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Cheng X, Jiang C, Jin J, Jin Q, Akoh CC, Wei W, Wang X. Medium- and Long-Chain Triacylglycerol: Preparation, Health Benefits, and Food Utilization. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2024; 15:381-408. [PMID: 38237045 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-072023-034539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Medium- and long-chain triacylglycerol (MLCT) is a structured lipid with both medium- and long-chain fatty acids in one triacylglycerol molecule. Compared with long-chain triacylglycerol (LCT), which is mainly present in common edible oils, and the physical blend of medium-chain triacylglycerol with LCT (MCT/LCT), MLCT has different physicochemical properties, metabolic characteristics, and nutritional values. In this article, the recent advances in the use of MLCT in food formulations are reviewed. The natural sources and preparation of MLCT are discussed. A comprehensive summary of MLCT digestion, absorption, transport, and oxidation is provided as well as its health benefits, including reducing the risk of overweight, hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic effects, etc. The potential MLCT uses in food formulations, such as infant formulas, healthy foods for weight loss, and sports foods, are summarized. Finally, the current safety assessment and regulatory status of MLCT in food formulations are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China; ,
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Chenyu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China; ,
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jun Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China; ,
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qingzhe Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China; ,
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Casimir C Akoh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China; ,
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xingguo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China; ,
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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2
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Yuan T, Cheng X, Shen L, Liu Z, Ye X, Yan Z, Wei W, Wang X. Novel Human Milk Fat Substitutes Based on Medium- and Long-Chain Triacylglycerol Regulate Thermogenesis, Lipid Metabolism, and Gut Microbiota Diversity in C57BL/6J Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:6213-6225. [PMID: 38501388 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Human milk is naturally rich in medium- and long-chain triacylglycerols (MLCT), accounting for approximately 30% of the total fat. However, infant formula fat is prepared using a physical blend of vegetable oils, which rarely contains MLCT, similar to human milk. The differences in MLCT between human milk and infant formulas may cause different lipid metabolisms and physiological effects on infants, which are unknown. This study aimed to analyze the metabolic characteristics of formula lipid containing novel human milk fat substitutes based on MLCT (FL-MLCT) and compare their effects with those of the physical blend of vegetable oils (FL-PB) on lipid metabolism and gut microbiota in mice. Compared with the FL-PB group, the FL-MLCT group showed increased energy expenditure, decreased serum triacylglycerol level, and significantly lower aspartate aminotransferase level, epididymal and perirenal fat weight, and adipocyte size. Moreover, the abundances of Firmicutes/Bacteroidota, Actinobacteriota, and Desulfovibrionaceae were significantly decreased in the FL-MLCT group. Novel human milk fat substitutes MLCT could inhibit visceral fat accumulation, improve liver function, and modulate the mice gut microbiota composition, which may contribute to controlling obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinglan Yuan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Biological and Chemical Processing Technologies of Farm Product, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Xinyi Cheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Lingzhi Shen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhengdong Liu
- Inner Mongolia Mengniu Dairy (Group) Co., Ltd., Huhhot 011517, China
- Yashili International Group Ltd., Guangzhou 510057, China
| | - Xingwang Ye
- Inner Mongolia Mengniu Dairy (Group) Co., Ltd., Huhhot 011517, China
- Yashili International Group Ltd., Guangzhou 510057, China
| | - Zhiyuan Yan
- Inner Mongolia Mengniu Dairy (Group) Co., Ltd., Huhhot 011517, China
- Yashili International Group Ltd., Guangzhou 510057, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xingguo Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Xu H, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Lou Q, Guan X, Jin J, Jin Q, Wang X. Characteristics of Cephalotaxus fortunei kernel oil and its digestion behaviors. Food Chem 2023; 426:136466. [PMID: 37352711 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Cephalotaxus fortunei, a potential underutilized oil resource, contains various active ingredients that exert positive effects on human health. In the present study, characteristics of C. fortunei kernel oil and its digestion properties were systematically investigated. Results indicated that C. fortunei kernels contained high oil content (64.59%), of which over 90% was triacylglycerols (TAGs). The kernel oil was rich in oleic acid (C18:1n-9, 42.88%), linoleic acid (C18:2n-6, 31.05%), and sciadonic acid (C20:3n-6, 10.78%). The kernel oil also contained some beneficial fat-soluble nutrients, such as tocopherols (143 mg/kg) and phytosterols (1474 mg/kg). Thirty-five kinds of TAGs were identified, among which O-O-L (17.96%), O-O-O (12.12%), L-L-O (11.79%), O-L-Et (8.59%), and O-O-Et (8.76%) were the most abundant. In vitro digestion experiments showed that after 120 min of small intestine digestion, the maximum FFAs release level of the kernel oil was 75.02%, which was lower than that of soybean oil (89.63%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yandan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yiren Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Qiaoming Lou
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, 315211, China
| | | | - Jun Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Qingzhe Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xingguo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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4
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Analysis of Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Idesia polycarpa Pulp Oil from Five Regions in China. Foods 2023; 12:foods12061251. [PMID: 36981177 PMCID: PMC10048772 DOI: 10.3390/foods12061251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Idesia polycarpa pulp oil (IPPO) has the potential to become the new high-quality vegetable oil. The chemical parameters, fatty acid composition, bioactive ingredients, and antioxidant capacity of five Chinese regions of IPPO were studied comparatively, with significant differences among the regions. The oils were all abundant in unsaturated fatty acids, including linoleic acid (63.07 ± 0.03%–70.69 ± 0.02%), oleic acid (5.20 ± 0.01%–7.49 ± 0.03%), palmitoleic acid (4.31 ± 0.01%–8.19 ± 0.01%) and linolenic acid (0.84 ± 0.03%–1.34 ± 0.01%). IPPO is also rich in active substances such as tocopherols (595.05 ± 11.81–1490.20 ± 20.84 mg/kg), which are made up of α, β, γ and δ isomers, β-sitosterol (1539.83 ± 52.41–2498.17 ± 26.05 mg/kg) and polyphenols (106.77 ± 0.86–266.50 ± 2.04 mg GAE/kg oil). The free radical scavenging capacity of IPPO varies significantly depending on the region. This study may provide important guidance for the selection of Idesia polycarpa and offer insights into the industrial application of IPPO in China.
