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Wang Q, Liu X, Li Y, Wang Z, Fang Z, Wang Y, Guo X, Dong M, Ye M, Jia L. Rational development of functional hydrophilic polymer to characterize site-specific glycan differences between bovine milk and colostrum. Food Chem 2024; 460:140669. [PMID: 39094346 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
As vastly modified on secreted proteins, N-glycosylation is found on milk proteins and undergo dynamic changes during lactation, characterizing milk protein glycosylation would benefit the elucidation of glycosylation pattern differences between samples. However, their low abundance required specific enrichment. Herein, through rational design and controllable synthesis, we developed a novel multi-functional polymer for the isolation of protein glycosylation. It efficiently separated glycopeptides from complex background inferences with mutual efforts of hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC), metal ion affinity and ion exchange. By fine-tuning Ca2+ as regulators of aldehyde hyaluronic acid (HA) conformation, the grafting density of HA was remarkably improved. Moreover, grafting Ti4+ further enhanced the enrichment performance. Application of this material to characterize bovine milk and colostrum proteins yields 479 and 611 intact glycopeptides, respectively. Comparative analysis unraveled the distinct glycosylation pattern as well the different distribution of glycoprotein abundances between the two samples, offering insights for functional food development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116000, Liaoning, China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, National Chromatographic R. & A. Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, National Chromatographic R. & A. Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yanan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, National Chromatographic R. & A. Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Zhongyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, National Chromatographic R. & A. Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zheng Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, National Chromatographic R. & A. Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, National Chromatographic R. & A. Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xin Guo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116000, Liaoning, China
| | - Mingming Dong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116000, Liaoning, China.
| | - Mingliang Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, National Chromatographic R. & A. Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Lingyun Jia
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116000, Liaoning, China.
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Blanco-Doval A, Azkargorta M, Iloro I, Beaskoetxea J, Elortza F, Barron LJR, Aldai N. Comparative proteomic analysis of the changes in mare milk associated with different lactation stages and management systems. Food Chem 2024; 445:138766. [PMID: 38402663 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Mare milk has traditionally been attributed a number of health promoting properties. However, knowledge on its composition and functionality remains scarce, with particularly limited studies on mare milk proteomics. This study deeply characterized mare milk proteome accounting for both caseins and proteins in the whey fraction, also addressing the impact of lactation stage and different management systems. Milk samples from Basque Mountain Horse breed mares belonging to three different farms and three lactation stages were analysed after in-gel and in-solution digestion using nLC-MS/MS. Among the 469 proteins identified, the content of alpha-1 antitrypsin was significantly higher in pasture-based compared to other systems. Moreover, lactation stage significantly affected the content of beta-lactoglobulin II, immunoglobulin-like domain-containing protein, interferon alpha-inducible protein 27, lactotransferrin, polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase, and transforming acidic coiled-coil containing protein 2. This study contributes to the deep characterization of mare milk proteome and provides new insights into the effect of different production factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Blanco-Doval
- Lactiker Research Group, Department of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
| | - Mikel Azkargorta
- Proteomics Platform, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), CIBERehd, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, 48160 Derio, Spain.
| | - Ibon Iloro
- Proteomics Platform, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), CIBERehd, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, 48160 Derio, Spain.
| | - Jabier Beaskoetxea
- Proteomics Platform, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), CIBERehd, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, 48160 Derio, Spain.
| | - Felix Elortza
- Proteomics Platform, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), CIBERehd, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, 48160 Derio, Spain.
| | - Luis Javier R Barron
- Lactiker Research Group, Department of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
| | - Noelia Aldai
- Lactiker Research Group, Department of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
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Lu X, Cummings C, Osuala UA, Yennawar NH, Namitz KEW, Hellner B, Besada-Lombana PB, Peterson RD, Clark AJ. Characterization of recombinant human lactoferrin expressed in Komagataella phaffii. Analyst 2024; 149:3636-3650. [PMID: 38814097 PMCID: PMC11215759 DOI: 10.1039/d4an00333k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
This work presents a thorough characterization of Helaina recombinant human lactoferrin (rhLF, Effera™) expressed in a yeast system at an industrial scale for the first time. Proteomic analysis confirmed that its amino acid sequence is identical to that of native human LF. N-linked glycans were detected at three known glycosylation sites, namely, Asparagines-156, -497, and -642 and they were predominantly oligomannose structures having five to nine mannoses. Helaina rhLF's protein secondary structure was nearly identical to that of human milk lactoferrin (hmLF), as revealed by microfluidic modulation spectroscopy. Results of small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and analytical ultracentrifugation analyses confirmed that, like hmLF, Helaina rhLF displayed well-folded globular structures in solution. Reconstructed solvent envelopes of Helaina rhLF, obtained through the SAXS analysis, demonstrated a remarkable fit with the reported crystalline structure of iron-bound native hmLF. Differential scanning calorimetry investigations into the thermal stability of Helaina rhLF revealed two distinct denaturation temperatures at 68.7 ± 0.9 °C and 91.9 ± 0.5 °C, consistently mirroring denaturation temperatures observed for apo- and holo-hmLF. Overall, Helaina rhLF differed from hmLF in the N-glycans they possessed; nevertheless, the characterization results affirmed that Helaina rhLF was of high purity and exhibited globular structures closely akin to that of hmLF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning Lu
- Helaina Inc., 345 Park Avenue South, 5th Floor, New York, NY 10010, USA.
| | - Chad Cummings
- Helaina Inc., 345 Park Avenue South, 5th Floor, New York, NY 10010, USA.
| | - Udodili A Osuala
- Helaina Inc., 345 Park Avenue South, 5th Floor, New York, NY 10010, USA.
| | - Neela H Yennawar
- X-ray Crystallography Core Facility, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Kevin E W Namitz
- X-ray Crystallography Core Facility, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Brittney Hellner
- Helaina Inc., 345 Park Avenue South, 5th Floor, New York, NY 10010, USA.
| | | | - Ross D Peterson
- Helaina Inc., 345 Park Avenue South, 5th Floor, New York, NY 10010, USA.
| | - Anthony J Clark
- Helaina Inc., 345 Park Avenue South, 5th Floor, New York, NY 10010, USA.
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4
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Thesbjerg MN, Poulsen KO, Astono J, Poulsen NA, Larsen LB, Nielsen SDH, Stensballe A, Sundekilde UK. O-linked glycosylations in human milk casein and major whey proteins during lactation. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131613. [PMID: 38642686 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
As glycosylations are difficult to analyze, their roles and effects are poorly understood. Glycosylations in human milk (HM) differ across lactation. Glycosylations can be involved in antimicrobial activities and may serve as food for beneficial microorganisms. This study aimed to identify and analyze O-linked glycans in HM by high-throughput mass spectrometry. 184 longitudinal HM samples from 66 donors from day 3 and months 1, 2, and 3 postpartum were subjected to a post-translational modification specific enrichment-based strategy using TiO2 and ZrO2 beads for O-linked glycopeptide enrichment. β-CN was found to be a major O-linked glycoprotein, additionally, αS1-CN, κ-CN, lactotransferrin, and albumin also contained O-linked glycans. As glycosyltransferases and glycosidases are involved in assembling the glycans including O-linked glycosylations, these were further investigated. Some glycosyltransferases and glycosidases were found to be significantly decreasing through lactation, including two O-linked glycan initiator enzymes (GLNT1 and GLNT2). Despite their decrease, the overall level of O-linked glycans remained stable in HM over lactation. Three different motifs for O-linked glycosylation were enriched in HM proteins: Gly-Xxx-Xxx-Gly-Ser/Thr, Arg-Ser/Thr and Lys-Ser/Thr. Further O-linked glycan motifs on β-CN were observed to differ between intact proteins and endogenous peptides in HM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Nørmark Thesbjerg
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; Sino-Danish College (SDC), University of Chinese Academy of Science, Huairou District, Beijing 101408, China.
