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Bhadra F, Vasundhara M. Anti-inflammatory potential of aconitine produced by endophytic fungus Acremonium alternatum. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:274. [PMID: 39030384 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-04083-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Argemone mexicana belonging to family Papaveraceae is a traditional medicinal plant widely utilized by tribal people in India for treating various ailments like skin infections, wounds and inflammation. This plant is very rich in alkaloidal content, which has a great potential in the treatment of anti-inflammatory disorders. Therapeutically promising bioactive molecules are often produced by endophytic fungi associated with medicinal plants. In this investigation, endophytic fungi were isolated from various parts of A. mexicana and screened for alkaloidal content. Among these, one of the fungal isolate, Acremonium alternatum AMEF-5 producing maximum alkaloids showed significant anti-inflammatory activity. Fractionation of this crude fungal extract through column chromatography yielded eight fractions, which were further screened for anti-inflammatory activities. Fraction 3 exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity by the inhibition of lipoxygenase enzyme (IC50 15.2 ± 0.09 µg/ml), scavenging of the nitric oxide radicals (IC50 11.38 ± 0.35 µg/ml), protein denaturation (IC50 14.93 ± 0.4 µg/ml), trypsin inhibition (IC50 12.06 ± 0.64 µg/ml) and HRBC stabilization (IC50 11.9 ± 0.22 µg/ml). The bioactive alkaloid in fraction 3 was identified as aconitine which was confirmed by UV, FTIR, HPLC, HRMS, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR analysis. This study demonstrates that endophytic fungi serve a potential source for sustainable production of therapeutically important alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Bhadra
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, 147004, India
| | - M Vasundhara
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, 147004, India.
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2
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Ma X, Li C, Zhang J, Xin J, Mosongo I, Yang J, Hu K. Monosaccharide composition analysis by 2D quantitative gsHSQC i. Carbohydr Res 2024; 541:109168. [PMID: 38833821 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2024.109168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
The physicochemical properties and biological activities of polysaccharides depend on their structures. Monosaccharide composition analysis is indispensable for the structural characterization of polysaccharides and is helpful in the quality control of polysaccharide preparation. Here, using a model mixture and tamarind seed polysaccharide as examples, we demonstrated that a quantitative 2D NMR method, gsHSQCi (three gradient-selective Heteronuclear Single Quantum Coherence spectra acquired with incremented repetition times, i = 1, 2, 3) can directly quantify a variety of monosaccharides in solution with adequate precision and accuracy, requiring no derivatization, postprocessing steps and column separation. Both anomeric and non-anomeric signals of monosaccharides can be utilized for content determination. More accurate quantification of fructose in a mixture containing nine monosaccharides is obtained, which is difficult to achieve by quantitative 1D 1HNMR and the common PMP-HPLC method (high-performance liquid chromatography through pre-column derivatization with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone) due to the peak overlapping and the poor derivatization efficiency, respectively. The results also revealed that Na[Fe(EDTA)] can serve as a proper relaxation-enhancing agent for saccharide samples to save experimental time. We expect that this approach can be applied as an alternative to analyzing the monosaccharide composition and be helpful in interpreting the structure of polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China; Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China.
| | - Caihong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China
| | - Junyin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China
| | - Jiang Xin
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China
| | - Isidore Mosongo
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China
| | - Jiahui Yang
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China.
| | - Kaifeng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China; Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China.
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3
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Wang Y, Luo X, Chu P, Shi H, Wang R, Li J, Zheng S. Cultivation and application of nicotine-degrading bacteria and environmental functioning in tobacco planting soil. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2023; 10:10. [PMID: 38647817 PMCID: PMC10992035 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-023-00630-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotine, a toxic and addictive alkaloid from tobacco, is an environmental pollutant. However, nicotine-degrading bacteria (NDB) and their function in tobacco planting soil are not fully understood. First, 52 NDB strains belonging to seven genera were isolated from tobacco soil. The most dominant genera were Flavobacterium (36.5%), Pseudomonas (30.8%), and Arthrobacter (15.4%), and Chitinophaga and Flavobacterium have not been previously reported. Then, two efficient NDB strains, Arthrobacter nitrophenolicus ND6 and Stenotrophomonas geniculata ND16, were screened and inoculated in the compost fertilizer from tobacco waste. The nicotine concentrations were reduced from 1.5 mg/g (DW) to below the safety threshold of 0.5 mg/g. Furthermore, strain ND6 followed the pyridine pathway of nicotine degradation, but the degrading pathway in strain ND16 could not be determined according to genomic analysis and color change. Finally, the abundance of nicotine-degrading genes in tobacco rhizosphere soil was investigated via metagenomic analysis. Five key genes, ndhA, nctB, kdhL, nboR, and dhponh, represent the whole process of nicotine degradation, and their abundance positively correlated with soil nicotine concentrations (p < 0.05). In conclusion, various NDB including unknown species live in tobacco soil and degrade nicotine efficiently. Some key nicotine-degrading genes could be used in monitoring nicotine degradation in the environment. The fermentation of compost from tobacco waste is a promising application of efficient NDB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Heli Shi
- Enshi Branch, Hubei Tobacco Company, Enshi, 445000, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Wang
- Enshi Branch, Hubei Tobacco Company, Enshi, 445000, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiale Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Shixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.
