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Soga K, Taguchi C, Sugino M, Egi T, Narushima J, Yoshiba S, Takabatake R, Kondo K, Shibata N. [Investigation of Genetically Modified Maize Imported into Japan in 2021/2022 and the Applicability of Japanese Official Methods]. SHOKUHIN EISEIGAKU ZASSHI. JOURNAL OF THE FOOD HYGIENIC SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2023; 64:218-225. [PMID: 38171892 DOI: 10.3358/shokueishi.64.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Given that the number of genetically modified (GM) maize events that have been announced as having undergone safety assessment procedures in Japan is increasing yearly, more information is needed about their actual recent domestic distribution in Japan. In this study, we investigated whether current Japanese official qualitative and quantitative methods (the current official methods) for GM maize can comprehensively target events in domestically distributed maize. For samples with the identity-preserved (IP) handling system and non-IP samples from the United States (US) and non-IP samples from Brazil, we performed event-specific real-time PCR targeting 25 authorized single GM maize events in addition to the current official methods. According to our results, 15 events targeted by the current official methods were detected, but insect-resistance (IR) Event5307 and herbicide-tolerant (HT) DAS40278, not targeted by the current official methods, were detected in the US (one out of 5 lots) and Brazilian (four out of 5 lots) non-IP samples, respectively. Nevertheless, a survey of recent GM maize acreage in recent years has revealed that more than 95% of the acreage in US maize is occupied by HT or IR/HT stacked events, and that more than 95% of the acreage in Brazilian maize is occupied by IR or IR/HT stacked events. Because the current official methods can target all stacked events related to Event5307 and DAS40278, the only undetectable events are the single Event5307 and DAS40278, whose production is estimated to be less than 5% of the total production in the producing country. Therefore, we conclude that the current official methods for the labelling of GM maize should be maintained in view of practicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Soga
- Division of Biochemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences
| | - Chie Taguchi
- Division of Biochemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences
| | - Miyu Sugino
- Division of Biochemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences
| | - Tomohiro Egi
- Food and Agricultural Materials Inspection Center
| | | | - Satoko Yoshiba
- Division of Biochemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences
| | - Reona Takabatake
- Division of Analytical Science, Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
| | - Kazunari Kondo
- Division of Biochemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences
- Department of Food Safety and Management, Faculty of Food and Health Sciences, Showa Women's University
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Soga K, Nakamura K, Egi T, Narushima J, Yoshiba S, Kishine M, Mano J, Kitta K, Takabatake R, Shibata N, Kondo K. Development and Validation of a New Robust Detection Method for Low-Content DNA Using ΔΔCq-Based Real-Time PCR with Optimized Standard Plasmids as a Control Sample. Anal Chem 2022; 94:14475-14483. [PMID: 36205585 PMCID: PMC9583069 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Real-time polymerase
chain reaction (PCR) is the gold standard
for DNA detection in many fields, including food analysis. However,
robust detection using a real-time PCR for low-content DNA samples
remains challenging. In this study, we developed a robust real-time
PCR method for low-content DNA using genetically modified (GM) maize
at concentrations near the limit of detection (LOD) as a model. We
evaluated the LOD of real-time PCR targeting two common GM maize sequences
(P35S and TNOS) using GM maize event MON863 containing a copy of P35S
and TNOS. The interlaboratory study revealed that the LOD differed
among laboratories partly because DNA input amounts were variable
depending on measurements of DNA concentrations. To minimize this
variability for low-content DNA samples, we developed ΔΔCq-based
real-time PCR. In this study, ΔCq and ΔΔCq are as
follows: ΔCq = Cq (P35S or TNOS) – Cq (SSIIb; maize endogenous
gene), ΔΔCq = ΔCq (analytical sample) – ΔCq
(control sample at concentrations near the LOD). The presence of GM
maize was determined based on ΔΔCq values. In addition,
we used optimized standard plasmids containing SSIIb, P35S, and TNOS
with ΔCq equal to the MON863 genomic DNA (gDNA) at concentrations
near the LOD as a control sample. A validation study indicated that
at least 0.2% MON863 gDNA could be robustly detected. Using several
GM maize certified reference materials, we have demonstrated that
this method was practical for detecting low-content GM crops and thus
for validating GM food labeling. With appropriate standards, this
method would be applicable in many fields, not just food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Soga
- Division of Biochemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi210-9501, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kosuke Nakamura