| | - Katrine Overgaard Poulsen
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; Sino-Danish College (SDC), University of Chinese Academy of Science, Huairou District, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Julie Astono
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Nina Aagaard Poulsen
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Lotte Bach Larsen
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | | | - Allan Stensballe
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Selma Lagerløfsvej 249, DK-9260 Gistrup, Denmark; Clinical cancer center, Aalborg University Hospital, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
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5
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Lu J, Zhang W, Ma C, Pang X, Dai Y, Zhu T, Liu J, Xing L, Zhang S, Lv J. Changes in glycosylated proteins in colostrum and mature milk and their implication. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1161310. [PMID: 37396121 PMCID: PMC10311556 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1161310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Glycosylation is one of the essential post-translational modifications that influences the function of milk proteins. Methods In the present study, 998 proteins and 764 glycosylated sites from 402 glycoproteins were identified in human milk by TMT labeling proteomics. Compared to human milk proteins, the glycoproteins were mainly enriched in cell adhesion, proteolysis, and defense/immune process. Results The abundance of 353 glycosylated sites and their 179 parent proteins was quantified. After normalization to their parent protein's abundance, 78 glycosylated sites in 56 glycoproteins and 10 glycosylated sites in 10 glycoproteins were significantly higher in colostrum and mature milk, respectively. These changed glycoproteins were mainly related to host defense. Intriguingly, one glycosylated site (Asp144) in IgA and two glycosylated sites (Asp38 and Asp1079) in tenascin are significantly upregulated even though their protein abundance was downregulated during lactation. Discussion This study helps us figure out the critical glycosylated sites in proteins that might influence their biological function in an unbiased way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenyuan Zhang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
| | - Changlu Ma
- Department of Food and Bio-Engineering, Beijing Vocational College of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyang Pang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Dai
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Zhu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinqi Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Lina Xing
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuwen Zhang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaping Lv
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
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6
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Arzamasov AA, Osterman AL. Milk glycan metabolism by intestinal bifidobacteria: insights from comparative genomics. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 57:562-584. [PMID: 36866565 PMCID: PMC10192226 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2023.2182272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Bifidobacteria are early colonizers of the human neonatal gut and provide multiple health benefits to the infant, including inhibiting the growth of enteropathogens and modulating the immune system. Certain Bifidobacterium species prevail in the gut of breastfed infants due to the ability of these microorganisms to selectively forage glycans present in human milk, specifically human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and N-linked glycans. Therefore, these carbohydrates serve as promising prebiotic dietary supplements to stimulate the growth of bifidobacteria in the guts of children suffering from impaired gut microbiota development. However, the rational formulation of milk glycan-based prebiotics requires a detailed understanding of how bifidobacteria metabolize these carbohydrates. Accumulating biochemical and genomic data suggest that HMO and N-glycan assimilation abilities vary remarkably within the Bifidobacterium genus, both at the species and strain levels. This review focuses on the delineation and genome-based comparative analysis of differences in respective biochemical pathways, transport systems, and associated transcriptional regulatory networks, providing a foundation for genomics-based projection of milk glycan utilization capabilities across a rapidly growing number of sequenced bifidobacterial genomes and metagenomic datasets. This analysis also highlights remaining knowledge gaps and suggests directions for future studies to optimize the formulation of milk-glycan-based prebiotics that target bifidobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr A Arzamasov
- Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Andrei L Osterman
- Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Nutritional Profile, Processing and Potential Products: A Comparative Review of Goat Milk. DAIRY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/dairy3030044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Goat milk contains an abundance of different macro and micro-nutrients. Compared with other milk, goat milk is a viable option due to its low allergy levels and is preferred for infants with cow milk allergies. A wide variety of goat milk-based products, including yoghurt, ice cream, fermented milk, and cheese, are available on the market. They are produced using effective processing technology and are known to exhibit numerous health benefits after consumption. However, goat milk consumption is limited in many nations (compared with cow, buffalo, camel, and sheep milk) due to a lack of awareness of its nutritional composition and the significance of its different byproducts. This review provides a detailed explanation of the various macronutrients that may be present, with special attention paid to each component, its purpose, and the health benefits it offers. It also compares goat milk with milk from other species in terms of its superiority and nutritional content, as well as the types, production methods, health advantages, and other beneficial properties of the various goat milk products that are currently available on the market.
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Hernández-Caravaca I, Cabañas A, López-Úbeda R, González-Brusi L, Guillén-Martínez A, Izquierdo-Rico MJ, Muñoz-Rodríguez MN, Avilés M, Ruiz García MJ. Analysis of Minor Proteins Present in Breast Milk by Using WGA Lectin. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:1084. [PMID: 35884068 PMCID: PMC9318462 DOI: 10.3390/children9071084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Breast milk is a complex and dynamic biological fluid and considered an essential source of nutrition in early life. In its composition, the proteins have a relevant biological activity and are related to the multiple benefits demonstrated when compared with artificial milks derived from cow's milk. Understanding human milk composition provides an important tool for health care providers toward the management of infant feeding and the establishment of breastfeeding. In this work, a new technique was developed to increase the knowledge of human milk, because many of the components remain unknown. To isolate minor proteins present in breast milk by using WGA lectin, breast milk was centrifuged to remove cells and separate the fat phase from the serum phase. The serum obtained was separated into two groups: control (n = 3; whole serum sample from mature milk) and WGA lectin (n = 3; sample processed with WGA lectin to isolate glycosylated proteins). The samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS). A total of 84 different proteins were identified from all of the samples. In the WGA lectin group, 55 different proteins were isolated, 77% of which had biological functions related to the immune response. Of these proteins, there were eight WGA lectin group exclusives, and two had not previously been described in breast milk (polyubiquitin-B and POTE ankyrin domain family member F). Isolation by WGA lectin is a useful technique to detect minor proteins in breast milk and to identify proteins that could not be observed in whole serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Hernández-Caravaca
- Department of Community Nursing, Preventive Medicine and Public Health and History of Science, University of Alicante, Sant Vicent del Raspeig, 03690 Alicante, Spain
- IMIB-Arrixaca (Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria), 30120 Murcia, Spain; (R.L.-Ú.); (L.G.-B.); (A.G.-M.); (M.J.I.-R.); (M.A.)
| | - Andrés Cabañas
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Murcia, Campus Mare Nostrum, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Rebeca López-Úbeda
- IMIB-Arrixaca (Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria), 30120 Murcia, Spain; (R.L.-Ú.); (L.G.-B.); (A.G.-M.); (M.J.I.-R.); (M.A.)
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Murcia, Campus Mare Nostrum, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Leopoldo González-Brusi
- IMIB-Arrixaca (Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria), 30120 Murcia, Spain; (R.L.-Ú.); (L.G.-B.); (A.G.-M.); (M.J.I.-R.); (M.A.)
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Murcia, Campus Mare Nostrum, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Ascensión Guillén-Martínez
- IMIB-Arrixaca (Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria), 30120 Murcia, Spain; (R.L.-Ú.); (L.G.-B.); (A.G.-M.); (M.J.I.-R.); (M.A.)
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Murcia, Campus Mare Nostrum, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Mª José Izquierdo-Rico
- IMIB-Arrixaca (Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria), 30120 Murcia, Spain; (R.L.-Ú.); (L.G.-B.); (A.G.-M.); (M.J.I.-R.); (M.A.)
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Murcia, Campus Mare Nostrum, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Mª Nieves Muñoz-Rodríguez
- Coordinación Sociosanitaria Dirección General de Planificación, Investigación, Farmacia y Atención al Ciudadano (CARM), 30071 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Manuel Avilés
- IMIB-Arrixaca (Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria), 30120 Murcia, Spain; (R.L.-Ú.); (L.G.-B.); (A.G.-M.); (M.J.I.-R.); (M.A.)
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Murcia, Campus Mare Nostrum, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Mª Jesús Ruiz García
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, University of Murcia, Campus Mare Nostrum, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
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Dingess KA, Gazi I, van den Toorn HWP, Mank M, Stahl B, Reiding KR, Heck AJR. Monitoring Human Milk β-Casein Phosphorylation and O-Glycosylation Over Lactation Reveals Distinct Differences between the Proteome and Endogenous Peptidome. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8140. [PMID: 34360914 PMCID: PMC8347866 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human milk is a vital biofluid containing a myriad of molecular components to ensure an infant's best start at a healthy life. One key component of human milk is β-casein, a protein which is not only a structural constituent of casein micelles but also a source of bioactive, often antimicrobial, peptides contributing to milk's endogenous peptidome. Importantly, post-translational modifications (PTMs) like phosphorylation and glycosylation typically affect the function of proteins and peptides; however, here our understanding of β-casein is critically limited. To uncover the scope of proteoforms and endogenous peptidoforms we utilized mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to achieve in-depth longitudinal profiling of β-casein from human milk, studying two donors across 16 weeks of lactation. We not only observed changes in β-casein's known protein and endogenous peptide phosphorylation, but also in previously unexplored O-glycosylation. This newly discovered PTM of β-casein may be important as it resides on known β-casein-derived antimicrobial peptide sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A. Dingess
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands; (K.A.D.); (I.G.); (H.W.P.v.d.T.)
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Inge Gazi
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands; (K.A.D.); (I.G.); (H.W.P.v.d.T.)
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Henk W. P. van den Toorn
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands; (K.A.D.); (I.G.); (H.W.P.v.d.T.)
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marko Mank
- Danone Nutricia Research, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; (M.M.); (B.S.)
| | - Bernd Stahl
- Danone Nutricia Research, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; (M.M.); (B.S.)
- Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Karli R. Reiding
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands; (K.A.D.); (I.G.); (H.W.P.v.d.T.)
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Albert J. R. Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands; (K.A.D.); (I.G.); (H.W.P.v.d.T.)
