in the same analysis. This information cannot be obtained by any one-dimensional technique. The developed NPLC × SEC-UV/HRMS platform is a valuable tool for characterizing polyesters in an industrial setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gino Groeneveld
- University of Amsterdam, Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Centre for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam (CASA), 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Andrea F G Gargano
- University of Amsterdam, Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Centre for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam (CASA), 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Robert L C Voeten
- Centre for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam (CASA), 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; TI-COAST, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, 1098 XH, the Netherlands
| | - Tijmen S Bos
- University of Amsterdam, Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Centre for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam (CASA), 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Paul Buijsen
- Covestro (Netherlands) B.V, Coating & Adhesives, Zwolle, 8022 AW, the Netherlands
| | - Ron A H Peters
- University of Amsterdam, Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Centre for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam (CASA), 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Covestro (Netherlands) B.V, Group Innovation & Sustainability, Waalwijk, 5145 PE, the Netherlands
| | - Peter J Schoenmakers
- University of Amsterdam, Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Centre for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam (CASA), 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Mengerink Y, Philipsen H, Jordens J, Mengerink J, van der Hoeven R, Peters RAH. Sequence distribution determination by
SWAMP‐MS
a systematic way of analyzing multiple fragmented polymers with mass spectrometry. J Appl Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ynze Mengerink
- ACC DSM Geleen The Netherlands
- Biomedical DSM Geleen The Netherlands
| | - Harry Philipsen
- ACC DSM Geleen The Netherlands
- Engineering Materials DSM Geleen The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Ron A. H. Peters
- Group Innovation Covestro Waalwijk The Netherlands
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Science (HIMS) University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
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