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Raghav D, Jyoti A, Siddiqui AJ, Saxena J. Plant associated endophytic fungi as potential bio-factories for extracellular enzymes: Progress, Challenges and Strain improvement with precision approaches. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:287-310. [PMID: 35396804 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
There is an intricate network of relations between endophytic fungi and their hosts that affects the production of various bioactive compounds. Plant-associated endophytic contain industrially important enzymes and have the potential to fulfill their rapid demand in the international market to boost business in technology. Being safe and metabolically active, they have replaced the usage of toxic and harmful chemicals and hold a credible application in biotransformation, bioremediation, and industrial processes. Despite these, there are limited reports on fungal endophytes that can directly cater to the demand and supply of industrially stable enzymes. The underlying reasons include low endogenous production and secretion of enzymes from fungal endophytes which have raised concern for widely accepted applications. Hence it is imperative to augment the biosynthetic and secretory potential of fungal endophytes. Modern state-of-the-art biotechnological technologies aiming at strain improvement using cell factory engineering as well as precise gene editing like Clustered Regularly Interspaced Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) and its Associated proteins (Cas) systems which can provide a boost in fungal endophyte enzyme production. Additionally, it is vital to characterize optimum conditions to grow one strain with multiple enzymes (OSME). The present review encompasses various plants-derived endophytic fungal enzymes and their applications in various sectors. Further, we postulate the feasibility of new precision approaches with an aim for strain improvement and enhanced enzyme production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divyangi Raghav
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Anupam Jyoti
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India.,Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, SAS, Nagar, Punjab
| | - Arif Jamal Siddiqui
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, P O Box, Saudi Arabia
| | - Juhi Saxena
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India.,Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, SAS, Nagar, Punjab
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Endophytic fungi: a potential source of industrial enzyme producers. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:86. [PMID: 35273898 PMCID: PMC8894535 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03145-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial enzymes have gained interest for their widespread use in various industries and medicine due to their stability, ease of production, and optimization. Endophytic fungi in plant tissues produce a wide range of secondary metabolites and enzymes, which exhibit a variety of biological activities. The present review illustrates promising applications of enzymes produced by endophytic fungi and discusses the characteristic features of the enzymes, application of the endophytic fungal enzymes in therapeutics, agriculture, food, and biofuel industries. Endophytic fungi producing ligninolytic enzymes have possible biotechnological applications in lignocellulosic biorefineries. The global market of industrially important enzymes, challenges, and future prospects are illustrated. However, the commercialization of endophytic fungal enzymes for industrial purposes is yet to be explored. The present review suggests that endophytic fungi can produce various enzymes and may become a novel source for upscaling the production of enzymes of industrial use.
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Abdel-Azeem MA, El-Maradny YA, Othman AM, Abdel-Azeem AM. Endophytic Fungi as a Source of New Pharmaceutical Biomolecules. Fungal Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-85603-8_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Abdel-Azeem AM, Abo Nahas HH, Abdel-Azeem MA, Tariq FJ, Yadav AN. Biodiversity and Ecological Perspective of Industrially Important Fungi An Introduction. Fungal Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-67561-5_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Wu P, Li Q, Zhang YJ, Wang Z, Zheng JY. Investigation on the acyl chain length specificity of lipase by gas chromatography assay. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-020-01143-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Mina D, Pereira JA, Lino-Neto T, Baptista P. Epiphytic and Endophytic Bacteria on Olive Tree Phyllosphere: Exploring Tissue and Cultivar Effect. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2020; 80:145-157. [PMID: 31965223 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-020-01488-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Variation on bacterial communities living in the phyllosphere as epiphytes and endophytes has been attributed to plant host effects. However, there is contradictory or inconclusive evidence regarding the effect of plant genetics (below the species' level) and of plant tissue type on phyllosphere bacterial community assembly, in particular when epiphytes and endophytes are considered simultaneously. Here, both surface and internal bacterial communities of two olive (Olea europaea) cultivars were evaluated in twigs and leaves by molecular identification of cultivable isolates, with an attempt to answer these questions. Overall, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Firmicutes were the dominant phyla, being epiphytes more diverse and abundant than endophytes. Host genotype (at cultivar level) had a structuring effect on the composition of bacterial communities and, in a similar way, for both epiphytes and endophytes. Plant organ (leaf vs. twig) control of the bacterial communities was less evident when compared with plant genotype and with a greater influence on epiphytic than on endophytic community structure. Each olive genotype/plant organ was apparently selective towards specific bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs), which may lead to specific feedbacks on fitness of plant genotypes. Bacterial recruitment was observed to happen mainly within epiphytes than in endophytes and in leaves as compared with twigs. Such host specificity suggested that the benefits derived from the plant-bacteria interaction should be considered at genetic levels below the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Mina
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253, Braganca, Portugal
| | - José Alberto Pereira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253, Braganca, Portugal
| | - Teresa Lino-Neto
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Plant Functional Biology Center (CBFP), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Paula Baptista
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253, Braganca, Portugal.