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
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10
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Jia Y, Lu Y, Wang X, Yang Y, Zou M, Liu J, Jin W, Wang X, Pang G, Huang L, Wang Z. Mass spectrometry based quantitative and qualitative analyses reveal N-glycan changes of bovine lactoferrin at different stages of lactation. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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11
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Wang Z, Zhang N, Wang W, Li Y, Szeto IM, Qin H, Jin Y, Ye M. Glycoproteomics Analysis Reveals Differential Expression of Site-Specific Glycosylation in Human Milk Whey during Lactation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:6690-6700. [PMID: 34087070 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c07998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Protein N-glycosylation in human milk whey plays a substantial role in infant health during postnatal development. Changes in site-specific glycans in milk whey reflect the needs of infants under different circumstances. However, the conventional glycoproteomics analysis of milk whey cannot reveal the changes in site-specific glycans because the attached glycans are typically enzymatically removed from the glycoproteins prior to analysis. In this study, N-glycoproteomics analysis of milk whey was performed without removing the attached glycans, and 330 and 327 intact glycopeptides were identified in colostrum and mature milk whey, respectively. Label-free quantification of site-specific glycans was achieved by analyzing the identified intact glycopeptides, which revealed 9 significantly upregulated site-specific glycans on 6 glycosites and 11 significantly downregulated site-specific glycans on 8 glycosites. Some interesting change trends in N-glycans attached to specific glycosites in human milk whey were observed. Bisecting GlcNAc was found attached to 11 glycosites on 8 glycoproteins in colostrum and mature milk. The dynamic changes in site-specific glycans revealed in this study provide insights into the role of protein N-glycosylation during infant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyu Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian 116023, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Na Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian 116023, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Wendan Wang
- Yili Maternal and Infant Nutrition Institute, Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Company, Limited, 010110 Hohhot, P. R. China
| | - Yitong Li
- Yili Maternal and Infant Nutrition Institute, Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Company, Limited, 010110 Hohhot, P. R. China
| | - Ignatius M Szeto
- Yili Maternal and Infant Nutrition Institute, Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Company, Limited, 010110 Hohhot, P. R. China
| | - Hongqiang Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Yan Jin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Mingliang Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian 116023, P. R. China
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12
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Dayon L, Macron C, Lahrichi S, Núñez Galindo A, Affolter M. Proteomics of Human Milk: Definition of a Discovery Workflow for Clinical Research Studies. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:2283-2290. [PMID: 33769819 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Milk is a complex biological fluid composed mainly of water, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and diverse bioactive factors. Human milk represents a unique tailored source of nutrients that adapts during lactation to the specific needs of the developing infant. Proteins in milk have been studied for decades, and proteomics, peptidomics, and glycoproteomics are the main approaches previously deployed to decipher the proteome of human milk. In the present work, we aimed at implementing a highly automated pipeline for the proteomic analysis of human milk with liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (MS). Commercial human milk samples were used to evaluate and optimize workflows. Centrifugation for defatting milk samples was assessed before and after reduction, alkylation, and enzymatic digestion of proteins, without and with presence of surfactants. Skimmed milk samples were analyzed using isobaric labeling-based quantitative MS on an Orbitrap Tribrid mass spectrometer. Sample fractionation using isoelectric focusing was also evaluated to more deeply profile the human milk proteome. Finally, the most appropriate workflow was transferred to a liquid handling workstation for automated sample preparation. In conclusion, we have defined and describe herein an efficient highly automated proteomic workflow for human milk sample analysis. It is compatible with clinical research, possibly allowing the analysis of sufficiently large cohorts of samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Dayon
- Proteomics, Nestlé Institute of Food Safety & Analytical Sciences, Nestlé Research, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland.,Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Charlotte Macron
- Proteomics, Nestlé Institute of Food Safety & Analytical Sciences, Nestlé Research, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Lahrichi
- Proteomics, Nestlé Institute of Food Safety & Analytical Sciences, Nestlé Research, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Antonio Núñez Galindo
- Proteomics, Nestlé Institute of Food Safety & Analytical Sciences, Nestlé Research, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Michael Affolter
- Proteomics, Nestlé Institute of Food Safety & Analytical Sciences, Nestlé Research, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
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13
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Kwan SH, Wan-Ibrahim WI, Juvarajah T, Fung SY, Abdul-Rahman PS. Isolation and identification of O- and N-linked glycoproteins in milk from different mammalian species and their roles in biological pathways which support infant growth. Electrophoresis 2020; 42:233-244. [PMID: 33085102 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Milk serves as the sole nutrition for newborns, as well as a medium for the transfer of immunological components from the mother to the baby. This study reveals different glycoprotein profiles obtained from human, bovine, and caprine milk and their potential roles in supporting infant growth. Proteins from these three milk samples are separated and analyzed using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). Glycosylated proteins from all samples are enriched by affinity chromatography using lectins from the seeds of Artocarpus integer before analysis using LC/MS-QTOF. The glycoproteome profiling demonstrates that glycosylated proteins are higher in caprine milk compared to other samples. Analysis using LC/MS-QTOF identified 42 O-glycosylated and 56 N-glycosylated proteins, respectively. Among those identified, human milk has 17 glycoproteins, which are both O- and N-glycosylated, whereas caprine and bovine have 10 and 1, respectively. Only glycoproteins from human milk have shown positive matching to important human biological pathways, such as vesicle-mediated transport, immune system and hemostasis pathways. Human milk remains unique for human babies with the presence of antibodies in the form of immunoglobulins that are lacking in ruminant milk proteomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon Hong Kwan
- Medical Biotechnology Laboratory, Central Research Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wan Izlina Wan-Ibrahim
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Thaneswari Juvarajah
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shin Yee Fung
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Universiti Malaya Centre for Proteomics Research, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Puteri Shafinaz Abdul-Rahman
- Medical Biotechnology Laboratory, Central Research Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Universiti Malaya Centre for Proteomics Research, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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14
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Kim BJ, Dallas DC. Systematic examination of protein extraction, proteolytic glycopeptide enrichment and MS/MS fragmentation techniques for site-specific profiling of human milk N-glycoproteins. Talanta 2020; 224:121811. [PMID: 33379036 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Human milk contains numerous N-glycoproteins with functions that provide protection to the infant. Increasing understanding of the functional role of human milk glycoproteins within the infant requires toolsets to comprehensively profile their site-specific glycosylation patterns. However, optimized methods for site-specific glycosylation analysis across the entire human milk proteome are not available. Therefore, we performed a systematic analysis of techniques for profiling the sites and compositions of N-glycans in human milk using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. To decrease interference from non-target molecules, we compared techniques for protein extraction, including ethanol (EtOH) precipitation, trichloroacetic acid precipitation, molecular weight cut-off filtration and techniques for tryptic glycopeptide enrichment, including C18-, porous graphitized carbon and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-solid phase extraction (SPE) and acetone precipitation. We compared the capacity of higher-energy collision dissociation, electron-transfer dissociation and electron-transfer/higher-energy collision dissociation (EThcD) to produce fragment ions that would enable effective identification of the glycan composition, peptide sequence and glycosylation site. Of these methods, a combination of EtOH precipitation, HILIC-SPE and EThcD-fragmentation was the most effective for human milk N-glycopeptide profiling. This optimized approach significantly increased the number of N-glycopeptides and precursor N-glycoproteins (246 N-glycopeptides from 29 glycoproteins) compared with a more common extraction approach with no protein extraction and C18 clean-up (62 N-glycopeptides from 11 glycoproteins). The advancement in methods for human milk N-glycoproteins provided by this study represents a key step for better understanding the function of glycoproteins within the breast milk-fed infant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bum Jin Kim
- Nutrition Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - David C Dallas
- Nutrition Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
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15
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The Intake of a Cafeteria Diet in Nursing Rats Alters the Breast Milk Concentration of Proteins Important for the Development of Offspring. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082470. [PMID: 32824434 PMCID: PMC7468864 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to analyse the effects of maternal intake of an unbalanced diet during lactation in the composition and the levels of proteins present in milk. Milk samples from control nursing dams (C-dams) or from nursing dams fed a cafeteria diet during lactation (CAF-dams) were obtained. We conducted a proteomic approach to identify significantly altered proteins in breast milk of C- and CAF-dams, and evaluated the levels of leptin, adiponectin and irisin for their implication in energy homeostasis. One-dimensional SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), revealed that the bands that presented a lower intensity in CAF-dams than control contain some caseins (α-S1-casein, α-S2-casein like B, and β-casein), α-lactalbumin and haptoglobin. Leptin and adiponectin levels were greater in the breast milk of CAF-dams than in controls, while levels of irisin were lower. In summary, the relative concentration of bioactive peptides was influenced by maternal diet consumption during lactation; these changes at early stages of life could influence the phenotypic traits of the offspring.