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The Production and Evaluation of an Electrochemical Sensors for Strychnine and Its Main Metabolite Strychnine N-Oxide for Their Use in Biological Samples. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27061826. [PMID: 35335189 PMCID: PMC8954432 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Strychnine (STN) and its major metabolite Strychnine N-Oxide (SNO) were examined electrochemically. Both parent compounds and its major metabolite showed electroactivity on glassy carbon electrodes using CV and DPV techniques. One oxidation peak at 1008 mV was observed for STN with the optimum peak intensity at pH 7. SNO produced two oxidation peaks, at 617 mV and 797 mV, at pH 5. The peaks demonstrated irreversible behaviour and the irreversibility of the system was confirmed at different scan rates. A calibration curve was produced for both CV and DPV measurements and the sensitivity of the proposed EC method was good compared with previous electrochemical and non-electrochemical methods. The precision of oxidation peak of STN using the STN-MIP method produced a maximum value of 11.5% and 2.32% for inter-day and intraday %RSD, respectively. The average% recovery was around 92%. The electrochemical method has been successfully applied to the determination of STN in spiked plasma and urine samples. For SNO, both anodic peaks of SNO demonstrated irreversible behaviour. A different sweep rate was used for calculating the number of ‘transfer electrons’ in the system; based on this, the mechanism of oxidation reaction was proposed. Calibration curves for both oxidative peaks were produced using DPV measurements. The second anodic peak demonstrated high linearity and precision with %RSD < 1.96%.
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Kang HH, Yun CI, Moon JY, Lee JG, Kim YJ. Validation and measurement uncertainty of GC-MS quantification method for nicotine in dried mushrooms using QuEChERS extraction. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2020; 37:1687-1694. [PMID: 32790494 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2020.1800827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Nicotine is an alkaloid and a secondary plant metabolite that has been used as an insecticide. Despite their widespread application, the EU banned the use of nicotine-containing pesticides in December 2008. However, studies in Europe have found nicotine in mushrooms. Nicotine has also been detected in wild mushrooms, so there are other causes of contamination as well as pesticide. This study reports the development of GC-MS method for quantitatively analysing nicotine in mushrooms. This method provides recoveries of 89.5-92.5%, intra-day precisions of 0.32-0.85%, and inter-day precisions of 0.73-2.36%, with limits of detection and quantification of 0.38 and 1.15 μg kg-1, respectively. The relative expanded uncertainty result of 2.8-4.0% complies with CODEX requirements. The method was successfully applied to eleven mushroom samples in which nicotine was detected at levels of 0.033-1.713 mg kg-1. Therefore, this method is suitable for the quantification of nicotine in dried mushrooms to ensure pre-emptive food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Hee Kang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science & Technology , Seoul, Korea
| | - Choong-In Yun
- Lab of Nanobio, Seoul National University of Science and Technology , Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Young Moon
- Division of Safety Analysis, Experiment & Research Institute National Agricultural Products Quality Management Service , Gimcheon, Korea
| | - Joon-Goo Lee
- Food Standard Division, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety , Cheongju, Korea
| | - Young-Jun Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science & Technology , Seoul, Korea
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6
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Li S, Wu X, Kuang H, Liu L. Development of an ic-ELISA and an immunochromatographic strip assay for the detection of aconitine. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2020.1714555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shaozhen Li
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoling Wu
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Kuang
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liqiang Liu
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
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Impact of Rodenticides on the Coagulation Properties of Milk. Foods 2018; 7:foods7040057. [PMID: 29642426 PMCID: PMC5920422 DOI: 10.3390/foods7040057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the impact of the rodenticides (strychnine, bromadiolone, and brodifacoum) on milk pH, rennet coagulation time (RCT), and coagulum strength. Sub-lethal amounts of strychnine and bromadiolone produced an unnaturally large change in milk pH, compared to brodifacoum and brodifacoum on milk coagulation properties. All three studied rodenticides significantly affected RCT and coagulum strength. The presence of sub-lethal amounts of each individual rodenticide increased RCT by an overall mean of 17% (p < 0.001). Rodenticide contamination decreased coagulum strength by an overall mean of 26% (p < 0.05). Our results suggest that such changes could be noticeable at the farm, thus, potentially averting the mixture of contaminated milk with the tanker supply, and preventing downstream distribution to consumers.
