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Qualitative proteomic comparison of metabolic and CM-like protein fractions in old and modern wheat Italian genotypes by a shotgun approach. J Proteomics 2019; 211:103530. [PMID: 31629055 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.103530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The close relationship between diet and health is generally recognized and the growing wellness and consciousness, especially in developed countries, have led to increasing interest for old wheat genotypes, based on perceived health benefits. Although nutritional comparison between old and modern wheat varieties is still controversial, it is generally accepted that old wheat genotypes remained unchanged over the last hundred years. By contrast, modern wheat genotypes are derived by modification of old wheats during the so-called "Green-Revolution" in the second half of the 20th century focusing on obtaining properties in terms of higher grain yield. The present work reports the first comprehensive proteomic profiling and qualitative comparison at the molecular level of metabolic and Chloroform-Methanol (CM)-like protein fractions extracted from mature kernels of two old Sicilian durum wheat landraces, Russello and Timilia Reste Bianche, and Simeto, an improved durum wheat variety widespread in Italy and other Mediterranean countries and chosen as representative of the most widely commercial cultivars. The results obtained reveal that metabolic and CM-like protein fractions of old and modern genotypes present remarkably high similarity with only minor differences. This leads to the conclusion that from a food and nutritional perspective there is a substantial equivalence of the protein composition of the old and modern cultivars. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD014449. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE: In recent years consumers have shown growing interest in the old wheat genotypes, which are generally perceived more "natural" and healthier than modern ones. However, comparison of nutritional value for modern and old wheat varieties is still controversial suggesting further studies. In particular proteome analysis of old and modern wheat genotypes is currently ongoing with particular focus on gluten proteins, whereas the metabolic protein fraction has not yet been investigated. In the present study, we conducted a comprehensive proteomic profile and qualitative comparison at the molecular level of metabolic and Chloroform-Methanol (CM)-like protein fractions of the old Sicilian landraces Russello and Timilia Reste Bianche and the modern cultivar Simeto by applying a shotgun approach. The results reveal that the metabolic and CM-like protein fractions of old and modern genotypes are remarkably similar with only minor differences, leading to the conclusion that from a food and nutritional perspective there is a substantial equivalence of these cultivars. These results may contribute to improved understanding of the relationship between protein profiles of old wheat genotypes and their potential benefits for human consumption.
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Hammed AM, Simsek S. REVIEW: Hulled Wheats: A Review of Nutritional Properties and Processing Methods. Cereal Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1094/cchem-09-13-0179-rw] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ademola Monsur Hammed
- North Dakota State University, Department of Plant Sciences, P.O. Box 6050, Department 7670, Fargo, ND, 58105, U.S.A
- International Islamic University Malaysia, Biotechnology Engineering, Gombak, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Senay Simsek
- North Dakota State University, Department of Plant Sciences, P.O. Box 6050, Department 7670, Fargo, ND, 58105, U.S.A
- Corresponding author. Phone: (701) 231-7737. Fax: (701) 231-8474. E-mail:
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Vejvar E, Himly M, Briza P, Eichhorn S, Ebner C, Hemmer W, Ferreira F, Gadermaier G. Allergenic relevance of nonspecific lipid transfer proteins 2: Identification and characterization of Api g 6 from celery tuber as representative of a novel IgE-binding protein family. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 57:2061-70. [PMID: 23913675 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Apium graveolens represents a relevant food allergen source linked with severe systemic reactions. We sought to identify an IgE-binding nonspecific lipid transfer protein (nsLTP) in celery tuber. METHODS AND RESULTS A low molecular weight protein exclusively present in celery tuber was purified and designated Api g 6. The entire protein sequence was obtained by MS and classified as member of the nsLTP2 family. Api g 6 is monomeric in solution with a molecular mass of 6936 Da. The alpha-helical disulfide bond-stabilized structure confers tremendous thermal stability (Tm > 90°C) and high resistance to gastrointestinal digestion. Endolysosomal degradation demonstrated low susceptibility and the presence of a dominant peptide cluster at the C-terminus. Thirty-eight percent of A. graveolens allergic patients demonstrated IgE reactivity to purified natural Api g 6 in ELISA and heat treatment did only partially reduce its allergenic activity. No correlation in IgE binding and limited cross-reactivity was observed with Api g 2 and Art v 3, nsLTP1 from celery stalks and mugwort pollen. CONCLUSION Api g 6, a novel nsLTP2 from celery tuber represents the first well-characterized allergen in this protein family. Despite similar structural and physicochemical features as nsLTP1, immunological properties of Api g 6 are distinct which warrants its inclusion in molecule-based diagnosis of A. graveolens allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Vejvar
