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The effects of dietary linoleic acid on reducing serum cholesterol and atherosclerosis development are nullified by a high-cholesterol diet in male and female apoE-deficient mice. Br J Nutr 2023; 129:737-744. [PMID: 35570622 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522001325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Linoleic acid (LA) has a two-sided effect with regard to serum cholesterol-lowering and pro-inflammation, although whether this fatty acid reduces serum cholesterol and the development of atherosclerosis under high-cholesterol conditions has yet to be ascertained. In this study, we examine the effects of dietary LA on reducing serum cholesterol and atherosclerosis development under high-cholesterol conditions. Male and female apoE-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice were fed AIN-76-based diets containing 10% SFA and 0·04 % cholesterol, 10% LA and 0·04% low cholesterol (LALC), or 10% LA and 0·1% high cholesterol (LAHC) for 9 weeks. The results revealed significant reduction in serum cholesterol levels and aortic lesions with increasing levels of pro-inflammatory biomarkers (urinary isoprostane and aortic MCP-1 mRNA) in male and female LALC groups compared with those in the SFA groups (P < 0·05). Furthermore, whereas there were significant increases in the serum cholesterol levels and aortic lesions (P < 0·05), there was no difference in aortic MCP-1 mRNA levels in male and female LAHC groups compared with those in the LALC groups. A high-dietary intake of cholesterol eliminated the serum cholesterol-lowering activity of LA but had no significant effect on aortic inflammation in either male or female ApoE-/- mice. The inhibitory effect of LA on arteriosclerosis is cancelled by a high-cholesterol diet due to a direct increase in serum cholesterol levels. Accordingly, serum cholesterol levels might represent a more prominent pathogenic factor than aortic inflammation in promoting the development of atherosclerosis.
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Martínez-Beamonte R, Sánchez-Marco J, Lázaro G, Barco M, Herrero-Continente T, Serrano-Megías M, Botaya D, Arnal C, Barranquero C, Surra JC, Osada J, Navarro MA. Dietary Avian Proteins Are Comparable to Soybean Proteins on the Atherosclerosis Development and Fatty Liver Disease in Apoe-Deficient Mice. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13061838. [PMID: 34072167 PMCID: PMC8227708 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim: The type and amount of dietary protein has become a topic of renewed interest in light of their involvement in metabolic diseases, atherosclerosis and thrombosis. However, little attention has been devoted to the effect of avian proteins despite their wide human consumption. The aim was to investigate the influence of chicken and turkey as sources of protein compared with that of soybean on atherosclerosis and fatty liver disease. Methods and results: To this purpose, male and female Apoe-deficient were fed purified Western diets differing in their protein sources for 12 weeks. After this period, blood, liver, aortic tree and heart base samples were taken for analyses of plasma lipids and atherosclerosis. Plasma triglycerides, non-esterified fatty acids, esterified cholesterol levels and radical oxygen species in lipoproteins changed depending on the diet and sex. Females consuming the turkey protein-containing diet showed decreased atherosclerotic foci, as evidenced by the en face atherosclerosis analyses. The presence of macrophages and smooth muscle cells in plaques were not modified, and no changes were observed in hepatic lipid droplets in the studied groups either. Paraoxonase activity was higher in the group consuming turkey protein without sex differences, but only in females, it was significantly associated with aortic lesion areas. Conclusions: Compared to soybean protein, the consumption of avian proteins depending on sex resulted in similar or lower atherosclerosis development and comparable hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Martínez-Beamonte
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (R.M.-B.); (J.S.-M.); (G.L.); (M.B.); (T.H.-C.); (C.B.); (M.A.N.)
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (C.A.); (J.C.S.)
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Sánchez-Marco
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (R.M.-B.); (J.S.-M.); (G.L.); (M.B.); (T.H.-C.); (C.B.); (M.A.N.)
