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Görs PE, Wittenhofer P, Ayala-Cabrera JF, Meckelmann SW. Potential of atmospheric pressure ionization sources for the analysis of free fatty acids in clinical and biological samples by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:6621-6634. [PMID: 35851410 PMCID: PMC9411222 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04223-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Because of the central role of fatty acids in biological systems, their accurate quantification is still important. However, the impact of the complex matrix of biologically and clinically relevant samples such as plasma, serum, or cells makes the analysis still challenging, especially, when free non-esterified fatty acids have to be quantified. Here we developed and characterized a novel GC–MS method using pentafluorobenzyl bromide as a derivatization agent and compared different ionization techniques such as atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI), atmospheric pressure chemical photoionization (APPI), and negative ion chemical ionization (NICI). The GC-APCI-MS showed the lowest limits of detection from 30 to 300 nM for a broad range of fatty acids and a similar response for various fatty acids from a chain length of 10 to 20 carbon atoms. This allows the number of internal standards necessary for accurate quantification to be reduced. Moreover, the use of pentafluorobenzyl bromide allows the direct derivatization of free fatty acids making them accessible for GC–MS analysis without labor-intense sample pretreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul E Görs
- Applied Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Pia Wittenhofer
- Applied Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Juan F Ayala-Cabrera
- Applied Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Sven W Meckelmann
- Applied Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45141, Essen, Germany.
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Moran-Garrido M, Camunas-Alberca SM, Gil-de-la Fuente A, Mariscal A, Gradillas A, Barbas C, Sáiz J. Recent developments in data acquisition, treatment and analysis with ion mobility-mass spectrometry for lipidomics. Proteomics 2022; 22:e2100328. [PMID: 35653360 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202100328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Lipids are involved in many biological processes and their study is constantly increasing. To identify a lipid among thousand requires of reliable methods and techniques. Ion Mobility (IM) can be coupled with Mass Spectrometry (MS) to increase analytical selectivity in lipid analysis of lipids. IM-MS has experienced an enormous development in several aspects, including instrumentation, sensitivity, amount of information collected and lipid identification capabilities. This review summarizes the latest developments in IM-MS analyses for lipidomics and focusses on the current acquisition modes in IM-MS, the approaches for the pre-treatment of the acquired data and the subsequent data analysis. Methods and tools for the calculation of Collision Cross Section (CCS) values of analytes are also reviewed. CCS values are commonly studied to support the identification of lipids, providing a quasi-orthogonal property that increases the confidence level in the annotation of compounds and can be matched in CCS databases. The information contained in this review might be of help to new users of IM-MS to decide the adequate instrumentation and software to perform IM-MS experiments for lipid analyses, but also for other experienced researchers that can reconsider their routines and protocols. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Moran-Garrido
- Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra M Camunas-Alberca
- Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Gil-de-la Fuente
- Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Tecnologías de la Información, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Mariscal
- Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Tecnologías de la Información, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Gradillas
- Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Coral Barbas
- Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Sáiz
- Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
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Chen X, Yin Y, Luo M, Zhou Z, Cai Y, Zhu ZJ. Trapped ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry improves the coverage and accuracy of four-dimensional untargeted lipidomics. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1210:339886. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Schmitz OJ, Meckelmann S, Wittenhofer P, Tštsch K. Supercritical Fluid Chromatography Coupled with Drift Time Ion Mobility Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry as a Tool for Lipid Characterization of HepG2 Cells. LCGC EUROPE 2022. [DOI: 10.56530/lcgc.eu.xq5675w3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Lipidomic studies are often conducted using shotgun mass spectrometry (MS) or reversed-phase liquid chromatography coupled with MS (LC–MS). However, chromatographic separation offers several advantages such as an additional identification parameter (retention time), lower ion suppression, and separation of isobaric species. In contrast, quantification is more difficult because ion suppression is not the same over the whole analysis, and as a consequence more standards are needed to compensate for this. Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) offers orthogonal separation compared to reversed-phase LC. While the separation of lipids in reversed-phase LC is mainly based on the length of the carbon chain and the number of double bonds, lipids in SFC are mainly separated according to their lipid classes, which simplifies quantification with standards. In this study, SFC coupled with drift time ion mobility quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (DTIMS-QTOF-MS)was used to characterize the HepG2 lipidome.
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