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Allergy Diagnosis and Therapy, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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Stanislava G. Barley Grain Non-specific Lipid-Transfer Proteins (ns-LTPs) in Beer Production and Quality. JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF BREWING 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/j.2050-0416.2007.tb00291.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Gao G, Jin LP, Xie KY, Qu DY. The potato StLTPa7 gene displays a complex Ca-associated pattern of expression during the early stage of potato-Ralstonia solanacearum interaction. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2009; 10:15-27. [PMID: 19161349 PMCID: PMC6640406 DOI: 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2008.00508.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Although nonspecific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs) are widely expressed during plant defence responses to pathogens, their functions and regulation are not fully understood. In this article, we report the isolation of a cDNA for the new nsLTP, StLTPa7, from cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum) infected with Ralstonia solanacearum. The cDNA was predicted to encode a type 1 nsLTP containing an N-terminal signal sequence and possessing the characteristic features of nsLTPs. A phylogenetic analysis showed that the encoded amino acid sequence of the nsLTP was similar to those of other previously reported plant nsLTPs, which contain a putative calmodulin-binding site consisting of approximately 12 highly conserved amino acid residues. The expression of the StLTPa7 gene was studied during the early stages of potato-R. solanacearum interaction using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Northern analyses, and a complex calcium (Ca2+)-associated pattern of expression was observed with the following features: (i) transcripts of the StLTPa7 gene were systemically up-regulated by infection with R. solanacearum; (ii) the StLTPa7 gene was stimulated by salicylic acid, methyl jasmonate, abscisic acid and Ca2+; (iii) qRT-PCR showed that, during the early stage of R. solanacearum infection, nsLTP transcripts accumulated over a time course that paralleled that of Ca2+ accumulation, detected using environmental scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDAX) spectrometry; and (iv) the Ca2+ channel blocker, ruthenium red, partially blocked R. solanacearum-induced StLTPa7 expression. This report represents the first use of EDAX analysis to establish a synchrony between Ca2+ accumulation and nsLTP expression in response to potato-R. solanacearum interactions. Collectively, these results suggest that StLTPa7 may be a pathogen- and Ca(2+)-responsive plant defence gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Gao
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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Oita S, Yokota S. Characterization of Anti-peptide Antibody for Wheat Nonspecific Lipid Transfer Protein 1. J JPN SOC FOOD SCI 2008. [DOI: 10.3136/nskkk.55.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Zoccatelli G, Dalla Pellegrina C, Consolini M, Fusi M, Sforza S, Aquino G, Dossena A, Chignola R, Peruffo A, Olivieri M, Rizzi C. Isolation and identification of two lipid transfer proteins in pomegranate (Punica granatum). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2007; 55:11057-11062. [PMID: 18038997 DOI: 10.1021/jf072644x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) are a family of low molecular mass (7-9 kDa) polypeptides, the members of which share 35-95% sequence homology. These proteins are widely distributed throughout the plant kingdom and are receiving attention for their biochemical characteristics and biological activity. LTPs are indeed studied in different research fields varying from allergy to food technology, and numerous molecules belonging to this class are progressively being identified and investigated. Proteins from pomegranate juice were fractioned by cation exchange chromatography and analyzed by SDS-PAGE. Two proteins were identified as putative LTPs on the basis of their molecular weights and their electrophoretic behaviors under reducing and nonreducing conditions. Finally, proteins were purified and characterized by mass spectrometry. This analysis confirmed that the two polypeptides are LTPs on the basis of an amino acid sequence common to LTPs from other plant sources and cysteine content. The two proteins, named LTP1a and LTP1b, showed similar molecular masses but different immunological profiles when immunodetected with rabbit antibodies specific for Pru p 3 and human IgE from a patient suffering from pomegranate allergy. The demonstration of the existence of two immunologically unrelated LTPs in pomegranate confirms the variability and the complexity of the plant LTP family. This should be taken into account when the role of these proteins as elicitors of allergies to fruits is investigated and could help to explain the contradictory literature data on pomegranate allergy.
