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Urbániková Ľ, Janeček Š. Trehalose synthases from the subfamily GH13_16 involved in α-glucan biosynthesis - a focus on their maltokinase domain. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131680. [PMID: 38641282 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
The subfamily GH13_16 trehalose synthase (TreS) converts maltose to trehalose and vice versa. Typically, it consists of three domains, but it may contain a C-terminal extension exhibiting clear sequence features of a maltokinase (MaK). The present in silico study was focused on collection of naturally fused TreS-MaKs and their subsequent detailed bioinformatics analysis. Hence a set of total 3354 unique sequences was compared consisting of 1900 single TreSs, 1426 fused TreS-MaKs and 28 single MaKs. Fused TreS-MaKs were divided into five groups, namely with a standard MaK, with mutations in the maltose-binding site, of the catalytic nucleophile, of the general acid/base and of both catalytic residues. Sequence logos bearing the best conserved sequence regions were prepared for both TreSs and MaKs in an effort to find unique sequence features. In addition, linkers connecting the TreS and MaK parts in the fused enzymes were analysed. This analysis revealed that MaKs in fused enzymes have an extended N-terminal regions compared to single MaKs. Finally, the evolutionary relationships were demonstrated by phylogenetic trees of TreS parts from single TreSs and fused TreS-MaKs from the same organism as well as of single TreSs existing in multiple isoforms in the same organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ľubica Urbániková
- Laboratory of Protein Evolution, Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, SK-84551 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Štefan Janeček
- Laboratory of Protein Evolution, Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, SK-84551 Bratislava, Slovakia; Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, SK-91701 Trnava, Slovakia.
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2
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Trakarnpaiboon S, Bunterngsook B, Lekakarn H, Prongjit D, Champreda V. Characterization of cold-active trehalose synthase from Pseudarthrobacter sp. for trehalose bioproduction. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2023; 10:65. [PMID: 38647947 PMCID: PMC10992939 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-023-00681-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Trehalose is a functional sugar that has numerous applications in food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical products. Production of trehalose from maltose via a single-step enzymatic catalysis using trehalose synthase (TreS) is a promising method compared with the conventional two-step process due to its simplicity with lower formation of byproducts. In this study, a cold-active trehalose synthase (PaTreS) from Pseudarthrobacter sp. TBRC 2005 was heterologously expressed and characterized. PaTreS showed the maximum activity at 20 °C and maintained 87% and 59% of its activity at 10 °C and 4 °C, respectively. The enzyme had remarkable stability over a board pH range of 7.0-9.0 with the highest activity at pH 7.0. The activity was enhanced by divalent metal ions (Mg2+, Mn2+ and Ca2+). Conversion of high-concentration maltose syrup (100-300 g/L) using PaTreS yielded 71.7-225.5 g/L trehalose, with 4.5-16.4 g/L glucose as a byproduct within 16 h. The work demonstrated the potential of PaTreS as a promising biocatalyst for the development of low-temperature trehalose production, with the advantages of reduced risk of microbial contamination with low generation of byproduct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srisakul Trakarnpaiboon
- Enzyme Technology Research Team, Biorefinery Technology and Bioproduct Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueang, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Benjarat Bunterngsook
- Enzyme Technology Research Team, Biorefinery Technology and Bioproduct Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueang, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Hataikarn Lekakarn
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, Khlong Nueang, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Daran Prongjit
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, Khlong Nueang, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Verawat Champreda
- Enzyme Technology Research Team, Biorefinery Technology and Bioproduct Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueang, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand.