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Kanprakobkit W, Kielarova SW, Wichai U, Bunyapraphatsara N, Kielar F. Incrementing MCT Character of Coconut Oil Using Enzyme Catalyzed Interesterification. J Oleo Sci 2023; 72:87-97. [PMID: 36504191 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess22269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The fatty acid composition of coconut oil was modified using enzyme catalyzed interesterification with the aim of obtaining a product more alike to commercial MCT oils. This modification was carried out with the aim to obtain a product with some of the health benefits shown by MCT oils. Initially, lipase B from Candida antarctica immobilized on acrylic resin and lipozyme TL IM were tested as enzyme catalysts for the reaction. The enzyme catalysts have shown similar performance and lipozyme TL IM has been chosen as the catalyst based on its lower cost. The effects of reaction time, oil to methyl octanoate ratio, and enzyme loading on the reaction performance have been investigated with response surface methodology (RSM) utilizing the Box-Behnken approach. The optimized reaction was scaled up to 20 g. The possibility to source the medium chain fatty acid esters from coconut oil fatty acid distillate using a simple procedure was demonstrated and the possibility to use these esters for the interesterification of coconut oil has been demonstrated as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winranath Kanprakobkit
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence in Biomaterials, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University
| | | | - Uthai Wichai
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence in Biomaterials, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University
| | | | - Filip Kielar
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence in Biomaterials, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University
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6
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Sharma K, Kumar M, Lorenzo JM, Guleria S, Saxena S. Manoeuvring the physicochemical and nutritional properties of vegetable oils through blending. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aocs.12661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Sharma
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology Mumbai India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology Mumbai India
- Department of Biology East Carolina University Greenville North Carolina USA
| | - Jose M. Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia Parque Tecnológico de Galicia Ourense Spain
- Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense Universidad de Vigo Ourense Spain
| | - Sanjay Guleria
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Science Sher‐e‐Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology Jammu India
| | - Sujata Saxena
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology Mumbai India
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Modupalli N, Krisshnan A, C K S, D V C, Natarajan V, Koidis A, Rawson A. Effect of novel combination processing technologies on extraction and quality of rice bran oil. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:1911-1933. [PMID: 36106441 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2119367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Rice bran, a primary by-product from the rice processing industries, containing 10-15% oil, attracts significant attention from consumers due to its many health-promoting effects. The extraction methodology used is one of the most critical factors affecting the quality and yield of oil from rice bran. Using solvents is the current commercial process for rice bran oil extraction, which has its setbacks. It is challenging and expensive, and there is a risk of traces of solvent residue in the oil. Emerging combination extraction technologies offer zero to minimal solvent residues or chemical deformation while considering increasing environmental and energy footprint. Emerging combination processing technologies include new-age methods like supercritical fluid extraction, sub-critical fluid extraction, ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction, ohmic heating, and microwave-assisted extraction. These techniques have been reported to extract oil from rice bran, improving extraction efficiency and quality. These techniques demonstrate solid prospects for future applications. The present review discusses and compares these emerging technologies for oil extraction from rice bran commercially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikitha Modupalli
- National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Thanjavur, India
| | - Anitha Krisshnan
- National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Thanjavur, India
| | - Sunil C K
- National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Thanjavur, India
| | - Chidanand D V
- National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Thanjavur, India
| | | | - Anastasios Koidis
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Ashish Rawson
- National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Thanjavur, India
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8
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Hypolipidemic Effect of Hemp Seed Oil from the Northern Morocco Endemic Beldiya Ecotype in a Mice Model: Comparison with Fenofibrate Hypolipidemic Drugs. J FOOD QUALITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/9142395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Cannabis sativa is a source of oil seeds for pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food uses. Objective. The aim of this study is to evaluate the hypolipidemic effect of hemp seed oil (HSO) obtained from a local ecotype called “Beldiya.” Methods. The extraction of HSO was carried out by cold press method. Then, the fatty acid and tocopherol composition was analyzed, respectively, by GC-FID and HPLC. The hypolipidemic activity of HSO at a dose of 3.5 and 7 mg/kg body weight was evaluated in Triton WR-1339-induced hyperlipidemic mice by measuring plasma cholesterol (total lipid, HDL, and LDL), plasma triglycerides, and atherogenic index using enzymatic methods. Fenofibrate was used as a standard hypolipidemic drug at a dose of 3.5 mg/kg body weight. Results. Analyzed HSO shows a high unsaturated fatty acids’ content with the dominance of linoleic acid (48.85%), oleic acid (21.82%), as well as α- and γ-linolenic acid (14.72%). The result demonstrates that this typical vegetable oil contains a high concentration of γ-tocopherol (456 mg·kg−1 oil). Furthermore, the administration of HSO decreases plasma total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL-cholesterol while increases HDL-cholesterol. Consequently, the HSO reduces the atherogenic index and LDL/HDL ratio. The hypolipidemic effect of fenofibrate is relatively more marked comparatively to that of HSO especially concerning total cholesterol and its LDL fraction. Conclusions. The local ecotype HSO has an interesting effect on plasma lipid parameters and might be beneficial for the treatment of hyperlipidemia and prevention of atherosclerosis.
