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Premarathna AD, Tuvikene R, Fernando PHP, Adhikari R, Perera MCN, Ranahewa TH, Howlader MM, Wangchuk P, Jayasooriya AP, Rajapakse RPVJ. Comparative analysis of proximate compositions, mineral and functional chemical groups of 15 different seaweed species. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19610. [PMID: 36380074 PMCID: PMC9666456 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23609-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Seaweed is a popular edible source and is associated with many foods and pharmaceutical industries around the world. The current research aims to provide information on the chemical composition of 15 seaweed species, consisted of Chlorophyta, Ochrophyta/Phaeophyceae, and Rhodophyta macroalgae, collected from coastal areas of Sri Lanka. Seaweed samples were subjected to the analysis of lipids, proteins, ash and macro, micro, trace and ultra-trace elements. The highest protein content was recorded in the brown algae. Maximum dietary fiber and ash contents were recorded from green algae. The highest predominant fatty acids were observed from green seaweeds (Caulerpa racemosa); however, linoleic acid (C18:2n6) is the dominant fatty acid of all macroalgae. Mineral contents were highest in the red macroalga; however, copper, zinc and magnesium were also comparatively higher in green alga Ulva lactuca. In conclusion, 15 seaweed species belonging to the three different classes of seaweeds are investigated in details to obtain their biochemical, mineral and fatty acid compositions for the synthesis of novel therapeutic agents. In order to explore biorefinery processes for these seaweeds, as well as how they can potentially be cultivated, more extensive studies are required. Studying and determining the nutritional values of seaweeds will be beneficial with the potentials for future industrial uses and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal D Premarathna
- School of Natural Sciences and Health, Tallinn University, Narva mnt 29, 10120, Tallinn, Estonia.
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.
| | - Rando Tuvikene
- School of Natural Sciences and Health, Tallinn University, Narva mnt 29, 10120, Tallinn, Estonia.
| | - P H P Fernando
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Ranjith Adhikari
- National Serpentarium, South Asian Clinical Toxicology Research Collaboration, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - M C N Perera
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - T H Ranahewa
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Md Musa Howlader
- School of Natural Sciences and Health, Tallinn University, Narva mnt 29, 10120, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Phurpa Wangchuk
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Smithfield, QLD, 4878, Australia
| | - Anura P Jayasooriya
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - R P V J Rajapakse
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.
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Wu Y, Zhang H, Wang K, Chen W, Liu Z, Chen L, Wang X, Fu F, Yang G. Metabolic and residual characteristic of different arsenic species contained in laver during mouse digestion. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 793:148434. [PMID: 34171799 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Laver is one of the major arsenic contributors to human diets. The study on metabolic and residual characteristic of each arsenic species contained in laver is important to scientifically assess the intake risk of arsenic in the laver. The metabolic and residual characteristic of main arsenic species in laver, namely arsenate [As(V)], dimethylarsinic acid [DMA(V)] and two arsenosugars, was investigated by mouse experiments in this study. The results showed that the intake of higher-dose laver did not lead to a notable increase of As(V) concentration in mouse muscle/organs and feces. In contrast, DMA(V) excretion in feces and DMA(V) residue in muscle/organs showed a close correlation with laver-dose intake. Most DMAsSugarMethoxy was translated into other arsenic species and then was together excreted out via mouse feces; two dominant arsenic species, arsenosugar DMAsSugarMethoxy and DMAsSugarPhosphate, were not detected in mouse muscle/organs after 20-Day or 30-Day feeding whether in lower-dose laver groups containing 1/36 (mass ratio) of the laver in mouse feed or higher-dose laver groups containing 1/6 (mass ratio) of the laver in mouse feed. About 65-77% of total arsenic digested by mouse was excreted out via feces; only 0.12-0.78% of it was accumulated in mouse organs/muscle. The results of this study provided valuable knowledge for comprehending the stability and metabolic characteristics of different arsenic species from Fujian laver in vivo, also for more scientifically assessing the intake risk of arsenic in laver.
