1
|
Kua GKB, Nguyen GKT, Li Z. Enzymatic Strategies for the Biosynthesis of N-Acyl Amino Acid Amides. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202300672. [PMID: 38051126 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Amide bond-containing biomolecules are functionally significant and useful compounds with diverse applications. For example, N-acyl amino acids (NAAAs) are an important class of lipoamino acid amides with extensive use in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. Their conventional chemical synthesis involves the use of toxic chlorinating agents for carboxylic acid activation. Enzyme-catalyzed biotransformation for the green synthesis of these amides is therefore highly desirable. Here, we review a range of enzymes suitable for the synthesis of NAAA amides and their strategies adopted in carboxylic acid activation. Generally, ATP-dependent enzymes for NAAA biosynthesis are acyl-adenylating enzymes that couple the hydrolysis of phosphoanhydride bond in ATP with the formation of an acyl-adenylate intermediate. In contrast, ATP-independent enzymes involve hydrolases such as lipases or aminoacylases, which rely on the transient activation of the carboxylic acid. This occurs either through an acyl-enzyme intermediate or by favorable interactions with surrounding residues to anchor the acyl donor in a suitable orientation for the incoming amine nucleophile. Recently, the development of an alternative pathway involving ester-amide interconversion has unraveled another possible strategy for amide formation through esterification-aminolysis cascade reactions, potentially expanding the substrate scope for enzymes to catalyze the synthesis of a diverse range of NAAA amides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Glen Kai Bin Kua
- Wilmar International Limited, 28 Biopolis Road, Singapore, 138568
| | | | - Zhi Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kanprakobkit W, Wichai U, Bunyapraphatsara N, Kielar F. Isolation of Fatty Acids from the Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Capsaicinoids and Their Use in Enzymatic Acidolysis of Coconut Oil. J Oleo Sci 2023; 72:1097-1111. [PMID: 37989304 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess23112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein we report the optimization of enzymatic hydrolysis of a mixture of capsaicinoids, capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin obtained from chili peppers, and the utilization of the isolated fatty acids for the modification of coconut oil using enzyme catalyzed acidolysis. This work was carried out as the fatty acids that can be isolated from capsaicinoid hydrolysis have been shown to possess interesting biological properties. These biological properties could be better exploited by incorporating the fatty acids into a suitable delivery vehicle. The enzymatic hydrolysis of the mixture of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin was carried out using Novozym® 435 in phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) at 50℃. The enzyme catalyst could be reused in multiple cycles of the hydrolysis reaction. The desired 8-methyl-6-trans-nonenoic acid and 8-methylnonanoic acid were isolated from the hydrolysis reaction mixture using a simple extraction procedure with a 47.8% yield. This was carried out by first extracting the reaction mixture at pH 10 with ethyl acetate to remove any dissolved capsaicinoids and vanillyl amine side product. The fatty acids were isolated after adjustment of the pH of the reaction mixture to 5 and second extraction with ethyl acetate. The acidolysis of coconut oil with the obtained fatty acids was performed using Lipozyme® TL IM. The performance of the acidolysis reaction was evaluated using 1H-NMR spectroscopy and verified in selected cases using gas chromatography. The best performing conditions involved carrying out the acidolysis reaction at 60℃ with a 1.2 w/w ratio of the fatty acids to coconut oil and 10% enzyme loading for 72 h. This resulted in the incorporation of 26.61% and 9.86% of 8-methyl-6-trans-nonenoic acid and 8-methylnonanoic acid, respectively, into the modified coconut oil product. This product can act as a potential delivery vehicle for these interesting compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Winranath Kanprakobkit