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16
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Elwakiel M, Bakx EJ, Szeto IM, Li Y, Hettinga KA, Schols HA. Serum Protein N-Glycans in Colostrum and Mature Milk of Chinese Mothers. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:6873-6883. [PMID: 32496058 PMCID: PMC7317985 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c02161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
To study the Chinese human milk N-glycome over lactation, N-glycans were released and separated from serum proteins, purified by solid-phase extraction, and analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). In total, 66 different putative N-glycans were found in the colostrum (week 1) and mature milk (week 4) of seven Chinese mothers. A clear difference was observed between milk of five secretor and two nonsecretor mothers, based on the type and relative amounts of the individual N-glycans. The relative levels of the total neutral nonfucosylated and the fucosylated N-glycans in milk of five secretor mothers increased and decreased over lactation, respectively. This pattern could not be observed for the milk from the two nonsecretor mothers. Overall, this was the first study that provided detailed information on individual N-glycans in milk among mothers and over time as well as that fucosylation of N-glycans in milk was associated with the mother's secretor status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohèb Elwakiel
- Laboratory
of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University
& Research, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Food
Quality and Design, Wageningen University
& Research, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin J. Bakx
- Laboratory
of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University
& Research, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ignatius M. Szeto
- Inner
Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Jinshan Road 8, 010110 Hohhot, China
| | - Yitong Li
- Inner
Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Jinshan Road 8, 010110 Hohhot, China
| | - Kasper A. Hettinga
- Food
Quality and Design, Wageningen University
& Research, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henk A. Schols
- Laboratory
of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University
& Research, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
- . Tel: +31 317 482239
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17
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Orczyk-Pawiłowicz M, Lis-Kuberka J. The Impact of Dietary Fucosylated Oligosaccharides and Glycoproteins of Human Milk on Infant Well-Being. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12041105. [PMID: 32316160 PMCID: PMC7230487 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Apart from optimal nutritional value, human milk is the feeding strategy to support the immature immunological system of developing newborns and infants. The most beneficial dietary carbohydrate components of breast milk are human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and glycoproteins (HMGs), involved in both specific and nonspecific immunity. Fucosylated oligosaccharides represent the largest fraction of human milk oligosaccharides, with the simplest and the most abundant being 2'-fucosyllactose (2'FL). Fucosylated oligosaccharides, as well as glycans of glycoproteins, as beneficial dietary sugars, elicit anti-adhesive properties against fucose-dependent pathogens, and on the other hand are crucial for growth and metabolism of beneficial bacteria, and in this aspect participate in shaping a healthy microbiome. Well-documented secretor status related differences in the fucosylation profile of HMOs and HMGs may play a key but underestimated role in assessment of susceptibility to fucose-dependent pathogen infections, with a potential impact on applied clinical procedures. Nevertheless, due to genetic factors, about 20% of mothers do not provide their infants with beneficial dietary carbohydrates such as 2'-FL and other α1,2-fucosylated oligosaccharides and glycans of glycoproteins, despite breastfeeding them. The lack of such structures may have important implications for a wide range of aspects of infant well-being and healthcare. In light of the above, some artificial mixtures used in infant nutrition are supplemented with 2'-FL to more closely approximate the unique composition of maternal milk, including dietary-derived fucosylated oligosaccharides and glycoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jolanta Lis-Kuberka
- Correspondence: (M.O.-P.); (J.L.-K.); Tel.: +48-71-770-30-64 (M.O.-P.); +48-71-770-32-17 (J.L.-K.)
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18
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Rodzik A, Pomastowski P, Sagandykova GN, Buszewski B. Interactions of Whey Proteins with Metal Ions. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2156. [PMID: 32245108 PMCID: PMC7139725 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Whey proteins tend to interact with metal ions, which have implications in different fields related to human life quality. There are two impacts of such interactions: they can provide opportunities for applications in food and nutraceuticals, but may lead to analytical challenges related to their study and outcomes for food processing, storage, and food interactions. Moreover, interactions of whey proteins with metal ions are complicated, requiring deep understanding, leading to consequences, such as metalloproteins, metallocomplexes, nanoparticles, or aggregates, creating a biologically active system. To understand the phenomena of metal-protein interactions, it is important to develop analytical approaches combined with studies of changes in the biological activity and to analyze the impact of such interactions on different fields. The aim of this review was to discuss chemistry of β-lactoglobulin, α-lactalbumin, and lactotransferrin, their interactions with different metal ions, analytical techniques used to study them and the implications for food and nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Rodzik
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (A.R.); (G.N.S.); (B.B.)
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wileńska 4, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Paweł Pomastowski
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wileńska 4, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Gulyaim N. Sagandykova
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (A.R.); (G.N.S.); (B.B.)
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wileńska 4, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (A.R.); (G.N.S.); (B.B.)
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wileńska 4, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
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19
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Unique Microbial Catabolic Pathway for the Human Core N-Glycan Constituent Fucosyl-α-1,6- N-Acetylglucosamine-Asparagine. mBio 2020; 11:mBio.02804-19. [PMID: 31937642 PMCID: PMC6960285 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02804-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract accommodates more than 1014 microorganisms that have an enormous impact on human health. The mechanisms enabling commensal bacteria and administered probiotics to colonize the gut remain largely unknown. The ability to utilize host-derived carbon and energy resources available at the mucosal surfaces may provide these bacteria with a competitive advantage in the gut. Here, we have identified in the commensal species Lactobacillus casei a novel metabolic pathway for the utilization of the glycoamino acid fucosyl-α-1,6-N-GlcNAc-Asn, which is present in the core-fucosylated N-glycoproteins from mammalians. These results give insight into the molecular interactions between the host and commensal/probiotic bacteria and may help to devise new strategies to restore gut microbiota homeostasis in diseases associated with dysbiotic microbiota. The survival of commensal bacteria in the human gut partially depends on their ability to metabolize host-derived molecules. The use of the glycosidic moiety of N-glycoproteins by bacteria has been reported, but the role of N-glycopeptides or glycoamino acids as the substrates for bacterial growth has not been evaluated. We have identified in Lactobacillus casei strain BL23 a gene cluster (alf-2) involved in the catabolism of the glycoamino acid fucosyl-α-1,6-N-GlcNAc-Asn (6′FN-Asn), a constituent of the core-fucosylated structures of mammalian N-glycoproteins. The cluster consists of the genes alfHC, encoding a major facilitator superfamily (MFS) permease and the α-l-fucosidase AlfC, and the divergently oriented asdA (aspartate 4-decarboxylase), alfR2 (transcriptional regulator), pepV (peptidase), asnA2 (glycosyl-asparaginase), and sugK (sugar kinase) genes. Knockout mutants showed that alfH, alfC, asdA, asnA2, and sugK are necessary for efficient 6′FN-Asn utilization. The alf-2 genes are induced by 6′FN-Asn, but not by its glycan moiety, via the AlfR2 regulator. The constitutive expression of alf-2 genes in an alfR2 strain allowed the metabolism of a variety of 6′-fucosyl-glycans. However, GlcNAc-Asn did not support growth in this mutant background, indicating that the presence of a 6′-fucose moiety is crucial for substrate transport via AlfH. Within bacteria, 6′FN-Asn is defucosylated by AlfC, generating GlcNAc-Asn. This glycoamino acid is processed by the glycosylasparaginase AsnA2. GlcNAc-Asn hydrolysis generates aspartate and GlcNAc, which is used as a fermentable source by L.casei. These data establish the existence in a commensal bacterial species of an exclusive metabolic pathway likely to scavenge human milk and mucosal fucosylated N-glycopeptides in the gastrointestinal tract.
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20
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Kirmiz N, Robinson RC, Shah IM, Barile D, Mills DA. Milk Glycans and Their Interaction with the Infant-Gut Microbiota. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2019; 9:429-450. [PMID: 29580136 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-030216-030207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Human milk is a unique and complex fluid that provides infant nutrition and delivers an array of bioactive molecules that serve various functions. Glycans, abundant in milk, can be found as free oligosaccharides or as glycoconjugates. Milk glycans are increasingly linked to beneficial outcomes in neonates through protection from pathogens and modulation of the immune system. Indeed, these glycans influence the development of the infant and the infant-gut microbiota. Bifidobacterium species commonly are enriched in breastfed infants and are among a limited group of bacteria that readily consume human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and milk glycoconjugates. Given the importance of bifidobacteria in infant health, numerous studies have examined the molecular mechanisms they employ to consume HMOs and milk glycans, thus providing insight into this unique enrichment and shedding light on a range of translational opportunities to benefit at-risk infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Kirmiz
- Foods for Health Institute and Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA;
| | - Randall C Robinson
- Foods for Health Institute and Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA;
| | - Ishita M Shah
- Foods for Health Institute and Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA;
| | - Daniela Barile
- Foods for Health Institute and Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA;
| | - David A Mills
- Foods for Health Institute and Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA; .,Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
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21
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Lu Y, Liu J, Jia Y, Yang Y, Chen Q, Sun L, Song S, Huang L, Wang Z. Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Changes in Human Milk N/ O-Glycopatterns at Different Lactation Stages. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:10702-10712. [PMID: 31490688 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides are complex carbohydrates with multibiofunctional health benefits to newborns. Human milk free oligosaccharides (HMOs) are well characterized. However, changes in the N/O-glycome during lactation are poorly reported. Herein, we qualitatively and quantitatively investigated N/O-glycome profiles and their alteration in human milk at different lactation stages. N-Glycans were mainly fucosylated and nonsialylated, nonfucosylated throughout lactation. O-Glycans mainly consisted of sialylated and nonsialylated, nonfucosylated in colostrum and transitional milk, and fucosylated and nonfucosylated, nonsialylated in mature milk. Fucosylated and sialylated N-glycans gradually decreased and increased, respectively, as lactation progressed; O-glycans showed the reverse. Interestingly, changes in HMO abundance decreased during lactation, complementing HMG N/O-glycome changes. In conclusion, temporal HMG glycosylation changes provide the groundwork for developing infant formula that is closer to breast milk at different lactation stages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Shuang Song