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Zhou S, Wen Y, Duan Y, Li Q, Gao Y, Yu X. Functional Properties and Composition of New “Nut” Oil Obtained from
Xanthium sibiricum
Seeds. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.202100135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhou
- College of Food Science and Engineering Northwest A&F University 22 Xinong Road Yangling Shaanxi 712100 P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Grain and Oil Functionalized Processing Universities of Shaanxi Province 22 Xinong Road Yangling Shaanxi 712100 P. R. China
| | - Yuxiu Wen
- College of Food Science and Engineering Northwest A&F University 22 Xinong Road Yangling Shaanxi 712100 P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Grain and Oil Functionalized Processing Universities of Shaanxi Province 22 Xinong Road Yangling Shaanxi 712100 P. R. China
| | - Yiting Duan
- College of Food Science and Engineering Northwest A&F University 22 Xinong Road Yangling Shaanxi 712100 P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Grain and Oil Functionalized Processing Universities of Shaanxi Province 22 Xinong Road Yangling Shaanxi 712100 P. R. China
| | - Qi Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering Northwest A&F University 22 Xinong Road Yangling Shaanxi 712100 P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Grain and Oil Functionalized Processing Universities of Shaanxi Province 22 Xinong Road Yangling Shaanxi 712100 P. R. China
| | - Yuan Gao
- College of Food Science and Engineering Northwest A&F University 22 Xinong Road Yangling Shaanxi 712100 P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Grain and Oil Functionalized Processing Universities of Shaanxi Province 22 Xinong Road Yangling Shaanxi 712100 P. R. China
| | - Xiuzhu Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering Northwest A&F University 22 Xinong Road Yangling Shaanxi 712100 P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Grain and Oil Functionalized Processing Universities of Shaanxi Province 22 Xinong Road Yangling Shaanxi 712100 P. R. China
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10
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ASLAM M, SHABBIR MA, PASHA I, SHUKAT R, SIDDIQUE U, MANZOOR MF, AYUB S. Protective effect of sesame (sesamum indicum) seed oil against hypercholesterolemic in sprague-dawley male rats. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.35320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Umera SIDDIQUE
- University of Agriculture, Pakistan; Superior University Lahore, Pakistan
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11
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Hou Z, Zhu L, Meng R, Wang B. Hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities of Trichosanthes kirilowii maxim seed oil and flavonoids in mice fed with a high-fat diet. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13272. [PMID: 32478901 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Trichosanlhes kirilowii Maxim seed oil (TSO) is rich in conjugated linolenic acids, and the flavonoids (FLA) combined with n-3 fatty acids can effectively change the plasma antioxidant capacity. Hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress are one of the most important risk factors for cardiovascular disease. This study aims to evaluate the effect of the TSO, FLA, and TSO combined with FLA (TSOFLA) intake on hyperlipemia mice. TSO and TSOFLA administration resulted in a significant decline in serum levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol. TSOFLA improved the hepatic and serum antioxidant status as assessed by superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase activities, and reduced the levels of lipid peroxidation. Hematoxylin-eosin staining of liver and aorta tissue has shown a marked reduction of the hyperlipidemia-induced lesions by gavage TSOFLA. Compared with TSO and FLA, TSOFLA has more significant hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities, which effects may be correlated to the synergy between TSO and FLA. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Dyslipidemia is a common metabolic disorder, which is characterized by triglyceride levels increased, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Lipid-lowering treatment can reduce the expansion of coronary atherosclerosis, and particular the dietary lipids have important roles in controlling the concentrations of these risk factors. This is the first study evaluating the hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities effects of Trichosanlhes kirilowii Maxim seed oil (TSO), flavonoids (FLA), and TSO combined with FLA (TSOFLA) intake on hyperlipemia mice caused by a high-fat diet. The pharmacological effects of dietary TSOFLA are correlated to its high content of unsaturated fatty acids and flavonoids. This information can be of interest to the development of food supplements in the field of diseases associated with high-fat intakes such as cardiovascular diseases and adiposis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongkun Hou
