1
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Hu X, Liu L, Zhong J, Liu X, Qin X. Improved physicochemical properties and in vitro digestion of walnut oil microcapsules with soy protein isolate and highly oxidized konjac glucomannan as wall materials. Food Chem 2024; 444:138640. [PMID: 38325078 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of the oxidation degrees of oxidized konjac glucomannan (OKGM) on the encapsulation efficiency (EE), physicochemical and in vitro digestive properties of soy protein isolate (SPI)-based microcapsules walnut oil using experimental and computational approaches. Microcapsules had the highest EE when the ratio of OKGM and SPI to oil was 2.5:1. With increasing the oxidation degree of OKGM, the EE of microcapsules was increased and the hygroscopicity was decreased. Molecular dynamics simulation results showed that SPI/oil/highly OKGM had relatively low binding energy (-4.03 × 106 kJ/mol) and strong electrostatic interactions, which may contribute to a higher EE and lower hygroscopicity of microcapsules, respectively. The oxidative stability of the oil was markedly improved by SPI and OKGM, and microcapsules prepared with SPI and highly OKGM had the highest in vitro digestion. This study provided theoretical support for broadening the application of microcapsules prepared with SPI and OKGM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Hu
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Lu Liu
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jinfeng Zhong
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiong Liu
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiaoli Qin
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing 400715, China.
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2
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Lopez C, Rabesona H, Novales B, Weber M, Anton M. Walnut (Juglans regia L.) kernel oil bodies recovered by aqueous extraction for utilization as ingredient in food emulsions: Exploration of their microstructure, composition and the effects of homogenization, pH, and salt ions on their physical stability. Food Res Int 2023; 173:113197. [PMID: 37803532 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Natural oil-in-water emulsions containing plant oil bodies (OBs), also called oleosomes, rich in health-promoting omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3 PUFA) are of increasing interest for food applications. In this study, we focused on walnut kernel OBs (WK-OBs) and explored their microstructure, composition and physical stability in ionic environments as well as the impact of homogenization. A green process involving aqueous extraction by grinding of WK allowed the co-extraction of OBs and proteins, and centrifugation was used to recover the WK-OBs. Confocal laser scanning microscopy images showed the spherical shape of WK-OBs with an oil core envelopped by a layer of phospholipids (0.16 % of lipids) and embedded proteins. Their mean diameter was 5.1 ± 0.3 µm. The WK-OBs contained 70.1 % PUFA with 57.8 % ω6 linoleic acid and 12.3 % ω3 α-linolenic acid representing 68 % and 11.6 % of the total fatty acids in the sn-2 position of the triacylglycerols (TAG), respectively. Trilinolein was the main TAG (23.1 %). The WK-OBs also contained sterols (1223 ± 33 mg/kg lipids; 86 % β-sitosterol), carotenoids (0.62 ± 0.01 mg/kg lipids; 49.2 % β-carotene), and tocopherols (322.7 ± 7.7 mg/kg lipids; 89 % γ-tocopherol), confirming their interest as health-promoting ingredients. The decrease in the size of WK-OBs under high-pressure homogenization avoided phase separation upon storage. The anionic WK-OB surface at neutral pH was affected by stressful ionic environments (pH, NaCl, CaCl2), that induced aggregation of WK-OBs and decreased the physical stability of the emulsions. Emulsions containing WK-OBs are promising to diversify the market of the ω3-rich plant-based food products and beverages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bruno Novales
- INRAE, UR BIA, F-44316, Nantes, France; INRAE, PROBE Research Infrastructure, BIBS Facility, F-44316, Nantes, France
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3
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Zhang JJ, Gao Y, Zhao ML, Xu X, Xi BN, Lin LK, Zheng JY, Chen B, Shu Y, Li C, Shen Y. Detection of walnut oil adulterated with high-linoleic acid vegetable oils using triacylglycerol pseudotargeted method based on SFC-QTOF-MS. Food Chem 2023; 416:135837. [PMID: 36905710 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Authentication of walnut oil (WO) is challenging due to the adulteration of high-linoleic acid vegetable oils (HLOs) with similar fatty acid composition. To allow the discrimination of WO adulteration, a rapid, sensitive and stable scanning method based on supercritical fluid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SFC-QTOF-MS) was established to profile 59 potential triacylglycerol (TAGs) in HLOs samples within 10 min. Limit of quantitation of the proposed method is 0.002 µg mL-1 and the relative standard deviations range from 0.7% to 12.0%. TAGs profiles of WO samples from various varieties, geography origins, ripeness, and processing methods were used to construct orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and OPLS models that were highly accurate in both qualitative and quantitative prediction at adulteration levels as low as 5% (w/w). This study advances the TAGs analysis to characterize vegetable oils and holds promise as an efficient method for oil authentication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China.
| | - Yan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China
| | - Mei-Ling Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China
| | - Bo-Nan Xi
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China
| | - Li-Ke Lin
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China
| | - Jing-Yi Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China
| | - Bang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China
| | - Yu Shu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Cong Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China.
| | - Yehua Shen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China.