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence in Biomaterials, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University
| | - Uthai Wichai
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence in Biomaterials, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University
| | | | - Filip Kielar
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence in Biomaterials, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kua GKB, Nguyen GKT, Li Z. Enzyme Engineering for High-Yielding Amide Formation: Lipase-Catalyzed Synthesis of N-Acyl Glycines in Aqueous Media. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217878. [PMID: 36748100 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Amide syntheses remain a key challenging green chemistry reaction. For instance, green synthesis of N-acyl glycines as biosurfactants and therapeutics is highly desirable to replace chemical pathways using toxic phosgene. Herein, we report a novel concept for enzymatic amidation in an aqueous system via glycerol activation of fatty acids and theirsubsequent aminolysis with glycine to synthesize N-acyl glycines. We then engineer an enzyme (proRML) by reshaping its catalytic pocket to enhance its aminolysis activity and catalytic efficiency by 103-fold and 465-fold, respectively. The evolved proRML (D156S/L258K/L267N/S83D/L58K/R86K/W88V) catalyzed the amidation of a fatty acid with glycine to give N-lauroylglycine with high yield (80 %). It accepts a broad range of medium- to long-chain fatty acids (C8 -C18 ), giving high yields of N-decanoyl-, N-myristoyl-, and N-oleoylglycine. The developed amidation concept may be general, and the engineered enzyme is useful for the green synthesis of N-acyl glycines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Glen Kai Bin Kua
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
- Wilmar International Limited, 28 Biopolis, Singapore, 138568, Singapore
| | | | - Zhi Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yeast Lipid Produced through Glycerol Conversions and Its Use for Enzymatic Synthesis of Amino Acid-Based Biosurfactants. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010714. [PMID: 36614154 PMCID: PMC9820740 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to obtain microbial lipids (single-cell oils and SCOs) from oleaginous yeast cultivated on biodiesel-derived glycerol and subsequently proceed to the enzymatic synthesis of high-value biosurfactant-type molecules in an aqueous medium, with SCOs implicated as acyl donors (ADs). Indeed, the initial screening of five non-conventional oleaginous yeasts revealed that the most important lipid producer was the microorganism Cryptococcus curvatus ATCC 20509. SCO production was optimised according to the nature of the nitrogen source and the initial concentration of glycerol (Glyc0) employed in the medium. Lipids up to 50% w/w in dry cell weight (DCW) (SCOmax = 6.1 g/L) occurred at Glyc0 ≈ 70 g/L (C/N ≈ 80 moles/moles). Thereafter, lipids were recovered and were subsequently used as ADs in the N-acylation reaction catalysed by aminoacylases produced from Streptomyces ambofaciens ATCC 23877 under aqueous conditions, while Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) was used as a reference enzyme. Aminoacylases revealed excellent activity towards the synthesis of acyl-lysine only when free fatty acids (FAs) were used as the AD, and the rare regioselectivity in the α-amino group, which has a great impact on the preservation of the functional side chains of any amino acids or peptides. Aminoacylases presented higher α-oleoyl-lysine productivity and final titer (8.3 g/L) with hydrolysed SCO than with hydrolysed vegetable oil. The substrate specificity of both enzymes towards the three main FAs found in SCO was studied, and a new parameter was defined, viz., Specificity factor (Sf), which expresses the relative substrate specificity of an enzyme towards a FA present in a FA mixture. The Sf value of aminoacylases was the highest with palmitic acid in all cases tested, ranging from 2.0 to 3.0, while that of CALB was with linoleic acid (0.9-1.5). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that a microbial oil has been successfully used as AD for biosurfactant synthesis. This bio-refinery approach illustrates the concept of a state-of-the-art combination of enzyme and microbial technology to produce high-value biosurfactants through environmentally friendly and economically sound processes.