- Division of Biochemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi210-9501, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Egi
- Food and Agricultural Materials Inspection Center: Saitama Shintoshin National Government Building, Kensato Building 2-1, Shintoshin, Chuo-ku, Saitama-Shi330-9731, Saitama, Japan
| | - Jumpei Narushima
- Division of Biochemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi210-9501, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Satoko Yoshiba
- Division of Biochemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi210-9501, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kishine
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba305-8642, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Junichi Mano
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba305-8642, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kazumi Kitta
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba305-8642, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Reona Takabatake
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba305-8642, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Norihito Shibata
- Division of Biochemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi210-9501, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazunari Kondo
- Division of Biochemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi210-9501, Kanagawa, Japan
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Soga K, Kimata S, Narushima J, Sato S, Sato E, Mano J, Takabatake R, Kitta K, Kawakami H, Akiyama H, Kondo K, Nakamura K. Development and Testing of an Individual Kernel Detection System for Genetically Modified Soybean Events in Non-identity-preserved Soybean Samples. Biol Pharm Bull 2020; 43:1259-1266. [PMID: 32741947 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b20-00382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A genetically modified (GM) soybean kernel detection system using combination of DNA preparation from individual soybean kernels and event-specific real-time PCR was developed to simultaneously identify GM soybean events authorized for food after safety assessments in Japan. Over 100 kernels in the non-identity-preserved soybean samples imported from the United States of America (two U.S.A. lots) and Brazil (one lot) were randomly selected and examined. In total, 98 and 96% of the two independent U.S.A. lots, and 100% of the Brazilian lot contained GM soybean kernels. Herbicide-tolerant events, MON89788 (trade name Genuity® Roundup Ready 2 Yield™), GTS 40-3-2 (trade name Roundup Ready™ soybean) and A2704-12 (trade name Liberty Link® soybean), were detected similarly in both U.S.A. lots. In the Brazilian lot, in addition to GTS 40-3-2, a stacked GM event, MON87701 × MON89788, having insect-resistance and herbicide-tolerance, was detected. There were no unauthorized GM soybeans comingled, and the ratio of GM soybean events detected was consistent with statistical reports on the cultivated GM soybean events in both countries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Junichi Mano
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
| | | | - Kazumi Kitta
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
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Event-Specific Qualitative and Quantitative Detection of Genetically Modified Rice G6H1. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-018-1375-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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5
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Noguchi A, Akiyama H, Nakamura K, Sakata K, Minegishi Y, Mano J, Takabatake R, Futo S, Kitta K, Teshima R, Kondo K, Nishimaki-Mogami T. A novel trait-specific real-time PCR method enables quantification of genetically modified (GM) maize content in ground grain samples containing stacked GM maize. Eur Food Res Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-014-2340-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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6
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Nakamura K, Kondo K, Kobayashi T, Noguchi A, Ohmori K, Takabatake R, Kitta K, Akiyama H, Teshima R, Nishimaki-Mogami T. Identification and Detection of Genetically Modified Papaya Resistant to Papaya Ringspot Virus Strains in Thailand. Biol Pharm Bull 2014; 37:1-5. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b13-00721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kiyomi Ohmori
- Chemistry Division, Kanagawa Prefectural Institute of Public Health
