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Putera HD, Doewes RI, Shalaby MN, Ramírez-Coronel AA, Clayton ZS, Abdelbasset WK, Murtazaev SS, Jalil AT, Rahimi P, Nattagh-Eshtivani E, Malekahmadi M, Pahlavani N. The effect of conjugated linoleic acids on inflammation, oxidative stress, body composition and physical performance: a comprehensive review of putative molecular mechanisms. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2023; 20:35. [PMID: 37644566 PMCID: PMC10466845 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-023-00758-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs) are polyunsaturated fatty acids primarily found in dairy products and ruminant animal products such as beef, lamb, and butter. Supplementation of CLAs has recently become popular among athletes due to the variety of health-promoting effects, including improvements in physical performance. Preclinical and some clinical studies have shown that CLAs can reduce inflammation and oxidative stress and favorably modulate body composition and physical performance; however, the results of previously published clinical trials are mixed. Here, we performed a comprehensive review of previously published clinical trials that assessed the role of CLAs in modulating inflammation, oxidative stress, body composition, and select indices of physical performance, emphasizing the molecular mechanisms governing these changes. The findings of our review demonstrate that the effect of supplementation with CLAs on inflammation and oxidative stress is controversial, but this supplement can decrease body fat mass and increase physical performance. Future well-designed randomized clinical trials are warranted to determine the effectiveness of (1) specific doses of CLAs; (2) different dosing durations of CLAs; (3) various CLA isomers, and the exact molecular mechanisms by which CLAs positively influence oxidative stress, inflammation, body composition, and physical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Husna Dharma Putera
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan, Indonesia
| | - Rumi Iqbal Doewes
- Faculty of Sport, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami, 36A, Kentingan, Surakarta, Indonesia
| | - Mohammed Nader Shalaby
- Biological Sciences and Sports Health Department, Faculty of Physical Education, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Andrés Alexis Ramírez-Coronel
- Azogues Campus Nursing Career, Health and Behavior Research Group (HBR), Psychometry and Ethology Laboratory, Catholic University of Cuenca, Azogues, Ecuador
| | - Zachary S Clayton
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Walid Kamal Abdelbasset
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physical Therapy, Kasr Al-Aini Hospital, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Saidmurodkhon S Murtazaev
- Department of Therapeutic Pediatric Dentistry, Dean of the Faculty of International Education, Tashkent State Dental Institute, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
- Department of Scientific Affairs, Samarkand State Medical University, Amir Temur Street 18, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
| | - Abduladheem Turki Jalil
- Medical Laboratories Techniques Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hilla, Babylon, 51001, Iraq
| | - Pegah Rahimi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Elyas Nattagh-Eshtivani
- Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Mahsa Malekahmadi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naseh Pahlavani
- Health Sciences Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat-e Heydariyeh, Iran.
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Mao B, Guo W, Huang Z, Tang X, Zhang Q, Yang B, Zhao J, Cui S, Zhang H. Production of conjugated fatty acids in probiotic-fermented walnut milk with the addition of lipase. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.114204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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3
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Gao H, Yang B, Stanton C, Ross RP, Zhang H, Chen H, Chen W. Linoleic acid induces different metabolic modes in two Bifidobacterium breve strains with different conjugated linoleic acid-producing abilities. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.110974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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4
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Rao AS, Yadav SS, Singh P, Nandal A, Singh N, Ganaie SA, Yadav N, Kumar R, Bhandoria MS, Bansal P. A comprehensive review on ethnomedicine, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicity of Tephrosia purpurea (L.) Pers. Phytother Res 2020; 34:1902-1925. [PMID: 32147928 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tephrosia purpurea (L.) Pers. is a well-known plant in Ayurveda and named "Sarwa wranvishapaka" for its property to heal wounds. Traditionally, it is practiced for impotency, asthma, dyspepsia, hemorrhoids, syphilis gonorrhea, rheumatism, enlargement of kidney and spleen. It is an important component of herbal preparations like Tephroli and Yakrifti used to cure liver disorders. Various phytocompounds including pongamol, purpurin, purpurenone, tephrosin, bulnesol, tephrostachin, β-sitosterol, and so on have been reported. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that the plant have wound healing, antileishmanial, anticarcinogenic, antimicrobial, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, antifertility, antispermatogenic, anti-diarrheal, diuretic, and insecticidal properties. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitory action reported from this plant aids its utilization for the development of drugs for Alzheimer's and dementia neurological disorders. Among the known active compounds of T. purpurea, tephrostachin is responsible for antiplasmodial activity, tephrosin, pongaglabol, and semiglabrin exerts antiulcer activity while quercetin, rutin, β-sitosterol, and lupeol are mainly responsible for its anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties. From different toxicological studies, concentrations up to 2,000 mg/kg were considered safe. The present review comprehensively summarizes the ethnomedicine, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology of T. purpurea. Further research on elucidation of the structure-function relationship among active compounds, understanding of multi-target network pharmacology and clinical applications will intensify its therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Rao
- Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - S S Yadav
- Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Priya Singh
- Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Abhishek Nandal
- Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Neetu Singh
- Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - S A Ganaie
- Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Neelam Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Sonipat, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - M S Bhandoria
- Department of Botany, Govt. College, Mahendergarh, India
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High resolution GC/MS analysis of the Holoptelea integrifoli's leaves and their medicinal qualities. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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6
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Volatile and semi-volatile compounds of Tephrosia purpurea and its medicinal activities: Experimental and computational studies. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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7
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Yang B, Gao H, Stanton C, Ross RP, Zhang H, Chen YQ, Chen H, Chen W. Bacterial conjugated linoleic acid production and their applications. Prog Lipid Res 2017; 68:26-36. [PMID: 28889933 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has been shown to exert various potential physiological properties including anti-carcinogenic, anti-obesity, anti-cardiovascular and anti-diabetic activities, and consequently has been considered as a promising food supplement. Bacterial biosynthesis of CLA is an attractive approach for commercial production due to its high isomer-selectivity and convenient purification process. Many bacterial species have been reported to convert free linoleic acid (LA) to CLA, hitherto only the precise CLA-producing mechanisms in Propionibacterium acnes and Lactobacillus plantarum have been illustrated completely, prompting the development of recombinant technology used in CLA production. The purpose of the article is to review the bacterial CLA producers as well as the recent progress on describing the mechanism of microbial CLA-production. Furthermore, the advances and potential in the heterologous expression of CLA genetic determinants will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - He Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Catherine Stanton
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co., Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - R Paul Ross
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; College of Science, Engineering and Food Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yong Q Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Haiqin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; Beijing Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China.
