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Khalifa HO, Shikoray L, Mohamed MYI, Habib I, Matsumoto T. Veterinary Drug Residues in the Food Chain as an Emerging Public Health Threat: Sources, Analytical Methods, Health Impacts, and Preventive Measures. Foods 2024; 13:1629. [PMID: 38890858 PMCID: PMC11172309 DOI: 10.3390/foods13111629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Veterinary medications are necessary for both contemporary animal husbandry and food production, but their residues can linger in foods obtained from animals and pose a dangerous human risk. In this review, we aim to highlight the sources, occurrence, human exposure pathways, and human health effects of drug residues in food-animal products. Following the usage of veterinary medications, pharmacologically active compounds known as drug residues can be found in food, the environment, or animals. They can cause major health concerns to people, including antibiotic resistance development, the development of cancer, teratogenic effects, hypersensitivity, and disruption of normal intestinal flora. Drug residues in animal products can originate from variety of sources, including water or food contamination, extra-label drug use, and ignoring drug withdrawal periods. This review also examines how humans can be exposed to drug residues through drinking water, food, air, and dust, and discusses various analytical techniques for identifying these residues in food. Furthermore, we suggest some potential solutions to prevent or reduce drug residues in animal products and human exposure pathways, such as implementing withdrawal periods, monitoring programs, education campaigns, and new technologies that are crucial for safeguarding public health. This review underscores the urgency of addressing veterinary drug residues as a significant and emerging public health threat, calling for collaborative efforts from researchers, policymakers, and industry stakeholders to develop sustainable solutions that ensure the safety of the global food supply chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazim O. Khalifa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 1555, United Arab Emirates; (L.S.); (M.-Y.I.M.); (I.H.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 3351, Egypt
| | - Lamek Shikoray
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 1555, United Arab Emirates; (L.S.); (M.-Y.I.M.); (I.H.)
| | - Mohamed-Yousif Ibrahim Mohamed
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 1555, United Arab Emirates; (L.S.); (M.-Y.I.M.); (I.H.)
- ASPIRE Research Institute for Food Security in the Drylands (ARIFSID), United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 1555, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ihab Habib
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 1555, United Arab Emirates; (L.S.); (M.-Y.I.M.); (I.H.)
- ASPIRE Research Institute for Food Security in the Drylands (ARIFSID), United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 1555, United Arab Emirates
| | - Tetsuya Matsumoto
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita 286-0048, Japan
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Teng X, Ding X, She Z, Li Y, Xiong X. Preparation of Functionalized Magnetic Polystyrene Microspheres and Their Application in Food Safety Detection. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 15:polym15010077. [PMID: 36616427 PMCID: PMC9824087 DOI: 10.3390/polym15010077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on the specific binding of sulfonic acid groups to melamine, β-agonists and other compounds, Fe3O4 nano-magnetic beads were coated with polystyrene using an improved micro-suspension emulsion polymerization method, thus forming core-shell magnetic polystyrene microspheres (Fe3O4@PS) with Fe3O4 as the core and polystyrene as the shell. These functionalized microspheres, which can be used as magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) adsorbent, were prepared after further sulfonation. These microspheres were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), particle size analysis and saturation magnetization measurement. The results showed that these sulfonated magnetic polystyrene microspheres had favorable sphericity. The particle size of these microspheres ranged from 1 μm to 10 μm. Additionally, these microspheres had good dispersion and magnetic responses in both inorganic and organic solvents. Moreover, these functionalized magnetic polystyrene microspheres were tested and evaluated by high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The results indicated that these sulfonated magnetic polystyrene microspheres (Fe3O4@SPS) could effectively adsorb such illegal additives as β-agonists and melamine in the food matrix.