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4
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Jardim T, Domingues MRM, Alves E. An overview on lipids in nuts and oily fruits: oil content, lipid composition, health effects, lipidomic fingerprinting and new biotechnological applications of their by-products. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 64:9132-9160. [PMID: 37178132 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2208666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Tree nuts and oily fruits are used as a diet complement and are highly consumed worldwide. The production and consumption of these foods have been increasing, and an enormous global market value is forecasted for 2023. Besides their high nutritional value and lipid content, they provide health benefits to fat metabolism, heart, skin, and brain. The industrial by-products of these oily foods represent promising raw materials for many industries. However, the lipidomic analysis of nuts and oily fruits is still in its early stages. State-of-the-art analytical approaches for the lipid profiling and fingerprinting of nuts and oily fruits have been developed using high-performance liquid chromatography and high-resolution mass spectrometry for the accurate identification and structural characterization at the molecular species level. It is expected to bring a new understanding of these everyday foods' nutritional and functional value. This review comprises the oil content and lipid composition of various nuts and oily fruits, particularly those mostly consumed worldwide and having recognized beneficial health effects, biological activities associated with the lipids from different oily foodstuffs, analytical methodologies to analyze lipids in nuts and oily fruits, and the potential biotechnological applications of their industrial by-products for a lipid-based commercial valorization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Jardim
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M Rosário M Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Eliana Alves
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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5
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Walnut (Juglans regia L.) oil chemical composition depending on variety, locality, extraction process and storage conditions: A comprehensive review. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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6
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Hama JR, Fitzsimmons-Thoss V. Determination of Unsaturated Fatty Acids Composition in Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Oil Using NMR Spectroscopy. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-021-02203-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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7
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Taaifi Y, Benmoumen A, Belhaj K, Aazza S, Abid M, Azeroual E, Elamrani A, Mansouri F, Serghini Caid H. Seed composition of non‐industrial hemp (
Cannabis sativa
L.) varieties from four regions in northern Morocco. Int J Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yassine Taaifi
- Laboratory of Agricultural Production Improvement, Biotechnology and Environment Faculty of Sciences University Mohammed First Oujda 717, 60000 Morocco
| | - Abdessamad Benmoumen
- Laboratory of Agricultural Production Improvement, Biotechnology and Environment Faculty of Sciences University Mohammed First Oujda 717, 60000 Morocco
| | - Kamal Belhaj
- Laboratory of Agricultural Production Improvement, Biotechnology and Environment Faculty of Sciences University Mohammed First Oujda 717, 60000 Morocco
| | - Smail Aazza
- Laboratory of Phytochemistry National Agency of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Taounate 159, 34000 Morocco
| | - Malika Abid
- Laboratory of Agricultural Production Improvement, Biotechnology and Environment Faculty of Sciences University Mohammed First Oujda 717, 60000 Morocco
| | - Embarek Azeroual
- Institut Royal des Techniciens Spécialisés en Élevage Fouarat Kenitra Morocco
| | - Ahmed Elamrani
- Laboratory of Agricultural Production Improvement, Biotechnology and Environment Faculty of Sciences University Mohammed First Oujda 717, 60000 Morocco
| | - Farid Mansouri
- Laboratory of Agricultural Production Improvement, Biotechnology and Environment Faculty of Sciences University Mohammed First Oujda 717, 60000 Morocco
| | - Hana Serghini Caid
- Laboratory of Agricultural Production Improvement, Biotechnology and Environment Faculty of Sciences University Mohammed First Oujda 717, 60000 Morocco
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8
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NMR detection of fatty acids content in walnut oil and compared with liquid chromatography. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-021-00813-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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9
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Wang W, Wang Y, Chen F, Zheng F. Comparison of determination of sugar-PMP derivatives by two different stationary phases and two HPLC detectors: C18 vs. amide columns and DAD vs. ELSD. J Food Compost Anal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2020.103715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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10
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Pisano MB, Rosa A, Putzu D, Cesare Marincola F, Mossa V, Viale S, Fadda ME, Cosentino S. Influence of Autochthonous Putative Probiotic Cultures on Microbiota, Lipid Components and Metabolome of Caciotta Cheese. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:583745. [PMID: 33193226 PMCID: PMC7609418 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.583745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to produce probiotic Caciotta cheeses from pasteurized ewes' milk by using different combinations of autochthonous microbial cultures, containing putative probiotic strains, and evaluate their influence on gross composition, lipid components, sensory properties and microbiological and metabolite profiles of the cheeses throughout ripening process. A control cheese was produced using commercial starter cultures. The hydrophilic molecular pools (mainly composed by amino acids, organic acids, and carbohydrates) were characterized by means of 1H NMR spectroscopy, while the cholesterol, α-tocopherol and fatty acid composition by HPLC-DAD/ELSD techniques. Conventional culturing and a PCR-DGGE approach using total cheese DNA extracts were used to analyze cheese microbiota and monitor the presence and viability of starters and probiotic strains. Our findings showed no marked differences for gross composition, total lipids, total cholesterol, and fatty acid levels among all cheeses during ripening. Differently, the multivariate statistical analysis of NMR data highlighted significant variations in the cheese' profiles both in terms of maturation time and strains combination. The use of autochthonous cultures and adjunct probiotic strains did not adversely affect acceptability of the cheeses. Higher levels of lactobacilli (viability of 108-109 cfu/g of cheese) were detected in cheeses made with the addition of probiotic autochthonous strains with respect to control cheese during the whole ripening period, suggesting the adequacy of Caciotta cheese as a carrier for probiotic bacteria delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Barbara Pisano