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liancai Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Run Meng
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bochu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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12
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Optimization of the production of structured lipid by enzymatic interesterification from coconut (Cocos nucifera) oil and sesame (Sesamum indicum) oil using Response Surface Methodology. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2018.11.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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13
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Shen Y, Zheng L, Jin J, Li X, Fu J, Wang M, Guan Y, Song X. Phytochemical and Biological Characteristics of Mexican Chia Seed Oil. Molecules 2018; 23:E3219. [PMID: 30563201 PMCID: PMC6321551 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to investigate the chemical profile, nutritional quality, antioxidant and hypolipidemic effects of Mexican chia seed oil (CSO) in vitro. Chemical characterization of CSO indicated the content of α-linolenic acid (63.64% of total fatty acids) to be the highest, followed by linoleic acid (19.84%), and saturated fatty acid (less than 11%). Trilinolenin content (53.44% of total triacylglycerols (TAGs)) was found to be the highest among seven TAGs in CSO. The antioxidant capacity of CSO, evaluated with ABTS•+ and DPPH• methods, showed mild antioxidant capacity when compared with Tocopherol and Catechin. In addition, CSO was found to lower triglyceride (TG) and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels by 25.8% and 72.9%respectively in a HepG2 lipid accumulation model. As CSO exhibits these chemical and biological characteristics, it is a potential resource of essential fatty acids for human use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingbin Shen
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Liyou Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Jun Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Xiaojing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Junning Fu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Mingzhong Wang
- Shenzhen Kivita Innovative Drug Discovery Institute, Shenzhen 518110, China.
| | - Yifu Guan
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China.
| | - Xun Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
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14
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Perez-Ternero C, Alvarez de Sotomayor M, Herrera MD. Contribution of ferulic acid, γ-oryzanol and tocotrienols to the cardiometabolic protective effects of rice bran. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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15
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Sun R, Ye R, Gao L, Zhang L, Wang R, Mao T, Zheng Y, Li D, Lin Y. Characterization and Ectopic Expression of CoWRI1, an AP2/EREBP Domain-Containing Transcription Factor from Coconut ( Cocos nucifera L.) Endosperm, Changes the Seeds Oil Content in Transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana and Rice ( Oryza sativa L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:63. [PMID: 28179911 PMCID: PMC5263148 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) is a key tropical crop and a member of the monocotyledonous family Arecaceae (Palmaceae). Few genes and related metabolic processes involved in coconut endosperm development have been investigated. In this study, a new member of the WRI1 gene family was isolated from coconut endosperm and was named CoWRI1. Its transcriptional activities and interactions with the acetyl-CoA carboxylase (BCCP2) promoter of CoWRI1 were confirmed by the yeast two-hybrid and yeast one-hybrid approaches, respectively. Functional characterization was carried out through seed-specific expression in Arabidopsis and endosperm-specific expression in rice. In transgenic Arabidopsis, high over-expressions of CoWRI1 in seven independent T2 lines were detected by quantitative real-time PCR. The relative mRNA accumulation of genes encoding enzymes involved in either fatty acid biosynthesis or triacylglycerols assembly (BCCP2, KASI, MAT, ENR, FATA, and GPDH) were also assayed in mature seeds. Furthermore, lipid and fatty acids C16:0 and C18:0 significantly increased. In two homozygous T2 transgenic rice lines (G5 and G2), different CoWRI1 expression levels were detected, but no CoWRI1 transcripts were detected in the wild type. Analyses of the seed oil content, starch content, and total protein content indicated that the two T2 transgenic lines showed a significant increase (P < 0.05) in seed oil content. The transgenic lines also showed a significant increase in starch content, whereas total protein content decreased significantly. Further analysis of the fatty acid composition revealed that palmitic acid (C16:0) and linolenic acid (C18:3) increased significantly in the seeds of the transgenic rice lines, but oleic acid (C18:1) levels significantly declined.