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood , Dalian Polytechnic University , Dalian 116034 , China
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22
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Zhu J, Dingess KA. The Functional Power of the Human Milk Proteome. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1834. [PMID: 31398857 PMCID: PMC6723708 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human milk is the most complete and ideal form of nutrition for the developing infant. The composition of human milk consistently changes throughout lactation to meet the changing functional needs of the infant. The human milk proteome is an essential milk component consisting of proteins, including enzymes/proteases, glycoproteins, and endogenous peptides. These compounds may contribute to the healthy development in a synergistic way by affecting growth, maturation of the immune system, from innate to adaptive immunity, and the gut. A comprehensive overview of the human milk proteome, covering all of its components, is lacking, even though numerous analyses of human milk proteins have been reported. Such data could substantially aid in our understanding of the functionality of each constituent of the proteome. This review will highlight each of the aforementioned components of human milk and emphasize the functionality of the proteome throughout lactation, including nutrient delivery and enhanced bioavailability of nutrients for growth, cognitive development, immune defense, and gut maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhu
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kelly A Dingess
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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23
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Goonatilleke E, Huang J, Xu G, Wu L, Smilowitz JT, German JB, Lebrilla CB. Human Milk Proteins and Their Glycosylation Exhibit Quantitative Dynamic Variations during Lactation. J Nutr 2019; 149:1317-1325. [PMID: 31098625 PMCID: PMC6686052 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proteins in human milk are essential and known to support the growth, development, protection, and health of the newborn. These proteins are highly modified by glycans that are currently being recognized as vital to protein structure, stability, function, and health of the intestinal mucosa. Although milk proteins have been studied, the quantitative changes in milk proteins and their respective site-specific glycosylation are unknown. OBJECTIVE This study expanded the analytical tools for milk proteins and their site-specific glycosylation and applied these tools to a large cohort to determine changes in individual protein concentrations and their site-specific N-glycosylation across lactation. DESIGN A tandem mass spectrometry method was applied to 231 breast-milk samples from 33 mothers in Davis, California, obtained during 7 different periods of lactation. Dynamic changes in the absolute abundances of milk proteins, as well as variation in site-specific N-glycosylation of individual proteins, were quantified. RESULTS α-Lactalbumin, β-casein, k-casein, and α-antitrypsin were significantly increased from colostrum to transitional milk (4.37 ± 1.33 g/L to 6.41 ± 0.72 g/L, 2.25 ± 0.86 g/L to 2.59 ± 0.78 g/L, 1.33 ± 0.44 g/L to 1.60 ± 0.39 g/L, and 0.09 ± 0.10 g/L to 0.11 ± 0.04 g/L, respectively; P < 0.002). α-Lactalbumin (37%), β-casein (9%), and lysozyme (159%) were higher in mature milk than in colostrum. Glycans exhibited different behavior. Fucosylated glycans of lactoferrin and high-mannose, undecorated, fucosylated, sialylated, and combined fucosylated + sialylated glycans of secretory immunoglobulin A increased during lactation even when the concentrations of the parent proteins decreased. CONCLUSIONS Proteins in healthy mothers vary dynamically through lactation to support the development of infants. Individual milk proteins carried unique glycan modifications that varied systematically in structure even with site specificity. The role of glycosylation in human milk proteins will be important in understanding the functional components of human milk. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01817127.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gege Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Davis, CA
| | | | - Jennifer T Smilowitz
- Foods for Health Institute, Davis, CA
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Davis, CA
| | - J Bruce German
- Foods for Health Institute, Davis, CA
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Davis, CA
| | - Carlito B Lebrilla
- Department of Chemistry, Davis, CA
- Foods for Health Institute, Davis, CA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
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Cao X, Zheng Y, Wu S, Yang N, Wu J, Liu B, Ye W, Yang M, Yue X. Characterization and comparison of milk fat globule membrane N-glycoproteomes from human and bovine colostrum and mature milk. Food Funct 2019; 10:5046-5058. [PMID: 31359016 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00686a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Human and bovine milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) proteins have been identified and characterized; however, their glycosylation during lactation remains unclear. We adopted a glycoproteomics approach to profile and compare MFGM N-glycoproteomes in human and bovine milk during lactation. A total of 843, 718, 614, and 273 N-glycosite peptides corresponding to 465, 423, 334, and 176 glycoproteins were identified in human colostrum, human mature milk, bovine colostrum, and bovine mature milk, respectively. The biological functions of these MFGM N-glycoproteins were revealed through bioinformatics. Substantial differences were observed between human and bovine milk, and immune-related MFGM N-glycoproteins varied between colostrum and mature milk from both species. Our results expand current knowledge of MFGM N-glycoproteomes, and further demonstrate the complexity and biological functions of MFGM N-glycosylation. These data can provide references for the application of bovine MFGM N-glycoproteins in infant formula to resemble human milk and in functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Cao
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, PR China.
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25
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Sun Y, Wang C, Sun X, Guo M. Comparative Proteomics of Whey and Milk Fat Globule Membrane Proteins of Guanzhong Goat and Holstein Cow Mature Milk. J Food Sci 2019; 84:244-253. [PMID: 30620781 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Guanzhong goat and Holstein cow milks are the major milk supply for the Chinese dairy industry. Whey proteins and milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) proteins of both milk were characterized and compared using proteomic techniques. A total of 283, 159, 593, and 349 proteins were identified, respectively, in whey and MFGM for the two species using Liquid Chromatography combined with Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Functional categories analyses showed that both goat and cow MFGM proteins had three most abundant proteins of phosphoproteins, membrane-related and acetylation-related proteins. Gene ontology (GO) annotation revealed that whey proteins in goat and cow milk exhibited different biological processes and molecular functions while both enriched in extracellular exosome for cellular components. Both goat and cow MFGM proteins showed main biological process of oxidation-reduction, cellular component of extracellular exosome, and molecular function of poly(A) RNA binding. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses showed that large number of both goat and cow whey proteins were involved in disease, metabolism, and immune pathways with different number and types. The most general pathways for goat and cow MFGM proteins were metabolism pathways and disease pathways, respectively. The results indicated that Guanzhong goat and Holstein cow milk were different in varieties of whey proteins and MFGM proteins and their functions and pathways. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Guanzhong goat and Holstein cow milks are the major milk sources for the Chinese consumers. However, information about proteomics of whey and MFGM proteins of Guanzhong goat and Holstein cow milk is limited. Our study characterized and compared both whey and MFGM proteins using proteomic techniques. The results provide useful information for infant formula and milk protein products in the Chinese dairy industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxue Sun
- Dept. of Food Science, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Univ., Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China
| | - Cuina Wang
- Dept. of Food Science, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Univ., Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China
| | - Xiaomeng Sun
- Dept. of Food Science, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Univ., Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China
| | - Mingruo Guo
- Dept. of Nutrition and Food Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Univ. of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA.,College of Food Science, Northeast Agriculture Univ., Harbin, 150030, China
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26
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Fucosylated Human Milk Oligosaccharides and N-Glycans in the Milk of Chinese Mothers Regulate the Gut Microbiome of Their Breast-Fed Infants during Different Lactation Stages. mSystems 2018; 3:mSystems00206-18. [PMID: 30637338 PMCID: PMC6306508 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00206-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human milk glycans provide a broad range of carbon sources for gut microbes in infants. Levels of protein glycosylation in human milk vary during lactation and may also be affected by the stages of gestation and lactation and by the secretor status of the mother. This was the first study to evaluate systematically dynamic changes in human milk oligosaccharides and fucosylated N-glycans in the milk of Chinese mothers with different secretor statuses during 6 months of lactation. Given the unique single nucleotide polymorphism site (rs1047781, A385T) on the fucosyltransferase 2 gene among Chinese populations, our report provides a specific insight into the milk glycobiome of Chinese mothers, which may exert effects on the gut microbiota of infants that differ from findings from other study cohorts. The milk glycobiome has a significant impact on the gut microbiota of infants, which plays a pivotal role in health and development. Fucosylated human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and N-glycans on milk proteins are beneficial for the development of healthy gut microbiota, and the fucosylation levels of these glycans can be affected by the maternal fucosyltransferase 2 gene (FUT2). Here, we present results of longitudinal research on paired milk and stool samples from 56 Chinese mothers (CMs) and their breast-fed children. Changes of HMOs and fucosylated N-glycans in milk of CMs at different lactation stages were detected, which allowed characterization of the major differences in milk glycans and consequential effects on the gut microbiome of infants according to maternal FUT2 status. Significant differences in the abundance of total and fucosylated HMOs between secretor and nonsecretor CMs were noted, especially during early lactation. Despite a tendency toward decreasing milk protein concentrations, the fucosylation levels of milk N-glycans increased during late lactation. The changes in the levels of fucosylated HMOs and milk N-glycans were highly correlated with the growth of Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp. in the gut of infants during early and later lactation, respectively. Enriched expression of genes encoding glycoside hydrolases, glycosyl transferases, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, and permeases in infants fed by secretor CMs contributed to the promotion of these bacteria in infants. Our data highlight the important role of fucosylated milk glycans in shaping the gut microbiome of infants and provide a solid foundation for development of “personalized” nutrition for Chinese infants. IMPORTANCE Human milk glycans provide a broad range of carbon sources for gut microbes in infants. Levels of protein glycosylation in human milk vary during lactation and may also be affected by the stages of gestation and lactation and by the secretor status of the mother. This was the first study to evaluate systematically dynamic changes in human milk oligosaccharides and fucosylated N-glycans in the milk of Chinese mothers with different secretor statuses during 6 months of lactation. Given the unique single nucleotide polymorphism site (rs1047781, A385T) on the fucosyltransferase 2 gene among Chinese populations, our report provides a specific insight into the milk glycobiome of Chinese mothers, which may exert effects on the gut microbiota of infants that differ from findings from other study cohorts.