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Antonella Rosa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Danilo Putzu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Valentina Mossa
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Silvia Viale
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maria Elisabetta Fadda
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Sofia Cosentino
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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11
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Maestri D, Cittadini MC, Bodoira R, Martínez M. Tree Nut Oils: Chemical Profiles, Extraction, Stability, and Quality Concerns. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201900450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Damián Maestri
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV)Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) – Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC) Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1611 Córdoba X5016CGA Argentina
| | - María Cecilia Cittadini
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV)Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) – Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC) Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1611 Córdoba X5016CGA Argentina
| | - Romina Bodoira
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Córdoba (ICYTAC)Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) – Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Bv. Dr. Juan Filloy S/n – Ciudad Universitaria Córdoba X5016CGA Argentina
| | - Marcela Martínez
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV)Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) – Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC) Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1611 Córdoba X5016CGA Argentina
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12
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Lu M, Zhang T, Jiang Z, Guo Y, Qiu F, Liu R, Zhang L, Chang M, Liu R, Jin Q, Wang X. Physical properties and cellular antioxidant activity of vegetable oil emulsions with different chain lengths and saturation of triglycerides. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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13
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Nogales-Bueno J, Feliz L, Baca-Bocanegra B, Hernández-Hierro JM, Heredia FJ, Barroso JM, Rato AE. Comparative study on the use of three different near infrared spectroscopy recording methodologies for varietal discrimination of walnuts. Talanta 2020; 206:120189. [PMID: 31514826 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Walnut fruit (Juglans regia L.) is an internationally well-known product with an important tradition of consumption. Its health benefits and economic importance in the food industry make this nut an interesting research topic. In this feasibility study, 200 walnut samples of 5 different varieties were collected and their near infrared (NIR) spectra were recorded with 3 different devices: a benchtop Fourier transform near infrared (FT-NIR) spectrograph, a dispersive hyperspectral imaging camera and a portable NIR dispersive spectrograph. Discriminant analyses were applied and different methods for the varietal discrimination of walnuts were obtained and compared. Up to 96 and 84% of correct identification were respectively obtained in internal (training set) and external validations. Better results were obtained covering the entire shell surface than collecting a unique random spectrum per sample. Moreover, FT-NIR and hyperspectral tools produced classification models with a lower classification error in internal and external validations than the portable NIR one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Nogales-Bueno
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas, Universidade de Évora, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Apartado, 94 7002 - 554, Évora, Portugal; Food Colour and Quality Laboratory, Área de Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Luis Feliz
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas, Universidade de Évora, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Apartado, 94 7002 - 554, Évora, Portugal
| | - Berta Baca-Bocanegra
- Food Colour and Quality Laboratory, Área de Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - José Miguel Hernández-Hierro
- Food Colour and Quality Laboratory, Área de Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Francisco José Heredia
- Food Colour and Quality Laboratory, Área de Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - João Manuel Barroso
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas, Universidade de Évora, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Apartado, 94 7002 - 554, Évora, Portugal
| | - Ana Elisa Rato
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas, Universidade de Évora, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Apartado, 94 7002 - 554, Évora, Portugal
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14
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Rosa A, Era B, Masala C, Nieddu M, Scano P, Fais A, Porcedda S, Piras A. Supercritical CO
2
Extraction of Waste Citrus Seeds: Chemical Composition, Nutritional and Biological Properties of Edible Fixed Oils. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201800502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Rosa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella UniversitariaSS 554, km 4.509042 Monserrato, CagliariItaly
| | - Benedetta Era
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari09123 CagliariItaly
| | - Carla Masala
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella UniversitariaSS 554, km 4.509042 Monserrato, CagliariItaly
| | - Mariella Nieddu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella UniversitariaSS 554, km 4.509042 Monserrato, CagliariItaly
| | - Paola Scano
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella UniversitariaSS 554, km 4.509042 Monserrato, CagliariItaly
| | - Antonella Fais
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari09123 CagliariItaly
| | - Silvia Porcedda
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella UniversitariaSS 554, km 4.509042 Monserrato, CagliariItaly
| | - Alessandra Piras
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella UniversitariaSS 554, km 4.509042 Monserrato, CagliariItaly
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15