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Affiliation(s)
- RuHao Sun
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Hainan UniversityHaikou, China
| | - Rongjian Ye
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Lingchao Gao
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Hainan UniversityHaikou, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Hainan UniversityHaikou, China
| | - Rui Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Ting Mao
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Hainan UniversityHaikou, China
| | - Yusheng Zheng
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Hainan UniversityHaikou, China
| | - Dongdong Li
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Hainan UniversityHaikou, China
- *Correspondence: Dongdong Li, Yongjun Lin,
| | - Yongjun Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Dongdong Li, Yongjun Lin,
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16
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Ali RFM, El-Anany AM. Hypolipidemic and Hypocholesterolemic Effect of Roselle ( Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) Seeds Oil in Experimental Male Rats. J Oleo Sci 2017; 66:41-49. [DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess16126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rehab F. M. Ali
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University
| | - Ayman M. El-Anany
- Department of Special Food and Nutrition Researches, Food Tech. Res. Institute; Agricultural Research Center
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17
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Hashempour-Baltork F, Torbati M, Azadmard-Damirchi S, Savage GP. Vegetable oil blending: A review of physicochemical, nutritional and health effects. Trends Food Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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18
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Ishaka A, Imam MU, Ismail M, Mahmud R, Abu Bakar ZZ. Nanoemulsified gamma-oryzanol rich fraction blend regulates hepatic cholesterol metabolism and cardiovascular disease risk in hypercholesterolaemic rats. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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19
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Afonso MS, Lavrador MSF, Koike MK, Cintra DE, Ferreira FD, Nunes VS, Castilho G, Gioielli LA, Paula Bombo R, Catanozi S, Caldini EG, Damaceno-Rodrigues NR, Passarelli M, Nakandakare ER, Lottenberg AM. Dietary interesterified fat enriched with palmitic acid induces atherosclerosis by impairing macrophage cholesterol efflux and eliciting inflammation. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 32:91-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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20
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He Z, Zhu H, Li W, Zeng M, Wu S, Chen S, Qin F, Chen J. Chemical components of cold pressed kernel oils from different Torreya grandis cultivars. Food Chem 2016; 209:196-202. [PMID: 27173552 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The chemical compositions of cold pressed kernel oils of seven Torreya grandis cultivars from China were analyzed in this study. The contents of the chemical components of T. grandis kernels and kernel oils varied to different extents with the cultivar. The T. grandis kernels contained relatively high oil and protein content (45.80-53.16% and 10.34-14.29%, respectively). The kernel oils were rich in unsaturated fatty acids including linoleic (39.39-47.77%), oleic (30.47-37.54%) and eicosatrienoic acid (6.78-8.37%). The kernel oils contained some abundant bioactive substances such as tocopherols (0.64-1.77mg/g) consisting of α-, β-, γ- and δ-isomers; sterols including β-sitosterol (0.90-1.29mg/g), campesterol (0.06-0.32mg/g) and stigmasterol (0.04-0.18mg/g) in addition to polyphenols (9.22-22.16μgGAE/g). The results revealed that the T. grandis kernel oils possessed the potentially important nutrition and health benefits and could be used as oils in the human diet or functional ingredients in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China.
| | - Haidong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Wangling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Maomao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Shengfang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Shangwei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Fang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China.
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21
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Ract JNR, Soares FASDM, Rodrigues HG, Bortolon JR, Murata GM, Gonçalves MIA, Hatanaka E, Curi R, Gioielli LA. Production of vegetable oil blends and structured lipids and their effect on wound healing. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-82502015000200019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
<p>Two oil blends (sunflower/canola oils 85/15 (BL1) and canola/linseed oils 70/30 (BL2)), were prepared and enzymatically interesterified to be applied to surgically-induced wounds in rats. Following surgery, the animals were submitted to the Treatment with Physiological Saline (TPS) (control group), Blends (TBL), and Structured Lipids (TSL). The control group (TPS) received physiological saline solution for 15 days. In TBL, BL1 was administered during the inflammation phase (days 0-3) and BL2 in the tissue formation and remodeling phase (days 4-15). In TSL, Structured Lipid 1 (SL1) and Structured Lipid 2 (SL2) were used instead of BL1 and BL2, respectively. The aim of this study was to compare wound closure evolution among rats treated with the blends or structured lipids versus control rats treated with physiological saline. The wound healing process was evaluated by measuring the wound areas along the treatments and the concentrations of cytokines. An increase in the areas of wounds treated with the blends and structured lipids in the inflammatory phase was observed, followed by a steeper closure curve compared to wounds treated with physiological saline. The changes observed during the inflammatory phase suggest a potential therapeutic application in cutaneous wound healing which should be further investigated.</p>
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rui Curi
- Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
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22
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Retention of natural antioxidants of blends of groundnut and sunflower oils with minor oils during storage and frying. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2015; 52:849-57. [PMID: 25694693 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-013-1069-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Unrefined groundnut oil (GNO) and refined sunflower oil (SFO) were blended with four minor oils including laboratory refined red palmolein (RRPO), physically refined rice bran oil (RBO), unrefined sesame oil (SESO), and unrefined coconut oil (CNO) containing natural antioxidants viz., β-carotene, tocopherols, oryzanol and lignans. The five blends prepared were GNO + RRPO (80:20), GNO + RBO (80:20), GNO + SESO (80:20), SFO + RRPO (50:50) and SFO + CNO (60:40). Prepared blends contained saturated fatty acids (SFA) (16.7-53.3 %); monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) (16.0-45.5 %) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (29.2-37.8 %). GNO blends viz., GNO + RRPO, GNO + RBO and GNO + SESO contained β-carotene (10.7 mg/100 g), oryzanol (0.12 g/100 g) and lignans (0.35 g/100 g) respectively as natural antioxidants. SFO was enriched with β-carotene (28.7 mg/100 g) and medium chain fatty acids (34.2 %) by blending with RRPO and CNO respectively. The oil blends (200 ml) were packed and stored at 38 °C/90 % relative humidity (RH) and 27 °C/65 % RH and samples were withdrawn at fixed intervals for analysis. Freshly prepared blends were also investigated for their frying performance. During storage, GNO + RBO blend showed highest oxidative stability probably due to the presence of oryzanol in the order GNO + RBO > GNO + SESO > GNO + RRPO. During frying, the peroxide value of GNO blends with RBO (rich in oryzanol) and SESO (rich in lignans) was less while the free fatty acid value was less in SFO blends with RRPO and CNO. Hence, blending of natural antioxidants rich minor oils (RRPO, RBO and SESO) with the major vegetable oils (GNO and SFO) may preserve them by lowering their rate of oxidation during storage and frying.