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27
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Mu C, Cai Z, Bian G, Du Y, Ma S, Su Y, Liu L, Voglmeir J, Huang R, Zhu W. New Insights into Porcine Milk N-Glycome and the Potential Relation with Offspring Gut Microbiome. J Proteome Res 2018; 18:1114-1124. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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28
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Figueroa-Lozano S, de Vos P. Relationship Between Oligosaccharides and Glycoconjugates Content in Human Milk and the Development of the Gut Barrier. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2018; 18:121-139. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susana Figueroa-Lozano
- Immunoendocrinology, Div. of Medical Biology, Dept. of Pathology and Medical Biology; Univ. of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Paul de Vos
- Immunoendocrinology, Div. of Medical Biology, Dept. of Pathology and Medical Biology; Univ. of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
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29
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Lee H, Padhi E, Hasegawa Y, Larke J, Parenti M, Wang A, Hernell O, Lönnerdal B, Slupsky C. Compositional Dynamics of the Milk Fat Globule and Its Role in Infant Development. Front Pediatr 2018; 6:313. [PMID: 30460213 PMCID: PMC6232911 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2018.00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human milk is uniquely optimized for the needs of the developing infant. Its composition is complex and dynamic, driven primarily by maternal genetics, and to a lesser extent by diet and environment. One important component that is gaining attention is the milk fat globule (MFG). The MFG is composed of a triglyceride-rich core surrounded by a tri-layer membrane, also known as the milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) that originates from mammary gland epithelia. The MFGM is enriched with glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, cholesterol, and proteins, some of which are glycosylated, and are known to exert numerous biological roles. Mounting evidence suggests that the structure of the MFG and bioactive components of the MFGM may benefit the infant by aiding in the structural and functional maturation of the gut through the provision of essential nutrients and/or regulating various cellular events during infant growth and immune education. Further, antimicrobial peptides and surface carbohydrate moieties surrounding the MFG might have a pivotal role in shaping gut microbial populations, which in turn may promote protection against immune and inflammatory diseases early in life. This review seeks to: (1) understand the components of the MFG, as well as maternal factors including genetic and lifestyle factors that influence its characteristics; (2) examine the potential role of this milk component on the intestinal immune system; and (3) delineate the mechanistic roles of the MFG in infant intestinal maturation and establishment of the microbiota in the alimentary canal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Emily Padhi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Yu Hasegawa
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Jules Larke
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Mariana Parenti
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Aidong Wang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Olle Hernell
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Pediatrics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Bo Lönnerdal
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Carolyn Slupsky
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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30
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Characterization and comparison of whey N-glycoproteomes from human and bovine colostrum and mature milk. Food Chem 2018; 276:266-273. [PMID: 30409594 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.09.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Milk glycoproteins are crucial nutrients with a variety of functions. However, whey N-glycoproteomes in human and bovine milks have not been characterized during lactation. Herein, using lectin enrichment and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, 68, 58, 100, and 98 N-glycoproteins were identified in human colostrum and mature milk as well as bovine colostrum and mature milk whey. Gene Ontology and KEGG pathway analyses were used to elucidate the biological functions of whey N-glycoproteins in human and bovine colostrum and mature milks. Whey N-glycoproteomes differed dramatically between human and bovine milks and across lactation stages. The conserved and specific whey N-glycoproteins in all four sample types were also determined. Our results improve understanding of the properties and biological functions of whey N-glycoproteins in human and bovine milk and colostra, and provide insight into the potential application of some N-glycoproteins in infant formulae at different stages of development.
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31
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Corfield AP. The Interaction of the Gut Microbiota with the Mucus Barrier in Health and Disease in Human. Microorganisms 2018; 6:microorganisms6030078. [PMID: 30072673 PMCID: PMC6163557 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms6030078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycoproteins are major players in the mucus protective barrier in the gastrointestinal and other mucosal surfaces. In particular the mucus glycoproteins, or mucins, are responsible for the protective gel barrier. They are characterized by their high carbohydrate content, present in their variable number, tandem repeat domains. Throughout evolution the mucins have been maintained as integral components of the mucosal barrier, emphasizing their essential biological status. The glycosylation of the mucins is achieved through a series of biosynthetic pathways processes, which generate the wide range of glycans found in these molecules. Thus mucins are decorated with molecules having information in the form of a glycocode. The enteric microbiota interacts with the mucosal mucus barrier in a variety of ways in order to fulfill its many normal processes. How bacteria read the glycocode and link to normal and pathological processes is outlined in the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony P Corfield
- Mucin Research Group, School of Clinical Sciences, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Level 7, Marlborough Street, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK.
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32
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Lis-Kuberka J, Orczyk-Pawiłowicz M, Królak-Olejnik B, Berghausen-Mazur M, Barańska K, Kątnik-Prastowska I. Lectin-based analysis of human milk immunoglobulin G fucosylated variants in relation to milk maturation and perinatal risk factors. J Appl Biomed 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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33
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Cao X, Kang S, Yang M, Li W, Wu S, Han H, Meng L, Wu R, Yue X. Quantitative N-glycoproteomics of milk fat globule membrane in human colostrum and mature milk reveals changes in protein glycosylation during lactation. Food Funct 2018; 9:1163-1172. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01796k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The present study profiled the N-glycoproteome and quantified the changes of N-glycosylation site occupancy of MFGM proteins during lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Cao
- College of Food Science
- Shenyang Agricultural University
- Shenyang 110161
- PR China
| | - Shimo Kang
- College of Food Science
- Shenyang Agricultural University
- Shenyang 110161
- PR China
| | - Mei Yang
- College of Food Science
- Shenyang Agricultural University
- Shenyang 110161
- PR China
| | - Weixuan Li
- College of Food Science
- Shenyang Agricultural University
- Shenyang 110161
- PR China
| | - Shangyi Wu
- College of Food Science
- Shenyang Agricultural University
- Shenyang 110161
- PR China
| | - Hongjiao Han
- College of Food Science
- Shenyang Agricultural University
- Shenyang 110161
- PR China
| | - Lingshuai Meng
- College of Food Science
- Shenyang Agricultural University
- Shenyang 110161
- PR China
| | - Rina Wu
- College of Food Science
- Shenyang Agricultural University
- Shenyang 110161
- PR China
| | - Xiqing Yue
- College of Food Science
- Shenyang Agricultural University
- Shenyang 110161
- PR China
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34
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Cao X, Song D, Yang M, Yang N, Ye Q, Tao D, Liu B, Wu R, Yue X. Comparative Analysis of Whey N-Glycoproteins in Human Colostrum and Mature Milk Using Quantitative Glycoproteomics. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:10360-10367. [PMID: 29110469 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation is a ubiquitous post-translational protein modification that plays a substantial role in various processes. However, whey glycoproteins in human milk have not been completely profiled. Herein, we used quantitative glycoproteomics to quantify whey N-glycosylation sites and their alteration in human milk during lactation; 110 N-glycosylation sites on 63 proteins and 91 N-glycosylation sites on 53 proteins were quantified in colostrum and mature milk whey, respectively. Among these, 68 glycosylation sites on 38 proteins were differentially expressed in human colostrum and mature milk whey. These differentially expressed N-glycoproteins were highly enriched in "localization", "extracellular region part", and "modified amino acid binding" according to gene ontology annotation and mainly involved in complement and coagulation cascades pathway. These results shed light on the glycosylation sites, composition and biological functions of whey N-glycoproteins in human colostrum and mature milk, and provide substantial insight into the role of protein glycosylation during infant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Cao
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University , No.120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110161, P. R. China
| | - Dahe Song
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University , No.120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110161, P. R. China
| | - Mei Yang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University , No.120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110161, P. R. China
| | - Ning Yang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University , No.120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110161, P. R. China
| | - Qing Ye
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University , No.120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110161, P. R. China
| | - Dongbing Tao
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University , No.120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110161, P. R. China
| | - Biao Liu
- Inner Mongolia Yili Industurial Group Company Limited , Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 151100, P. R. China
| | - Rina Wu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University , No.120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110161, P. R. China
| | - Xiqing Yue
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University , No.120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110161, P. R. China
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35
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Thomson P, Medina DA, Garrido D. Human milk oligosaccharides and infant gut bifidobacteria: Molecular strategies for their utilization. Food Microbiol 2017; 75:37-46. [PMID: 30056961 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Breast milk is the gold standard in infant nutrition. In addition to provide essential nutrients for the newborn, it contains multiple bioactive molecules that provide protection and stimulate proper development. Human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) are complex carbohydrates abundant in breast milk. Intriguingly, these molecules do not provide energy to the infant. Instead, these oligosaccharides are key to guide and support the assembly of a healthy gut microbiome in the infant, dominated by beneficial gut microbes such as Bifidobacterium. New analytical methods for glycan analysis, and next-generation sequencing of microbial communities, have been instrumental in advancing our understanding of the positive role of breast milk oligosaccharides on the gut microbiome, and the genomics and molecular strategies of Bifidobacterium to utilize these oligosaccharides. Moreover, novel approaches to simulate the impact of HMO on the gut microbiome have been described and successfully validated, including the incorporation of synthetic HMO and bovine milk oligosaccharides to infant formula. This review discusses recent advances regarding the influence of HMO in promoting a healthy gut microbiome, with emphasis in the molecular basis of the enrichment in beneficial Bifidobacterium, and novel approaches to replicate the effect of HMO using synthetic or bovine oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Thomson
- Department of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniel A Medina
- Department of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniel Garrido
- Department of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago, Chile.
