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Honnenahalli Rajegowda S, Athahalli Honnagirigowda SR. In-vitro anti-inflammatory activity of serine protease inhibitor from Cassia siamea and Dolichos biflorus: A comparative study. Cell Biochem Funct 2023; 41:33-44. [PMID: 36250219 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cassia siamea is a nonedible legume belonging to Fabaceae. The seed of C. siamea contains ~16% of protein. The study reports the biochemical characterization of purified novel serine protease inhibitor from seeds of C. siamea, aimed with assessing the anti-inflammatory activity. The seed extract was subjected to ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC)-anion exchange chromatography and affinity-chromatography to obtain a relative pure protease inhibitor. Thirty-fivefold purification with the specific activity of 250 U/mg of trypsin inhibitory unit was obtained. The characterization of protease inhibitor for optimum temperature, pH, and metal ions were measured using N-α-benzoyl-DL-arginine-p-nitroanilide (BAPNA) assay and casein zymogram. The C. siamea trypsin inhibitor (CsTI) has a relative molecular mass of 25.540 kDa. Purified CsTI and Dolichos biflorus were tested for anti-inflammatory efficacy against A549 and RAW264.7 cell lines. The inhibitory activity of both purified inhibitors are comparable and are potent toward anti-inflammatory activity. The purified inhibitor shows to be a promising candidate as anti-inflammatory agent by targeting the serine proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Honnenahalli Rajegowda
- Department of Studies and Research in Biochemistry, Jnana Kaveri Post Graduate Centre, Mangalore University, Kodagu, Karnataka, India
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Setzer WN, Stokes SL, Penton AF, Takaku S, Haber WA, Hansell E, Caffrey CR, McKerrow JH. Cruzain Inhibitory Activity of Leaf Essential Oils of Neotropical Lauraceae and Essential Oil Components. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x0700201202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The leaf essential oils of twenty-three species of Lauraceae from Monteverde, Costa Rica, have been screened for inhibition of the cysteine protease cruzain. Of these, nine showed promising cruzain inhibitory activity (IC50 < 100 μg/mL), six showed marginal activity (IC50, 100–500 μg/mL), and eight were inactive (IC50 > 500 μg/mL). The cruzain inhibitory activities of the essential oils can be attributed to active sesquiterpenoid components as well as synergistic effects between two or more components. The sesquiterpenes α-copaene, β-caryophyllene, α-humulene, and germacrene D are active (IC50 ~5–30 μg/mL) alone, but also show increased activity in combination with other essential oil components.
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Affiliation(s)
- William N. Setzer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama 35899, USA
| | - Sean L. Stokes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama 35899, USA
| | - Ashley F. Penton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama 35899, USA
| | - Sayaka Takaku
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama 35899, USA
| | - William A. Haber
- Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Missouri 63166, USA Apdo. 50-5655, Monteverde, Puntarenas, Costa Rica, Central America
| | - Elizabeth Hansell
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Conor R. Caffrey
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - James H. McKerrow
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
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Mohan M, Kozhithodi S, Nayarisseri A, Elyas KK. Screening, Purification and Characterization of Protease Inhibitor from Capsicum frutescens. Bioinformation 2018; 14:285-293. [PMID: 30237674 PMCID: PMC6137568 DOI: 10.6026/97320630014285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants are rich in protease inhibitors (PI) and trypsin inhibitors are the most common. Therefore, it is of interest to screen PI from plant sources. We report the screening, purification and characterization of PI from Capsicum frutescenes. The partially purified PI showed bands corresponding to 21 KDa and was further confirmed using reverse zymography. The enzyme was stable at temperatures below 60°C and a wide range of pH with 65 folds purification. The effect of magnesium ions oxidizing and reducing agents on PI is reported. The large-scale isolation and purification of PI from Capsicum frutescenes is of commercial interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manju Mohan
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Calicut - 673635, Kerala, India
| | - Shireen Kozhithodi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Calicut - 673635, Kerala, India
| | - Anuraj Nayarisseri