Collapse
|
5
|
Deng Y, Wang Y, Huo X, Deng S, Jin L, Zhang H, Yu Z, Ning J, Ma X, Wang C. Microbial transformation of capsaicin by several human intestinal fungi and their inhibitory effects against lysine-specific demethylase 1. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 202:113365. [PMID: 35940425 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Capsaicin widely exists in the Capsicum genus (e.g., hot peppers) and is commonly used as a food additive or medicinal material. In this work, microbial transformation of capsaicin was performed based on the three cultivated human intestinal fungi. Fourteen metabolites were obtained, and their chemical structures were elucidated by spectroscopic data analysis, including 13 compounds with undescribed structures. Hydroxylation, lactylation, succinylation, citric acylation, and acetylation were observed for these microbial metabolites derived from capsaicin, which indicated diverse catalytic characteristics of human intestinal fungi. In an in vitro bioassay, four metabolites and capsaicin inhibited the activity of lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) with a more than 70% inhibitory rate at 10 μM. In particular, 9,5'-dihydroxycapsaicin displayed the strongest inhibitory effect with an IC50 of 1.52 μM. Therefore, capsaicin analogs displayed potential application as LSD1 inhibitors against the invasion and migration of cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Deng
- College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaokui Huo
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Sa Deng
- College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Houli Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenlong Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Ning
- College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaochi Ma
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chao Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bhandari S, Bisht KS, Merkler DJ. The Biosynthesis and Metabolism of the N-Acylated Aromatic Amino Acids: N-Acylphenylalanine, N-Acyltyrosine, N-Acyltryptophan, and N-Acylhistidine. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 8:801749. [PMID: 35047560 PMCID: PMC8762209 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.801749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The fatty acid amides are a family of lipids composed of two chemical moieties, a fatty acid and a biogenic amine linked together in an amide bond. This lipid family is structurally related to the endocannabinoid anandamide (N-arachidonoylethanolamine) and, thus, is frequently referred to as a family of endocannabinoid-related lipids. The fatty acid amide family is divided into different classes based on the conjugate amine; anandamide being a member of the N-acylethanolamine class (NAE). Another class within the fatty acid amide family is the N-acyl amino acids (NA-AAs). The focus of this review is a sub-class of the NA-AAs, the N-acyl aromatic amino acids (NA-ArAAs). The NA-ArAAs are not broadly recognized, even by those interested in the endocannabinoids and endocannabinoid-related lipids. Herein, the NA-ArAAs that have been identified from a biological source will be highlighted and pathways for their biosynthesis, degradation, enzymatic modification, and transport will be presented. Also, information about the cellular functions of the NA-ArAAs will be placed in context with the data regarding the identification and metabolism of these N-acylated amino acids. A review of the current state-of-knowledge about the NA-ArAAs is to stimulate future research about this underappreciated sub-class of the fatty acid amide family.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzeeta Bhandari
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Kirpal S Bisht
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - David J Merkler
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Functional and Phylogenetic Diversity of BSH and PVA Enzymes. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9040732. [PMID: 33807488 PMCID: PMC8066178 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9040732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bile salt hydrolase (BSH) and penicillin V acylase (PVA) are related enzymes that are classified as choloylglycine hydrolases (CGH). BSH enzymes have attracted significant interest for their ability to modulate the composition of the bile acid pool, alter bile acid signaling events mediated by the host bile acid receptors FXR and TGR5 and influence cholesterol homeostasis in the host, while PVA enzymes have been widely utilised in an industrial capacity in the production of semi-synthetic antibiotics. The similarities between BSH and PVA enzymes suggest common evolution of these enzymes and shared mechanisms for substrate binding and catalysis. Here, we compare BSH and PVA through analysis of the distribution, phylogeny and biochemistry of these microbial enzymes. The development of new annotation approaches based upon functional enzyme analyses and the potential implications of BSH enzymes for host health are discussed.