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Biodiversity of Endophytic Fungi from Diverse Niches and Their Biotechnological Applications. ADVANCES IN ENDOPHYTIC FUNGAL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-03589-1_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Endophytic Fungi: Biodiversity, Ecological Significance, and Potential Industrial Applications. RECENT ADVANCEMENT IN WHITE BIOTECHNOLOGY THROUGH FUNGI 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-10480-1_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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9
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Martins F, Pereira JA, Bota P, Bento A, Baptista P. Fungal endophyte communities in above- and belowground olive tree organs and the effect of season and geographic location on their structures. FUNGAL ECOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Glynou K, Ali T, Buch AK, Haghi Kia S, Ploch S, Xia X, Çelik A, Thines M, Maciá-Vicente JG. The local environment determines the assembly of root endophytic fungi at a continental scale. Environ Microbiol 2015; 18:2418-34. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyriaki Glynou
- Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity; Goethe University Frankfurt; Max-von-Laue-Str. 13 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
- Integrative Fungal Research Cluster (IPF); Georg-Voigt-Str. 14-16 60325 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Tahir Ali
- Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung; Senckenberganlage 25 60325 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Ann-Katrin Buch
- Integrative Fungal Research Cluster (IPF); Georg-Voigt-Str. 14-16 60325 Frankfurt am Main Germany
- Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung; Senckenberganlage 25 60325 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Sevda Haghi Kia
- Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity; Goethe University Frankfurt; Max-von-Laue-Str. 13 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
- Integrative Fungal Research Cluster (IPF); Georg-Voigt-Str. 14-16 60325 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Sebastian Ploch
- Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung; Senckenberganlage 25 60325 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Xiaojuan Xia
- Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung; Senckenberganlage 25 60325 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Ali Çelik
- Department of Biology; Faculty of Science and Arts; Pamukkale University; 20070 Denizli Turkey
| | - Marco Thines
- Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity; Goethe University Frankfurt; Max-von-Laue-Str. 13 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
- Integrative Fungal Research Cluster (IPF); Georg-Voigt-Str. 14-16 60325 Frankfurt am Main Germany
- Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung; Senckenberganlage 25 60325 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Jose G. Maciá-Vicente
- Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity; Goethe University Frankfurt; Max-von-Laue-Str. 13 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
- Integrative Fungal Research Cluster (IPF); Georg-Voigt-Str. 14-16 60325 Frankfurt am Main Germany
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Wang D, Zhu Z, Wang X, Bustamante M, Xu Y, Liu Y, Liao W. Improving mycelium-bound lipase production by aggregating Rhizopus chinensis on a draft tube in a modified stirred tank fermentor. Process Biochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Oliveira ACD, Fernandes ML, Mariano AB. Production and characterization of an extracellular lipase from Candida guilliermondii. Braz J Microbiol 2015; 45:1503-11. [PMID: 25763060 PMCID: PMC4323329 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822014000400047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular lipases from the endophytic yeast Candida guilliermondii isolated from castor leaves (Ricinus communis L.) were produced using low-cost raw materials such as agro-industrial residues and applying them in the esterification of oleic acid for evaluating their potential use in biodiesel production. After partial purification using ammonium sulfate, the enzyme was characterized and presented higher activity (26.8 ± 1.5 U mL(-1)) in the presence of 5 mmol L(-1) NaCl at 30 °C and pH 6.5. The production through submerged fermentation was formerly performed in 150 mL erlenmeyer flasks and, once the enzyme production was verified, assays in a 14 L bioreactor were conducted, obtaining 18 ± 1.4 U mL(-1). The produced enzyme was applied in the oleic acid esterification under different solvents: hexane, cyclohexane or cyclohexanone) and different acid:alcohol molar ratios. Higher ester conversion rate (81%) was obtained using hexane and the molar ratio of 1:9 was the best conditions using methanol. The results suggest the potential for development of endophytic yeast in the production of biocatalyst through submerged fermentation using agroindustrial residues as culture medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Caroline Defranceschi Oliveira
- Setor de TecnologiaNúcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Energia AutossustentávelUniversidade Federal do ParanáCuritibaPRBrazilSetor de Tecnologia, Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Energia Autossustentável, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Maria Luiza Fernandes
- Curso de BiotecnologiaUniversidade Tuiuti do ParanáCuritibaPRBrazilCurso de Biotecnologia, Universidade Tuiuti do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - André Bellin Mariano