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Nakamura K, Akiyama H, Kawano N, Kobayashi T, Yoshimatsu K, Mano J, Kitta K, Ohmori K, Noguchi A, Kondo K, Teshima R. Evaluation of real-time PCR detection methods for detecting rice products contaminated by rice genetically modified with a CpTI–KDEL–T-nos transgenic construct. Food Chem 2013; 141:2618-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2012] [Revised: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Relative quantification in seed GMO analysis: state of art and bottlenecks. Transgenic Res 2013; 22:461-76. [PMID: 23400878 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-012-9684-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/28/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Reliable quantitative methods are needed to comply with current EU regulations on the mandatory labeling of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and GMO-derived food and feed products with a minimum GMO content of 0.9 %. The implementation of EU Commission Recommendation 2004/787/EC on technical guidance for sampling and detection which meant as a helpful tool for the practical implementation of EC Regulation 1830/2003, which states that "the results of quantitative analysis should be expressed as the number of target DNA sequences per target taxon specific sequences calculated in terms of haploid genomes". This has led to an intense debate on the type of calibrator best suitable for GMO quantification. The main question addressed in this review is whether reference materials and calibrators should be matrix based or whether pure DNA analytes should be used for relative quantification in GMO analysis. The state of the art, including the advantages and drawbacks, of using DNA plasmid (compared to genomic DNA reference materials) as calibrators, is widely described. In addition, the influence of the genetic structure of seeds on real-time PCR quantitative results obtained for seed lots is discussed. The specific composition of a seed kernel, the mode of inheritance, and the ploidy level ensure that there is discordance between a GMO % expressed as a haploid genome equivalent and a GMO % based on numbers of seeds. This means that a threshold fixed as a percentage of seeds cannot be used as such for RT-PCR. All critical points that affect the expression of the GMO content in seeds are discussed in this paper.
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Capillary electrophoretic profiling of tryptic digests of water soluble proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis-transgenic and non-transgenic maize species. Food Chem 2012; 134:1607-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.02.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2010] [Revised: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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AKIYAMA H, MINEGISHI Y, MAKIYAMA D, MANO J, SAKATA K, NAKAMURA K, NOGUCHI A, TAKABATAKE R, FUTO S, KONDO K, KITTA K, KATO Y, TESHIMA R. Quantification and Identification of Genetically Modified Maize Events in Non-Identity Preserved Maize Samples in 2009 Using an Individual Kernel Detection System. Food Hygiene and Safety Science (Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi) 2012; 53:157-65. [DOI: 10.3358/shokueishi.53.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Junichi MANO
- National Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
| | | | | | | | - Reona TAKABATAKE
- National Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
| | | | | | - Kazumi KITTA
- National Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
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Mano J, Yanaka Y, Ikezu Y, Onishi M, Futo S, Minegishi Y, Ninomiya K, Yotsuyanagi Y, Spiegelhalter F, Akiyama H, Teshima R, Hino A, Naito S, Koiwa T, Takabatake R, Furui S, Kitta K. Practicable group testing method to evaluate weight/weight GMO content in maize grains. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:6856-6863. [PMID: 21604714 DOI: 10.1021/jf200212v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Because of the increasing use of maize hybrids with genetically modified (GM) stacked events, the established and commonly used bulk sample methods for PCR quantification of GM maize in non-GM maize are prone to overestimate the GM organism (GMO) content, compared to the actual weight/weight percentage of GM maize in the grain sample. As an alternative method, we designed and assessed a group testing strategy in which the GMO content is statistically evaluated based on qualitative analyses of multiple small pools, consisting of 20 maize kernels each. This approach enables the GMO content evaluation on a weight/weight basis, irrespective of the presence of stacked-event kernels. To enhance the method's user-friendliness in routine application, we devised an easy-to-use PCR-based qualitative analytical method comprising a sample preparation step in which 20 maize kernels are ground in a lysis buffer and a subsequent PCR assay in which the lysate is directly used as a DNA template. This method was validated in a multilaboratory collaborative trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Mano
- National Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan
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12
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Nakamura K, Akiyama H, Ohmori K, Takahashi Y, Takabatake R, Kitta K, Nakazawa H, Kondo K, Teshima R. Identification and Detection Method for Genetically Modified Papaya Resistant to Papaya Ringspot Virus YK Strain. Biol Pharm Bull 2011; 34:1648-51. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.34.1648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kiyomi Ohmori
- Chemistry Division, Kanagawa Prefectural Institute of Public Health
| | - Yuki Takahashi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University