Collapse
|
8
|
Enzymatic synthesis of N-10-undecenoyl-phenylalanine catalysed by aminoacylases from Streptomyces ambofaciens. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
9
|
Bourkaib MC, Delaunay S, Framboisier X, Hôtel L, Aigle B, Humeau C, Guiavarc'h Y, Chevalot I. N-acylation of L-amino acids in aqueous media: Evaluation of the catalytic performances of Streptomyces ambofaciens aminoacylases. Enzyme Microb Technol 2020; 137:109536. [PMID: 32423673 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2020.109536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
N-acylated amino acids are widely used as surfactants and/or actives in cosmetics and household formulations. Their industrial production is based on the use of the Schotten-Baumann chemical and unselective reaction. Faced to the growing demand for greener production processes, selective enzymatic synthesis in more environment-friendly conditions starts to be considered as a potential alternative. This study concerns the use of the aminoacylases from Streptomyces ambofaciens to selectively catalyse aminoacid acylation reaction by fatty acids in aqueous medium. The results demonstrated that, when using undecylenoic acid as acyl donor, these aminoacylases properly catalyse the acylation of 14 of the 20 proteogenic l-amino acids tested on their α amino group with a great variability depending on the nature of the amino acid (polar or not, positively/negatively charged, aromatic or not…). More precisely, the following 9 amino acids were shown to be preferentially acylated by S. ambofaciens aminoacylases as follows: lysine > arginine > leucine > methionine > phenylalanine > valine > cysteine > isoleucine > threonine. Different fatty acids were used as acyl donors and, in most cases, the fatty acid length influenced the conversion yield. The kinetic study of α-lauroy-lysine synthesis showed a positive influence of lysine concentration with Vmax and Km of 3.7 mM/h and 76 mM, respectively. Besides, the lauric acid had an inhibitory effect on the reaction with Ki of 70 mM. The addition of cobalt to the reaction medium led to a more than six-fold increase of the reaction rate. These results, achieved with the aminoacylases from S. ambofaciens represent an improved enzyme-based N-acylated amino acids production in order to provide an alternative way to the Schotten-Baumann chemical reaction currently used in the industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Chafik Bourkaib
- LRGP, UMR 7274 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye, TSA 40602, F-54518, VANDŒUVRE CEDEX, France
| | - Stephane Delaunay
- LRGP, UMR 7274 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye, TSA 40602, F-54518, VANDŒUVRE CEDEX, France
| | - Xavier Framboisier
- LRGP, UMR 7274 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye, TSA 40602, F-54518, VANDŒUVRE CEDEX, France
| | | | | | - Catherine Humeau
- LRGP, UMR 7274 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye, TSA 40602, F-54518, VANDŒUVRE CEDEX, France
| | - Yann Guiavarc'h
- LRGP, UMR 7274 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye, TSA 40602, F-54518, VANDŒUVRE CEDEX, France
| | - Isabelle Chevalot
- LRGP, UMR 7274 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye, TSA 40602, F-54518, VANDŒUVRE CEDEX, France.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fungal Seed Pathogens of Wild Chili Peppers Possess Multiple Mechanisms To Tolerate Capsaicinoids. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:AEM.01697-19. [PMID: 31732572 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01697-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The wild chili pepper Capsicum chacoense produces the spicy defense compounds known as capsaicinoids, including capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin, which are antagonistic to the growth of fungal pathogens. Compared to other microbes, fungi isolated from infected seeds of C. chacoense possess much higher levels of tolerance of these spicy compounds, having their growth slowed but not entirely inhibited. Previous research has shown capsaicinoids inhibit microbes by disrupting ATP production by binding NADH dehydrogenase in the electron transport chain (ETC) and, thus, throttling oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Capsaicinoids may also disrupt cell membranes. Here, we investigate capsaicinoid tolerance in fungal seed pathogens isolated from C. chacoense We selected 16 fungal isolates from four ascomycete genera (Alternaria, Colletotrichum, Fusarium, and Phomopsis). Using relative growth rate as a readout for tolerance, fungi were challenged with ETC inhibitors to infer whether fungi possess alternative respiratory enzymes and whether effects on the ETC fully explained inhibition by capsaicinoids. In all isolates, we found evidence for at least one alternative NADH dehydrogenase. In many isolates, we also found evidence for an alternative oxidase. These data suggest that wild-plant pathogens may be a rich source of alternative respiratory enzymes. We further demonstrate that these fungal isolates are capable of the breakdown of capsaicinoids. Finally, we determine that the OXPHOS theory may describe a weak primary mechanism by which dihydrocapsaicin, but not capsaicin, slows fungal growth. Our findings suggest that capsaicinoids likely disrupt membranes, in addition to energy poisoning, with implications for microbiology and human health.IMPORTANCE Plants make chemical compounds to protect themselves. For example, chili peppers produce the spicy compound capsaicin to inhibit pathogen damage and animal feeding. In humans, capsaicin binds to a membrane channel protein, creating the sensation of heat, while in microbes, capsaicin limits energy production by binding respiratory enzymes. However, some data suggest that capsaicin also disrupts membranes. Here, we studied fungal pathogens (Alternaria, Colletotrichum, Fusarium, and Phomopsis) isolated from a wild chili pepper, Capsicum chacoense By measuring growth rates in the presence of antibiotics with known respiratory targets, we inferred that wild-plant pathogens might be rich in alternative respiratory enzymes. A zone of clearance around the colonies, as well as liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry data, further indicated that these fungi can break down capsaicin. Finally, the total inhibitory effect of capsaicin was not fully explained by its effect on respiratory enzymes. Our findings lend credence to studies proposing that capsaicin may disrupt cell membranes, with implications for microbiology, as well as human health.
