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Wang Z, Xu S, Wang X, Liu D, Li W, Zhou R, Yue Q, Zhang P, Zhang J, Zhang H, Guo L, Pei D, Rong M. Secondary activation on plasma-activated water by plasma-treated cotton for restoring and enhancing disinfection effect. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 480:135833. [PMID: 39276732 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2024] [Revised: 09/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
Plasma-activated water (PAW) is a novel antimicrobial agent with negligible toxicity and environmental burden, holding promise as an alternative to chemical disinfectants and antibiotics. In practice, liquid disinfectants are often soaked with cotton materials before further use. Rich in reducing functional groups on the surface, cotton will inevitably react with PAW, leading to the deterioration of PAW's functions. To resolve this issue, this work proposes a new concept of "secondary activation" for retaining and enhancing PAW's bioactivity, i.e., pre-treating cotton with air plasma before soaking PAW. For the first time, we find that the PAW absorbed by raw cotton completely loses its bactericidal effect, while plasma-treated cotton (PTC) restores the disinfection capacity and prolongs its effective duration. This restoration is attributed to the absorption of plasma-generated reactive species by cotton with oxidizing and nitrifying modifications on the fiber surface. Consequently, the concentrations of aqueous species in PAW increase rather than decrease after absorption by PTC. In addition, the PTC after 28-day storage can still enable PAW to achieve a bacterial reduction of ∼3 logs. This work identifies and addresses a crucial limitation in the disinfection application of PAW and elucidates the mechanism underlying PTC production and secondary activation of PAW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zifeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China; Laboratory Center of Stomatology, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China; State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Shenghang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Dingxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China; Interdisciplinary Research Center of Frontier Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Wanchun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Rusen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Qiuyi Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jishen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Li Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Dandan Pei
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China; Laboratory Center of Stomatology, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Mingzhe Rong
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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Shi Q, Yu X, Sun S, Wu W, Shi W, Yu Q. Diverse thermal desorption combined with self-aspirating corona discharge ionization for direct mass spectrometry analysis of complex samples. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:2071-2076. [PMID: 38505988 DOI: 10.1039/d4ay00200h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
The thermal desorption (TD) technique is widely employed in modern mass spectrometry to facilitate the detection of non-volatile analytes. In this study, we developed a compact TD device based on a small resistance wire and coupled it with a self-aspirating corona discharge ionization (CDI) source to conduct direct MS analysis of various liquid and solid samples. Due to its small size and low heat capacity, the temperature of the TD module can be flexibly and rapidly modulated by controlling the power sequence. Multiple heating modes, including pulse heating (PH), isothermal heating, and step heating (SH), are realized and characterized, and then applied for the detection of different real samples. In particular, the PH mode is suitable for the simultaneous detection of multiple components in samples with relatively simple matrices, while the SH mode is capable of component separation. In addition, the sensitivity and quantitative capability of the TD-CDI system for DEP solutions were tested, showing acceptable stability with a relative standard deviation of about 6.7% and a detection limit of 0.088 ng. Overall, the developed TD-CDI system provides a simple, convenient, and versatile tool for direct mass spectrometry analysis of real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinhao Shi
- Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Xiaohua Yu
- Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Shuang Sun
- Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Weilong Wu
- Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Wenyan Shi
- Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Quan Yu
- Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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Henderson A, Heaney LM, Rankin-Turner S. Ambient ionisation mass spectrometry for drug and toxin analysis: A review of the recent literature. Drug Test Anal 2024. [PMID: 38326879 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Ambient ionisation mass spectrometry (AIMS) is a form of mass spectrometry whereby analyte ionisation occurs outside of a vacuum source under ambient conditions. This enables the direct analysis of samples in their native state, with little or no sample preparation and without chromatographic separation. The removal of these steps facilitates a much faster analytical process, enabling the direct analysis of samples within minutes if not seconds. Consequently, AIMS has gained rapid popularity across a diverse range of applications, in particular the analysis of drugs and toxins. Numerous fields rely upon mass spectrometry for the detection and identification of drugs, including clinical diagnostics, forensic chemistry, and food safety. However, all of these fields are hindered by the time-consuming and laboratory-confined nature of traditional techniques. As such, the potential for AIMS to resolve these challenges has resulted in a growing interest in ambient ionisation for drug and toxin analysis. Since the early 2000s, forensic science, diagnostic testing, anti-doping, pharmaceuticals, environmental analysis and food safety have all seen a marked increase in AIMS applications, foreshadowing a new future for drug testing. In this review, some of the most promising AIMS techniques for drug analysis will be discussed, alongside different applications of AIMS published over a 5-year period, to provide a summary of the recent research activity for ambient ionisation for drug and toxin analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisha Henderson
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Liam M Heaney
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Stephanie Rankin-Turner
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Hiraoka K, Shimada H, Kinoshita K, Rankin-Turner S, Ninomiya S. Analysis of human skin sebum and animal meats by heat pulse desorption/mass spectrometry using proximity corona discharge ionization. Anal Biochem 2023:115249. [PMID: 37454965 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2023.115249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Recently, we have developed heat pulse desorption/mass spectrometry (HPD/MS). In HPD/MS, a heated N2 gas pulse was directed to the sample surface and desorbed analytes were mass analyzed by corona discharge ionization/mass spectrometry using an Orbitrap mass spectrometer. In this work, HPD/MS was applied to the analysis of skin surface components sampled from the forehead, nose, and jaw of three volunteers. It was found that various kinds of biological compounds such as squalene, free fatty acids, wax esters, triacylglycerols, and amino acids were detected. The simultaneous detection of compounds with a wide range of proton affinities suggests that the occurrence of consecutive proton transfer reactions is less likely to occur in the present experimental system. This is mainly due to the short distance of 1.5 mm between the tip of the corona needle and the inlet of the mass spectrometer (i.e., proximity corona discharge ion source). Under this condition, the transition time of the primary reactant ions (e.g., H3O+) from the tip of the corona discharge needle to the ion sampling orifice is roughly estimated to be ∼20 μs. This value nearly corresponds to the reaction lifetime of exoergic proton transfer reactions with a rate constant: ∼10-9 cm3 s-1 for the analytes of 1 ppm. Accordingly, analytes with concentrations less than 1 ppm would be ionized semi-quantitatively by the present method, making this method highly suitable for the rapid analysis of samples composed of complex mixture of compounds, e.g., non-target lipidomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenzo Hiraoka
- Clean Energy Research Center, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi, 400-8511, Japan.