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Affiliation(s)
- YongChen Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, Key Laboratory for Medicinal Plant Chemistry and Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Huang Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, Key Laboratory for Medicinal Plant Chemistry and Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - KaiTeng Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, Key Laboratory for Medicinal Plant Chemistry and Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, Key Laboratory for Medicinal Plant Chemistry and Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - ZhiFeng Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, Key Laboratory for Medicinal Plant Chemistry and Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Lian Chen
- Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology of MOE, Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - XuSheng Wang
- Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology of MOE, Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - FengFu Fu
- Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology of MOE, Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - GuiDi Yang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, Key Laboratory for Medicinal Plant Chemistry and Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
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Gotteland M, Riveros K, Gasaly N, Carcamo C, Magne F, Liabeuf G, Beattie A, Rosenfeld S. The Pros and Cons of Using Algal Polysaccharides as Prebiotics. Front Nutr 2020; 7:163. [PMID: 33072794 PMCID: PMC7536576 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroalgae stand out for their high content of dietary fiber (30–75%) that include soluble, sulfated (fucoidan, agaran, carrageenan, and ulvan) and non-sulfated (laminaran and alginate) polysaccharides. Many studies indicate that these compounds exert varied biological activities and health-promoting effects and for this reason, there is a growing interest for using them in food products. The aim of this review was to critically evaluate prebiotic properties of algal polysaccharides, i.e., their ability to exert biological activities by modulating the composition and/or diversity of gut microbiota (GM). Pre-clinical studies show that the non-sulfated alginate and laminaran are well-fermented by GM, promoting the formation of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) including butyrate, and preventing that of harmful putrefactive compounds (NH3, phenol, p-cresol, indole and H2S). Alginate increases Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, and Lactobacillus species while laminaran mostly stimulates Bacteroides sp. Results with sulfated polysaccharides are more questionable. Agarans are poorly fermentable but agarose-oligosaccharides exhibit an interesting prebiotic potential, increasing butyrate-producing bacteria and SCFAs. Though carrageenan-oligosaccharides are also fermented, their use is currently limited due to safety concerns. Regarding fucoidan, only one study reports SCFAs production, suggesting that it is poorly fermented. Its effect on GM does not indicate a clear pattern, making difficult to conclude whether it is beneficial or not. Notably, fucoidan impact on H2S production has not been evaluated, though some studies report it increases sulfate-reducing bacteria. Ulvan is badly fermented by GM and some studies show that part of its sulfate is dissimilated to H2S, which could affect colonic mitochondrial function. Accordingly, these results support the use of laminaran, alginate and agaro-oligosaccharides as prebiotics while more studies are necessary regarding that of fucoidan, carrageenan and ulvan. However, the realization of clinical trials is necessary to confirm such prebiotic properties in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Gotteland
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus in the Biology of Intestinal Microbiota, Santiago, Chile
| | - Karla Riveros
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Naschla Gasaly
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Constanza Carcamo
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fabien Magne
- Microbiology and Mycology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gianella Liabeuf
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandra Beattie
- Laboratorio de Ecosistemas Marinos Antárticos y Subantárticos, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile.,Centro de Investigación para la Conservación de Ecosistemas Australes, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Sebastián Rosenfeld
- Laboratorio de Ecosistemas Marinos Antárticos y Subantárticos, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile.,Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Santiago, Chile
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Chemical structure and molecular weight influence the in vitro fermentability of polysaccharide extracts from the edible seaweeds Himathalia elongata and Gigartina pistillata. Food Hydrocoll 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2018.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Khosravi M, Gharibi D, Kaviani F, Mohammadidust M. The Antibacterial and Immunomodulatory Effects of Carbohydrate Fractions of the Seaweed Gracilaria persica. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2018. [DOI: 10.29252/jommid.6.2.3.