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Li X, Xiao C, Ruan X, Hu Y, Zhang C, Cheng J, Chen Y. Enrofloxacin degradation in a heterogeneous electro-Fenton system using a tri-metal-carbon nanofibers composite cathode. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL 2022; 427:130927. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2021.130927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
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Han X, Lin H, Cao L, Chen X, Wang L, Zheng H, Zhang Z, Pavase TR, Wang S, Sun X, Sui J. Hapten-Branched Polyethylenimine as a New Antigen Affinity Ligand to Purify Antibodies with High Efficiency and Specificity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:58191-58200. [PMID: 33319977 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c15586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Purification of antibodies has become a critical factor in antibody production. A high-purity specific antibody against antigens, especially small molecules, seems to be difficult to obtain, even with the help of a protein A affinity column, which is a conventional and broadly used ligand for the separation of antibody and non-antibody proteins. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a cheap, simple, efficient, and stable method to separate the specific antibody from other antibodies. In this study, to improve the sensitivity and accuracy of immunoassay results, enrofloxacin (ENR) was grafted onto polyethylenimine (PEI) by the abundant amino groups and then the whole ligand (ENR-PEI) was conjugated to CNBr-Sepharose 4B to prepare the affinity column for the purification of the specific antibody against ENR from polyclonal antibodies. Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy verification showed that Sepharose 4B was successfully modified by ENR-PEI with excellent uniformity. The capacity of the prepared column could reach to 6.15 mg of specific antibody with high purity per milliliter resin due to the high coupling ratio (49.3:1) of ENR on PEI, and the IC50 value of the antibody after purification was 47.58 ng/mL with a lowest limit of detection (IC10) of 1.099 ng/mL-18 times lower than those of the antibody purified through the protein A column. All the results showed that this new kind of resin could be used as the potential ligand in the purification of the trace-specific antibody against antigens in complex mixtures with high efficiency and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangning Han
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Rd, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Hong Lin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Rd, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Limin Cao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Rd, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Xiangfeng Chen
- Shandong Analysis and Test Centre, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 19 Keyuan Rd, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Luefeng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Rd, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Hongwei Zheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Rd, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Ziang Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Rd, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Tushar Ramesh Pavase
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Rd, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Sai Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Rd, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Xun Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Rd, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Jianxin Sui
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Rd, Qingdao 266100, China
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Li S, Zhang Q, Chen M, Zhang X, Liu P. Determination of veterinary drug residues in food of animal origin: Sample preparation methods and analytical techniques. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2020.1798247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuling Li
- Department of Hygiene Detection, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qiongyao Zhang
- Department of Hygiene Detection, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Mengdi Chen
- Department of Hygiene Detection, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xuejiao Zhang
- Department of Hygiene Detection, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Hygiene Detection, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Patel T, Marmulak T, Gehring R, Pitesky M, Clapham MO, Tell LA. Drug residues in poultry meat: A literature review of commonly used veterinary antibacterials and anthelmintics used in poultry. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2018; 41:761-789. [DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Trishna Patel
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital University of California Davis California
| | - Tara Marmulak
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology School of Veterinary Medicine University of California Davis California
| | - Ronette Gehring
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine Kansas State University Manhattan Kansas
| | - Maurice Pitesky
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction School of Veterinary Medicine, Cooperative Extension University of California Davis California
| | - Maaike O. Clapham
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology School of Veterinary Medicine University of California Davis California
| | - Lisa A. Tell
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology School of Veterinary Medicine University of California Davis California
