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Chiu KY, Ai Y, Tanim-Ai Hassan M, Li X, Gunawardena HP, Chen H. Standards-Free Absolute Quantitation of Oxidizable Glycopeptides by Coulometric Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2024; 35:1441-1450. [PMID: 38815255 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.4c00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Currently, glycopeptide quantitation is mainly based on relative quantitation due to absolute quantitation requiring isotope-labeled or standard glycopeptides which may not be commercially available or are very costly and time consuming to synthesize. To address this grand challenge, coulometric mass spectrometry (CMS), based on the combination of electrochemistry (EC) and mass spectrometry (MS), was utilized to quantify electrochemically active glycopeptides without the need of using standard materials. In this study, we studied tyrosine-containing glycopeptides, NYIVGQPSS(β-GlcNAc)TGNL-OH and NYSVPSS(β-GlcNAc)TGNL-OH, and successfully quantified them directly with CMS with a discrepancy of less than 5% between the CMS measured amount and the theoretical amount. Taking one step further, we applied this approach to quantify glycopeptides generated from the digestion of NIST mAb, a monoclonal antibody reference material. Through HILIC column separation, five N297 glycopeptides resulting from NIST mAb tryptic digestion were successfully separated and quantified by CMS for an absolute amount without the use of any standard materials. This study indicates the potential utility of CMS for quantitative proteomics research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Yuan Chiu
- Department of Chemistry & Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Yongling Ai
- Department of Chemistry & Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Md Tanim-Ai Hassan
- Department of Chemistry & Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Xuanwen Li
- Analytical Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Harsha P Gunawardena
- The Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Springhouse, Pennsylvania 19002, United States
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Chemistry & Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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FNU PIJ, Tanim-Al-Hassan M, Yaroshuk T, Ai Y, Chen H. Absolute Quantitation of Peptides and Proteins by Coulometric Mass Spectrometry After Derivatization. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY 2024; 495:117153. [PMID: 38009161 PMCID: PMC10673616 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijms.2023.117153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Peptide/protein quantitation using mass spectrometry (MS) is advantageous due to its high sensitivity. Traditional absolute peptide quantitation methods rely on making calibration curves using peptide standards or isotope-labelled peptide standards, which are expensive and take time to synthesize. A method which can eliminate the need for using standards would be beneficial. Recently, we developed coulometric mass spectrometry (CMS) which can be used to quantify peptides that are oxidizable (e.g., those containing tyrosine or tryptophan), without using peptide standard. The method is based on electrochemical oxidation of peptides followed by MS to measure the oxidation yield. However, it cannot be directly used to quantify peptides without oxidizable residues. To extend this method for quantifying peptides/proteins in general, in this study, we adopted a derivatization strategy, in which a target peptide is first tagged with an electroactive reagent such as monocarboxymethylene blue NHS ester (MCMB-NHS ester), followed with quantitation by CMS. To illustrate the power of this method, we have analyzed peptides MG and RPPGFSPFR. The quantification error was less than 5%. Using RPPGFSPFR as an example, the quantitation sensitivity of the technique was found to be 0.25 pmol. Furthermore, we also used the strategy to quantify proteins cytochrome C and β-casein with an error of 2-26%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praneeth Ivan Joel FNU
- Department of Chemistry & Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Md. Tanim-Al-Hassan
- Department of Chemistry & Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Timothy Yaroshuk
- Department of Chemistry & Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Yongling Ai
- Department of Chemistry & Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Chemistry & Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
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Ai Y, Gunawardena HP, Li X, Kim YI, Dewald HD, Chen H. Standard-Free Absolute Quantitation of Antibody Deamidation Degradation and Host Cell Proteins by Coulometric Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2022; 94:12490-12499. [PMID: 36018377 PMCID: PMC10492508 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Proteomic absolute quantitation strategies mainly rely on the use of synthetic stable isotope-labeled peptides or proteins as internal standards, which are highly costly and time-consuming to synthesize. To circumvent this limitation, we recently developed a coulometric mass spectrometry (CMS) approach for absolute quantitation of proteins without the use of standards, based on the electrochemical oxidation of oxidizable surrogate peptides, followed by mass spectrometry measurement of the peptide oxidation yield. Previously, CMS was only applied for single-protein quantitation. In this study, first, we demonstrated absolute quantitation of multiple proteins in a mixture (e.g., β-lactoglobulin B, α-lactalbumin, and carbonic anhydrase) by CMS in one run, without using any standards. The CMS quantitation result was validated with a traditional isotope dilution method. Second, CMS can be used for absolute quantitation of a low-level target protein in a mixture; for instance, 500 ppm of PLBL2, a problematic host cell protein (HCP), in the presence of a highly abundant monoclonal antibody (mAb) was successfully quantified by CMS with no use of standards. Third, taking one step further, this study demonstrated the unprecedented quantitative analysis of deamidated peptide products arising from the mAb heavy chain deamidation reaction. In particular, absolute quantitation of the deamidation succinimide intermediate which had not been performed before due to the lack of standard was conducted by CMS, for the first time. Overall, our data suggest that CMS has potential utilities for quantitative proteomics and biotherapeutic drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongling Ai
- Department of Chemistry & Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Harsha P Gunawardena
- Janssen Research & Development, The Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Xuanwen Li
- Analytical Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Yong-Ick Kim
- Department of Chemistry & Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Howard D Dewald
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Chemistry Building, 133 University Terrace, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Chemistry & Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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Wang Q, Liu Z, Liu Y, Chen H. Absolute Quantitation of N-Nitrosamines by Coulometric Mass Spectrometry without Using Standards. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2022; 33:875-884. [PMID: 35446584 PMCID: PMC9119692 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.2c00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Carcinogenic N-nitrosamines were recently found in the sartan family of drugs and caused many drug recalls. Both of their detection and quantification are therefore important. Methods reported for N-nitrosamine quantitation rely on the use of standards and are just applicable to simple N-nitrosamines. There is an urgent need to quantify N-nitrosamines derived from drugs with a complicated structure that lack standards. To tackle the issue, this study describes a novel absolute quantitation strategy for N-nitrosamines using coulometric mass spectrometry (CMS) without standards. In our approach, N-nitrosamine is first converted into electrochemically active hydrazine via zinc reduction under acidic condition and the resulting hydrazine can then be easily quantified using CMS. To validate our method, six simple N-nitrosamines, N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA), N-nitroso-4-phenylpiperidine (NPhPIP), N-nitrosodiphenylamine (NDPhA), N-nitrosodibutylamine (NDBA), N-nitrosodipropylamine (NDPA), and N-nitrosopiperidine (NPIP), were chosen as test samples, and they all were quantified with excellent measurement accuracy (quantitation error ≤1.1%). Taking this one step further, as a demonstration of the method utility, a drug-like N-nitrosamine, (R)-N-(2-(6-chloro-5-methyl-1'-nitroso-2,3-dihydrospiro[indene-1,4'-piperidin]-3-yl)propan-2-yl)acetamide (VII), was also synthesized and successfully quantified using our method at 15 ppb level in a complex formulation matrix, following solvent extraction, N-nitrosamine isolation, and reductive conversion. Because of the feature of requiring no standards, CMS provides a simple and powerful approach for N-nitrosamine absolute quantitation and has great potential for analysis of other drug impurities or metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Zhijian Liu
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Yong Liu
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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