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Zhang F, Li L, Meng X, Liu J, Cui X, Ma Q, Wei Y, Liang M, Xu H, Rombenso A. Feeding Strategy to Use Beef Tallow and Modify Farmed Tiger Puffer Fatty Acid Composition. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3037. [PMID: 37835642 PMCID: PMC10571522 DOI: 10.3390/ani13193037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A 12-week feeding experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing fish oil (FO) with beef tallow (BT) on the fatty acid composition of farmed tiger puffer (Takifugu rubripes). Two replacement strategies were used: a standard Graded Dietary Replacement of FO with BT (GDR strategy) and Alternate Feeding between FO- and BT-based Diets (AFD strategy). The positive and negative control diets were formulated with 6% FO (FO-C group) or BT (BT-C group) as the sole added lipid source. In the GDR strategy, three experimental diets were formulated, with 25, 50 and 75% of the added FO in the FO-C diet replaced with BT, named 25BT, 50BT and 75BT, respectively. In the AFD strategy, alternated feeding patterns between the FO-C and BT-C diet-namely, 1, 2 and 3 weeks with BT-C followed by 1 week feeding with FO-C (1BT-1FO, 2BT-1FO and 3BT-1FO, respectively)-were applied. Each diet or feeding strategy was assigned to triplicate tanks. The results showed that dietary BT inclusion reduced the contents of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) in both the muscle and liver (edible tissues for this species) of the experimental fish, and the liver displayed a more drastic decrease than the muscle. The LC-PUFA content linearly decreased with the decreasing dietary FO levels in the GDR strategy. However, in the AFD strategy, a linear relationship was not observed between the LC-PUFA content and the FO feeding duration. The 3BT-1FO treatment resulted in higher LC-PUFA content than 2BT-1FO. When comparing the two strategies with the same final FO administration level-namely, 50BT vs. 1BT-1FO, and in particular, 75BT vs. 3BT-1FO-the AFD strategy resulted in higher LC-PUFA contents in both the muscle and liver than the GDR strategy. In conclusion, when FO was replaced with BT in the diets, alternate feeding between FO- and BT-based diets resulted in a higher LC-PUFA content than the standard direct replacement. Three weeks of feeding with BT-C followed by one week of feeding with FO-C appeared to be a good alternate feeding pattern. This study provided a promising strategy of FO-sparing in fish farming when the LC-PUFA contents were maintained as high as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiran Zhang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266071, China; (F.Z.); (L.L.); (X.M.); (J.L.); (X.C.); (Q.M.); (Y.W.); (M.L.)
| | - Lin Li
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266071, China; (F.Z.); (L.L.); (X.M.); (J.L.); (X.C.); (Q.M.); (Y.W.); (M.L.)
| | - Xiaoxue Meng
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266071, China; (F.Z.); (L.L.); (X.M.); (J.L.); (X.C.); (Q.M.); (Y.W.); (M.L.)
| | - Jian Liu
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266071, China; (F.Z.); (L.L.); (X.M.); (J.L.); (X.C.); (Q.M.); (Y.W.); (M.L.)
| | - Xishuai Cui
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266071, China; (F.Z.); (L.L.); (X.M.); (J.L.); (X.C.); (Q.M.); (Y.W.); (M.L.)
| | - Qiang Ma
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266071, China; (F.Z.); (L.L.); (X.M.); (J.L.); (X.C.); (Q.M.); (Y.W.); (M.L.)
| | - Yuliang Wei
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266071, China; (F.Z.); (L.L.); (X.M.); (J.L.); (X.C.); (Q.M.); (Y.W.); (M.L.)
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Laoshan Laboratory, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Mengqing Liang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266071, China; (F.Z.); (L.L.); (X.M.); (J.L.); (X.C.); (Q.M.); (Y.W.); (M.L.)