Collapse
|
11
|
Takakura Y, Asano Y. Purification, characterization, and gene cloning of a novel aminoacylase from Burkholderia sp. strain LP5_18B that efficiently catalyzes the synthesis of N-lauroyl-l-amino acids. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2019; 83:1964-1973. [PMID: 31200632 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1630255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
An N-lauroyl-l-phenylalanine-producing bacterium, identified as Burkholderia sp. strain LP5_18B, was isolated from a soil sample. The enzyme was purified from the cell-free extract of the strain and shown to catalyze degradation and synthesis activities toward various N-acyl-amino acids. N-lauroyl-l-phenylalanine and N-lauroyl-l-arginine were obtained with especially high yields (51% and 89%, respectively) from lauric acid and l-phenylalanine or l-arginine by the purified enzyme in an aqueous system. The gene encoding the novel aminoacylase was cloned from Burkholderia sp. strain LP5_18B and expressed in Escherichia coli. The gene contains an open reading frame of 1,323 nucleotides. The deduced protein sequence encoded by the gene has approximately 80% amino acid identity to several hydratase of Burkholderia. The addition of zinc sulfate increased the aminoacylase activity of the recombinant E. coli strain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuaki Takakura
- Research Institute for Bioscience Product & Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc ., Kawasaki , Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Asano
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University , Toyama , Japan.,Asano Active Enzyme Molecule Project, ERATO, JST , Toyama , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Dettori L, Ferrari F, Framboisier X, Paris C, Guiavarc'h Y, Hôtel L, Aymes A, Leblond P, Humeau C, Kapel R, Chevalot I, Aigle B, Delaunay S. An aminoacylase activity from Streptomyces ambofaciens catalyzes the acylation of lysine on α-position and peptides on N-terminal position. Eng Life Sci 2018; 18:589-599. [PMID: 32624939 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201700173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of aminoacylase activities was investigated in a crude extract of Streptomyces ambofaciens ATCC23877. First activities catalyzing the hydrolysis of N-α or ε-acetyl-L-lysine were identified. Furthermore, the acylation of lysine and different peptides was studied and compared with results obtained with lipase B of Candida antarctica (CALB). Different regioselectivities were demonstrated for the two classes of enzymes. CALB was able to catalyze acylation only on the ε-position whereas the crude extract from S. ambofaciens possessed the rare ability to catalyze the N-acylation on the α-position of the lysine or of the amino-acid in N-terminal position of peptides. Two genes, SAM23877_1485 and SAM23877_1734, were identified in the genome of Streptomyces ambofaciens ATCC23877 whose products show similarities with the previously identified aminoacylases from Streptomyces mobaraensis. The proteins encoded by these two genes were responsible for the major aminoacylase hydrolytic activities. Furthermore, we show that the hydrolysis of N-α-acetyl-L-lysine could be attributed to the product of SAM23877_1734 gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Cédric Paris
- Université de Lorraine Plateau d'Analyse Structurale et Métabolomique Nancy France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lee M, Cho JY, Lee YG, Lee HJ, Lim SI, Park SL, Moon JH. Bioconversion of Capsaicin by Aspergillus oryzae. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:6102-6108. [PMID: 26072923 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b01730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study identified metabolites of capsaicin bioconverted by Aspergillus oryzae, which is generally used for mass production of gochujang prepared by fermenting red pepper powder in Korea. A. oryzae was incubated with capsaicin in potato dextrose broth. Capsaicin decreased depending on the incubation period, but new metabolites increased. Five capsaicin metabolites purified from the ethyl acetate fraction of the capsaicin culture were identified as N-vanillylcarbamoylbutyric acid, N-vanillyl-9-hydroxy-8-methyloctanamide, ω-hydroxycapsaicin, 8-methyl-N-vanillylcarbamoyl-6(E)-octenoic acid, and 2-methyl-N-vanillylcarbamoyl-6(Z)-octenoic acid by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS). The capsaicin metabolites in gochujang were confirmed and quantitated by selective multiple reaction monitoring detection after liquid chromatography electrospray ionization MS using the isolated compounds as external standards. On the basis of the structures of the capsaicin metabolites, it is proposed that capsaicin metabolites were converted by A. oryzae by ω-hydroxylation, alcohol oxidation, hydrogenation, isomerization, and α- and/or β-oxidation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Seong-Il Lim