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Sheng W, Li S, Liu Y, Wang J, Zhang Y, Wang S. Visual and rapid lateral flow immunochromatographic assay for enrofloxacin using dyed polymer microspheres and quantum dots. Mikrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-017-2474-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Rasheed CM, Fakhre NA, Ibrahim M. Simultaneous Determination of Enrofloxacin and Tylosin in Chicken Samples by Derivative Spectrophotometry. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-017-2745-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Wang Z, Zhang H, Ni H, Zhang S, Shen J. Development of a highly sensitive and specific immunoassay for enrofloxacin based on heterologous coating haptens. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 820:152-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Huang X, Aguilar ZP, Li H, Lai W, Wei H, Xu H, Xiong Y. Fluorescent Ru(phen)3(2+)-doped silica nanoparticles-based ICTS sensor for quantitative detection of enrofloxacin residues in chicken meat. Anal Chem 2013; 85:5120-8. [PMID: 23614687 DOI: 10.1021/ac400502v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A Ru(phen)3(2+)-doped silica fluorescent nanoparticle (FN)-based immunochromatographic test strip (ICTS) sensor was developed for rapid, high sensitivity, easy to use, and low cost quantitative detection of enrofloxacin (ENR) residues in chicken meat. The fluorescence signal intensity of the FNs at the test line (FI(T)) and control line (FI(C)) was determined with a prototype of a portable fluorescent strip reader. Unique properties of Ru(phen)3(2+) doped silica nanoparticles (e.g., large Stokes shift, high emission quantum yield, and long fluorescence lifetime) were combined with the advantages of ICTS and an easy to make portable fluorescent strip reader. The signal was based on FI(T)/FI(C) ratio to effectively eliminate strip to strip variation and matrix effects. Various parameters that influenced the strip were investigated and optimized. Quantitative ENR detection with the FNs ICTS sensor using 80 μL sample took only 20 min, which is faster than the commercial ELISA kit (that took 90 min). The linear range of detection in chicken extract was established at 0.025-3.500 ng/mL with a half maximal inhibitory concentration at 0.22 ± 0.02 ng/mL. Using the optimized parameters, the limit of detection (LOD) for ENR using the FNs ICTS sensor was recorded at 0.02 ng/mL in chicken extract. This corresponds to 0.12 μg/kg chicken meat which is two (2) orders of magnitude better that the maximum residue limits (MRLs) imposed in Japan (10 μg/kg) and three (3) orders of magnitude better than those imposed in China. The intra- and inter-assay coefficient of variations (CVs) were 6.04% and 12.96% at 0.5 ng/mL, 6.92% and 12.61% at 1.0 ng/mL, and 6.66% and 11.88% at 2.0 ng/mL in chicken extract, respectively. The recoveries using the new FNs ICTS sensor from fifty (50) ENR-spiked chicken samples showed a highly significant correlation (R(2) = 0.9693) with the commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. The new FNs ICTS sensor is a simple, rapid, sensitive, accurate, and inexpensive quantitative detection of ENR residues in chicken meat and extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, P R China
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Qiao J, Yan H, Wang H, Lv Y. Determination of ofloxacin and lomefloxacin in chicken muscle using molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction coupled with liquid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:2668-73. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2011] [Revised: 07/04/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Khor SM, Liu G, Peterson JR, Iyengar SG, Gooding JJ. An Electrochemical Immunobiosensor for Direct Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues in Undiluted Complex Matrices. ELECTROANAL 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201100205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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13
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Abstract
The bioanalytical applications of supercritical fluid techniques, such as supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC), are of increasing interest. The main role of these techniques is in the sample preparation and separation of biologically active compounds, particularly drugs and their metabolites, as well as endogenous compounds. An insight is given into the different types of extracting fluids and modifiers, detectors, stationary phases, mobile phases and collection strategies. A critical discussion is presented on the existing state of the art concerning the applications of SFC and SFE with a specific focus on its advantages and limitations in the bioanalytical field. New developments and the possibilities for routine work in the near future are also covered.
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Approaches for application of sub and supercritical fluid extraction for quantification of orbifloxacin from plasma and milk: application to disposition kinetics. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 631:108-15. [PMID: 19046687 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2008] [Revised: 10/07/2008] [Accepted: 10/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Since its extensive development in the early 1980s, SFE has attracted considerable attention as a sample-preparation procedure. However, other different sample preparation procedures, including precipitation, liquid- and/or solid-phase extraction in biological fluids, also remain in use. In this investigation, SFE was introduced to isolate and identify orbifloxacin from plasma and milk. Four parameters, including the temperature and the pressure of supercritical fluid, modifier ratios, and dynamic extraction time, were evaluated and optimized to obtain the best yield of the analyte from the biological fluids. Determinations of the orbifloxacin (OBFX) in the extracts were carried out using HPLC-FLD. The optimum conditions of the extraction process that yielded the maximum analyte extraction efficiencies were 150 degrees C vs. 60 degrees C, 250 kg cm(-2), 30% vs. 35% methanol, and 40 min vs. 20 min, for plasma and milk, respectively. The linearity of the calibration curves as well as the instrument LODs/LOQs were evaluated. Good linearity (at least r(2) > or = 0.999) of the calibration curves was obtained over the range from 0.2 to 0.01 microg mL(-1). The method showed a good recovery rate (74.2-127.73%) and precision (RSDs: 1.64-20%). The instrumental LOD and LOQ values were 0.004 microg mL(-1) vs. 0.01 microg mL(-1) or 0.006 microg mL(-1) vs. 0.02 microg mL(-1), for plasma and milk, respectively. The method was successfully applied to estimate the pharmacokinetic variables of orbifloxacin in lactating does. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that SFE has been applied to isolate an antimicrobial agent from biological fluids. This method is promising for clinical applications and for pharmacokinetic studies of various pharmaceuticals in biological fluids.