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23
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Li Y, Ma WJ, Qi BK, Rokayya S, Li D, Wang J, Feng HX, Sui XN, Jiang LZ. Blending of Soybean Oil with Selected Vegetable Oils: Impact on Oxidative Stability and Radical Scavenging Activity. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:2583-9. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.6.2583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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24
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Montserrat-de la Paz S, Marín-Aguilar F, García-Giménez MD, Fernández-Arche MA. Hemp ( Cannabis sativa L.) seed oil: analytical and phytochemical characterization of the unsaponifiable fraction. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:1105-10. [PMID: 24422510 DOI: 10.1021/jf404278q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Non-drug varieties of Cannabis sativa L., collectively namely as "hemp", have been an interesting source of food, fiber, and medicine for thousands of years. The ever-increasing demand for vegetables oils has made it essential to characterize additional vegetable oil through innovative uses of its components. The lipid profile showed that linoleic (55%), α-linolenic (16%), and oleic (11%) were the most abundant fatty acids. A yield (1.84-1.92%) of unsaponifiable matter was obtained, and the most interesting compounds were β-sitosterol (1905.00 ± 59.27 mg/kg of oil), campesterol (505.69 ± 32.04 mg/kg of oil), phytol (167.59 ± 1.81 mg/kg of oil), cycloartenol (90.55 ± 3.44 mg/kg of oil), and γ-tocopherol (73.38 ± 2.86 mg/100 g of oil). This study is an interesting contribution for C. sativa L. consideration as a source of bioactive compounds contributing to novel research applications for hemp seed oil in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic food, and other non-food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Montserrat-de la Paz
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville , 41012 Seville, Spain
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25
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A review of the research progress on the bioactive ingredients and physiological activities of rice bran oil. Eur Food Res Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-013-2149-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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26
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Friedman M. Rice brans, rice bran oils, and rice hulls: composition, food and industrial uses, and bioactivities in humans, animals, and cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:10626-10641. [PMID: 24175575 DOI: 10.1021/jf403635v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Rice plants produce bioactive rice brans and hulls that have been reported to have numerous health-promoting effects in cells, animals, and humans. The main objective of this review is to consolidate and integrate the widely scattered information on the composition and the antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and immunostimulating effects of rice brans from different rice cultivars, rice bran oils derived from rice brans, rice hulls, liquid rice hull smoke derived from rice hulls, and some of their bioactive compounds. As part of this effort, this paper also presents brief summaries on the preparation of health-promoting foods including bread, corn flakes, frankfurters, ice cream, noodles, pasta, tortillas, and zero-trans-fat shortening as well as industrial products such bioethanol and biodiesel fuels. Also covered are antibiotic, antiallergic, anticarcinogenic, antidiabetic, cardiovascular, allelochemical, and other beneficial effects and the mechanisms of the bioactivities. The results show that food-compatible and safe formulations with desirable nutritional and biological properties can be used to develop new multifunctional foods as well as bioethanol and biodiesel fuel. The overlapping aspects are expected to contribute to a better understanding of the potential impact of the described health-promoting potential of the rice-derived brans, oils, and hulls in food and medicine. Such an understanding will enhance nutrition and health and benefit the agricultural and industrial economies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mendel Friedman
- Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture , 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, California 94710, United States
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27
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Vegetable oil blends with α-linolenic acid rich Garden cress oil modulate lipid metabolism in experimental rats. Food Chem 2012; 135:2845-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.05.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Revised: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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28
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Fu J, Zhang XW, Liu K, Li QS, Zhang LR, Yang XH, Zhang ZM, Li CZ, Luo Y, He ZX, Zhu HL. Hypolipidemic Activity in Sprague-Dawley Rats and Constituents of a Novel Natural Vegetable Oil from Cornus Wilsoniana Fruits. J Food Sci 2012; 77:H160-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2012.02786.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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29
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Ying Z, Desikan R, Xu X, Maiseyeu A, Liu C, Sun Q, Ziouzenkova O, Parthasarathy S, Rajagopalan S. Modified methylenedioxyphenol analogs lower LDL cholesterol through induction of LDL receptor expression. J Lipid Res 2012; 53:879-887. [PMID: 22355094 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m022806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Although statin therapy is a cornerstone of current low density lipoprotein (LDL)-lowering strategies, there is a need for additional therapies to incrementally lower plasma LDL cholesterol. In this study, we investigated the effect of several methylenedioxyphenol derivatives in regulating LDL cholesterol through induction of LDL receptor (LDLR). INV-403, a modified methylenedioxyphenol derivative, increased LDLR mRNA and protein expression in HepG2 cells in a dose- and time-dependent fashion. These effects were apparent even under conditions of HMG-CoA reductase inhibition. Electrophoresis migration shift assays demonstrated that INV-403 activates SREBP2 but not SREBP1c, with immunoblot analysis showing an increased expression of the mature form of SREBP2. Knockdown of SREBP2 reduced the effect of INV-403 on LDLR expression. The activation of SREBP2 by INV-403 is partly mediated by Akt/GSK3β pathways through inhibition of phosphorylation-dependent degradation by ubiquitin-proteosome pathway. Treatment of C57Bl/6j mice with INV-403 for two weeks increased hepatic SREBP2 levels (mature form) and upregulated LDLR with concomitant lowering of plasma LDL levels. Transient expression of a LDLR promoter-reporter construct, a SRE-mutant LDLR promoter construct, and a SRE-only construct in HepG2 cells revealed an effect predominantly through a SRE-dependent mechanism. INV-403 lowered plasma LDL cholesterol levels through LDLR upregulation. These results indicate a role for small molecule approaches other than statins for lowering LDL cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhekang Ying