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Kim JJ, Sabatelli N, Tutak W, Giuseppetti A, Frukhtbeyn S, Shaffer I, Wilhide J, Routkevitch D, Ondov JM. Universal electronic-cigarette test: physiochemical characterization of reference e-liquid. Tob Induc Dis 2017; 15:14. [PMID: 28239329 PMCID: PMC5314484 DOI: 10.1186/s12971-017-0119-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the rising health and safety concerns of e-cigarettes, a universal e-cigarette testing method is still in its early developmental stage. The aim of this study was to develop an e-liquid Reference Material that can be used to improve accuracy and reproducibility of research results, and advance health risk assessment of e-cigarette products. METHODS E-liquid Reference Material was developed by purity assessment, gravimetric measurement, homogeneity testing, and stability testing with material and instrument traceability (adopted from ISO 35:2006E). RESULTS Homogeneity tests showed e-liquid Reference Material requires ≥ 1 h rotation at a speed of 5 rpm to reach complete homogeneity. Stability tests showed homogeneity is intact for at least 2 weeks without secondary separation, and e-liquids are stable in 21 °C-50 °C thermocycling conditions up to 72 h. A change in the e-liquid color was first observed at day seven, and progressed to 2- and 16 - fold increase in absorbance by one and 6 months respectively. We found that e-liquids do not have inherent material instabilities such as immiscibility or secondary separation. However, discrepancies in concentration and composition arose mainly due to viscosity of propylene glycol and glycerin. Aerosol generated from the e-liquid Reference Material had 16 chemical-byproducts and was composed of ~634,000 particles of which 38% were Fine Particulate Matters (<0.5 μm in diameter). CONCLUSIONS The efforts described here to create a standardized e-liquid Reference Material aim to provide unbiased and robust testing parameters that may be useful for researchers, the industry and government agencies. Additionally, the reference e-liquid could open a channel of conversation among different laboratories by providing the means of independent verification and validation while establishing a system of transparency and reproducibility in materials and methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J. Kim
- Clinical Research, Volpe Research Center, ADA Foundation, 100 Bureau Drive Stop 8546 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA
| | - Nicole Sabatelli
- School of Engineering, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD USA
| | - Wojtek Tutak
- Clinical Research, Volpe Research Center, ADA Foundation, 100 Bureau Drive Stop 8546 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA
- Present address: Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD USA
| | - Anthony Giuseppetti
- Clinical Research, Volpe Research Center, ADA Foundation, 100 Bureau Drive Stop 8546 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA
| | - Stanislav Frukhtbeyn
- Clinical Research, Volpe Research Center, ADA Foundation, 100 Bureau Drive Stop 8546 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA
| | - Ian Shaffer
- Molecular Characterization and Analysis Complex, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Joshua Wilhide
- Molecular Characterization and Analysis Complex, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Denis Routkevitch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - John M. Ondov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD USA
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9
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Cooney TP, Varelis P, Bendall JG. High-Throughput Quantification of Monofluoroacetate (1080) in Milk as a Response to an Extortion Threat. J Food Prot 2016; 79:273-81. [PMID: 26818988 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-15-405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
As a food defense measure against an extortion threat to poison infant formula with monofluoroacetate, a robust methodology for monofluoroacetate analysis in fluid milk and powdered dairy products was developed and optimized. Critical challenges posed by this situation required that the analytical methodology provide (i) high specificity, (ii) high throughput capable of analyzing thousands of samples of fluid milk per day, and (iii) trace-level detection of 1 ng/g or lower to achieve the maximum residue limit. Solid-phase extraction-purified acetone extracts of fluid milk were derivatized with aniline, and after ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography using a Kinetex-C18 column packed with 1.3-μm shell particles, the resulting N-phenyl 2-fluoroacetamide could be determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in a highly specific manner and with a limit of quantification of 0.5 ng/ml. By using 4-(4-chlorophenoxy)aniline as a derivatizing agent, the method could be extended to powdered dairy products with the same limit of quantification. Between January and July 2015, some 136,000 fluid milk samples were tested using this method. This analytical testing of fluid milk formed one element in a larger program of work by multiple agencies to ensure that consumers could continue to have confidence in the safety of New Zealand milk and dairy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry P Cooney
- Analytica Laboratories, Ruakura Research Centre, 10 Bisley Road, Private Bag 3123, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - Peter Varelis