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36
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Lis-Kuberka J, Berghausen-Mazur M, Orczyk-Pawiłowicz M. Alpha 2,3- and alpha 2,6-sialylation of human skim milk glycoproteins during milk maturation. J Appl Biomed 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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37
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38
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Yang Y, Zheng N, Zhao X, Zhang Y, Han R, Zhao S, Yang J, Li S, Guo T, Zang C, Wang J. N-glycosylation proteomic characterization and cross-species comparison of milk whey proteins from dairy animals. Proteomics 2017; 17. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201600434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongxin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition; Institute of Animal Sciences; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing P. R. China
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine; Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Hefei China
| | - Nan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition; Institute of Animal Sciences; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition; Institute of Animal Sciences; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing P. R. China
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine; Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Hefei China
| | - Yangdong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition; Institute of Animal Sciences; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing P. R. China
| | - Rongwei Han
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition; Institute of Animal Sciences; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing P. R. China
- College of Food Science and Engineering; Qingdao Agricultural University; Qingdao P. R. China
| | - Shengguo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition; Institute of Animal Sciences; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing P. R. China
| | - Jinhui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition; Institute of Animal Sciences; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing P. R. China
| | - Songli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition; Institute of Animal Sciences; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing P. R. China
| | - Tongjun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition; Institute of Animal Sciences; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing P. R. China
| | - Changjiang Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition; Institute of Animal Sciences; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing P. R. China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition; Institute of Animal Sciences; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing P. R. China
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39
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Quantitation of human milk proteins and their glycoforms using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 409:589-606. [PMID: 27796459 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-0029-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Human milk plays a substantial role in the child growth, development and determines their nutritional and health status. Despite the importance of the proteins and glycoproteins in human milk, very little quantitative information especially on their site-specific glycosylation is known. As more functions of milk proteins and other components continue to emerge, their fine-detailed quantitative information is becoming a key factor in milk research efforts. The present work utilizes a sensitive label-free MRM method to quantify seven milk proteins (α-lactalbumin, lactoferrin, secretory immunoglobulin A, immunoglobulin G, immunoglobulin M, α1-antitrypsin, and lysozyme) using their unique peptides while at the same time, quantifying their site-specific N-glycosylation relative to the protein abundance. The method is highly reproducible, has low limit of quantitation, and accounts for differences in glycosylation due to variations in protein amounts. The method described here expands our knowledge about human milk proteins and provides vital details that could be used in monitoring the health of the infant and even the mother. Graphical Abstract The glycopeptides EICs generated from QQQ.
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Hodgkinson AJ, Young W, Cakebread JA, Haigh BJ. Feeding bovine milks with low or high IgA levels is associated with altered re-establishment of murine intestinal microbiota after antibiotic treatment. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2518. [PMID: 27703861 PMCID: PMC5047218 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics are a vital and commonly used therapeutic tool, but their use also results in profound changes in the intestinal microbiota that can, in turn, have significant health consequences. Understanding how the microbiota recovers after antibiotic treatment will help to devise strategies for mitigating the adverse effects of antibiotics. Using a mouse model, we have characterized the changes occurring in the intestinal microbiota immediately after five days exposure to ampicillin, and then at three and fourteen days thereafter. During the fourteen day period of antibiotic recovery, groups of mice were fed either water, cows’ milk containing high levels of IgA, or cows’ milk containing low levels of IgA as their sole source of liquid. Effects on microbiota of feeding milks for 14 days were also assessed in groups of mice that had no ampicillin exposure. Changes in microbiota were measured by high throughput sequencing of the V4 to V6 variable regions of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene. As expected, exposure to ampicillin led to profound changes to the types and abundance of bacteria present, along with a loss of diversity. At 14 days following antibiotic exposure, mice fed water had recovered microbiota compositions similar to that prior to antibiotics. However, feeding High-IgA milk to mice that has been exposed to antibiotics was associated with altered microbiota compositions, including increased relative abundance of Lactobacillus and Barnesiella compared to the start of the study. Mice exposed to antibiotics then fed Low-IgA milk also showed increased Barnesiella at day 14. Mice without antibiotic perturbation, showed no change in their microbiota after 14 days of milk feeding. Overall, these findings add to a knowledge platform for optimizing intestinal function after treatment with antibiotics in the human population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wayne Young
- Food & Bio-based Products, AgResearch , Palmerston North , New Zealand
| | | | - Brendan J Haigh
- Food & Bio-based Products, AgResearch , Hamilton , New Zealand
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Yang Y, Zheng N, Wang W, Zhao X, Zhang Y, Han R, Ma L, Zhao S, Li S, Guo T, Zang C, Wang J. N-glycosylation proteomic characterization and cross-species comparison of milk fat globule membrane proteins from mammals. Proteomics 2016; 16:2792-2800. [PMID: 27539975 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201500361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation of proteins has been implicated in various biological functions and has received much attention; however, glycoprotein components and inter-species complexity have not yet been elucidated fully in milk proteins. N-linked glycosylation sites and glycoproteins in milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) fractions were investigated by combining N-glycosylated peptides enrichment and high-accuracy Q Exactive identification, to map the N-glycoproteome profiles in Holstein and Jersey cows, buffaloes, yaks, goats, camels, horses, and humans. A total of 399 N-glycoproteins with 677 glycosylation sites were identified in the MFGM fractions of the studied mammals. Most glycosylation sites in humans were classified as known and those in the other studied mammals as unknown, according to Swiss-Prot annotations. Functionally, most of the identified glycoproteins were associated with the 'response to stimulus' GO category. N-glycosylated protein components of MFGM fractions from Holstein and Jersey cows, buffaloes, yaks, and goats were more similar to each other compared with those of camels, horses and human. The findings increased the number of known N-glycosylation sites in the milk from dairy animal species, revealed the complexity of the MFGM glycoproteome, and provided useful information to further explore the mechanism of MFGM glycoproteins biosynthesis among the studied mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxin Yang
- Ministry of Agriculture-Milk Risk Assessment Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Nan Zheng
- Ministry of Agriculture-Milk Risk Assessment Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weiyu Wang
- The High School affiliated to Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhao
- Ministry of Agriculture-Milk Risk Assessment Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Yangdong Zhang
- Ministry of Agriculture-Milk Risk Assessment Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rongwei Han
- Ministry of Agriculture-Milk Risk Assessment Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Ma
- Ministry of Agriculture-Milk Risk Assessment Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shengguo Zhao
- Ministry of Agriculture-Milk Risk Assessment Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Songli Li
- Ministry of Agriculture-Milk Risk Assessment Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tongjun Guo
- Ministry of Agriculture-Milk Risk Assessment Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Changjiang Zang
- Ministry of Agriculture-Milk Risk Assessment Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Ministry of Agriculture-Milk Risk Assessment Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Murphy J, Sherman ME, Browne EP, Caballero AI, Punska EC, Pfeiffer RM, Yang HP, Lee M, Yang H, Gierach GL, Arcaro KF. Potential of breastmilk analysis to inform early events in breast carcinogenesis: rationale and considerations. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2016; 157:13-22. [PMID: 27107568 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-016-3796-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes methods related to the study of human breastmilk in etiologic and biomarkers research. Despite the importance of reproductive factors in breast carcinogenesis, factors that act early in life are difficult to study because young women rarely require breast imaging or biopsy, and analysis of critical circulating factors (e.g., hormones) is often complicated by the requirement to accurately account for menstrual cycle date. Accordingly, novel approaches are needed to understand how events such as pregnancy, breastfeeding, weaning, and post-weaning breast remodeling influence breast cancer risk. Analysis of breastmilk offers opportunities to understand mechanisms related to carcinogenesis in the breast, and to identify risk markers that may inform efforts to identify high-risk women early in the carcinogenic process. In addition, analysis of breastmilk could have value in early detection or diagnosis of breast cancer. In this article, we describe the potential for using breastmilk to characterize the microenvironment of the lactating breast with the goal of advancing research on risk assessment, prevention, and detection of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne Murphy
- Cancer Prevention Fellowship Program, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA. .,Breast and Gynecologic Cancer Research Group, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Dr, Office Number: 5E-332, Rockville, MD, 20892-9712, USA.
