1
|
Richardson K, Langridge D, Dixit SM, Ruotolo BT. An Improved Calibration Approach for Traveling Wave Ion Mobility Spectrometry: Robust, High-Precision Collision Cross Sections. Anal Chem 2021; 93:3542-3550. [PMID: 33555172 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The combination of ion-mobility (IM) separation with mass spectrometry (MS) has impacted global measurement efforts in areas ranging from food analysis to drug discovery. Reasons for the broad adoption of IM-MS include its significantly increased peak capacity, duty-cycle, and ability to reconstruct fragmentation data in parallel, all of which greatly enable the analyses of complex mixtures. More fundamentally, however, measurements of ion-gas molecule collision cross sections (CCSs) are used to support compound identification and quantitation efforts as well as study the structures of large biomolecules. As the first commercialized form of IM-MS, Traveling Wave Ion Mobility (TWIM) devices are operated at low pressures (∼3 mbar) and voltages, are relatively short (∼25 cm), and separate ions on a timescale of tens of milliseconds. These qualities make TWIM ideally suited for hybridization with MS. Owing to the complicated motion of ions in TWIM devices, however, IM transit times must be calibrated to enable CCS measurements. Applicability of these calibrations has hitherto been restricted to primarily singly charged small molecules and some classes of large, multiply charged ions under a significantly narrower range of instrument conditions. Here, we introduce and extensively characterize a dramatically improved TWIM calibration methodology. Using over 2500 experimental TWIM data sets, covering ions that span over 3.5 orders of magnitude of molecular mass, we demonstrate robust calibrations for a significantly expanded range of instrument conditions, thereby opening up new analytical application areas and enabling the expansion of high-precision CCS measurements for both existing and next-generation TWIM instrumentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Richardson
- Waters Corporation, Stamford Avenue, Altrincham Road, Wilmslow SK9 4AX, United Kingdom
| | - D Langridge
- Waters Corporation, Stamford Avenue, Altrincham Road, Wilmslow SK9 4AX, United Kingdom
| | - S M Dixit
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, University Ave., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - B T Ruotolo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, University Ave., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Conant CR, Attah IK, Garimella SVB, Nagy G, Bilbao A, Smith RD, Ibrahim YM. Evaluation of Waveform Profiles for Traveling Wave Ion Mobility Separations in Structures for Lossless Ion Manipulations. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2021; 32:225-236. [PMID: 33126794 PMCID: PMC8170696 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Structures for lossless ion manipulations (SLIM) have recently enabled a powerful implementation of traveling wave ion mobility spectrometry (TWIMS) for ultrahigh resolution separations; however, experimental parameters have not been optimized, and potential significant gains may be feasible. Most TWIMS separations have utilized square-shaped waveforms applied by time-dependent voltage stepping across repeating sets of electrodes, but alternative waveforms may provide further improvements to resolution. Here, we characterize five waveforms (including square and sine) in terms of their transmission efficiency, IMS resolution, and resolving power, and explore the effects of TW amplitude and speed on the performance of each. We found, consistent with previous work, separations were generally improved with higher TW amplitudes, moderately improved by lower speeds (limited by ion "surfing" with the waves), and found decreases in signal intensity at the extremes of operating conditions. The triangle and asymmetric "ramp forward" shaped profiles were found to provide modestly greater resolution and resolving power, an observation we tentatively attribute to their relatively uniform fields and minimal low-field regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Conant
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Isaac K Attah
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Sandilya V B Garimella
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Gabe Nagy
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Aivett Bilbao
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Richard D Smith
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Yehia M Ibrahim
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
The use of UHPLC, IMS, and HRMS in multiresidue analytical methods: A critical review. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1158:122369. [PMID: 33091675 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Residue chemists who analyse pesticides in vegetables or veterinary drugs in animal-based food are currently facing a situation where there is a requirement to detect more and more compounds at lower and lower concentrations. Conventional tandem quadrupole instruments provide sufficient sensitivity, but speed and selectivity appear as future limitations. This will become an even larger issue when there is a need to not only detect active compounds but also their degradation products and metabolites. This will likely lead to a situation in which the conventional targeted approach must be expanded or augmented by a certain non-targeted strategy. High-resolution mass spectrometry provides such capabilities, but it frequently requires an additional degree of selectivity for the unequivocal confirmation of analytes present at trace levels in highly complex and variable food matrices. The hyphenation of ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography with ion mobility and high-resolution mass spectrometry provides analytical chemists with a new tool for performing such a demanding multiresidue analysis. The objective of this paper is to investigate the benefits of the added ion mobility dimension as well as to critically discuss the current limitations of this commercially available technology.
Collapse
|
4
|
McCabe JW, Mallis CS, Kocurek KI, Poltash ML, Shirzadeh M, Hebert MJ, Fan L, Walker TE, Zheng X, Jiang T, Dong S, Lin CW, Laganowsky A, Russell DH. First-Principles Collision Cross Section Measurements of Large Proteins and Protein Complexes. Anal Chem 2020; 92:11155-11163. [PMID: 32662991 PMCID: PMC7967297 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Rotationally averaged collision cross section (CCS) values for a series of proteins and protein complexes ranging in size from 8.6 to 810 kDa are reported. The CCSs were obtained using a native electrospray ionization drift tube ion mobility-Orbitrap mass spectrometer specifically designed to enhance sensitivity while having high-resolution ion mobility and mass capabilities. Periodic focusing (PF)-drift tube (DT)-ion mobility (IM) provides first-principles determination of the CCS of large biomolecules that can then be used as CCS calibrants. The experimental, first-principles CCS values are compared to previously reported experimentally determined and computationally calculated CCS using projected superposition approximation (PSA), the Ion Mobility Projection Approximation Calculation Tool (IMPACT), and Collidoscope. Experimental CCS values are generally in agreement with previously reported CCSs, with values falling within ∼5.5%. In addition, an ion mobility resolution (CCS centroid divided by CCS fwhm) of ∼60 is obtained for pyruvate kinase (MW ∼ 233 kDa); however, ion mobility resolution for bovine serum albumin (MW ∼ 68 kDa) is less than ∼20, which arises from sample impurities and underscores the importance of sample quality. The high resolution afforded by the ion mobility-Orbitrap mass analyzer provides new opportunities to understand the intricate details of protein complexes such as the impact of post-translational modifications (PTMs), stoichiometry, and conformational changes induced by ligand binding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob W McCabe
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Christopher S Mallis
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Klaudia I Kocurek
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Michael L Poltash
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Mehdi Shirzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Michael J Hebert
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Liqi Fan
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Thomas E Walker
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Xueyun Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Ting Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Shiyu Dong
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Cheng-Wei Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Arthur Laganowsky
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - David H Russell
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| |
Collapse
|