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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Huebbe P, Nikolai S, Schloesser A, Herebian D, Campbell G, Glüer CC, Zeyner A, Demetrowitsch T, Schwarz K, Metges CC, Roeder T, Schultheiss G, Ipharraguerre IR, Rimbach G. An extract from the Atlantic brown algae Saccorhiza polyschides counteracts diet-induced obesity in mice via a gut related multi-factorial mechanisms. Oncotarget 2017; 8:73501-73515. [PMID: 29088722 PMCID: PMC5650277 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study we addressed the questions whether an Atlantic brown algae extract (BAE) affects diet induced obesity in mice and which would be the primary targets and underlying key mechanisms. Male C57 BL/6 mice were fed a hypercaloric diet, referred to as high fat diet (HFD), supplemented with a freeze-dried aqueous BAE from Saccorhiza polyschides (5 %) for 8 months. Compared to the control group, dietary BAE supplementation significantly attenuated increase in body weight and fat mass. We observed apparent metabolic improvement including normalization of blood glucose, reduced plasma leptin, reduced fecal bile salt hydrolase activity with lower microbial production of toxic bile acid metabolites in the gut and increased systemic bile acid circulation in BAE-fed mice counteracting adverse effects of long term HFD feeding. Survival of mice receiving dietary BAE supplementation appeared slightly enhanced; however, median and maximal life spans as well as hepatic mTOR activation were not significantly different between BAE and control mice. We suggest that the beneficial metabolic effects of our BAE are at least partly mediated by alterations in gut microbiota associated with fermentation of indigestible polysaccharides that are major components of brown algae such as alginates and fucoidans. We moreover propose a multi-factorial mechanism that involves profound alterations in bile acid homeostasis, changes in intestinal and systemic glucose metabolism likely including increased intestinal gluconeogenesis, increased activity of the intestinally derived hormone GLP-1 contributing to promote systemic insulin sensitivity, and inhibition of α-amylase activity, which expectably limits dietary carbohydrate digestion and glucose release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Huebbe
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- * These authors share the first authorship
| | - Sibylle Nikolai
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- * These authors share the first authorship
| | - Anke Schloesser
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Diran Herebian
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children’s Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Graeme Campbell
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Claus-Christian Glüer
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Annette Zeyner
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Group Animal Nutrition, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Tobias Demetrowitsch
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Karin Schwarz
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Cornelia C. Metges
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology ‘Oskar Kellner’, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Roeder
- Institute of Zoology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | | | - Gerald Rimbach
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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Cian RE, Drago SR, de Medina FS, Martínez-Augustin O. Proteins and Carbohydrates from Red Seaweeds: Evidence for Beneficial Effects on Gut Function and Microbiota. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:5358-83. [PMID: 26308006 PMCID: PMC4557026 DOI: 10.3390/md13085358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on their composition, marine algae, and namely red seaweeds, are good potential functional foods. Intestinal mucosal barrier function refers to the capacity of the intestine to provide adequate containment of luminal microorganisms and molecules. Here, we will first outline the component of seaweeds and will summarize the effects of these on the regulation of mucosal barrier function. Special attention will be paid to unique components of red seaweeds: proteins and derived peptides (e.g., phycobiliproteins, glycoproteins that contain “cellulose binding domains”, phycolectins and the related mycosporine-like amino acids) together with polysaccharides (e.g., floridean starch and sulfated galactans, such as carrageenans, agarans and “dl-hybrid”) and minerals. These compounds have been shown to exert prebiotic effects, to regulate intestinal epithelial cell, macrophage and lymphocyte proliferation and differentiation and to modulate the immune response. Molecular mechanisms of action of peptides and polysaccharides are starting to be elucidated, and evidence indicating the involvement of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGFR), Toll-like receptors (TLR) and signal transduction pathways mediated by protein kinase B (PKB or AKT), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK) will also be summarized. The need for further research is clear, but in vivo experiments point to an overall antiinflammatory effect of these algae, indicating that they can reinforce membrane barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl E Cian
- Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos, Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 1° de Mayo 3250, (3000) Santa Fe, República Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia 1917 (C1033AAJ), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, República Argentina.
| | - Silvina R Drago
- Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos, Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 1° de Mayo 3250, (3000) Santa Fe, República Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia 1917 (C1033AAJ), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, República Argentina.
| | - Fermín Sánchez de Medina
- Department of Pharmacology, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Universidad de Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain.