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Ji J, Ge Z, Feng Y, Wang X. Lipid Characterization of Chinese Wild Hazelnuts (Corylus mandshurica Maxim.). J Oleo Sci 2018; 68:13-20. [PMID: 30542005 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess18132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To develop and use the hazelnut, the main composition, and the physicochemical characteristics, fatty acid compositions, triacylglycerol (TAG) distribution and tocol contents of Hazelnut (Corylus mandshurica Maxim.) which growing in Changbai mountain of Jilin province (HO1) and Anshan city of Liaoning province (HO2) in China were investigated, and the comparative study between the two hazelnut oils and American hazelnut / Turkish hazelnut were also explored. The content of crude lipid and protein in HO1 and HO2 were approximately 54% and 17%, 55% and 16%, respectively. The two hazelnut oils were abundant in unsaturated fatty acids, with the primary unsaturated fatty acids were oleic acid (78%-80%) and linoleic acid (14-16%), which accounted for above 90% of the oils. Therefore, both of the hazelnut oils were important sources of essential fatty acid. In addition, the main saturated fatty acid of the two hazelnut oils were palmitic acid (3%) and stearic acid (1-2%). The main triacylglycerols (TGA) profile were dioleolinolein (OOL), oleodilinolein (OLL) and triolein (OOO). The contents of tocol were 574.44 μg/g, 647.49 μg/g oil in HO1 and HO2, respectively, both of them were higher than that of grape seed oils (454 μg/g), olive oils (209 μg/g) and walnut oils (255 μg/g). The total phytosterol contents were over 2000μg/g and β-sitosterol was the most predominant sterol in two oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmin Ji
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology
| | - Zhengfa Ge
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology
| | - Yeshen Feng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology
| | - Xuede Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology
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16
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Gao P, Liu R, Jin Q, Wang X. Comparison of Different Processing Methods of Iron Walnut Oils (Juglans sigillata
): Lipid Yield, Lipid Compositions, Minor Components, and Antioxidant Capacity. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201800151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pan Gao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food; School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan University; 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi 214122 P. R. China
| | - Ruijie Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food; School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan University; 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi 214122 P. R. China
| | - Qingzhe Jin
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food; School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan University; 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi 214122 P. R. China
| | - Xingguo Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food; School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan University; 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi 214122 P. R. China
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17
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Gao P, Jin J, Liu R, Jin Q, Wang X. Chemical Compositions of Walnut (Juglans regiaL.) Oils from Different Cultivated Regions in China. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/aocs.12097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pan Gao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road; Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Jun Jin
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road; Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Ruijie Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road; Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Qingzhe Jin
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road; Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Xingguo Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road; Wuxi 214122 China
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Shan XL, Liu XT, Gong C, Xu X. Precolumn Derivatization with Bromine to Improve Separation and Detection Sensitivity of Triacylglycerols in Edible Oil by Reversed-Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography. ANAL SCI 2018. [PMID: 29526894 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.34.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The complexity of triacylglycerols (TAGs) in edible oils is largely due to the many similar unsaturated TAG compounds, which makes profiling TAGs difficult. In this study, precolumn derivatization with bromine (Br2) was used to improve the separation and detection sensitivity of TAGs in edible oils by RP-HPLC. Oil samples dissolved in n-hexane and TAGs were derived by reaction with a Br2-CCl4 (1:1, v/v) solution for 3 h at room temperature. The derivate product solution was stable and was best separated and detected by RP-HPLC using a C18 column, with a mobile phase of methanol-n-hexane (91.5:8.5, v/v) at 25°C. A detection wavelength of 230 nm was used. The results showed that the approach enabled the separation and detection of more similar TAGs by RP-HPLC. The method was applied to profile 20 types of edible oil, and the results presented the differences in the TAG profiles of various edible oils, which may be useful in the identification of edible oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lin Shan
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology
| | - Xiao-Ting Liu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology
| | - Can Gong
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology
| | - Xu Xu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology
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Abdallah IB, Macciola V, Boukhchina S, de La Torre Fornell R, De Leonardis A. The negligible role of ellagic acid in preventing fat oxidation of Tunisian walnuts (Juglans regia L.). JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-017-9519-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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20
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Rosa A, Maxia A, Putzu D, Atzeri A, Era B, Fais A, Sanna C, Piras A. Chemical composition of Lycium europaeum fruit oil obtained by supercritical CO 2 extraction and evaluation of its antioxidant activity, cytotoxicity and cell absorption. Food Chem 2017; 230:82-90. [PMID: 28407975 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We studied the total phenols and flavonoids, liposoluble antioxidants, fatty acid and triacylglycerol profiles, and oxidative status of oil obtained from Lycium europaeum fruits following supercritical CO2 extraction (at 30MPa and 40°C). Linoleic (52%), palmitic (18%), oleic (13%), and α-linolenic (6%) were the main oil fatty acids, while trilinolein and palmitodilinolein/oleodilinolein represented the main triacylglycerols. The oil was characterized by high levels of all-trans-zeaxanthin and all-trans-β-carotene (755 and 332μg/g of oil, respectively), α-tocopherol (308μg/g of oil), total phenols (13.6mg gallic acid equivalents/g of oil), and total flavonoids (6.8mg quercetin equivalents/g of oil). The oil showed radical scavenging activities (ABTS and DPPH assays) and inhibited Caco-2 cell growth. Moreover, the incubation of differentiated Caco-2 cells with a non-toxic oil concentration (100μg/mL) induced a significant intracellular accumulation of essential fatty acids. The results qualify L. europaeum oil as a potential source for food/pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Rosa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SS 554, Km 4.5, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy.