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Laoshan Laboratory, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Houguo Xu
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266071, China; (F.Z.); (L.L.); (X.M.); (J.L.); (X.C.); (Q.M.); (Y.W.); (M.L.)
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Laoshan Laboratory, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Artur Rombenso
- CSIRO, Livestock and Aquaculture Program, Animal Nutrition, Bribie Island Research Centre, Woorim 4507, Australia;
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Xu H, Turchini GM, Francis DS, Liang M, Mock TS, Rombenso A, Ai Q. Are fish what they eat? A fatty acid’s perspective. Prog Lipid Res 2020; 80:101064. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2020.101064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Piazzon MC, Calduch-Giner JA, Fouz B, Estensoro I, Simó-Mirabet P, Puyalto M, Karalazos V, Palenzuela O, Sitjà-Bobadilla A, Pérez-Sánchez J. Under control: how a dietary additive can restore the gut microbiome and proteomic profile, and improve disease resilience in a marine teleostean fish fed vegetable diets. MICROBIOME 2017; 5:164. [PMID: 29282153 PMCID: PMC5745981 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-017-0390-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The constant increase of aquaculture production and wealthy seafood consumption has forced the industry to explore alternative and more sustainable raw aquafeed materials, and plant ingredients have been used to replace marine feedstuffs in many farmed fish. The objective of the present study was to assess whether plant-based diets can induce changes in the intestinal mucus proteome, gut autochthonous microbiota and disease susceptibility of fish, and whether these changes could be reversed by the addition of sodium butyrate to the diets. Three different trials were performed using the teleostean gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) as model. In a first preliminary short-term trial, fish were fed with the additive (0.8%) supplementing a basal diet with low vegetable inclusion (D1) and then challenged with a bacteria to detect possible effects on survival. In a second trial, fish were fed with diets with greater vegetable inclusion levels (D2, D3) and the long-term effect of sodium butyrate at a lower dose (0.4%) added to D3 (D4 diet) was tested on the intestinal proteome and microbiome. In a third trial, the long-term effectiveness of sodium butyrate (D4) to prevent disease outcome after an intestinal parasite (Enteromyxum leei) challenge was tested. RESULTS The results showed that opposed forces were driven by dietary plant ingredients and sodium butyrate supplementation in fish diet. On the one hand, vegetable diets induced high parasite infection levels that provoked drops in growth performance, decreased intestinal microbiota diversity, induced the dominance of the Photobacterium genus, as well as altered the gut mucosal proteome suggesting detrimental effects on intestinal function. On the other hand, butyrate addition slightly decreased cumulative mortality after bacterial challenge, avoided growth retardation in parasitized fish, increased intestinal microbiota diversity with a higher representation of butyrate-producing bacteria and reversed most vegetable diet-induced changes in the gut proteome. CONCLUSIONS This integrative work gives insights on the pleiotropic effects of a dietary additive on the restoration of intestinal homeostasis and disease resilience, using a multifaceted approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Carla Piazzon
- Fish Pathology Group, Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Castellón, Spain
| | - Josep Alvar Calduch-Giner
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Castellón, Spain
| | - Belén Fouz
- Department of Microbiology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Itziar Estensoro
- Fish Pathology Group, Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Castellón, Spain
| | - Paula Simó-Mirabet
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Castellón, Spain
| | | | | | - Oswaldo Palenzuela
- Fish Pathology Group, Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Castellón, Spain
| | - Ariadna Sitjà-Bobadilla
- Fish Pathology Group, Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Castellón, Spain
| | - Jaume Pérez-Sánchez
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Castellón, Spain
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Benedito-Palos L, Bermejo-Nogales A, Karampatos AI, Ballester-Lozano GF, Navarro JC, Diez A, Bautista JM, Bell JG, Tocher DR, Obach A, Kaushik S, Pérez-Sánchez J. Modelling the predictable effects of dietary lipid sources on the fillet fatty acid composition of one-year-old gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.). Food Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.06.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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