- Setor de TecnologiaNúcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Energia AutossustentávelUniversidade Federal do ParanáCuritibaPRBrazilSetor de Tecnologia, Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Energia Autossustentável, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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Endophytic fungi: expanding the arsenal of industrial enzyme producers. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 41:1467-78. [PMID: 25117531 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-014-1496-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Endophytic fungi, mostly belonging to the Ascomycota, are found in the intercellular spaces of the aerial plant parts, particularly in leaf sheaths, sometimes even within the bark and root system without inducing any visual symptoms of their presence. These fungi appear to have a capacity to produce a wide range of enzymes and secondary metabolites exhibiting a variety of biological activities. However, they have been only barely exploited as sources of enzymes of industrial interest. This review emphasizes the suitability and possible advantages of including the endophytic fungi in the screening of new enzyme producing organisms as well as in studies aiming to optimize the production of enzymes through well-known culture processes. Apparently endophytic fungi possess the two types of extracellular enzymatic systems necessary to degrade the vegetal biomass: (1) the hydrolytic system responsible for polysaccharide degradation consisting mainly in xylanases and cellulases; and (2) the unique oxidative ligninolytic system, which degrades lignin and opens phenyl rings, comprises mainly laccases, ligninases and peroxidases. The obvious ability of endophytic fungi to degrade the complex structure of lignocellulose makes them useful in the exploration of the lignocellulosic biomass for the production of fuel ethanol and other value-added commodity chemicals. In addition to this, endophytic fungi may become new sources of industrially useful enzymes such as lipases, amylases and proteases.
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Investigation of Lipozyme TL IM-catalyzed transesterification using ultraviolet spectrophotometric assay. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(14)60053-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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A sensitive colorimetric high-throughput screening method for lipase synthetic activity assay. Anal Biochem 2014; 452:13-5. [PMID: 24525041 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive and practical high-throughput screening method for assaying lipase synthetic activity is described. Lipase-catalyzed transesterification between vinyl acetate and n-butanol in n-hexane was chosen as a model reaction. The released acetaldehyde was determined by the colorimetric method using 3-methyl-2-benzothialinone (MBTH) derivatization. In comparison with other methods, the major advantages of this process include high sensitivity, simple detection, inexpensive reagents, and low requirements for instruments.
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Yara-Varón E, Eras Joli J, Torres M, Sala N, Villorbina G, Méndez JJ, Canela-Garayoa R. Solvent-free biocatalytic interesterification of acrylate derivatives. Catal Today 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2012.02.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Teng Y, Xu Y. A modified para-nitrophenyl palmitate assay for lipase synthetic activity determination in organic solvent. Anal Biochem 2007; 363:297-9. [PMID: 17316537 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2007.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2006] [Revised: 12/22/2006] [Accepted: 01/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Teng
- Laboratory of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, School of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Southern Yangtze University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214036, People's Republic of China
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Wang D, Xu Y, Teng Y. Synthetic activity enhancement of membrane-bound lipase from Rhizopus chinensis by pretreatment with isooctane. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2007; 30:147-55. [PMID: 17252187 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-006-0097-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2006] [Accepted: 10/22/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The cell-bound lipase from Rhizopus chinensis CCTCC M201021 with high catalysis ability for ester synthesis was located as a membrane-bound lipase by the treatments of Yatalase firstly. In order to improve its synthetic activity in non-aqueous phase, the pretreatments of this enzyme with various organic solvents were investigated. The pretreatment with isooctane improved evidently the lipase synthetic activity, resulting in about 139% in relative synthetic activity and 115% in activity recovery. The morphological changes of mycelia caused by organic solvent pretreatments could influence the exposure of the membrane-bound enzyme from mycelia and the exhibition of the lipase activity. The pretreatment conditions with isooctane and acetone were further investigated, and the optimum effect was obtained by the isooctane pretreatment at 4 degrees C for 1 h, resulting in 156% in relative synthetic activity and 126% in activity recovery. When the pretreated lipases were employed as catalysts for the esterification production of ethyl hexanoate in heptane, higher initial reaction rate and higher final molar conversion were obtained using the lipase pretreated with isooctane, compared with the untreated lyophilized one. This result suggested that the pretreatment of the membrane-bound lipase with isooctane could be an effective method to substitute the lyophilization for preparing biocatalysts used in non-aqueous phase reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- Laboratory of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, School of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Southern Yangtze University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Abstract
This review focuses on new endophyte-related findings in biology and ecology, and also summarises the various metabolites isolated from endophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wei Zhang
- Institute of Functional Biomolecules, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
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