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Chen X, Chen X, Zhu L, Liu W, Jiang L. Programming an Orthogonal Self-Assembling Protein Cascade Based on Reactive Peptide-Protein Pairs for In Vitro Enzymatic Trehalose Production. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:4690-4700. [PMID: 35404598 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Trehalose is an important rare sugar that protects biomolecules against environmental stress. We herein introduce a dual enzyme cascade strategy that regulates the proportion of cargos and scaffolds, to maximize the benefits of enzyme immobilization. Based upon the self-assembling properties of the shell protein (EutM) from the ethanolamine utilization (Eut) bacterial microcompartment, we implemented the catalytic synthesis of trehalose from soluble starch with the coimmobilization of α-amylase and trehalose synthase. This strategy improved enzymatic cascade activity and operational stability. The cascade system enabled the efficient production of trehalose with a yield of ∼3.44 g/(L U), 1.5 times that of the free system. Moreover, its activity was maintained over 12 h, while the free system was almost completely inactivated after 4 h, demonstrating significantly enhanced thermostability. In conclusion, an attractive self-assembly coimmobilization platform was developed, which provides an effective biological process for the enzymatic synthesis of trehalose in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhan Chen
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyi Chen
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Liying Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Jiang
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, People's Republic of China
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4
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Trakarnpaiboon S, Bunterngsook B, Wansuksriand R, Champreda V. Screening, Cloning, Expression and Characterization of New Alkaline Trehalose Synthase from Pseudomonas monteilii and Its Application for Trehalose Production. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 31:1455-1464. [PMID: 34409951 PMCID: PMC9705850 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2106.06032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Trehalose is a non-reducing disaccharide in increasing demand for applications in food, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical industries. Single-step trehalose production by trehalose synthase (TreS) using maltose as a starting material is a promising alternative process for industrial application due to its simplicity and cost advantage. Pseudomonas monteilii TBRC 1196 was identified using the developed screening method as a potent strain for TreS production. The TreS gene from P. monteilii TBRC 1196 was first cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. Purified recombinant trehalose synthase (PmTreS) had a molecular weight of 76 kDa and showed optimal pH and temperature at 9.0 and 40°C, respectively. The enzyme exhibited >90% residual activity under mesophilic condition under a broad pH range of 7-10 for 6 h. Maximum trehalose yield by PmTreS was 68.1% with low yield of glucose (4%) as a byproduct under optimal conditions, equivalent to productivity of 4.5 g/l/h using enzyme loading of 2 mg/g substrate and high concentration maltose solution (100 g/l) in a lab-scale bioreactor. The enzyme represents a potent biocatalyst for energy-saving trehalose production with potential for inhibiting microbial contamination by alkaline condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srisakul Trakarnpaiboon
- Enzyme Technology Research Team, Biorefinery and Bioproduct Technology Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin RD., Klong Luang District, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Benjarat Bunterngsook
- Enzyme Technology Research Team, Biorefinery and Bioproduct Technology Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin RD., Klong Luang District, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Rungtiva Wansuksriand
- Cassava and Starch Technology Research Team, Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Verawat Champreda
- Enzyme Technology Research Team, Biorefinery and Bioproduct Technology Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin RD., Klong Luang District, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand,Corresponding author Phone: +66 2564 6700 x 3446 Fax: +66 2564 6707 E-mail:
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5
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Zhang X, Liang Y, Yang H, Yang H, Chen S, Huang F, Hou Y, Huang R. A novel fusion levansucrase improves thermostability of polymerization and production of high molecular weight levan. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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6
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Chen Y, Zhao Y, Zhou X, Liu N, Ming D, Zhu L, Jiang L. Improving the thermostability of trehalose synthase from Thermomonospora curvata by covalent cyclization using peptide tags and investigation of the underlying molecular mechanism. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 168:13-21. [PMID: 33285196 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
One of the most desirable properties for industrial enzymes is high thermotolerance, which can reduce the amount of biocatalyst used and lower the production cost. Aiming to improve the thermotolerance of trehalose synthase (TreS, EC 5.4.99.16) from Thermomonospora curvata, four mutants (G78D, V289L, G322A, I323L) and four cyclized TreS variants fused using different Tag/Catcher pairs (SpyTag-TreS-SpyCatcher, SpyTag-TreS-KTag, SnoopTag-TreS-SnoopCatcher, SnoopTagJR-TreS-DogTag) were constructed. The results showed that cyclization led to a much larger increase of thermostability than that achieved via site-directed mutagenesis. The t1/2 of all four cyclized TreS variants at 55 °C increased 2- to 3- fold, while the analysis of kinetic and thermodynamic stability indicated that the T50 of the different cyclized TreS variants increased by between 7.5 °C and 15.5 °C. Molecular dynamics simulations showed that the Rg values of cyclized TreS decreased significantly, indicating that the protein maintained a tight tertiary structure at high temperatures, avoiding exposure of the hydrophobic core to the solvent. Cyclization using a Tag/Catcher pair is a simple and effective method for improving the thermotolerance of enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Chen
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xue Zhou
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Nian Liu
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Dengming Ming
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Liying Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Ling Jiang
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