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Benito-Peña E, Martins S, Orellana G, Moreno-Bondi MC. Water-compatible molecularly imprinted polymer for the selective recognition of fluoroquinolone antibiotics in biological samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 393:235-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-2405-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2008] [Revised: 09/04/2008] [Accepted: 09/10/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Rezaei B, Mokhtari A. Flow-injection chemiluminescence determination of enrofloxacin using the Ru(phen)3(2+)-Ce(IV) system and central composite design for the optimization of chemical variables. LUMINESCENCE 2008; 23:357-64. [PMID: 18500697 DOI: 10.1002/bio.1040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The main purpose of this study was to develop an inexpensive, simple, rapid and sensitive chemiluminescence (CL) method for the determination of enrofloxacin (ENRO) using a flow-injection system. This method is based on rapid reduction of Ru(phen)(3)(3+), which is produced in the reaction between Ru(phen)(3)(2+) and acidic Ce(IV) by ENRO, producing strong CL. A central composite design (CCD) was used for optimization of the chemical variables. Regression analysis of the data from the CCD demonstrated that a second-order polynomial model is an adequate description of the surface over the factor limits studied. Optimization using CCD gave approximately four-fold better results than the single-factor-at-a-time method. Under optimal experimental conditions, the CL response was proportional to the concentration of ENRO over a wide range (0.008-3.6 microg/mL) with a correlation coefficient of 0.9986 and a detection limit of 0.003 microg/mL (3sigma). The relative standard deviation for 11 repeated determinations of 0.14 microg/mL ENRO was 4.2%. This method was successfully applied to the analysis of commercial formulations, spiked plasma and spiked poultry tissue. Sample analyses showed good recovery percentages for drugs and spiked plasma (95.1-103.9%). Recovery percentages for spiked poultry tissue were in the range 77.6-87.3%. The minimum sampling rate was 100 samples/h.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Rezaei
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156 IR, Iran.
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Jeon HR, Abd El-Aty AEAM, Abd El-Aty MAEA, Cho SK, Choi JH, Kim KY, Park RD, Shim JH. Multiresidue analysis of four pesticide residues in water dropwort (Oenanthe javanica)via pressurized liquid extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, and liquid–liquid extraction and gas chromatographic determination. J Sep Sci 2007; 30:1953-63. [PMID: 17638354 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200600548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The primary objective of this study was to simultaneously analyze the residues of the most commonly used pesticides, chlorpyrifos-methyl, endosulfan, EPN, and iprodione in the water dropwort, via accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), and conventional solvent extraction (LLE) techniques. Residue levels were determined using GC with electron-capture detection (GC-ECD). The confirmation of pesticide identity was performed by GC-MS in a selected ion-monitoring (SIM) mode. In none of the ASE and SFE techniques were the extraction conditions optimized. Rather, the experimental variables were predicated on the author's experience. The ECD response for all pesticides was linear in the studied range of concentrations of 0.005-5.0 ppm, with correlation coefficients in excess of 0.9991. At each of the two studied fortification levels, the pesticides yielded recoveries in excess of 72% with RSDs between 1 and 19%. The LODs were achieved at a range of levels from 0.001 to 0.063 ppm, depending on the pesticide utilized. The LOQs, which ranged from 0.003 to 0.188 ppm, were lower than the maximum residue limits (MRLs) authorized by the Korean Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). All of the methods were applied successfully to the determination of pesticide residues in the real samples. It could, therefore, be concluded that any of the techniques utilized in this investigation might prove successful, given that the applied extraction conditions are wisely chosen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyang-Rang Jeon
- Natural Products Chemistry Laboratory, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University, 300 Yong-Bong Dong, Buk-Ku, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