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; and
| | | | - Xiaohua Xu
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; and
| | - Andrei Maiseyeu
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; and
| | - Cuiqing Liu
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; and
| | - Qinghua Sun
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; and
| | - Ouiliana Ziouzenkova
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; and
| | | | - Sanjay Rajagopalan
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; and.
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30
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Hypolipidemic effect of oryzanol concentrate and low temperature extracted crude rice bran oil in experimental male wistar rats. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2012; 51:1278-85. [PMID: 24966420 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-012-0628-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Blends of refined groundnut oil (GNO) and oryzanol concentrate having 3, 5, and 10% oryzanol in the blend, and a rice bran oil (RBO) which had retained all the nutrients such as oryzanol, tocopherols and tocotrienols and the unsaponifiable matter components of crude oil (GWF RBO) were prepared. Weanling rats were fed with diet containing the oil blends/rice bran oil at 10% level for 60 days and then dissected. The lipid profiles in serum, liver were investigated and the cholesterol levels were marginally reduced (7-16% in serum, 10-14.5% in liver) in rats fed oryzanol containing diet. RBO, GWF RBO containing diets showed a reduction of serum cholesterol by 14%, 15% respectively when compared to those fed with GNO. Serum and liver lipid analysis also showed significant change in TG concentration in rats fed blended oils containing oryzanol compared to the rats given GNO. Histology of liver and kidneys did not show changes. These studies indicated that oryzanol has an effect in lowering serum and liver cholesterol and shows antiatherogenic properties when incorporated into groundnut oil.
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31
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Reena MB, Lokesh BR. Effect of blending and lipase catalyzed interesterification reaction on the cholesterol lowering properties of palm oil with rice bran oil in rats. Int J Food Sci Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2011.02827.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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32
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Hydrodynamic, thermo-analytical and molecular structural investigations of enzyme interesterified oil and its thermo-oxidative stability by thermogravimetric analysis. J FOOD ENG 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2011.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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33
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Advanced analysis of nutraceuticals. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2011; 55:758-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2010] [Revised: 11/19/2010] [Accepted: 11/23/2010] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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34
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Lipase-Mediated Interesterification of Oils for Improving Rheological, Heat Transfer Properties and Stability During Deep-Fat Frying. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-010-0485-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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35
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Reena MB, Gowda LR, Lokesh BR. Enhanced hypocholesterolemic effects of interesterified oils are mediated by upregulating LDL receptor and cholesterol 7-α- hydroxylase gene expression in rats. J Nutr 2011; 141:24-30. [PMID: 21106933 DOI: 10.3945/jn.110.127027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The concentration of LDL cholesterol in plasma is strongly influenced by the amount and type of lipid in the diet. Our studies have shown that positional changes in the fatty acids in blended oil introduced using lipase-catalyzed interesterification differentially modulate circulating LDL levels in rats compared with those observed in rats given a physical blend of oils. To investigate the molecular basis of these differences, transcriptional profiling of genes involved in cholesterol homeostasis was studied after feeding rats with a semipurified diet containing 10% fat from native oils; coconut oil (CNO), rice bran oil (RBO), or sesame oil (SESO); blended (B); CNO+RBO(B) or CNO+SESO(B) and interesterified oil (I); CNO+RBO(I) or CNO+SESO(I) for 60 d. Hepatic LDL receptor (LDL-R) expression significantly increased in rats fed interesterified oils by 100-200% compared with rats fed blended oils and by 400-500% compared with rats fed CNO. Positional alteration in fatty acids of oils used in the diet induced changes in LDL-R expression, which was accompanied by parallel changes in cholesterol-7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) and SREBP-2 genes. This suggested that not only the fatty acid type but also its position in the TG of dietary lipids play an important role in maintaining plasma cholesterol levels by suitably modulating gene expression for LDL-R in rat liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malongil B Reena
- Department of Lipid Science and Traditional Foods, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Mysore-570 020, India
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36