| | - Reona Takabatake
- National Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
| | - Kazumi Kitta
- National Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
| | - Hiroyuki Nakazawa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University
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13
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Park HM, Jeon EJ, Waminal NE, Shin KS, Kweon SJ, Park BS, Suh SC, Kim HH. Detection of transgenes in three genetically modified rice lines by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Genes Genomics 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-010-0064-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Akiyama H, Makiyama D, Nakamura K, Sasaki N, Minegishi Y, Mano J, Kitta K, Ozeki Y, Teshima R. A novel detection system for the genetically modified canola (Brassica rapa) line RT73. Anal Chem 2010; 82:9909-16. [PMID: 21049930 DOI: 10.1021/ac102434q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The herbicide-tolerant genetically modified Roundup Ready canola (Brassica napus) line RT73 has been approved worldwide for use in animal feed and human food. However, RT73 Brassica rapa lines derived from interspecific crosses with RT73 B. napus have not been approved in Japan. Here, we report on a novel system using individual kernel analyses for the qualitative detection of RT73 B. rapa in canola grain samples. We developed a duplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method to discriminate B. napus and B. rapa DNA using scatter plots of the end-point analyses; this method was able to discriminate a group comprising B. rapa and Brassica juncea from a group comprising B. napus, Brassica carinata, and Brassica oleracea. We also developed a duplex real-time PCR method for the simultaneous detection of an RT73-specific sequence and an endogenous FatA gene. Additionally, a DNA-extraction method using 96-well silica-membrane plates was developed and optimized for use with individual canola kernels. Our detection system could identify RT73 B. rapa kernels in canola grain samples enabling the accurate and reliable monitoring of RT73 B. rapa contamination in canola, thus playing a role in its governmental regulation in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Akiyama
- National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1, Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan.
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Real-time PCR-based detection and quantification of genetically modified maize in processed feeds commercialised in Malaysia. Food Control 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2010.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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16
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Herrero M, García-Cañas V, Simo C, Cifuentes A. Recent advances in the application of capillary electromigration methods for food analysis and Foodomics. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:205-28. [PMID: 19967713 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The use of capillary electromigration methods to analyze foods and food components is reviewed in this work. Papers that were published during the period April 2007 to March 2009 are included following the previous review by García-Cañas and Cifuentes (Electrophoresis, 2008, 29, 294-309). These works include the analysis of amino acids, biogenic amines, peptides, proteins, DNAs, carbohydrates, phenols, polyphenols, pigments, toxins, pesticides, vitamins, additives, small organic and inorganic ions and other compounds found in foods and beverages, as well as those applications of CE for monitoring food interactions and food processing. The use of microchips, CE-MS, chiral-CE as well as other foreseen trends in food analysis are also discussed including their possibilities in the very new field of Foodomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Herrero
- Departamento de Caracterización de Alimentos, Instituto de Fermentaciones Industriales, Madrid 28006, Spain
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OGUCHI T, ONISHI M, MANO J, AKIYAMA H, TESHIMA R, FUTO S, FURUI S, KITTA K. Development of Multiplex PCR Method for Simultaneous Detection of Four Events of Genetically Modified Maize: DAS-59122-7, MIR604, MON863 and MON88017. Food Hygiene and Safety Science (Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi) 2010; 51:92-100. [DOI: 10.3358/shokueishi.51.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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18
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Akiyama H, Kitta K. [Recent trends and future prospects for labeling regulation and detection methods of genetically modified foods in Japan]. SHOKUHIN EISEIGAKU ZASSHI. JOURNAL OF THE FOOD HYGIENIC SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2010; 51:383-392. [PMID: 21228528 DOI: 10.3358/shokueishi.51.383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Akiyama
- National Institute of Health Sciences, Division of Novel Foods and Immunochemistry, Tokyo, Japan
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19