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos José Mataix, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Olga Martínez-Augustin
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos José Mataix, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Universidad de Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria. ibs. GRANADA, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
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Bu SY, Kwon H, Sung MK. Supplementation of Seaweeds Extracts Suppresses Azoxymethane-induced Aberrant DNA Methylation in Colon and Liver of ICR Mice. J Cancer Prev 2014; 19:216-23. [PMID: 25337591 PMCID: PMC4189504 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2014.19.3.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Seamustard and seatangle are commonly consumed seaweeds in Korea and rich sources of non-digestible polysaccharides which possess biological activities. However anti-mutagenic and anti-cancer activities of these seaweeds under physiological condition have not been clarified yet. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of seaweeds consumption on azoxymethane (AOM) -induced DNA methylation at N7 and O6 position of guanine base, an indicator of DNA damage related to cancer initiation. Methods: Thirty ICR mice were divided into five groups and fed one of the following diets for two weeks: control diet, diet containing 10% water-soluble or water-insoluble fraction of seamustard or seatangle. After two weeks of experimental diet AOM was injected at 6 hours before sacrifice and N7-methylguanine (N7-meG) and O6-methylguanine (O6-meG) from the colon and liver DNA were quantified using a gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. Results: Water-soluble fractions of both seamustard and seatangle significantly reduced AOM-induced production of N7-meG guanine in colon and liver. Also water-soluble fractions of these seaweeds suppressed the level of methylation at O6-guanine of colon and liver directly responsible for tumorigenesis. While water-insoluble fraction of seamustard suppressed the production of N7-meG in liver this seaweed fraction decreased O6-meG and the ratio of O6/N7-meG in liver. Water insoluble fraction of seatangle decreased both O6- and N7-meG in colon and liver. Supplementation of all seaweeds extracts increased fecal weight of animals and the increase of fecal weight by water-insoluble fraction of seaweeds were higher than that by water-soluble fraction. Conclusion: Seamustard and seatangle intake may effectively prevent colon and liver carcinogenesis by decreasing DNA damage and the mechanism of inhibiting carcinogenesis by seaweeds in a long term study are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Young Bu
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Korea
| | - Hoonjeong Kwon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi-Kyung Sung
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
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Murphy P, Dal Bello F, O'Doherty J, Arendt EK, Sweeney T, Coffey A. Analysis of bacterial community shifts in the gastrointestinal tract of pigs fed diets supplemented with β-glucan from Laminaria digitata, Laminaria hyperborea and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Animal 2013; 7:1079-87. [PMID: 23446108 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731113000165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the effects of algal and yeast β-glucans on the porcine gastrointestinal microbiota, specifically the community of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and coliforms. A total of 48 pigs were fed four diets over a 28-day period to determine the effect that each had on these communities. The control diet consisted of wheat and soya bean meal. The remaining three diets contained wheat and soya bean meal supplemented with β-glucan at 250 g/tonne from Laminaria digitata, Laminaria hyperborea or Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Faecal samples were collected from animals before feeding each diet and after the feeding period. The animals were slaughtered the following day and samples were collected from the stomach, ileum, caecum, proximal colon and distal colon. Alterations in Lactobacillus in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) were analysed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) profiles generated by group-specific 16S rRNA gene PCR amplicons. Plate count analysis was also performed to quantify total coliforms. DGGE profiles indicated that all β-glucan diets provoked the emergence of a richer community of Lactobacillus. The richest community of lactobacilli emerged after feeding L. digitata (LD β-glucan). Plate count analysis revealed that the L. hyperborea (LH β-glucan) diet had a statistically significant effect on the coliform counts in the proximal colon in comparison with the control diet. β-glucan from L. digitata and S. cerevisiae also generally reduced coliforms but to a lesser extent. Nevertheless, the β-glucan diets did not significantly reduce levels of Lactobacillus or Bifidobacterium. DGGE analysis of GIT samples indicated that the three β-glucan diets generally promoted the establishment of a more varied range of Lactobacillus species in the caecum, proximal and distal colon. The LH β-glucan had the most profound reducing effect on coliform counts when compared with the control diet and diets supplemented with L. digitata and S. cerevisiae β-glucans.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Murphy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland