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7
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Zhu L, Shen B, Song Z, Jiang L. Permeabilized TreS-Expressing Bacillus subtilis Cells Decorated with Glucose Isomerase and a Shell of ZIF-8 as a Reusable Biocatalyst for the Coproduction of Trehalose and Fructose. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:4464-4472. [PMID: 32193930 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c00971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a class of porous materials with versatile properties. In this study, ZIF-8 was employed to establish a two-enzyme system by encapsulating permeabilized Bacillus subtilis cells coated with glucose isomerase. B. subtilis was constructed by introducing the shuttle plasmid PMA5 associated with the overexpression of trehalose synthase. Using this two-enzyme system, trehalose was produced by trehalose synthase and the byproduct glucose was converted to fructose with the help of glucose isomerase. The decrease in glucose production not only relieved the inhibition of the entire reaction chain but also increased the final yield of trehalose. The highest trehalose production rate reached 67.7% and remained above 50% after 20 batches. In addition, the toxicity of the ZIF-8 coating for B. subtilis was investigated by fluorescence microscopy and was found to be negligible. By simulating an extreme environment, the ZIF-8 coating was demonstrated to have a protective effect on the cells and enzymes. This study provides a theoretical basis for the application of MOFs in the immobilization of microorganisms and enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Zhu
- College of Chemical and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Bowen Shen
- College of Chemical and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Song
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Ling Jiang
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
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8
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Jin M, Xiao A, Zhu L, Zhang Z, Huang H, Jiang L. The diversity and commonalities of the radiation-resistance mechanisms of Deinococcus and its up-to-date applications. AMB Express 2019; 9:138. [PMID: 31482336 PMCID: PMC6722170 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-019-0862-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Deinococcus is an extremophilic microorganism found in a wide range of habitats, including hot springs, radiation-contaminated areas, Antarctic soils, deserts, etc., and shows some of the highest levels of resistance to ionizing radiation known in nature. The highly efficient radiation-protection mechanisms of Deinococcus depend on a combination of passive and active defense mechanisms, including self-repair of DNA damage (homologous recombination, MMR, ER and ESDSA), efficient cellular damage clearance mechanisms (hydrolysis of damaged proteins, overexpression of repair proteins, etc.), and effective clearance of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Due to these mechanisms, Deinococcus cells are highly resistant to oxidation, radiation and desiccation, which makes them potential chassis cells for wide applications in many fields. This article summarizes the latest research on the radiation-resistance mechanisms of Deinococcus and prospects its biotechnological application potentials.
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9
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Xu C, Xu Q, Huang H, Jiang L. Enhancing the stability of trehalose synthase via SpyTag/SpyCatcher cyclization to improve its performance in industrial biocatalysts. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2018; 82:1473-1479. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2018.1475212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
SpyTag and SpyCatcher can spontaneously and rapidly conjugate to form an irreversible and stable covalent bond. The trehalose synthase (TreS) from Thermomonospora curvata was successfully cyclized after the fusion of a SpyTag to its C-terminus and SpyCatcher to the N-terminus. Cyclized TreS retained more than 85% of its activity at temperatures ranging from 40 to 50°C and more than 95% at a pH range of 8 to 10, while the wild type kept only 60 and 80% of its activity under the same conditions. These results demonstrated that cyclized TreS had better resistance to high temperature and alkali than the wild type. Furthermore, structural analysis revealed that cyclized TreS had better conformational stability and was able to fold correctly at a higher temperature than the wild type. Our findings indicate that the use of SpyTag and SpyCatcher to cyclize enzymes is a promising strategy to increase their stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - He Huang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
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10
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Cai X, Seitl I, Mu W, Zhang T, Stressler T, Fischer L, Jiang B. Combination of sequence-based and in silico screening to identify novel trehalose synthases. Enzyme Microb Technol 2018; 115:62-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Biotechnical production of trehalose through the trehalose synthase pathway: current status and future prospects. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:2965-2976. [PMID: 29460000 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8814-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Trehalose (α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 1)-α-D-glucopyranoside) is a non-reducing disaccharide composed of two glucose molecules linked by an α,α-1,1-glycosidic bond. It possesses physicochemical properties, which account for its biological roles in a variety of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms and invertebrates. Intensive studies of trehalose gradually uncovered its functions, and its applications in foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals have increased every year. Currently, trehalose is industrially produced by the two-enzyme method, which was first developed in 1995 using maltooligosyltrehalose synthase (EC 5.4.99.15) and subsequently using maltooligosyltrehalose trehalohydrolase (EC 3.2.1.141), with starch as the substrate. This biotechnical method has lowered the price of trehalose and expanded its applications. However, when trehalose synthase (EC 5.4.99.16) was later discovered, this method for trehalose production using maltose as the substrate soon became a popular topic because of its simplicity and potential in industrial production. Since then, many trehalose synthases have been studied. This review summarizes the sources and characteristics of reported trehalose synthases, and the most recent advances on structural analysis of trehalose synthase, catalytic mechanism, molecular modification, and usage in industrial production processes.