| | - Andrea Maxia
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Viale Sant'Ignazio da Laconi 13, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Danilo Putzu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SS 554, Km 4.5, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Angela Atzeri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SS 554, Km 4.5, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Benedetta Era
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SS 554, Km 4.5, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Antonella Fais
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SS 554, Km 4.5, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Cinzia Sanna
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Viale Sant'Ignazio da Laconi 13, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alessandra Piras
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SS 554, Km 4.5, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
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Arslan FN, Kara H. Fully Automated Three-Dimensional Column-Switching SPE–FIA–HPLC System for the Characterization of Lipids by a Single Injection: Part I. Instrumental Design and Chemometric Approach to Assess the Effect of Experimental Settings on the Response of ELSD. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-015-2750-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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22
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Kobayashi N, Noel EA, Barnes A, Rosenberg J, DiRusso C, Black P, Oyler GA. Rapid detection and quantification of triacylglycerol by HPLC-ELSD in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Chlorella strains. Lipids 2013; 48:1035-49. [PMID: 23975573 PMCID: PMC3779595 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-013-3828-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Triacylglycerol (TAG) analysis and quantification are commonly performed by first obtaining a purified TAG fraction from a total neutral lipid extract using thin-layer chromatography (TLC), and then analyzing the fatty acid composition of the purified TAG fraction by gas chromatography (GC). This process is time-consuming, labor intensive and is not suitable for analysis of small sample sizes or large numbers. A rapid and efficient method for monitoring oil accumulation in algae using high performance liquid chromatography for separation of all lipid classes combined with detection by evaporative light scattering (HPLC–ELSD) was developed and compared to the conventional TLC/GC method. TAG accumulation in two Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (21 gr and CC503) and three Chlorella strains (UTEX 1230, CS01 and UTEX 2229) grown under conditions of nitrogen depletion was measured. The TAG levels were found to be 3–6 % DW (Chlamydomonas strains) and 7–12 % DW (Chlorella strains) respectively by both HPLC–ELSD and TLC/GC methods. HPLC–ELSD resolved the major lipid classes such as carotenoids, TAG, diacylglycerol (DAG), free fatty acids, phospholipids, and galactolipids in a 15-min run. Quantitation of TAG content was based on comparison to calibration curves of trihexadecanoin (16:0 TAG) and trioctadecadienoin (18:2 TAG) and showed linearity from 0.2 to 10 μg. Algal TAG levels >0.5 μg/g DW were detectable by this method. Furthermore TAG content in Chlorella kessleri UTEX 2229 could be detected. TAG as well as DAG and TAG content were estimated at 1.6 % DW by HPLC–ELSD, while it was undetectable by TLC/GC method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Kobayashi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 1901 Vine Street, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
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Combining chromatography and chemometrics for the characterization and authentication of fats and oils from triacylglycerol compositional data—A review. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 724:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Revised: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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24
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Tree nut phytochemicals: composition, antioxidant capacity, bioactivity, impact factors. A systematic review of almonds, Brazils, cashews, hazelnuts, macadamias, pecans, pine nuts, pistachios and walnuts. Nutr Res Rev 2011; 24:244-75. [PMID: 22153059 DOI: 10.1017/s095442241100014x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Tree nuts contain an array of phytochemicals including carotenoids, phenolic acids, phytosterols and polyphenolic compounds such as flavonoids, proanthocyanidins (PAC) and stilbenes, all of which are included in nutrient databases, as well as phytates, sphingolipids, alkylphenols and lignans, which are not. The phytochemical content of tree nuts can vary considerably by nut type, genotype, pre- and post-harvest conditions, as well as storage conditions. Genotype affects phenolic acids, flavonoids, stilbenes and phytosterols, but data are lacking for many other phytochemical classes. During the roasting process, tree nut isoflavones, flavanols and flavonols were found to be more resistant to heat than the anthocyanins, PAC and trans-resveratrol. The choice of solvents used for extracting polyphenols and phytosterols significantly affects their quantification, and studies validating these methods for tree nut phytochemicals are lacking. The phytochemicals found in tree nuts have been associated with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, antiviral, chemopreventive and hypocholesterolaemic actions, all of which are known to affect the initiation and progression of several pathogenic processes. While tree nut phytochemicals are bioaccessible and bioavailable in humans, the number of intervention trials conducted to date is limited. The objectives of the present review are to summarise tree nut: (1) phytochemicals; (2) phytochemical content included in nutrient databases and current publications; (3) phytochemicals affected by pre- and post-harvest conditions and analytical methodology; and (4) bioactivity and health benefits in humans.