- In silico Research Laboratory, Eminent Biosciences, Vijaynagar, Indore - 452010, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Cordero-de-los-Santos MY, Osuna-Castro JA, Borodanenko A, Paredes-López O. Physicochemical and Functional Characterisation of Amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus) Protein Isolates Obtained by Isoelectric Precipitation and Micellisation. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/1082013205056491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Amaranth protein isolates were obtained by two distinct methods, i.e. alkaline extraction-isoelectric precipitation (IP) and micellisation (MP). IP had a greater protein yield (56.4%) and protein content (93.1%) than MP (15.9 and 80.2%, respectively). The gel filtration chromatogram of IP isolates displayed a single peak of ca. 1,380 kDa, whereas MP isolates showed two peaks at 905kDa and 190kDa. A commercial soybean isolate (CSI), analysed for comparison purposes, presented two peaks with molecular weights of 340kDa and 62kDa. Differential scanning calorimetry showed that amaranth isolates were characterised by two endothermic events, predominating in both isolates the second endotherm with a denaturation temperature of 98.7 °C for IP and 97.2 °C for MP. The better definition of MP endotherms and their higher denaturation enthalpy suggested a more homogenous and less denatured protein population, in comparison to IP and CSI. The amaranth isolates had better solubility at alkaline pHs than the CSI. Foaming and emulsification were better at acidic pH for both IP and MP. Colorimetric evaluations showed that the two amaranth isolates had a higher whiteness index than the CSI. In conclusion, extreme pH treatments in IP resulted in a partial protein denaturation and milder treatments in MP resulted in less protein denaturation and improvement of some functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Y. Cordero-de-los-Santos
- Centro de InvestigaciÛn y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto PolitÈcnico Nacional, Unidad Irapuato. Apdo. Postal 629, Irapuato, Gto. 36500 MÈxico; Instituto de Ciencias AgrÌcolas, Universidad de Guanajuato. Ex-Hda. El Copal, Km. 8.5 Carretera Irapuato-Silao, Apdo. Postal 311, Irapuato, Gto. 36500 MÈxico
| | - J. A. Osuna-Castro
- Centro de InvestigaciÛn y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto PolitÈcnico Nacional, Unidad Irapuato. Apdo. Postal 629, Irapuato, Gto. 36500, MÈxico
| | - A. Borodanenko
- Instituto de Ciencias AgrÌcolas, Universidad de Guanajuato. Ex-Hda. El Copal, Km. 8.5 Carretera Irapuato-Silao, Apdo. Postal 311, Irapuato, Gto. 36500 MÈxico
| | - O. Paredes-López
- Centro de InvestigaciÛn y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto PolitÈcnico Nacional, Unidad Irapuato. Apdo. Postal 629, Irapuato, Gto. 36500, MÈxico
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Abd El-latif AO. Biopotency of serine protease inhibitors from cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) seeds on digestive proteases and the development of Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval). ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 89:1-17. [PMID: 25524889 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Serine protease inhibitors (PIs) have been described in many plant species and are universal throughout the plant kingdom, where trypsin inhibitors is the most common type. In the present study, trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitory activity was detected in the seed flour extracts of 13 selected cultivars/accessions of cowpea. Two cowpea cultivars, Cream7 and Buff, were found to have higher trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitory potential compared to other tested cultivars for which they have been selected for further purification studies using ammonium sulfate fractionation and DEAE-Sephadex A-25 column. Cream7-purified proteins showed two bands on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) corresponding to molecular mass of 17.10 and 14.90 kDa, while the purified protein from Buff cultivar showed a single band corresponding mass of 16.50 kDa. The purified inhibitors were stable at temperature below 60°C and were active at wide range of pH from 2 to 12. The kinetic analysis revealed noncompetitive type of inhibition for both inhibitors against both enzymes. The inhibitor constant (Ki ) values suggested high affinity between inhibitors and enzymes. Purified inhibitors were found to have deep and negative effects on the mean larval weight, larval mortality, pupation, and mean pupal weight of Spodoptera littoralis, where Buff PI was more effective than Cream7 PI. It may be concluded that cowpea PI gene(s) could be potential insect control protein for future studies in developing insect-resistant transgenic plants.