| | - Mark E Sherman
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eva P Browne
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Ana I Caballero
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Punska
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Ruth M Pfeiffer
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hannah P Yang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maxwell Lee
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Howard Yang
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gretchen L Gierach
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kathleen F Arcaro
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
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Qin W, Dasgupta S, Mukhopadhyay N, Sauter ER. Expression of the Extracellular Matrix Protein Tenascin-C Varies During Lactation. Breastfeed Med 2016; 11:86-90. [PMID: 26859615 DOI: 10.1089/bfm.2015.0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women diagnosed with pregnancy-associated breast cancer postpartum have a worse prognosis, stage for stage, than other women with breast cancer. The time of breast involution is tumor promotional. The extracellular matrix protein tenascin-C is upregulated during involution in animal models and promotes breast cancer progression. It interacts with transforming growth factor (TGF)β, which also is involved in breast involution and breast cancer progression. Little is known about the expression of tenascin-C during human breast involution, nor its relationship to TGFβ. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of tenascin-C throughout lactation, as well as its relationship to TGFβ1 and TGFβ2. MATERIAL AND METHODOLOGY Three milk samples from 25 lactating women (transitional, whole, and wean) were collected, separated into components (cells, fat, and skim), and the skim fraction analyzed for total protein, tenascin-C, TGFβ1, and TGFβ2. Tenascin-C, TGFβ1, and TGFβ2 were detectable in all milk samples. RESULTS Highest tenascin-C levels on average were found in whole milk, whereas highest mean TGFβ1 and TGFβ2 levels were in wean milk. Wean samples on average had higher levels of both TGFβ1 (26%) and TGFβ2 (>500%) than matched transitional milk samples. Tenascin-C levels in wean milk were associated with nursing length (p = 0.048). Combining all three milk collection time points, tenascin-C exhibited a weak inverse correlation with TGFβ1 and TGFβ2 (p < 0.1). The inverse correlation at the wean time point was stronger for TGFβ2 than -1 (-0.37 versus -0.25). Tenascin-C, a protein known to promote breast cancer progression, is expressed throughout lactation. CONCLUSION The inverse correlation with TGFβ2 in wean milk suggests a possible interaction during breast involution, which should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Qin
- 1 Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center , Tyler, Texas
| | - Santanu Dasgupta
- 2 Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center , Tyler, Texas
| | - Nitai Mukhopadhyay
- 3 Department of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, Virginia
| | - Edward R Sauter
- 1 Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center , Tyler, Texas
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Lis-Kuberka J, Kątnik-Prastowska I, Berghausen-Mazur M, Orczyk-Pawiłowicz M. Lectin-based analysis of fucosylated glycoproteins of human skim milk during 47 days of lactation. Glycoconj J 2015; 32:665-74. [PMID: 26318738 PMCID: PMC4651984 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-015-9615-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Glycoproteins of human milk are multifunctional molecules, and their fucosylated variants are potentially active molecules in immunological events ensuring breastfed infants optimal development and protection against infection diseases. The expression of fucosylated glycotopes may correspond to milk maturation stages. The relative amounts of fucosylated glycotopes of human skim milk glycoproteins over the course of lactation from the 2nd day to the 47th day were analyzed in colostrums, transitional and mature milk samples of 43 healthy mothers by lectin-blotting using α1-2-, α1-6-, and α1-3-fucose specific biotinylated Ulex europaeus (UEA), Lens culinaris (LCA), and Lotus tetragonolobus (LTA) lectins, respectively. The reactivities of UEA and LCA with the milk glycoproteins showed the highest expression of α1-2- and α1-6-fucosylated glycotopes on colostrum glycoproteins. The level of UEA-reactive glycoproteins from the beginning of lactation to the 14th day was high and relatively stable in contrast to LCA-reactive glycoproteins, the level of which significantly decreased from 2–3 to 7–8 days then remained almost unchanged until the 12th–14th days. Next, during the progression of lactation the reactivities with both lectins declined significantly. Eighty percent of α1-2- and/or α1-6-fucosylated glycoproteins showed a high negative correlation with milk maturation. In contrast, most of the analyzed milk glycoproteins were not recognized or weakly recognized by LTA and remained at a low unchanged level over lactation. Only a 30-kDa milk glycoprotein was evidently LTA-reactive, showing a negative correlation with milk maturation. The gradual decline of high expression of α1-2- and α1-6-, but not α1-3-, fucoses on human milk glycoproteins of healthy mothers over lactation was associated with milk maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Lis-Kuberka
- Department of Chemistry and Immunochemistry, Wrocław Medical University, Bujwida 44a, 50-345, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Iwona Kątnik-Prastowska
- Department of Chemistry and Immunochemistry, Wrocław Medical University, Bujwida 44a, 50-345, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marta Berghausen-Mazur
- 1st Department and Clinic of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Wrocław Medical University, T. Chałubińskiego 3, 50-368, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Magdalena Orczyk-Pawiłowicz
- Department of Chemistry and Immunochemistry, Wrocław Medical University, Bujwida 44a, 50-345, Wrocław, Poland.
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Cakebread JA, Humphrey R, Hodgkinson AJ. Immunoglobulin A in Bovine Milk: A Potential Functional Food? JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:7311-7316. [PMID: 26165692 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b01836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is an anti-inflammatory antibody that plays a critical role in mucosal immunity. It is found in large quantities in human milk, but there are lower amounts in bovine milk. In humans, IgA plays a significant role in providing protection from environmental pathogens at mucosal surfaces and is a key component for the establishment and maintenance of intestinal homeostasis via innate and adaptive immune mechanisms. To date, many of the dairy-based functional foods are derived from bovine colostrum, targeting the benefits of IgG. IgA has a higher pathogenic binding capacity and greater stability against proteolytic degradation when ingested compared with IgG. This provides IgA-based products greater potential in the functional food market that has yet to be realized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rex Humphrey
- AgResearch, Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton, New Zealand
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Orczyk-Pawiłowicz M, Berghausen-Mazur M, Hirnle L, Kątnik-Prastowska I. O-glycosylation of α-1-acid glycoprotein of human milk is lactation stage related. Breastfeed Med 2015; 10:270-6. [PMID: 26057552 PMCID: PMC4490631 DOI: 10.1089/bfm.2015.0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human milk provides a multitude of glycoproteins, including highly glycosylated α-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), which elicits anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. The milk AGP glycoforms may provide the breastfed infant with a wide range of biological benefits. Here, we analyzed the reactivity of O-linked sugar-specific lectins with human milk AGP over the process of lactation and compared the results with those of the lactating mother's plasma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Relative amounts of human skim milk AGP O-glycans were analyzed in early colostrum, colostrum, and transitional and mature milk samples of 127 healthy mothers by lectin-AGP enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using sialyl T (sialyl-α2,3/α2,6 Galβ1,3GalNAc-), asialyl T (Galβ1,3GalNAc-), and Tn (GalNAc-) antigen-specific biotinylated Artocarpus integrifolia (Jacalin), Arachis hypogaea (PNA), and Vicia villosa (VVA) lectins, respectively. RESULTS Milk AGP elicited high expression of Jacalin- and PNA-reactive glycotopes and low expression of VVA-reactive glycotopes, which were absent on plasma AGP of lactating mothers and healthy individuals. The expression of sialyl, asialyl T, and Tn glycotopes of human milk AGP was lactation stage related. The relative amount of Jacalin-reactive AGP glycotope was highest in the colostrum samples and then decreased starting from Day 8 of lactation. In contrast, an increase of the relative amount of PNA-reactive glycotope with milk maturation was observed. The relative amount of VVA-reactive glycotope remained almost constant over the development of lactation. CONCLUSIONS Milk AGP differs from mother's plasma AGP by the presence of O-linked sialylated and asialylated T as well as Tn antigens. The variation of the expression of sialylated and asialylated T and Tn antigens on AGP is associated with milk maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marta Berghausen-Mazur
- 2 1st Department and Clinic of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Wrocław Medical University , Wrocław, Poland
| | - Lidia Hirnle
- 2 1st Department and Clinic of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Wrocław Medical University , Wrocław, Poland
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: an update for 2009-2010. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2015; 34:268-422. [PMID: 24863367 PMCID: PMC7168572 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
This review is the sixth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of MALDI mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2010. General aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, arrays and fragmentation are covered in the first part of the review and applications to various structural typed constitutes the remainder. The main groups of compound that are discussed in this section are oligo and polysaccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides and biopharmaceuticals. Many of these applications are presented in tabular form. Also discussed are medical and industrial applications of the technique, studies of enzyme reactions and applications to chemical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Harvey
- Department of BiochemistryOxford Glycobiology InstituteUniversity of OxfordOxfordOX1 3QUUK
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Orczyk-Pawiłowicz M, Hirnle L, Berghausen-Mazur M, Kątnik-Prastowska I. Terminal glycotope expression on milk fibronectin differs from plasma fibronectin and changes over lactation. Clin Biochem 2015; 48:167-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2014.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Soboleva SE, Dmitrenok PS, Verkhovod TD, Buneva VN, Sedykh SE, Nevinsky GA. Very stable high molecular mass multiprotein complex with DNase and amylase activities in human milk. J Mol Recognit 2015; 28:20-34. [DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana E. Soboleva
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine; Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences; Lavrentiev Ave. 8 Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
| | - Pavel S. Dmitrenok
- Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry; Far East Division, Russian Academy of Sciences; Vladivostok 690022 Russia
| | - Timofey D. Verkhovod
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine; Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences; Lavrentiev Ave. 8 Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
| | - Valentina N. Buneva
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine; Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences; Lavrentiev Ave. 8 Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
- Novosibirsk State University; Pirogova Ave. 10 Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
| | - Sergey E. Sedykh
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine; Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences; Lavrentiev Ave. 8 Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
| | - Georgy A. Nevinsky
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine; Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences; Lavrentiev Ave. 8 Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
- Novosibirsk State University; Pirogova Ave. 10 Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
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Metabolomics and Milk: The Development of the Microbiota in Breastfed Infants. MOLECULAR AND INTEGRATIVE TOXICOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4471-6539-2_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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