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Ishida N. Expanded separation technique for chlorophyll metabolites in Oriental tobacco leaf using non aqueous reversed phase chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:5810-8. [PMID: 21782189 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.06.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2011] [Revised: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An improved separation method for chlorophyll metabolites in Oriental tobacco leaf was developed. While Oriental leaf still gives the green color even after the curing process, little attention has been paid to the detailed composition of the remaining green pigments. This study aimed to identify the green pigments using non aqueous reversed phase chromatography (NARPC). To this end, liquid chromatograph (LC) equipped with a photo diode array detector (DAD) and an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization/mass spectrometer (APCI/MSD) was selected, because it is useful for detecting low polar non-volatile compounds giving green color such as pheophytin a. Identification was based on the wavelength spectrum, mass spectrum and retention time, comparing the analytes in Oriental leaf with the commercially available and synthesized components. Consequently, several chlorophyll metabolites such as hydroxypheophytin a, solanesyl pheophorbide a and solanesyl hydroxypheophorbide a were newly identified, in addition to typical green pigments such as chlorophyll a and pheophytin a. Chlorophyll metabolites bound to solanesol were considered the tobacco specific components. NARPC expanded the number of detectable low polar chlorophyll metabolites in Oriental tobacco leaf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Ishida
- Tobacco Science Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 6-2, Umegaoka, Yokohama, Kanagawa 227-8512, Japan.
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26
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27
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Ishida N. A novel method for analyzing solanesyl esters in tobacco leaves using atmospheric pressure chemical ionization/mass spectrometer. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:5794-801. [PMID: 20691974 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2010] [Revised: 06/30/2010] [Accepted: 07/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A direct and simple method for analyzing solanesyl esters found in tobacco leaves was developed. Sample preparation was performed by accelerated solvent extractor 200 (ASE200) using n-hexane followed by evaporating solution in vacuo and dissolving residue with acetone. The separation of analytes was conducted through high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) equipped with an SIL-C18/5C column and the non-aqueous reversed phase chromatography (NARP) technique using acetone and acetonitrile as the mobile phase with a linear gradient. Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization/mass spectrometer (APCI/MS) in positive mode was used to detect solanesyl esters in the following conditions: capillary voltage 4000 V, corona current 10 microA, drying gas flow 5 mL/min, fragmentor voltage 200 V, nebulizer pressure 60 psi, and vaporizer temperature 500 degrees C. Each solanesyl ester was identified by the comparison of analyte with synthesized solanesyl esters. Quantification was conducted by selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode in order to detect the specific product ion (613.6 m/z) fragmented from solanesyl ester. The calibration curve was made in the range of 0.1-40 microg/mL with a regression coefficient over 0.999 on almost all solanesyl esters. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) ranged from 0.01 to 0.05 microg/mL and from 0.03 to 0.15 microg/mL, respectively, on the SIM mode of MS for quantification. Recovery (%) ranged from about 80 to 120%. The direct quantification using the developed method succeeded in showing a different amount and composition of solanesyl esters among various tobacco leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Ishida
- Tobacco Science Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 6-2 Umegaoka, Aoba-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 227-8512, Japan.