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AKIYAMA H, SAKATA K, SPIEGELHALTER F, FURUI S, NAKASHIMA A, KITTA K, TESHIMA R. Interlaboratory Validation of an Event-Specific Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Detection Method for Genetically Modified DAS59132 Maize. Food Hygiene and Safety Science (Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi) 2010; 51:65-70. [DOI: 10.3358/shokueishi.51.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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20
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Gryson N. Effect of food processing on plant DNA degradation and PCR-based GMO analysis: a review. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 396:2003-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-3343-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2009] [Revised: 11/16/2009] [Accepted: 11/24/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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21
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Sázelová P, Kašička V, Ibáñez E, Cifuentes A. Extraction and separation of water-soluble proteins fromBacillus thuringiensis-transgenic and non-transgenic maize species by CZE. J Sep Sci 2009; 32:3801-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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22
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Influence of DNA extraction methods, PCR inhibitors and quantification methods on real-time PCR assay of biotechnology-derived traits. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 396:1977-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-3150-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2009] [Revised: 09/04/2009] [Accepted: 09/09/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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23
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Dyer GA, Serratos-Hernández JA, Perales HR, Gepts P, Piñeyro-Nelson A, Chávez A, Salinas-Arreortua N, Yúnez-Naude A, Taylor JE, Alvarez-Buylla ER. Dispersal of transgenes through maize seed systems in Mexico. PLoS One 2009; 4:e5734. [PMID: 19503610 PMCID: PMC2685455 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2009] [Accepted: 05/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Current models of transgene dispersal focus on gene flow via pollen while neglecting seed, a vital vehicle for gene flow in centers of crop origin and diversity. We analyze the dispersal of maize transgenes via seeds in Mexico, the crop's cradle. Methods We use immunoassays (ELISA) to screen for the activity of recombinant proteins in a nationwide sample of farmer seed stocks. We estimate critical parameters of seed population dynamics using household survey data and combine these estimates with analytical results to examine presumed sources and mechanisms of dispersal. Results Recombinant proteins Cry1Ab/Ac and CP4/EPSPS were found in 3.1% and 1.8% of samples, respectively. They are most abundant in southeast Mexico but also present in the west-central region. Diffusion of seed and grain imported from the United States might explain the frequency and distribution of transgenes in west-central Mexico but not in the southeast. Conclusions Understanding the potential for transgene survival and dispersal should help design methods to regulate the diffusion of germplasm into local seed stocks. Further research is needed on the interactions between formal and informal seed systems and grain markets in centers of crop origin and diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A. Dyer
- Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (GAD); (ERA-B)
| | | | - Hugo R. Perales
- Departamento de Agroecología, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, San Cristobal, Chiapas, México
| | - Paul Gepts
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Alma Piñeyro-Nelson
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Desarrollo y Evolución de Plantas, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Distrito Federal, México
| | | | | | | | - J. Edward Taylor
- Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- Giannini Foundation of Agricultural Economics, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Elena R. Alvarez-Buylla
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Desarrollo y Evolución de Plantas, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Distrito Federal, México
- * E-mail: (GAD); (ERA-B)
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Shin KS, Park JH, Lee JH, Lee SM, Woo HJ, Lim SH, Kim HY, Suh SC, Kweon SJ. Qualitative PCR Detection of Stack Gene GM Rice (LS28 X Cry1Ac) Developed in Korea. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.3839/jabc.2009.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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New trends in bioanalytical tools for the detection of genetically modified organisms: an update. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 392:355-67. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-2193-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2008] [Revised: 05/15/2008] [Accepted: 05/16/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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