- §Division of Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Baekhyun-Dong, Bundang-Ku, Sungnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 463-746, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Lim Park
- §Division of Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Baekhyun-Dong, Bundang-Ku, Sungnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 463-746, Republic of Korea
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Avinash VS, Pundle AV, Ramasamy S, Suresh CG. Penicillin acylases revisited: importance beyond their industrial utility. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2014; 36:303-16. [PMID: 25430891 DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2014.960359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
It is of great importance to study the physiological roles of enzymes in nature; however, in some cases, it is not easily apparent. Penicillin acylases are pharmaceutically important enzymes that cleave the acyl side chains of penicillins, thus paving the way for production of newer semi-synthetic antibiotics. They are classified according to the type of penicillin (G or V) that they preferentially hydrolyze. Penicillin acylases are also used in the resolution of racemic mixtures and peptide synthesis. However, it is rather unfortunate that the focus on the use of penicillin acylases for industrial applications has stolen the spotlight from the study of the importance of these enzymes in natural metabolism. The penicillin acylases, so far characterized from different organisms, show differences in their structural nature and substrate spectrum. These enzymes are also closely related to the bacterial signalling phenomenon, quorum sensing, as detailed in this review. This review details studies on biochemical and structural characteristics of recently discovered penicillin acylases. We also attempt to organize the available insights into the possible in vivo role of penicillin acylases and related enzymes and emphasize the need to refocus research efforts in this direction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vellore Sunder Avinash
- a Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National , National Chemical Laboratory , Pune , India
| | - Archana Vishnu Pundle
- a Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National , National Chemical Laboratory , Pune , India
| | - Sureshkumar Ramasamy
- a Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National , National Chemical Laboratory , Pune , India
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Koreishi M, Tani K, Ise Y, Imanaka H, Imamura K, Nakanishi K. Enzymatic Synthesis of β-Lactam Antibiotics andN-Fatty-Acylated Amino Compounds by the Acyl-Transfer Reaction Catalyzed by Penicillin V Acylase fromStreptomyces mobaraensis. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 71:1582-6. [PMID: 17587696 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.70052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Penicillin V acylase from Streptomyces mobaraensis (Sm-PVA) showed high acyl-transfer activity in reactions using methyl esters of carboxylic acid (acyl donor) and amino compounds (nucleophile), to produce the corresponding amides. Moreover, Sm-PVA had broad substrate specificity, as indicated by the fact that it catalyzed the efficient synthesis of beta-lactam antibiotics, capsaicin derivatives, and N-fatty-acyl-amino acid/N-fatty-acyl-peptide derivatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mayuko Koreishi
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Okayama University, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Anderson M, Afewerki S, Berglund P, Córdova A. Total Synthesis of Capsaicin Analogues from Lignin-Derived Compounds by Combined Heterogeneous Metal, Organocatalytic and Enzymatic Cascades in One Pot. Adv Synth Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201301148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