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The effects of seaweed extract inclusion on gut morphology, selected intestinal microbiota, nutrient digestibility, volatile fatty acid concentrations and the immune status of the weaned pig. Animal 2012; 2:1465-73. [PMID: 22443904 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731108002711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
An experiment (complete randomised design) was conducted to investigate the effects of Laminaria hyperborea and Laminaria digitata seaweed extract inclusion on gut morphology, selected intestinal microbiota populations, volatile fatty acid concentrations and the immune status of the weaned pig. Twenty-eight piglets (24 days of age, 6.5 ± 1.4 kg live weight) were assigned to one of four dietary treatments for 7 days and then sacrificed: (T1) basal diet (control); (T2) basal diet and 1.5 g/kg L. hyperborea seaweed extract; (T3) basal diet and 1.5 g/kg L. digitata seaweed extract; and (T4) basal diet and 1.5 g/kg of a combination of L. hyperborea and L. digitata seaweed extract. The seaweed extract contained both laminarin and fucoidan. Digesta samples were taken from the caecum and colon to measure the enterobacteria, bifidobacteria and lactobacilli populations and for volatile fatty acid analysis. Tissue samples were taken from the duodenum, jejunum and ileum for morphological examination. Blood samples were taken to determine the cytokine gene expression profile and to measure the phagocytotic capacity of the blood. Pigs offered diets containing L. hyperborea seaweed extract had less bifidobacteria in the colon (P < 0.05) and lactobacilli in the caecum (P < 0.05) and colon (P < 0.001). The inclusion of L. digitata seaweed extract resulted in lower populations of enterobacteria in the caecum and colon (P < 0.01), bifidobacteria in the caecum (P < 0.05), and lactobacilli in the caecum (P < 0.05) and colon (P < 0.001). Pigs offered the combination of L. hyperborea and L. digitata seaweed extracts had less enterobacteria (P < 0.05) and lactobacilli (P < 0.01) in the caecum and colon. Pigs offered the L. digitata-supplemented diet had a reduced villous height in the duodenum and jejunum (P < 0.05). The inclusion of the L. digitata seaweed extract increased the molar proportion of butyric acid in the colon (P < 0.05). There was a significant reduction in the ammonia concentration in the colon with the inclusion of L. hyperborea (P < 0.01) and L. digitata (P < 0.05) seaweed extracts. An increase in the expression of the Interleukin-8 mRNA was observed on day 6 with the supplementation of the combination of L. hyperborea and L. digitata seaweed extract (P < 0.05). The inclusion of L. hyperborea seaweed extract resulted in an increase in total monocyte number (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the supplementation of L. hyperborea and L. digitata seaweed extract alone and in combination reduced the enterobacteria, bifidobacteria and lactobacilli populations in the caecum and colon, while only marginal effects on the immune response was observed.
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Barry KA, Wojcicki BJ, Bauer LL, Middelbos IS, Vester Boler BM, Swanson KS, Fahey GC. Adaptation of healthy adult cats to select dietary fibers in vivo affects gas and short-chain fatty acid production from fiber fermentation in vitro. J Anim Sci 2011; 89:3163-9. [PMID: 21531846 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2010-3445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nine young adult (1.73 ± 0.03 yr) male cats were used to determine the effects of microbial adaptation to select dietary fiber sources on changes in pH in vitro and on total and hydrogen gas, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA), and branched-chain fatty acid (BCFA) production. Cats were adapted to diets containing 4% cellulose, fructooligosaccharides (FOS), or pectin for 30 d before fecal sampling. Each cat was used as a single donor, and fecal inoculum was reacted with each of the aforementioned fiber substrates. Adaptation to dietary FOS resulted in a greater change in pH when exposed to FOS than pectin (adaptation × substrate, P < 0.001). When exposed to the FOS substrate, adaptation to dietary FOS or pectin increased hydrogen gas production (adaptation × substrate, P = 0.021). Adaptation to dietary FOS increased acetate and total SCFA production when exposed to FOS substrate in vitro (adaptation × substrate, P = 0.001). When exposed to the FOS substrate, propionate production tended to increase with adaptation to dietary cellulose (adaptation × substrate, P = 0.060). The BCFA + valerate tended to decrease with adaptation to dietary FOS when exposed to FOS substrate in vitro (adaptation × substrate, P = 0.092). Fructooligosaccharides resulted in the greatest change in pH and production of total gas (P < 0.001), hydrogen gas (P < 0.001), acetate (P < 0.001), propionate (P < 0.001), butyrate (P < 0.001), total SCFA (P < 0.001), and total BCFA + valerate production (P < 0.001). Adaptation to the FOS or pectin diet increased production of hydrogen gas with FOS and pectin substrates. Adaptation to pectin increased (P = 0.033) total gas production with FOS and pectin substrates. Overall, adaptation to either FOS or pectin led to greater SCFA and gas production, but adaptation to FOS resulted in the greatest effect overall.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Barry