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28
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Martínez ML, Labuckas DO, Lamarque AL, Maestri DM. Walnut (Juglans regia L.): genetic resources, chemistry, by-products. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2010; 90:1959-67. [PMID: 20586084 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.4059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Walnut (Juglans regia L.) is the most widespread tree nut in the world. There is a great diversity of genotypes differing in forestry, productivity, physical and chemical nut traits. Some of them have been evaluated as promising and may serve as germplasm sources for breeding. The nutritional importance of the nut is related to the seed (kernel). It is a nutrient-dense food mainly owing to its oil content (up to 740 g kg(-1) in some commercial varieties), which can be extracted easily by screw pressing and consumed without refining. Walnut oil composition is dominated largely by unsaturated fatty acids (mainly linoleic together with lesser amounts of oleic and linolenic acids). Minor components of walnut oil include tocopherols, phospholipids, sphingolipids, sterols, hydrocarbons and volatile compounds. Phenolic compounds, present at high levels in the seed coat but poorly extracted with the oil, have been extensively characterised and found to possess strong antioxidant properties. The oil extraction residue is rich in proteins (unusually high in arginine, glutamic and aspartic acids) and has been employed in the formulation of various functional food products. This review describes current scientific knowledge concerning walnut genetic resources and composition as well as by-product obtainment and characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela L Martínez
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV, CONICET-UNC), Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos (ICTA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales (FCEFyN-UNC), Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1611, X5016GCA Córdoba, Argentina
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29
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Zeb A, Murkovic M. Analysis of triacylglycerols in refined edible oils by isocratic HPLC-ESI-MS. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201000064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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30
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Bada JC, León-Camacho M, Prieto M, Copovi P, Alonso L. Characterization of Walnut Oils (Juglans regia L.) from Asturias, Spain. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-010-1629-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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31
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Suman M, Silva G, Catellani D, Bersellini U, Caffarra V, Careri M. Determination of food emulsifiers in commercial additives and food products by liquid chromatography/atmospheric-pressure chemical ionisation mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:3758-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.02.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2008] [Revised: 02/11/2009] [Accepted: 02/13/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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32
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Barreira JCM, Casal S, Ferreira ICFR, Oliveira MBPP, Pereira JA. Nutritional, fatty acid and triacylglycerol profiles of Castanea sativa Mill. cultivars: a compositional and chemometric approach. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:2836-2842. [PMID: 19334758 DOI: 10.1021/jf803754u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Four Portuguese chestnut cultivars from the "Castanha da Terra Fria" protected designation of origin were selected: Aveleira, Boa Ventura, Judia and Longal. The nutritional parameters (moisture, fat, protein, carbohydrates, ash and energy) as well as fibers (neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, acid detergent lignin and cellulose) were characterized. Moisture was the major component followed by carbohydrates, protein and fat, resulting in an energetic value lower than 195 kcal/100 g of fresh fruit. In order to find significant differences among cultivars, the lipidic fraction was studied in detail. Fatty acids (FA) were determined by gas-liquid chromatography with flame ionization detection, revealing a clear prevalence of C18:1 and C18:2, two FA very well-known due to their beneficial effects on human health, e.g., in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. A triacylglycerols (TAG) profile was obtained by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with evaporative light-scattering detection. TAG analysis is very important because it furnishes highly specific information due to genetic control of the stereospecific distribution of FA on the glycerol molecule. OLL, PLL, OOL and POL were the major compounds. As far as we know this is the first complete characterization of TAG in chestnut. The obtained data were screened through an analysis of variance (to evaluate the accuracy of the method as well as the uniformity of results for each cultivar) and a discriminant analysis (DA), which gave good results, once that, in some cases, the four cultivars were clustered in four individual groups, obtained through the definition of two DA dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- João C M Barreira
- CIMO-Escola Superior Agraria, Instituto Politecnico de Braganca, Campus de Sta. Apolonia, Apartado 1172, 5301-855 Braganca, Portugal
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VERARDO VITO, BENDINI ALESSANDRA, CERRETANI LORENZO, MALAGUTI DONATELLA, COZZOLINO EUGENIO, CABONI MARIAFIORENZA. CAPILLARY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY ANALYSIS OF LIPID COMPOSITION AND EVALUATION OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS BY MICELLAR ELECTROKINETIC CHROMATOGRAPHY IN ITALIAN WALNUT (JUGLANS REGIAL.): IRRIGATION AND FERTILIZATION INFLUENCE. J FOOD QUALITY 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4557.2009.00249.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Bail S, Stuebiger G, Unterweger H, Buchbauer G, Krist S. Characterization of volatile compounds and triacylglycerol profiles of nut oils using SPME-GC-MS and MALDI-TOF-MS. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.200800007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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35
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Pereira JA, Oliveira I, Sousa A, Ferreira ICFR, Bento A, Estevinho L. Bioactive properties and chemical composition of six walnut (Juglans regia L.) cultivars. Food Chem Toxicol 2008; 46:2103-11. [PMID: 18334279 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2008.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2008] [Revised: 01/30/2008] [Accepted: 02/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The chemical composition, antioxidant potential and antimicrobial activity were studied in six walnuts (Juglans regia L.) cultivars (cv. Franquette, Lara, Marbot, Mayette, Mellanaise and Parisienne) produced in Portugal. Concerning their chemical composition the main constituent of fruits was fat ranging from 78.83% to 82.14%, being the nutritional value around 720kcal per 100g of fruits. Linoleic acid was the major fatty acid reaching the maximum value of 60.30% (cv. Lara) followed by oleic, linolenic and palmitic acids. The aqueous extracts of walnut cultivars were investigated by the reducing power assay, the scavenging effect on DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radicals and beta-carotene linoleate model system. All the walnut extracts exhibited antioxidant capacity in a concentration-dependent manner being the lowest EC(50) values obtained with extracts of cv. Parisienne. Their antimicrobial capacity was also checked against gram positive (Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus) and gram negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae) and fungi (Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans), revealing activity against the different tested microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Alberto Pereira
- CIMO/Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus Sta Apolónia, Apartado 1 172, 5301-855 Bragança, Portugal.