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El-latif AOA. In vivo and in vitro inhibition of Spodoptera littoralis gut-serine protease by protease inhibitors isolated from maize and sorghum seeds. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 116:40-48. [PMID: 25454519 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2014.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Seeds of cereals (Gramineae) are a rich source of serine proteinase inhibitors of most of the several inhibitor families. In the present study, trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitory activities was detected in the seed flour extracts of three varieties of maize (Zea maize) and six varieties of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). The maize variety, Hi Teck 2031 and the sorghum variety, Giza 10 were found to have higher trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitory potentials compared to other tested varieties for which they have been selected for further purification studies using ammonium sulfate fractionation and DEAE-Sephadex A-25 column. Maize and sorghum purified proteins showed a single band on SDS-PAGE corresponding to molecular mass of 20.0 and 15.2 kDa for maize and sorghum PIs respectively. The purified inhibitors were stable at temperature below 60 °C and were active at wide range of pH from 2 to 12 pH. The kinetic analysis revealed non-competitive type of inhibition for both inhibitors against both enzymes. The inhibitor constant (Ki) values suggested high affinity between inhibitors and enzymes. Purified inhibitors were found to have deep and negative effects on the mean larval weight, larval mortality, pupation and mean pupal weight of S.littoralis where maize PI was more effective than sorghum PI. It may be concluded that maize and sorghum protease inhibitor gene(s) could be potential targets for future studies in developing insect resistant transgenic plants.
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Jamal F, Singh D, Pandey PK. Negative effects of a nonhost proteinase inhibitor of ~19.8 kDa from Madhuca indica seeds on developmental physiology of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner). BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:202398. [PMID: 25298962 PMCID: PMC4179944 DOI: 10.1155/2014/202398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2014] [Revised: 07/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
An affinity purified trypsin inhibitor from the seed flour extracts of Madhuca indica (MiTI) on denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that MiTI consisted of a single polypeptide chain with molecular mass of ~19.8 kDa. MiTI inhibited the total proteolytic and trypsin-like activities of the midgut proteinases of Helicoverpa armigera larvae by 87.51% and 76.12%, respectively, at concentration of 5 µg/mL with an IC50 of 1.75 µg/mL against trypsin like midgut proteinases. The enzyme kinetic studies demonstrated that MiTI is a competitive inhibitor with a K i value of 4.1 × 10(-10) M for Helicoverpa trypsin like midgut proteinases. In vivo experiments with different concentrations of MiTI in artificial diet (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5% w/w) showed an effective downfall in the larval body weight and an increase in larval mortality. The concentration of MiTI in the artificial diet to cause 50% mortality (LD50) of larvae was 1.5% w/w and that to cause reduction in mass of larvae by 50% (ED50) was 1.0% w/w. Nutritional indices observations suggest the toxic and adverse effects of MiTI on the growth and development of H. armigera larvae. The results suggest a strong bioinsecticidal potential of affinity purified MiTI which can be exploited in insect pest management of crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farrukh Jamal
- Department of Biochemistry, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Avadh University, Faizabad 224001, India
| | - Dushyant Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Avadh University, Faizabad 224001, India
| | - Prabhash K. Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Avadh University, Faizabad 224001, India
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Kansal R, Kumar M, Kuhar K, Gupta RN, Subrahmanyam B, Koundal KR, Gupta VK. Purification and characterization of trypsin inhibitor from Cicer arietinum L. and its efficacy against Helicoverpa armigera. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1590/s1677-04202008000400007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Kansal
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, India
| | | | - Ram N. Gupta
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, India