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Dietary fibre and physicochemical properties of several edible seaweeds from the northwestern Spanish coast. Food Res Int 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2010.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Bocanegra A, Bastida S, Benedí J, Ródenas S, Sánchez-Muniz FJ. Characteristics and nutritional and cardiovascular-health properties of seaweeds. J Med Food 2009; 12:236-58. [PMID: 19459725 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2008.0151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
While marine algae have traditionally formed part of the Oriental diet, their major use in Western countries has been in the phytocolloid industry. Only a few coastal communities outside Asia have customarily used seaweeds as components of special dishes. Of late, however, seaweeds have gained importance as foodstuffs in Western countries and most recently as components of functional foods because of their high dietary fiber, mineral, vitamin, and phytochemical content, low energy levels, and high concentrations of certain polyunsaturated fatty acids. The present paper reviews the available data for some of the components of the major edible algae and studies several factors that can affect their physiochemical properties (e.g., hydration, water and oil-holding capacity, fermentability, binding capacity, etc.) and, in turn, their nutritional importance. The effects of marine alga consumption on growth and body weight, mineral availability, lipid metabolism, blood pressure, and antioxidant properties are reviewed, together with preliminary data on the effects of some functional foods containing seaweeds on lipid metabolism and gene expression of enzymes engaged in antioxidant protection. This review concludes with some remarks regarding the danger of the improper use of seaweeds in herbal medications. In addition, as the properties of algae are highly dependent on their individual composition, any generalization regarding these properties may be considered misleading and scientifically inappropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aránzazu Bocanegra
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología I (Nutrición), Instituto del Frío, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Oliveira MND, Freitas ALP, Carvalho AFU, Sampaio TMT, Farias DF, Alves Teixeira DI, Gouveia ST, Pereira JG, Sena MMDCCD. Nutritive and non-nutritive attributes of washed-up seaweeds from the coast of Ceará, Brazil. Food Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Dawczynski C, Schubert R, Jahreis G. Amino acids, fatty acids, and dietary fibre in edible seaweed products. Food Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Fukuda S, Saito H, Nakaji S, Yamada M, Ebine N, Tsushima E, Oka E, Kumeta K, Tsukamoto T, Tokunaga S. Pattern of dietary fiber intake among the Japanese general population. Eur J Clin Nutr 2006; 61:99-103. [PMID: 16885928 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the dietary fiber (DF) intake pattern among the Japanese general population. DESIGN We performed a dietary survey among the general population in northern Japan to evaluate the intake patterns. DF intake was calculated by substituting the DF content of each food in the Dietary Fiber Table for the intake of each food from this dietary survey. SUBJECTS Five hundred and seventy-seven subjects participated in the study, 198 men and 379 women. RESULTS In subjects with higher DF intakes the origins of the DF that were from all food groups, but with the notable exception of rice. The contribution of the seaweed group was of particular interest. From multiple regression analysis, as for food group, seaweeds showed the highest positive correlation with DF intake in both genders, followed by vegetables, pulses, fruits. On the other hand, rice showed the negative correlation with DF intake in both genders. As for life factor, body mass index showed the negative correlation with DF intake in women. CONCLUSION Seaweed, a typical Japanese food, was most related to the increase in DF intake for the Japanese general population, whereas rice, the Japanese staple, had a small influence on decreased DF intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fukuda
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Aomori, Japan
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Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L) modifies bacterial enzymatic activities and antioxidant status in rat cecum. Nutr Res 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2005.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Takamine K, Hotta H, Degawa Y, Morimura S, Kida K. Effects of Dietary Fiber Prepared from Sweet Potato Pulp on Cecal Fermentation Products and Microflora in Rats. J Appl Glycosci (1999) 2005. [DOI: 10.5458/jag.52.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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