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Yan X, Zhu L, Yu Y, Xu Q, Huang H, Jiang L. In-Situ Biocatalytic Production of Trehalose with Autoinduction Expression of Trehalose Synthase. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:1444-1451. [PMID: 29338242 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b06031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We developed an in-situ biocatalytic process that couples autoinduction expression of trehalose synthase (TreS) and whole-cell catalysis for trehalose production. With lactose as the autoinducer, the activity of recombinant TreS in recombinant Escherichia coli was optimized through a visualization method, which resulted in a maximum value of 12 033 ± 730 U/mL in pH-stat fed-batch fermentation mode. Meanwhile, the permeability of the autoinduced E. coli increased significantly, which makes it possible to be directly used as a whole-cell biocatalyst for trehalose production, whereby the byproduct glucose can also act as an extra carbon source. In this case, the final yield of trehalose was improved to 90.5 ± 5.7% and remained as high as 83.2 ± 5.0% at the 10th batch, which is the highest value achieved using recombinant TreS. Finally, an integrated strategy for trehalose production was established, and its advantages compared to the traditional mode have been summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xincheng Yan
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, ‡College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, §College of Chemical and Molecular Engineering, and ⊥College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Liying Zhu
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, ‡College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, §College of Chemical and Molecular Engineering, and ⊥College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yadong Yu
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, ‡College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, §College of Chemical and Molecular Engineering, and ⊥College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qing Xu
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, ‡College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, §College of Chemical and Molecular Engineering, and ⊥College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 210009, China
| | - He Huang
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, ‡College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, §College of Chemical and Molecular Engineering, and ⊥College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, ‡College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, §College of Chemical and Molecular Engineering, and ⊥College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 210009, China
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Li Y, Wang Z, Feng Y, Yuan Q. Improving trehalose synthase activity by adding the C-terminal domain of trehalose synthase from Thermus thermophilus. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 245:1749-1756. [PMID: 28651873 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.05.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the activities of four other TreS enzymes from different sources linked with or without TtTreS-C. The results showed that a flexible linker peptide between TreS enzymes and TtTreS-C is essential for their activity enhancement. Moreover, the specific activities of the four enzymes were also improved by linking to the TtTreS-C fragment. Together, our study provides novel insights into the functions of the C-terminal domain of TtTreS, and would facilitate its future application in enzyme engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, No. 15 East Road of North Third Ring, Chao Yang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ziwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, No. 15 East Road of North Third Ring, Chao Yang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yue Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, No. 15 East Road of North Third Ring, Chao Yang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qipeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, No. 15 East Road of North Third Ring, Chao Yang District, Beijing 100029, China.
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Chow SY, Wang YL, Hsieh YC, Lee GC, Liaw SH. The N253F mutant structure of trehalose synthase from Deinococcus radioduransreveals an open active-site topology. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2017; 73:588-594. [DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x17014303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Trehalose synthase (TS) catalyzes the reversible conversion of maltose to trehalose and belongs to glycoside hydrolase family 13 (GH13). Previous mechanistic analysis suggested a rate-limiting protein conformational change, which is probably the opening and closing of the active site. Consistently, crystal structures ofDeinococcus radioduransTS (DrTS) in complex with the inhibitor Tris displayed an enclosed active site for catalysis of the intramoleular isomerization. In this study, the apo structure of the DrTS N253F mutant displays a new open conformation with an empty active site. Analysis of these structures suggests that substrate binding induces a domain rotation to close the active site. Such a substrate-induced domain rotation has also been observed in some other GH13 enzymes.
