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Jaag S, Valadbeigi Y, Causon T, Gross H, Lämmerhofer M. Three-Minute Enantioselective Amino Acid Analysis by Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Drift Tube Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry Using a Chiral Core-Shell Tandem Column Approach. Anal Chem 2024; 96:2666-2675. [PMID: 38297457 PMCID: PMC10867800 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Fast liquid chromatography (LC) amino acid enantiomer separation of 6-aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate (AQC) derivatives using a chiral core-shell particle tandem column with weak anion exchange and zwitterionic-type quinine carbamate selectors in less than 3 min was achieved. Enantiomers of all AQC-derivatized proteinogenic amino acids and some isomeric ones (24 in total plus achiral glycine) were baseline separated (Rs > 1.5 except for glutamic acid with Rs = 1.3), while peaks of distinct amino acids and structural isomers (constitutional isomers and diastereomers of leucine and threonine) of the same configuration overlapped to various degrees. For this reason, drift tube ion mobility-mass spectrometry was added (i.e., LC-IM-MS) as an additional selectivity filter without extending run time. The IM separation dimension in combination with high-resolution demultiplexing enabled confirmation of threonine isomers (threonine, allo-threonine, homoserine), while leucine, isoleucine, and allo-isoleucine have almost identical collisional cross-section (DTCCSN2) values and added no selectivity to the partial LC separation. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that IM separation of threonine isomers was possible due to conformational stabilization by hydrogen bond formation between the hydroxyl side chain and the urea group. Generally, the CCSN2 of protonated ions increased uniformly with addition of the AQC label, while outliers could be explained by consideration of intramolecular interactions and additional structural analysis. Preliminary validation of the enantioselective LC-IM-MS method for quantitative analysis showed compliance of accuracy and precision with common limits in bioanalytical methods, and applicability to a natural lipopeptide and a therapeutic synthetic peptide could be demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon
Jonas Jaag
- Pharmaceutical
(Bio-)Analysis, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Younes Valadbeigi
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Imam Khomeini
International University, Nowrouzian, 3414896818 Qazvin, Iran
| | - Tim Causon
- University
of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna Department of Chemistry, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald Gross
- Pharmaceutical
Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Michael Lämmerhofer
- Pharmaceutical
(Bio-)Analysis, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
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Zhou X, Wang Z, Li S, Rong X, Bu J, Liu Q, Ouyang Z. Differentiating enantiomers by directional rotation of ions in a mass spectrometer. Science 2024; 383:612-618. [PMID: 38330101 DOI: 10.1126/science.adj8342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Conventional mass spectrometry does not distinguish between enantiomers, or mirror-image isomers. Here we report a technique to break the chiral symmetry and to differentiate enantiomers by inducing directional rotation of chiral gas-phase ions. Dual alternating current excitations were applied to manipulate the motions of trapped ions, including the rotation around the center of mass and macro movement around the center of the trap. Differences in collision cross section were induced, which could be measured by ion cloud profiling at high resolutions above 10,000. High-field ion mobility and tandem mass spectrometry analyses of the enantiomers were combined and implemented by using a miniature ion trap mass spectrometer. The effectiveness of the developed method was demonstrated with a variety of organic compounds including amino acids, sugars, and several drug molecules, as well as a proof-of-principle ligand optimization study for asymmetric hydrogenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhuofan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shuai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xianle Rong
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiexun Bu
- PURSPEC Technology (Beijing) Ltd., Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zheng Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Zlibut E, May JC, Wei Y, Gessmann D, Wood CS, Bernat BA, Pugh TE, Palmer-Jones L, Cosquer RP, Dybeck E, McLean JA. Noncovalent Host-Guest Complexes of Artemisinin with α-, β-, and γ- Cyclodextrin Examined by Structural Mass Spectrometry Strategies. Anal Chem 2023; 95:8180-8188. [PMID: 37184072 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c05076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Cyclodextrins (CDs) are a family of macrocyclic oligosaccharides with amphiphilic properties, which can improve the stability, solubility, and bioavailability of therapeutic compounds. There has been growing interest in the advancement of efficient and reliable analytical methods that assist with elucidating CD host-guest drug complexation. In this study, we investigate the noncovalent ion complexes formed between naturally occurring dextrins (αCD, βCD, γCD, and maltohexaose) with the poorly water-soluble antimalarial drug, artemisinin, using a combination of ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS), tandem MS/MS, and theoretical modeling approaches. This study aims to determine if the drug can complex within the core dextrin cavity forming an inclusion complex or nonspecifically bind to the periphery of the dextrins. We explore the use of group I alkali earth metal additives to promote the formation of various noncovalent gas-phase ion complexes with different drug/dextrin stoichiometries (1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, and 2:1). Broad IM-MS collision cross section (CCS) mapping (n > 300) and power-law regression analysis were used to confirm the stoichiometric assignments. The 1:1 drug:αCD and drug:βCD complexes exhibited strong preferences for Li+ and Na+ charge carriers, whereas drug:γCD complexes preferred forming adducts with the larger alkali metals, K+, Rb+, and Cs+. Although the ion-measured CCS increased with cation size for the unbound artemisinin and CDs, the 1:1 drug:dextrin complexes exhibit near-identical CCS values regardless of the cation, suggesting these are inclusion complexes. Tandem MS/MS survival yield curves of the [artemisinin:βCD + X]+ ion (X = H, Li, Na, K) showed a decreased stability of the ion complex with increasing cation size. Empirical CCS measurements of the [artemisinin:βCD + Li]+ ion correlated with predicted CCS values from the low-energy theoretical structures of the drug incorporated within the βCD cavity, providing further evidence that gas-phase inclusion complexes are formed in these experiments. Taken together, this work demonstrates the utility of combining analytical information from IM-MS, MS/MS, and computational approaches in interpreting the presence of gas-phase inclusion phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Zlibut
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235-1822, United States
| | - Jody C May
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235-1822, United States
| | - Yansheng Wei
- Worldwide Research, Development & Medical, Pfizer, Inc., Lake Forest, Illinois 60045, United States
| | - Dennis Gessmann
- Worldwide Research, Development & Medical, Pfizer, Inc., Lake Forest, Illinois 60045, United States
| | - Constance S Wood
- Worldwide Research, Development & Medical, Pfizer, Inc., Lake Forest, Illinois 60045, United States
| | - Bryan A Bernat
- Worldwide Research, Development & Medical, Pfizer, Inc., Lake Forest, Illinois 60045, United States
| | - Teresa E Pugh
- Pfizer, R&D UK Ltd, PSSM ARD, Sandwich CT13 9NJ, U.K
| | | | | | - Eric Dybeck
- Worldwide Research, Development & Medical, Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - John A McLean
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235-1822, United States
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