| | - Haruo Shimada
- BioChromato, Inc. 1-12-19 Honcho, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 251-0053, Japan
| | | | - Stephanie Rankin-Turner
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Satoshi Ninomiya
- Clean Energy Research Center, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi, 400-8511, Japan.
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Rankin‐Turner S, Sears P, Heaney LM. Applications of ambient ionization mass spectrometry in 2022: An annual review. ANALYTICAL SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 4:133-153. [PMID: 38716065 PMCID: PMC10989672 DOI: 10.1002/ansa.202300004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The development of ambient ionization mass spectrometry (AIMS) has transformed analytical science, providing the means of performing rapid analysis of samples in their native state, both in and out of the laboratory. The capacity to eliminate sample preparation and pre-MS separation techniques, leading to true real-time analysis, has led to AIMS naturally gaining a broad interest across the scientific community. Since the introduction of the first AIMS techniques in the mid-2000s, the field has exploded with dozens of novel ion sources, an array of intriguing applications, and an evident growing interest across diverse areas of study. As the field continues to surge forward each year, ambient ionization techniques are increasingly becoming commonplace in laboratories around the world. This annual review provides an overview of AIMS techniques and applications throughout 2022, with a specific focus on some of the major fields of research, including forensic science, disease diagnostics, pharmaceuticals and food sciences. New techniques and methods are introduced, demonstrating the unwavering drive of the analytical community to further advance this exciting field and push the boundaries of what analytical chemistry can achieve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Rankin‐Turner
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Patrick Sears
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringUniversity of SurreyGuildfordUK
| | - Liam M Heaney
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health SciencesLoughborough UniversityLoughboroughUK
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Chen X, Newsome GA, Buchanan M, Glasper J, Hua L, Latif M, Gandhi V, Li X, Larriba-Andaluz C. Flow-Optimized Model for Gas Jet Desorption Sampling Mass Spectrometry. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:1353-1359. [PMID: 36701191 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c07999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Thermal gas jet probes, including post-plasma desorption/ionization sources, have not been studied using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models, as have other ambient mass spectrometry sampling techniques. Two systems were constructed: a heated nitrogen jet probe to establish practical bounds for a sampling/transmission experiment and a CFD model to study trajectories of particles desorbed from a surface through optimization of streamlines and temperatures. The physical model configuration as tested using CFD revealed large losses, transmitting less than 10% of desorbed particles. Different distances between the desorption probe and the transport tube and from the sample surface were studied. The transmission improved when the system was very close to the sample, because the gas jet otherwise creates a region of low pressure that guides the streamlines below the inlet. A baffle positioned to increase pressure in the sample region improves collection efficiency. A Lagrangian particle tracking approach confirms the optimal design leading to a transmission of almost 100%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, IUPUI, 799 W. Michigan St., Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, 610 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - G Asher Newsome
- Smithsonian Museum Conservation Institute, 4210 Silver Hill Rd., Suitland, Maryland 20746, United States
| | - Michael Buchanan
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, IUPUI, 799 W. Michigan St., Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Jeremy Glasper
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, IUPUI, 799 W. Michigan St., Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Leyan Hua
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, IUPUI, 799 W. Michigan St., Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Mohsen Latif
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, IUPUI, 799 W. Michigan St., Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Viraj Gandhi
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, IUPUI, 799 W. Michigan St., Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, 610 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Xintong Li
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, IUPUI, 799 W. Michigan St., Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Carlos Larriba-Andaluz
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, IUPUI, 799 W. Michigan St., Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
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