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Wang J, Ren X, Wang R, Su J, Wang F. Structural Characteristics and Function of a New Kind of Thermostable Trehalose Synthase from Thermobaculum terrenum. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:7726-7735. [PMID: 28809106 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Trehalose has important applications in the food industry and pharmaceutical manufacturing. The thermostable enzyme trehalose synthase from Thermobaculum terrenum (TtTS) catalyzes the reversible interconversion of maltose and trehalose. Here, we investigated the structural characteristics of TtTS in complex with the inhibitor TriS. TtTS exhibits the typical three domain glycoside hydrolase family 13 structure. The catalytic cleft consists of Asp202-Glu244-Asp310 and various conserved substrate-binding residues. However, among trehalose synthases, TtTS demonstrates obvious thermal stability. TtTS has more polar (charged) amino acids distributed on its protein structure surface and more aromatic amino acids buried within than other mesophilic trehalose synthases. Furthermore, TtTS structural analysis revealed four potential metal ion-binding sites rather than the two in a homologous structure. These factors may render TtTS relatively more thermostable among mesophilic trehalose synthases. The detailed thermophilic enzyme structure provided herein may provide guidance for further protein engineering in the design of stabilized enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqing Wang
- Faculty of Light Industry, Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering, Qilu University of Technology , Jinan 250353, P.R. China
| | - Xudong Ren
- Faculty of Light Industry, Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering, Qilu University of Technology , Jinan 250353, P.R. China
| | - Ruiming Wang
- Faculty of Light Industry, Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering, Qilu University of Technology , Jinan 250353, P.R. China
| | - Jing Su
- Faculty of Light Industry, Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering, Qilu University of Technology , Jinan 250353, P.R. China
| | - Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University , Jinan, Shandong 250100, P.R. China
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16
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Effect of C-terminal domain truncation of Thermus thermophilus trehalose synthase on its substrate specificity. Enzyme Microb Technol 2017; 96:121-126. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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17
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Yang X, Zhu L, Jiang L, Xu Q, Xu X, Huang H. Optimization of bioconversion process for trehalose production from enzymatic hydrolysis of kudzu root starch using a visualization method. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2015. [DOI: 10.1186/s40643-015-0065-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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18
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Wang YL, Chow SY, Lin YT, Hsieh YC, Lee GC, Liaw SH. Structures of trehalose synthase from Deinococcus radiodurans reveal that a closed conformation is involved in catalysis of the intramolecular isomerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 70:3144-54. [PMID: 25478833 PMCID: PMC4257617 DOI: 10.1107/s1399004714022500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Crystal structures of the wild type and the N253A mutant of trehalose synthase from D. radiodurans in complex with the inhibitor Tris have been determined at 2.7 and 2.21 Å resolution, respectively, and they display a closed conformation for catalysis of the intramolecular isomerization. Trehalose synthase catalyzes the simple conversion of the inexpensive maltose into trehalose with a side reaction of hydrolysis. Here, the crystal structures of the wild type and the N253A mutant of Deinococcus radiodurans trehalose synthase (DrTS) in complex with the inhibitor Tris are reported. DrTS consists of a catalytic (β/α)8 barrel, subdomain B, a C-terminal β domain and two TS-unique subdomains (S7 and S8). The C-terminal domain and S8 contribute the majority of the dimeric interface. DrTS shares high structural homology with sucrose hydrolase, amylosucrase and sucrose isomerase in complex with sucrose, in particular a virtually identical active-site architecture and a similar substrate-induced rotation of subdomain B. The inhibitor Tris was bound and mimics a sugar at the −1 subsite. A maltose was modelled into the active site, and subsequent mutational analysis suggested that Tyr213, Glu320 and Glu324 are essential within the +1 subsite for the TS activity. In addition, the interaction networks between subdomains B and S7 seal the active-site entrance. Disruption of such networks through the replacement of Arg148 and Asn253 with alanine resulted in a decrease in isomerase activity by 8–9-fold and an increased hydrolase activity by 1.5–1.8-fold. The N253A structure showed a small pore created for water entry. Therefore, our DrTS-Tris may represent a substrate-induced closed conformation that will facilitate intramolecular isomerization and minimize disaccharide hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung Lin Wang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Sih Yao Chow
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Yi Ting Lin
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Yu Chiao Hsieh