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Betancur-Ancona D, Gallegos-Tintoré S, Delgado-Herrera A, Pérez-Flores V, Castellanos Ruelas A, Chel-Guerrero L. Some physicochemical and antinutritional properties of raw flours and protein isolates from Mucuna pruriens (velvet bean) and Canavalia ensiformis (jack bean). Int J Food Sci Technol 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2007.01521.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ho VSM, Ng TB. A Bowman-Birk trypsin inhibitor with antiproliferative activity from Hokkaido large black soybeans. J Pept Sci 2008; 14:278-82. [PMID: 17880027 DOI: 10.1002/psc.922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2007] [Accepted: 07/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A trypsin inhibitor, with an N-terminal sequence highly homologous to those of 8-kDa Bowman-Birk trypsin inhibitors, was isolated from the seeds of Hokkaido large black soybeans. The trypsin inhibitor was unadsorbed on SP-Sepharose but adsorbed on DEAE-cellulose and Mono Q. It inhibited proliferation in breast cancer (MCF-7) cells and hepatoma (Hep G2) cells with an IC50 of 35 and 140 microM, respectively. The trypsin inhibitory activity of the inhibitor was completely preserved after exposure to temperatures up to 100 degrees C for 30 min and to the pH range 2-13 for the same duration. The trypsin inhibitor inhibited HIV-1 reverse transcriptase with an IC50 of 38 microM, but was devoid of antifungal activity toward Fusarium oxysporum and Mycosphaerella arachidicola.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent S M Ho
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
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Bajaj S, Mohanty A. Recent advances in rice biotechnology--towards genetically superior transgenic rice. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2005; 3:275-307. [PMID: 17129312 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-7652.2005.00130.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Rice biotechnology has made rapid advances since the first transgenic rice plants were produced 15 years ago. Over the past decade, this progress has resulted in the development of high frequency, routine and reproducible genetic transformation protocols for rice. This technology has been applied to produce rice plants that withstand several abiotic stresses, as well as to gain tolerance against various pests and diseases. In addition, quality improving and increased nutritional value traits have also been introduced into rice. Most of these gains were not possible through conventional breeding technologies. Transgenic rice system has been used to understand the process of transformation itself, the integration pattern of transgene as well as to modulate gene expression. Field trials of transgenic rice, especially insect-resistant rice, have recently been performed and several other studies that are prerequisite for safe release of transgenic crops have been initiated. New molecular improvisations such as inducible expression of transgene and selectable marker-free technology will help in producing superior transgenic product. It is also a step towards alleviating public concerns relating to issues of transgenic technology and to gain regulatory approval. Knowledge gained from rice can also be applied to improve other cereals. The completion of the rice genome sequencing together with a rich collection of full-length cDNA resources has opened up a plethora of opportunities, paving the way to integrate data from the large-scale projects to solve specific biological problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shavindra Bajaj
- Gene Technology, The Horticulture and Food Research Institute of New Zealand Limited (HortResearch) 120 Mt. Albert Road, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Atkinson HJ, Johnston KA, Robbins M. Prima facie evidence that a phytocystatin for transgenic plant resistance to nematodes is not a toxic risk in the human diet. J Nutr 2004; 134:431-4. [PMID: 14747684 DOI: 10.1093/jn/134.2.431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A protein-engineered rice cystatin (OcIDeltaD86) provides transgenic, partial crop resistance to plant nematodes. This study determined whether its oral uptake has adverse effects on male Sprague-Dawley rats when they are administered by oral gavage 0.1-10 mg OcIDeltaD86/kg body weight daily for 28 d. Body weight and water and food intakes were unaltered for most of the study. The only significant changes in fresh weight of nine organs were for the liver (4% decrease; P < 0.05) and the empty cecum (14% increase; P < 0.05) at the two lowest doses and the highest dose of OcIDeltaD86, respectively. No abnormalities in either organ were detected by histochemistry. There were no changes in the urine or in hematological variables measured, and blood serum revealed no dose-dependent responses for any of 17 variables measured. OcIDeltaD86 was degraded by boiling with a 50% loss of its inhibition of papain after 9.2 +/- 8.0 min. It also showed >95% loss of such inhibition after 15 s in simulated gastric fluid. The results suggest that the no effect level (NOEL) for OcIDeltaD86 is >10 mg/(kg. d). This provides a range of dietary exposure >200-2000 fold depending upon the promoter used to control its expression in potato.
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