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Hypolipidemic effect of blends of coconut oil with soybean oil or sunflower oil in experimental rats. Food Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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37
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Reena MB, Lokesh BR. Effect of feeding blended and interesterified vegetable oils on antioxidant enzymes in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 49:136-43. [PMID: 20937347 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2010] [Revised: 09/06/2010] [Accepted: 10/02/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of feeding blended and interesterified oils prepared using coconut oil (CNO) with rice bran oil (RBO) or sesame oil (SESO), with a polyunsaturated/saturated (P/S) ratio of 0.8-1.0, on oxidative stress and endogenous antioxidant system. Feeding blended oils resulted in significantly increased hepatic lipid peroxide levels in rats given blended oil CNO+RBO or CNO+SESO by 1.3 and 1.6-fold, respectively compared to rats fed diet containing CNO. The lipid peroxide level in erythrocyte membrane also increased in rats fed blended oil compared to rats fed with CNO. Rats fed interesterified oils prepared from these blended oils also showed increased lipid peroxide level compared to rats given CNO diet, however it was not significantly different from rats fed with their respective blends. There was a significant increase in the activity of endogenous antioxidant enzymes super oxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-s-transferase after feeding blended and interesterified oils. The activities of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase and Ca(2+)/Mg(2+)-ATPase were increased in rats fed blended and interesterified oils. These results indicated that the P/S ratio of dietary fat is an important factor in determining the oxidative stress, activity of endogenous antioxidant enzymes and activity of membrane bound enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malongil B Reena
- Department of Lipid Science and Traditional Foods, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Mysore, India
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38
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39
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Reena MB, Krishnakantha TP, Lokesh BR. Lowering of platelet aggregation and serum eicosanoid levels in rats fed with a diet containing coconut oil blends with rice bran oil or sesame oil. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2010; 83:151-60. [PMID: 20674318 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2010.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2010] [Revised: 06/11/2010] [Accepted: 06/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The present investigation was undertaken to study the effects of feeding a diet containing blended and interesterified fat to rats on thrombotic parameters such as platelet aggregation and eicosanoid levels in blood serum. Male Wistar rats were fed with a diet containing 10% fat from native; coconut oil (CNO), rice bran oil (RBO), sesame oil (SESO), blended; (CNO+RBO blend (B), CNO+SESO(B), or interesterified oils; CNO+RBO interesterified (I), CNO+SESO(I) for a period of 60 days. Rats given a diet containing blended oil of CNO+RBO(B) or CNO+SESO(B) showed a decrease in rate of ADP induced aggregation of platelets by 34% and 30%, respectively, compared to those fed with CNO. Aggregation induced by collagen was also reduced similarly in rats given blended or interesterified oils of CNO with RBO or SESO. Feeding interesterified oil CNO+RBO(I), and CNO+SESO(I) to rats also resulted in decrease in rate of ADP induced platelet aggregation by 37% and 34%, respectively, compared to rats fed with CNO. The prostacyclin/thromboxane ratio in serum was increased in rats fed with blended and interesterified oil compared to those fed with CNO. These results indicated that CNO when blended or interesterified with RBO or SESO exhibit antithrombotic effects as compared to the effect observed by feeding rats with CNO.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Reena
- Department of Lipid Science and Traditional Foods, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Mysore 570 020, India.
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Triacylglycerol structure and interesterification of palmitic and stearic acid-rich fats: an overview and implications for cardiovascular disease. Nutr Res Rev 2009; 22:3-17. [PMID: 19442321 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422409369267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The position of fatty acids in the TAG molecule (sn-1, sn-2 and sn-3) determines the physical properties of the fat, which affects its absorption, metabolism and distribution into tissues, which may have implications for the risk of CHD. The TAG structure of fats can be manipulated by the process of interesterification, which is of increasing commercial importance, as it can be used to change the physical characteristics of a fat without the generation of trans-fatty acids. Interesterified fats rich in long-chain SFA are commercially important, but few studies have investigated their health effects. Evidence from animal and human infant studies suggests that TAG structure and interesterification affect digestibility, atherogenicity and fasting lipid levels, with fats containing palmitic and stearic acid in the sn-2 position being better digested and considered to be more atherogenic. However, chronic studies in human adults suggest that TAG structure has no effect on digestibility or fasting lipids. The postprandial effects of fats with differing TAG structure are better characterised but the evidence is inconclusive; it is probable that differences in the physical characteristics of fats resulting from interesterification and changes in TAG structure are key determinants of the level of postprandial lipaemia, rather than the position of fatty acids in the TAG. The present review gives an overview of TAG structure and interesterified palmitic and stearic acid-rich fats, their physical properties and their acute and chronic effects in human adults in relation to CHD.
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Reena MB, Reddy SRY, Lokesh BR. Changes in triacylglycerol molecular species and thermal properties of blended and interesterified mixtures of coconut oil or palm oil with rice bran oil or sesame oil. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.200800065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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