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36
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Momchilova S, Nikolova‐Damyanova B. Quantitative TLC and Gas Chromatography Determination of the Lipid Composition of Raw and Microwaved Roasted Walnuts, Hazelnuts, and Almonds. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070701451647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Momchilova
- a Institute of Organic Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences , Sofia, Bulgaria
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37
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Amaral JS, Casal S, Seabra RM, Oliveira BPP. Effects of roasting on hazelnut lipids. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2006; 54:1315-21. [PMID: 16478254 DOI: 10.1021/jf052287v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The effect of roasting on some nutritional characteristics of hazelnut lipidic fraction was investigated. Hazelnuts (Corylus avellana L.) were submitted to several different thermal treatments, comprising different temperatures (125-200 degrees C) and times of exposure (5, 15, and 30 min) and analyzed for their moisture and crude fat. Raw and roasted hazelnuts were also analyzed for their compositions in phytosterols and fatty acids (including trans isomers) by GC-FID, triacylglycerols by HPLC-ELSD, and tocopherols and tocotrienols by HPLC-DAD/fluorescence spectroscopy. Minor changes occurred in the fatty acid and triacylglycerol compositions. As temperatures and roasting periods increased, generally, a modest increase of oleic and saturated fatty acids and a decrease of linoleic acid, expressed as relative percentages, occurred. Similarly, an increase of triacylglycerols containing oleic acid moieties and a decrease of those containing linoleic acid moieties were found in the roasted samples. Roasting caused a modest decrease of the beneficial phytosterols (maximum 14.4%) and vitamin E homologues (maximum 10.0%) and a negligible increase of the trans fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana S Amaral
- REQUIMTE, Serviços de Farmacognosia and Bromatologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, R. Aníbal Cunha 164, 4030-099 Porto, Portugal
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Amaral JS, Cunha SC, Santos A, Alves MR, Seabra RM, Oliveira BPP. Influence of Cultivar and Environmental Conditions on the Triacylglycerol Profile of Hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2006; 54:449-56. [PMID: 16417303 DOI: 10.1021/jf052133f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The oil of several hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) samples was extracted and evaluated for their triacylglycerol (TAG) composition. Trials were conducted in two Portuguese localities (Vila Real and Felgueiras) during three consecutive years and involved a total of 19 cultivars. The samples were analyzed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with evaporative light-scattering detection. Sample preparation was fast and simple, consisting only of the dissolution of the oil in acetone, homogenization, and filtration, allowing this technique to be suitable for routine analyses. All samples presented a similar qualitative profile composed of eleven compounds: LLL, OLL, PLL, OOL, POL, PPL, OOO, POO, PPO, SOO and PSO (P, palmitoyl; S, stearoyl; O, oleoyl; and L, linoleoyl). The main components were OOO, LOO, and POO, reflecting the high content of oleic acid in hazelnut oils. A total of 79 different samples were studied, and the obtained data were statistically analyzed. Significant differences were verified in canonical variate plots when cultivars were grouped by country of origin. In general, the American cultivars were richer in TAGs with saturated fatty acids moieties, and the group of French, German, and English cultivars was richer in TAGs containing linoleic acid moieties. Differences were also significant when cultivars were grouped by year of production, showing that besides genetic factors, the TAG composition can be influenced by environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana S Amaral
- REQUIMTE, Serviços de Farmacognosia and Bromatologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, R. Aníbal Cunha, 164, 4050-047 Porto, Portugal
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Amaral JS, Alves MR, Seabra RM, Oliveira BPP. Vitamin E composition of walnuts (Juglans regia L.): a 3-year comparative study of different cultivars. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2005; 53:5467-72. [PMID: 15969535 DOI: 10.1021/jf050342u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The tocopherol and tocotrienol composition of walnuts (Juglans regia L.) was determined for nine cultivars (cvs. Arco, Franquette, Hartley, Lara, Marbot, Mayette, Mellanaise, Parisienne, and Rego). Walnuts were harvested over three consecutive years from two different geographical origins (Bragança and Coimbra, Portugal), for a total of 26 samples. The methodology employed was a normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a series arrangement of a diode array detector followed by a fluorescence detector, allowing the simultaneous analysis of all tocopherols and tocotrienols. The analyses showed that all samples presented a similar qualitative profile composed of five compounds: alpha-tocopherol, beta-tocopherol, gamma-tocopherol, delta-tocopherol, and gamma-tocotrienol. gamma-Tocopherol was the major compound in all samples, ranging from 172.6 to 262.0 mg/kg, followed by alpha- and delta-tocopherols, ranging from 8.7 to 16.6 mg/kg and from 8.2 to 16.9 mg/kg, respectively. Multivariate analysis of the data obtained showed the existence of significant differences in composition among cultivars. These differences were also significant when cultivars were grouped by year of production, showing that besides genetic factors, the vitamin E composition was influenced by environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana S Amaral
- REQUIMTE, Serviços de Farmacognosia and Bromatologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
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