- Fonterra Research and Development Centre, Dairy Farm Road, Private Bag 11029, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Justin G Bendall
- Fonterra Research and Development Centre, Dairy Farm Road, Private Bag 11029, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
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Mahpishanian S, Sereshti H. Graphene oxide-based dispersive micro-solid phase extraction for separation and preconcentration of nicotine from biological and environmental water samples followed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection. Talanta 2014; 130:71-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Kubica P, Kot-Wasik A, Wasik A, Namieśnik J. "Dilute & shoot" approach for rapid determination of trace amounts of nicotine in zero-level e-liquids by reversed phase liquid chromatography and hydrophilic interactions liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry-electrospray ionization. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1289:13-8. [PMID: 23548207 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.02.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Two analytical procedures are proposed where HILIC and RPLC techniques are coupled with tandem mass spectrometry detection for rapid determination of trace amounts of nicotine in zero-level liquids for electronic cigarettes. Samples are prepared on the basis of the approach "dilute & shoot" which makes this important step quick and not complicated. The chromatographic separation was carried out on a Zorbax XDB column (RPLC method) and Ascentis Si column (HILIC mode). Within-run precisions (CVs) measured at three concentration levels were as follows: 0.73%, 0.98% and 1.44% for RPLC method and 1.39%, 1.44% and 0.57% (HILIC mode). Between-run CVs were as follows: 1.94%, 1.02% and 1.22% for RPLC mode and 1.49%, 1.20% and 1.22% for HILIC mode. The detection limits of RPLC and HILIC modes were 4.08 and 3.90 ng/mL respectively. The proposed procedures are rapid, not complicated, sensitive and are suitable for fast determination of trace amounts of nicotine in zero-level liquids for electronic cigarettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Kubica
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Faculty, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
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Determination of the Nicotine Content in Solanaceae Vegetables by Solid-Phase Extraction Coupled with Ultra High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-012-9457-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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13
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Fan YF, Xie Y, Liu L, Ho HM, Wong YF, Liu ZQ, Zhou H. Paeoniflorin reduced acute toxicity of aconitine in rats is associated with the pharmacokinetic alteration of aconitine. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 141:701-8. [PMID: 21930193 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2011] [Revised: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 09/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE To investigate the influence of paeoniflorin (major bioactive component of Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) on the pharmacokinetic behavior of aconitine (major toxic and bioactive component of Aconitum carmichaeli Debx.) and potential detoxifying effect of paeoniflorin on the acute toxicity of aconitine, which may provide in depth understanding to the toxicity reduction effect of Paeonia lactiflora to Aconitum carmichaeli. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (UHPLC-MS/MS) was employed to determine the plasma content of aconitine. Aconitine was administrated by oral to SD rats at the dosage of 200 μg/kg with or without paeoniflorin given by intraperitoneal injection at the dosage of 20 mg/kg. Plasma samples were collected for determination and analysis of pharmacokinetic parameters of aconitine. The LD(50) of aconitine and acute animal death induced by aconitine were examined when aconitine was given alone or jointly with paeoniflorin in ICR mice. RESULTS A sensitive, accurate, precise, reliable and repeatable UHPLC-MS/MS method was successfully established for determination of the plasma content of aconitine in 12.5 μL plasma sample. The lower limit of quantification of aconitine was 0.01 ng/mL. Compared with the SD rats that were orally administrated with aconitine alone, the rats received aconitine and co-administrated with paeoniflorin by peritoneal injection showed a remarkably lower C(max) (5.69 ng/mL vs 9.66 ng/mL, P<0.05) and delayed T(max) (70 min vs 46 min, P<0.05), as well as a trend of reduction in AUC(0-t) (1082.75 ng-min/mL vs 1650.27 ng-min/mL, P=0.395). The LD(50) values of aconitine coadministered with 120 or 240 mg/kg of paeoniflorin were obviously increased to 2.30 and 2.15 mg/kg against 1.80 mg/kg of aconitine by oral administration alone. Mice treated with paeoniflorin (240 mg/kg) and aconitine (1.8 mg/kg) together revealed a significant decreased death rate than that received aconitine treatment alone (15% vs 50%, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The acute oral toxicity of aconitine in rats was significantly reduced by paeoniflorin; this might result from the alterations of pharmacokinetic behavior of aconitine in the animals by coadministration of paeoniflorin.