17
|
Abstract
Commercial products for personal care, generally perceived as cosmetics, have an important impact on everyday life worldwide. Accordingly, the market for both consumer products and specialty chemicals comprising their ingredients is considerable. Lipases have started to play a minor role as active ingredients in so-called 'functional cosmetics' as well as a major role as catalysts for the industrial production of various specialty esters, aroma compounds and active agents. Interestingly, both applications almost always require preparation by appropriate immobilisation techniques. In addition, for catalytic use special reactor concepts often have to be employed due to the mostly limited stability of these preparations. Nevertheless, these processes show distinct advantages based on process simplification, product quality and environmental footprint and are therefore apt to more and more replace traditional chemical processes. Here, for the first time a review on the various aspects of using immobilised lipases in the cosmetics industry is given.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marion B Ansorge-Schumacher
- Institute of Microbiology, Chair of Molecular Biotechnology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01262 Dresden, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Enzymatic hydrolysis of capsaicins for the production of vanillylamine using ECB deacylase from Actinoplanes utahensis. Food Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.06.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
19
|
Wardenga R, Lindner HA, Hollmann F, Thum O, Bornscheuer U. Increasing the synthesis/hydrolysis ratio of aminoacylase 1 by site-directed mutagenesis. Biochimie 2010; 92:102-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2009.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2009] [Accepted: 09/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
20
|
Wang B, Yang F, Shan YF, Qiu WW, Tang J. Highly efficient synthesis of capsaicin analogues by condensation of vanillylamine and acyl chlorides in a biphase H2O/CHCl3 system. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
21
|
Kumar A, Prabhune A, Suresh C, Pundle A. Characterization of smallest active monomeric penicillin V acylase from new source: A yeast, Rhodotorula aurantiaca (NCIM 3425). Process Biochem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2008.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
22
|
Zhang D, Koreishi M, Imanaka H, Imamura K, Nakanishi K. Cloning and characterization of penicillin V acylase from Streptomyces mobaraensis. J Biotechnol 2007; 128:788-800. [PMID: 17289203 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2006.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2006] [Revised: 12/14/2006] [Accepted: 12/22/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We report on the molecular cloning and characterization of penicillin V acylase (PVA) from an actinomycete, Streptomyces mobaraensis (Sm-PVA), which was originally isolated as an acylase that efficiently hydrolyzes the amide bond of various N-fatty-acyl-l-amino acids and N-fatty-acyl-peptides as well as capsaicin (8-methyl-N-vanillyl-6-nonenamide). In addition, the purified Sm-PVA hydrolyzed penicillin V with the highest activity (k(cat)) among the PVAs so far reported, penicillin G, and 2-nitro-5-phenoxyacetamide benzoic acid. The BLAST search revealed that the Sm-PVA precursor is composed of a polypeptide that is characteristic of enzymes belonging to the beta-lactam acylase family with four distinct segments; a signal sequence (43 amino acids), an alpha subunit (173 amino acids), a linker peptide (28 amino acids), and a beta subunit (570 amino acids). The mature, active Sm-PVA is a heterodimeric protein with alpha and beta subunits, in contrast to PVAs isolated from Bacillus sphaericus and B. subtilis, which have a homotetrameric structure. The amino acid sequence of Sm-PVA showed identities to PVA from S. lavendulae, N-acylhomoserine lactone-degrading acylase from Streptomyces sp., cyclic lipopeptide acylase from Streptomyces sp., and aculeacin A acylase from Actinoplanes utahensis with 68, 67, 67, and 41% identities, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Demin Zhang
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Okayama University, 3-1-1, Tsushima-Naka, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|