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Guan Chiun Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Shwu Huey Liaw
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
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19
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Jiang L, Lin M, Zhang Y, Li Y, Xu X, Li S. Identification and characterization of a novel trehalose synthase gene derived from saline-alkali soil metagenomes. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77437. [PMID: 24146994 PMCID: PMC3797794 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel trehalose synthase (TreS) gene was identified from a metagenomic library of saline-alkali soil by a simple activity-based screening system. Sequence analysis revealed that TreS encodes a protein of 552 amino acids, with a deduced molecular weight of 63.3 kDa. After being overexpressed in Escherichia coli and purified, the enzymatic properties of TreS were investigated. The recombinant TreS displayed its optimal activity at pH 9.0 and 45 °C, and the addition of most common metal ions (1 or 30 mM) had no inhibition effect on the enzymatic activity evidently, except for the divalent metal ions Zn2+ and Hg2+. Kinetic analysis showed that the recombinant TreS had a 4.1-fold higher catalytic efficientcy (Kcat/Km) for maltose than for trehalose. The maximum conversion rate of maltose into trehalose by the TreS was reached more than 78% at a relatively high maltose concentration (30%), making it a good candidate in the large-scale production of trehalsoe after further study. In addition, five amino acid residues, His172, Asp201, Glu251, His318 and Asp319, were shown to be conserved in the TreS, which were also important for glycosyl hydrolase family 13 enzyme catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Jiang
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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20
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Chang SW, Liu PT, Hsu LC, Chen CS, Shaw JF. Integrated biocatalytic process for trehalose production and separation from rice hydrolysate using a bioreactor system. Food Chem 2012; 134:1745-53. [PMID: 23442616 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.03.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2011] [Revised: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Rice starch can be hydrolyzed into maltose for trehalose bioconversion by enzymatic methods. In this study, we have successfully established an efficient production system for our recombinant PTTS in large scale. Three bio-treatments were developed to simplify the separation and purification of trehalose from complex rice saccharified liquid. The trehalose conversion rate of 64.63±4.05% at 30 °C can be reached using rice hydrolysate as the substrate in a 5l fermentor system. By 1% of raw material koji fermentation, the highest concentration of bioethanol (3.61±0.07%) was obtained at 30 °C for 36 h. After 12h of reaction time, the gluconic acid (24.47±0.33 mM) was successfully produced by glucose oxidase (40 U/g rice) using residual glucose as a substrate. After the batch/continuous ionic exchange process, the trehalose can be successfully separated, crystallized and identified as 92.6±0.02% purity and 94.2% of the recovery yield, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Wei Chang
- Department of Medicinal Botanicals and Health Care, Dayeh University, Dacun, Changhua 51591, Taiwan
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21
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Wang Y, Zhang J, Wang W, Liu Y, Xing L, Li M. Effects of the N-terminal and C-terminal domains of Meiothermus ruber CBS-01 trehalose synthase on thermostability and activity. Extremophiles 2012; 16:377-85. [DOI: 10.1007/s00792-012-0436-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Gene cloning and characterization of a trehalose synthase from Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC13032. Food Sci Biotechnol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-010-0079-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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23
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Site-directed mutagenesis improves the thermostability of a recombinant Picrophilus torridus trehalose synthase and efficiency for the production of trehalose from sweet potato starch. Food Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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24
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Chang SW, Chang WH, Lee MR, Yang TJ, Yu NY, Chen CS, Shaw JF. Simultaneous production of trehalose, bioethanol, and high-protein product from rice by an enzymatic process. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:2908-2914. [PMID: 20131789 DOI: 10.1021/jf903382e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Rice is a starch-rich raw material that can be used for trehalose production. It can be hydrolyzed with alpha-amylase, beta-amylase, and pullulanase to produce high-maltose content of rice saccharified solution for bioconversion of maltose into trehalose by trehalose synthase (TSase). For this purpose, an efficient enzymatic procedure has been successfully developed to simultaneously produce value-added trehalose, bioethanol, and high-protein product from rice as substrate. The highest maltose yield produced from the liquefied rice starch hydrolysate was 82.4 +/- 2.8% at 50 degrees C and pH 5.0 for 21-22 h. The trehalose conversion rate can reach at least 50% at 50 degrees C and pH 5.0 for 20-24 h by a novel thermostable recombinant Picrophilus torridus trehalose synthase (PTTS). All residual sugar, except trehalose, can be fully hydrolyzed by glucoamylase into glucose for further bioethanol production. The insoluble byproduct containing high yields of protein (75.99%) and dietary fiber (14.01%) can be processed as breakfast cereal product, health food, animal forage, etc. The conversion yield of bioethanol was about 98% after 64 h of fermentation time by Saccharomyces cerevisiae without any artificial culture solution addition. Ethanol can easily be separated from trehalose by distillation with a high recovery yield and purity of crystalline trehalose of 92.5 +/- 8.7% and 92.3%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Wei Chang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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25
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Jia J, Chen W, Ma H, Wang K, Zhao C. Use of a rhodamine-based bifunctional probe in N-terminal specific labeling of Thermomyces lanuginosus xylanase. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2010; 6:1829-33. [DOI: 10.1039/c005223j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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26
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Overexpression and characterization of a thermostable trehalose synthase from Meiothermus ruber. Extremophiles 2009; 14:1-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00792-009-0281-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2009] [Accepted: 09/04/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Del Moral S, Olvera C, Rodriguez ME, Munguia AL. Functional role of the additional domains in inulosucrase (IslA) from Leuconostoc citreum CW28. BMC BIOCHEMISTRY 2008; 9:6. [PMID: 18237396 PMCID: PMC2270844 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2091-9-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2007] [Accepted: 01/31/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Inulosucrase (IslA) from Leuconostoc citreum CW28 belongs to a new subfamily of multidomain fructosyltransferases (FTFs), containing additional domains from glucosyltransferases. It is not known what the function of the additional domains in this subfamily is. Results Through construction of truncated versions we demonstrate that the acquired regions are involved in anchoring IslA to the cell wall; they also confer stability to the enzyme, generating a larger structure that affects its kinetic properties and reaction specificity, particularly the hydrolysis and transglycosylase ratio. The accessibility of larger molecules such as EDTA to the catalytic domain (where a Ca2+ binding site is located) is also affected as demonstrated by the requirement of 100 times higher EDTA concentrations to inactivate IslA with respect to the smallest truncated form. Conclusion The C-terminal domain may have been acquired to anchor inulosucrase to the cell surface. Furthermore, the acquired domains in IslA interact with the catalytic core resulting in a new conformation that renders the enzyme more stable and switch the specificity from a hydrolytic to a transglycosylase mechanism. Based on these results, chimeric constructions may become a strategy to stabilize and modulate biocatalysts based on FTF activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Del Moral
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado postal 510-3, C, P, 62250, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.
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28
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Alarico S, Empadinhas N, Mingote A, Simões C, Santos MS, da Costa MS. Mannosylglycerate is essential for osmotic adjustment in Thermus thermophilus strains HB27 and RQ-1. Extremophiles 2007; 11:833-40. [PMID: 17726574 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-007-0106-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2007] [Accepted: 07/31/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We disrupted the mpgS encoding mannosyl-3-phosphoglycerate synthase (MpgS) of Thermus thermophilus strains HB27 and RQ-1, by homologous recombination, to assess the role of the compatible solute mannosylglycerate (MG) in osmoadaptation of the mutants, to examine their ability to grow in NaCl-containing medium and to identify the intracellular organic solutes. Strain HB27 accumulated only MG when grown in defined medium containing 2% NaCl; mutant HB27M9 did not grow in the same medium containing more than 1% NaCl. When trehalose or MG was added, the mutant was able to grow up to 2% of NaCl and accumulated trehalose or MG, respectively, plus amino acids. T. thermophilus RQ-1 grew in medium containing up to 5% NaCl, accumulated trehalose and lower amounts of MG. Mutant RQ-1M1 lost the ability to grow in medium containing more than 3% NaCl and accumulated trehalose and moderate levels of amino acids. Exogenous MG did not improve the ability of the organism to grow above 3% NaCl, but caused a decrease in the levels of amino acids. Our results show that MG serves as a compatible solute primarily during osmoadaptation at low levels of NaCl while trehalose is primarily involved in osmoadaptation during growth at higher NaCl levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Alarico
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade de Coimbra, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal
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