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MESH Headings
- Aconitine/administration & dosage
- Aconitine/blood
- Aconitine/pharmacokinetics
- Aconitine/toxicity
- Aconitum/chemistry
- Administration, Oral
- Animals
- Area Under Curve
- Benzoates/administration & dosage
- Benzoates/pharmacology
- Bridged-Ring Compounds/administration & dosage
- Bridged-Ring Compounds/pharmacology
- Calibration
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/standards
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacokinetics
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/toxicity
- Glucosides/administration & dosage
- Glucosides/pharmacology
- Injections, Intraperitoneal
- Lethal Dose 50
- Male
- Medicine, Chinese Traditional
- Metabolic Clearance Rate
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred ICR
- Monoterpenes
- Paeonia/chemistry
- Plants, Medicinal
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Reproducibility of Results
- Tandem Mass Spectrometry/standards
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Fang Fan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
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14
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Lozano A, Martínez-Uroz MA, Gómez-Ramos MJ, Gómez-Ramos MM, Mezcua M, Fernández-Alba AR. Determination of nicotine in mushrooms by various GC/MS- and LC/MS-based methods. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 402:935-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5490-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2011] [Revised: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 10/09/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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15
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Sun J, Du H, You T. Determination of nicotine and its metabolite cotinine in urine and cigarette samples by capillary electrophoresis coupled with electrochemiluminescence. Electrophoresis 2011; 32:2148-54. [PMID: 21792993 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2011] [Revised: 05/03/2011] [Accepted: 05/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, CE coupled with electrochemiluminesence (ECL) detection using a 76-μm Pt disk as working electrode was developed for nicotine (NIC) determination. The major metabolite of NIC is cotinine (COT), which has a similar tertiary amine structure to NIC. However, there is a carbonyl group attached in the structure of COT, which leads to the great decrease in ECL response. In order to improve the ECL response of COT, NaBH(4) was used for carbonyl reduction. After reduction, NIC and COT were separated and detected by CE-ECL. ECL response plotted with NIC concentration was linear between 5.0×10(-7) and 5.0×10(-5) mol/L (81-8100 μg/L), with LOD of 5.0×10(-8) mol/L (8.1 μg/L). The developed CE-ECL method was applied for NIC determination in urine and cigarette samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinying Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Changchun, PR China
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Copper CL, Newman CID, Collins GE. Simple and rapid extraction, separation, and detection of alkaloids in beverages. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:3727-31. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Purity determination of yunaconitine reference standard using HPLC with experimental design and response surface optimization. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:3809-16. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Newman CID, Giordano BC, Copper CL, Collins GE. Microchip micellar electrokinetic chromatography separation of alkaloids with UV-absorbance spectral detection. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:803-10. [PMID: 18203247 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A microchip device is demonstrated for the electrophoretic separation and UV-absorbance spectral detection of four toxic alkaloids: colchicine, aconitine, strychnine, and nicotine. A fused-silica (quartz) microchip containing a simple cross geometry is utilized to perform the separations, and a miniature, fiber-optic CCD spectrometer is coupled to the microchip for detection. Sensitive UV-absorbance detection is achieved via the application of online preconcentration techniques in combination with the quartz microchip substrate which contains an etched bubble-cell for increased pathlength. The miniature CCD spectrometer is configured to detect light between 190 and 645 nm and LabView programming written in-house enables absorbance spectra as well as separations to be monitored from 210 to 400 nm. Consequently, the configuration of this microchip device facilitates qualitative and quantitative separations via simultaneous spatial and spectral resolution of solutes. UV-absorbance limits of quantification for colchicine, 20 microM (8 mg/L); strychnine, 50 microM (17 mg/L); aconitine, 50 microM (32 mg/L); and nicotine, 100 microM (16 mg/L) are demonstrated on the microchip. With the exception of aconitine, these concentrations are > or =20-times more sensitive than lethal dose monitoring requirements. Finally, this device is demonstrated to successfully detect each toxin in water, skim milk, and apple juice samples spiked at sublethal dose concentrations after a simple, SPE procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl I D Newman
- Chemistry Division, Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20375, USA
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