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (C.A.); (J.C.S.)
| | - Gonzalo Lázaro
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (R.M.-B.); (J.S.-M.); (G.L.); (M.B.); (T.H.-C.); (C.B.); (M.A.N.)
| | - María Barco
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (R.M.-B.); (J.S.-M.); (G.L.); (M.B.); (T.H.-C.); (C.B.); (M.A.N.)
| | - Tania Herrero-Continente
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (R.M.-B.); (J.S.-M.); (G.L.); (M.B.); (T.H.-C.); (C.B.); (M.A.N.)
| | | | - David Botaya
- Aves Nobles y Derivados-Aldelis, E-50197 Zaragoza, Spain; (M.S.-M.); (D.B.)
| | - Carmen Arnal
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (C.A.); (J.C.S.)
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Cristina Barranquero
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (R.M.-B.); (J.S.-M.); (G.L.); (M.B.); (T.H.-C.); (C.B.); (M.A.N.)
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (C.A.); (J.C.S.)
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín C. Surra
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (C.A.); (J.C.S.)
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Huesca, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, E-22071 Huesca, Spain
| | - Jesús Osada
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (R.M.-B.); (J.S.-M.); (G.L.); (M.B.); (T.H.-C.); (C.B.); (M.A.N.)
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (C.A.); (J.C.S.)
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Veterinary School, University of Zaragoza, Miguel Servet, 177, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-976-761644
| | - María A. Navarro
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (R.M.-B.); (J.S.-M.); (G.L.); (M.B.); (T.H.-C.); (C.B.); (M.A.N.)
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (C.A.); (J.C.S.)
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
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Smith BW, Miller RJ, Wilund KR, O’Brien WD, Erdman JW. Effects of Tomato and Soy Germ on Lipid Bioaccumulation and Atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- Mice. J Food Sci 2015; 80:H1918-25. [PMID: 26173004 PMCID: PMC4606862 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Dietary patterns with cardiovascular benefits have been recommended, but the relative contributions of individual foods and food components, alone or in combination, remain undefined. Male ApoE(-/-) mice were fed either a purified AIN-93G control diet, a Western diet (WD), or a WD with 10% tomato powder (TP), 2% soy germ (SG), or the combination, for 4 wk (n = 10 per group). Plasma total cholesterol and triglycerides were measured with enzymatic colorimetric kits, and serum amyloid A (SAA) was measured by ELISA. Liver lipids were extracted with chloroform:methanol, and triglycerides, free and esterified cholesterol measured with enzymatic colorimetric kits. Expression of Cyp27a1, Cyp7a1, Abcg5, and Abcg8 in the liver was determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Sections of the aortic root and aorta were cut and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) to assess extent of atherosclerotic lesions. WD-fed animals had greater liver and adipose weights, plasma cholesterol and SAA, hepatic lipids, and atherosclerosis than AIN-93G animals. TP and SG did not decrease atherosclerosis as measured by H&E-stained sections of the aortic root, aortic arch, and descending aorta. The TP diets further increased plasma cholesterol, but also led to increased expression of the Abcg5/8 transporters involved in cholesterol efflux. Addition of SG alone to the WD attenuated WD-induced increases in plasma cholesterol, liver lipids, and gonadal adipose weight. The results of this study do not support the use of either TP or SG for reduction of atherosclerosis, but suggest some beneficial effects of SG on lipid metabolism in this model of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendon W. Smith
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Bioacoustics Research Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
| | - Rita J. Miller
- Bioacoustics Research Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
| | - Kenneth R. Wilund
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
| | - William D. O’Brien
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Bioacoustics Research Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
| | - John W. Erdman
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
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Dietary pine bark extract reduces atherosclerotic lesion development in male ApoE-deficient mice by lowering the serum cholesterol level. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2009; 73:1314-7. [PMID: 19502728 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.80838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Pine bark extract (PBE) mainly contains proanthocyanidin in oligomers. It has many physiological effects, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and so on. In this study, we investigated whether PBE has an anti-atherogenic effect on apoE-deficient mice. Male and female mice were fed a diet based on an AIN-76 formula (control diet), and that diet supplemented with 2% PBE (the PBF diet). The PBE diet, compared with the control diet, resulted in lowering the body weight gain and the adipose tissue weight in both male and female mice. The lesion area of the valve and the levels of serum and liver cholesterol in the male mice decreased on the PBE diet. The PBE diet had no significant effect on the levels of urinary isoprostanes or serum thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. These results indicate that dietary PBE can have beneficial effects on atherosclerosis development in male apoE-deficient mice by lowering the serum cholesterol level.
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