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Lin P, Xia L, Wong JH, Ng TB, Ye X, Wang S, Xiangzhu S. Lipid transfer proteins from Brassica campestris and mung bean surpass mung bean chitinase in exploitability. J Pept Sci 2007; 13:642-8. [PMID: 17726719 PMCID: PMC7167883 DOI: 10.1002/psc.893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Antifungal peptides with a molecular mass of 9 kDa and an N-terminal sequence demonstrating remarkable similarity to those of nonspecific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs) were isolated from seeds of the vegetable Brassica campestris and the mung bean. The purified peptides exerted an inhibitory action on mycelial growth in various fungal species. The antifungal activity of Brassica and mung bean nsLTPs were thermostable, pH-stable, and stable after treatment with pepsin and trypsin. In contrast, the antifungal activity of mung bean chitinase was much less stable to changes in pH and temperature. Brassica LTP inhibited proliferation of hepatoma Hep G2 cells and breast cancer MCF 7 cells with an IC(50) of 5.8 and 1.6 microM, respectively, and the activity of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase with an IC(50) of 4 microM. However, mung bean LTP and chitinase were devoid of antiproliferative and HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitory activities. In contrast to the mung bean LTP, which exhibited antibacterial activity, Brassica LTP was inactive. All three antifungal peptides lacked mitogenic activity toward splenocytes. These results indicate that the two LTPs have more desirable activities than the chitinase and that there is a dissociation between the antifungal and other activities of these antifungal proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Lin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lixin Xia
- College of Life Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jack H. Wong
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - T. B. Ng
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiuyun Ye
- Institute of Biotechnology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shaoyun Wang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shi Xiangzhu
- Institute of Biotechnology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
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Fontanini D, Capocchi A, Muccilli V, Saviozzi F, Cunsolo V, Saletti R, Foti S, Galleschi L. Dimeric inhibitors of human salivary alpha-amylase from emmer (Triticum dicoccon Schrank) seeds. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2007; 55:10452-10460. [PMID: 18020408 DOI: 10.1021/jf071739w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The proteins belonging to the cereal trypsin/alpha-amylase inhibitor family are abundant water/salt-soluble flour proteins active against alpha-amylases from several seed parasites and pests and inactive against endogenous alpha-amylases. Three alpha-amylase inhibitor families have been described in cereals that vary in size and are differently expressed among Triticeae seeds. The present work investigates the presence of human salivary alpha-amylase inhibitors in emmer (Triticum dicoccon Schrank) flour. The isolation was obtained by a series of chromatography steps, and the purification progress was monitored through the inhibition of human salivary alpha-amylase activity. The purified fraction was subjected to protein sequencing by tandem mass spectrometry (MSMS) of the tryptic digests obtained after the sample separation on 2-DE. MSMS data indicated that the emmer alpha-amylase inhibitory fraction was composed of two newly identified proteins [emmer dimeric inhibitor 1 (EDI-1) and emmer dimeric inhibitor 2 (EDI-2)] sharing very high identity levels with related proteins from Triticum aestivum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Fontanini
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via L. Ghini 5, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
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Chae K, Zhang K, Zhang L, Morikis D, Kim ST, Mollet JC, de la Rosa N, Tan K, Lord EM. Two SCA (Stigma/Style Cysteine-rich Adhesin) Isoforms Show Structural Differences That Correlate with Their Levels of in Vitro Pollen Tube Adhesion Activity. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:33845-33858. [PMID: 17878166 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m703997200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Lily pollen tubes grow adhering to an extracellular matrix produced by the transmitting tract epidermis in a hollow style. SCA, a small ( approximately 9.4 kDa), basic protein plus low esterified pectin from this extracellular matrix are involved in the pollen tube adhesion event. The mode of action for this adhesion event is unknown. We partially separated three SCA isoforms from the lily stigma in serial size exclusion column fractions (SCA1, 9370 Da; SCA2, 9384 Da; SCA3, 9484 Da). Peptide sequencing analysis allowed us to determine two amino acid variations in SCA3, compared with SCA1. For SCA2, however, there are more sequence variations yet to be identified. Our structural homology and molecular dynamics modeling results show that SCA isoforms have the plant nonspecific lipid transfer protein-like structure: a globular shape of the orthogonal 4-helix bundle architecture, four disulfide bonds, an internal hydrophobic and solvent-inaccessible cavity, and a long C-terminal tail. The Ala(71) in SCA3, replacing the Gly(71) in SCA1, has no predictable effect on structure. The Arg(26) in SCA3, replacing the Gly(26) in SCA1, is predicted to cause structural changes that result in a significantly reduced volume for the internal hydrophobic cavity in SCA3. The volume of the internal cavity fluctuates slightly during the molecular dynamics simulation, but overall, SCA1 displays a larger cavity than SCA3. SCA1 displays higher activity than SCA3 in the in vitro pollen tube adhesion assay. No differences were found between the two SCAs in a binding assay with pectin. The larger size of the hydrophobic cavity in SCA1 correlates with its higher adhesion activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keun Chae
- Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California, Riverside, California, 92521; Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California, 92521
| | - Kangling Zhang
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of California, Riverside, California, 92521
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California, 92521
| | - Dimitrios Morikis
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Sun Tae Kim
- Environmental Biotechnology National Core Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea
| | - Jean-Claude Mollet
- Laboratoire de Glycobiologie et Transports chez les Végétaux, UMR CNRS 6037, IRFPM 23, Université de Rouen, 76821 Mont Saint-Aignan Cedex, France
| | - Noelle de la Rosa
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California, 92521
| | - Kimberly Tan
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California, 92521
| | - Elizabeth M Lord
- Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California, Riverside, California, 92521; Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California, 92521.
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Choi EJ, Mao J, Mayo SL. Computational design and biochemical characterization of maize nonspecific lipid transfer protein variants for biosensor applications. Protein Sci 2007; 16:582-8. [PMID: 17384226 PMCID: PMC2203350 DOI: 10.1110/ps.062607007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2006] [Revised: 10/09/2006] [Accepted: 12/09/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) are a family of proteins that bind and transfer lipids. Utilizing the maize LTP, we have successfully engineered fluorescent reagentless biosensors for the natural ligand of LTPs; this was achieved by using computational protein design to remove a disulfide bridge and attaching a thio-reactive fluorophore. Conformational change induced by ligand titration is thought to affect the fluorescence of the fluorophore, allowing detection of ligand binding. Fluorescence measurements show that our LTP variants have affinity to palmitate that is consistent with wild-type LTP. These molecules have the potential to be utilized as scaffolds to design hydrophobic ligand biosensors or to serve as drug carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jung Choi
- Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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Capocchi A, Fontanini D, Muccilli V, Cunsolo V, Saviozzi F, Saletti R, Foti S, Galleschi L. Tetraploid and hexaploid wheats express identical isoforms of nsLTP1. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2006; 54:2372-7. [PMID: 16536621 DOI: 10.1021/jf0524731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Nonspecific lipid-transfer proteins (nsLTPs) have been recognized as allergens in several plant species among which are cereals important in human nutrition. In this report, we purified a 9600 +/- 1 Da protein from both soft wheat and farro bran. Mass spectrometric analyses revealed that these proteins are identical, belong to the nsLTP1 class, and have high sequence homology with nsLTP1 isolated from other cereal species. Their identification was further supported by the ability of the soft wheat nsLTP1 to transfer pyrene-labeled lipids between donor and acceptor membranes. The results are discussed in view of the increasing diffusion on the markets of bran-rich products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Capocchi
- Department of Botanical Sciences, University of Pisa, via L. Ghini 5, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
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