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Sukul P, Spiteller M. Fluoroquinolone antibiotics in the environment. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2007; 191:131-62. [PMID: 17708074 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-69163-3_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Fluoroquinolones (FQs) are used in large amounts for human and animal medical care. They are excreted as parent compound, as conjugates, or as oxidation, hydroxylation, dealkylation, or decarboxylation products of the parent compound. A considerable amount of FQs and their metabolites may reach the soil as constituents of urine, feces, or manure. The residues of FQs in foods of animal origin may pose hazards to consumers through emergence of drug-resistant bacteria. FQs bind strongly to topsoil, reducing the threat of surface water and groundwater contamination. The strong binding of FQs to soil and sediments delays their biodegradation and explains the recalcitrance of FQs. Wastewater treatment is an efficient elimination step (79%-87% removal) for FQs before they enter rivers. FQs are susceptible to photodegradation in aqueous medium, involving oxidation, dealkylation, and cleavage of the piperazine ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Premasis Sukul
- Institute of Environmental Research (INFU), Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, University of Dortmund, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
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Gratacós-Cubarsí M, García-Regueiro JA, Castellari M. Assessment of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin accumulation in pig and calf hair by HPLC and fluorimetric detection. Anal Bioanal Chem 2006; 387:1991-8. [PMID: 17186229 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-006-1000-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2006] [Revised: 11/02/2006] [Accepted: 11/07/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Enrofloxacin is a synthetic bacteriostatic administered in veterinary therapy. It can also be used illegally as a growth promoter to enhance feed efficiency and weight gain. This practice is banned in several countries due to its potential negative effects on the environment and human health. A suitable method for extracting and quantifying enrofloxacin (ENR) and its main metabolite ciprofloxacin (CPR) in cattle and pig hair by high-performance liquid chromatography-fluorimetric detection (HPLC-FLD) had been proposed. ENR and CPR were extracted from hair samples with methanol acidified with trifluoroacetic acid for 24 h at 70 degrees C. The extracts were evaporated and redissolved in the mobile phase before injection. This simplified procedure enabled the detection of both CPR and ENR at ng g-1 levels (limit of detection 4-5 ng g-1) without further purification. Detectable residues of ENR were found in calf and pig hairs after the pharmacological treatment was started. Mean concentrations of quinolone (ENR, CPR) in contaminated hairs ranged from 20 to 2,518 ng g-1 in calves and from 152 to 1,140 ng g-1 in pigs. Hair pigmentation enhanced quinolone accumulation significantly. Hair analysis seems to increase the time window available for the retrospective detection of illegal ENR administration compared to edible tissue analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Gratacós-Cubarsí
- Food Chemistry Unit, Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology (IRTA), Finca Camps i Armet, 17121, Monells, Girona, Spain
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González C, Moreno L, Small J, Jones DG, Bruni SFS. A liquid chromatographic method, with fluorometric detection, for the determination of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin in plasma and endometrial tissue of mares. Anal Chim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2005.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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IWASAKI Y, ITO T, KITAMURA W, KATO M, KODAIRA T, HORIE M, ITO R, SAITO K, NAKAZAWA H. Analysis of Fluoroquinolones in Meat Samples by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and HPLC. BUNSEKI KAGAKU 2006. [DOI: 10.2116/bunsekikagaku.55.943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke IWASAKI
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University
| | - Takeshi ITO
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University
| | - Wataru KITAMURA
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University
| | | | | | | | - Rie ITO
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University
| | - Koichi SAITO
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University
| | - Hiroyuki NAKAZAWA
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University
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Hoof NV, Wasch KD, Okerman L, Reybroeck W, Poelmans S, Noppe H, Brabander HD. Validation of a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometric method for the quantification of eight quinolones in bovine muscle, milk and aquacultured products. Anal Chim Acta 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2004.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Shen JY, Kim MR, Lee CJ, Kim IS, Lee KB, Shim JH. Supercritical fluid extraction of the fluoroquinolones norfloxacin and ofloxacin from orally treated-chicken breast muscles. Anal Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2004.02.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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