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8
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Aggregation of t10,c12 conjugated linoleic Acid in presence of natural and modified cyclodextrins. A physicochemical, thermal and computational analysis. Chem Phys Lipids 2017; 204:57-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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9
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Manterys A, Franczyk-Zarow M, Czyzynska-Cichon I, Drahun A, Kus E, Szymczyk B, Kostogrys RB. Haematological parameters, serum lipid profile, liver function and fatty acid profile of broiler chickens fed on diets supplemented with pomegranate seed oil and linseed oil. Br Poult Sci 2016; 57:771-779. [PMID: 27636015 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2016.1219977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to determine effect of pomegranate seed oil (PSO) and linseed oil (LO) on haematological parameters, serum lipid profile and liver enzymes as well as fatty acids profile of adipose tissue in broilers. Broilers (n = 400) were fed on diets containing graded PSO levels (0.0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%) with or without 2% LO. After 6 weeks of feeding, 6 male broilers from each group were slaughtered and abdominal fat, liver and blood samples were collected. Mixtures of pomegranate seed oil (0.5%, 1%) with linseed oil increased white blood cell level in broilers. Total cholesterol was elevated after LO supplementation whereas administration of PSO (1.5%) significantly decreased this parameter. PSO administration caused c9,t11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) concentration-dependent deposition in adipose tissue. By LO addition α-linolenic acid (ALA) content was enhanced, decreasing the n-6/n-3 ratio. PSO and ALA also affected oleic acid proportion in adipose tissue. Neither pomegranate seed oil nor linseed oil had any effect on liver parameters. Pomegranate seed oil had no negative effects on broiler health status and can be considered as a functional poultry meat component.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Manterys
- a Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Technology , University of Agriculture in Cracow , Cracow , Poland
| | - M Franczyk-Zarow
- a Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Technology , University of Agriculture in Cracow , Cracow , Poland
| | - I Czyzynska-Cichon
- a Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Technology , University of Agriculture in Cracow , Cracow , Poland
| | - A Drahun
- a Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Technology , University of Agriculture in Cracow , Cracow , Poland
| | - E Kus
- b Jagiellonian Centre of Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University , Cracow , Poland
| | - B Szymczyk
- c Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science , National Research Institute of Animal Production , Balice , Poland
| | - R B Kostogrys
- a Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Technology , University of Agriculture in Cracow , Cracow , Poland
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Woo H, Chung MY, Kim J, Kong D, Min J, Choi HD, Choi IW, Kim IH, Noh SK, Kim BH. Conjugated Linoleic Triacylglycerols Exhibit Superior Lymphatic Absorption Than Free Conjugate Linoleic Acids and Have Antiobesity Properties. J Med Food 2016; 19:486-94. [PMID: 27081749 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2015.3627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to compare lymphatic absorption of conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs) in the triacylglycerol (TAG) or free fatty acid (FFA) form and to examine the antiobesity effects of different doses of CLAs in the TAG form in animals. Conjugated linoleic TAGs (containing 70.3 wt% CLAs; CLA-TAG) were prepared through lipase-catalyzed esterification of glycerol with commercial CLA mixtures (CLA-FFA). Lymphatic absorption of CLA-TAG and CLA-FFA was compared in a rat model of lymphatic cannulation. Greater amounts of cis-9,trans-11 and trans-10,cis-12 CLAs were detected in the collected lymph from a lipid emulsion containing CLA-TAG. This result suggests that CLA-TAG has greater capacity for lymphatic absorption than does CLA-FFA. The antiobesity efficacy of CLA-TAG at different doses was examined in mice with diet-induced obesity. A high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks caused a significant increase in body weight and epididymal and retroperitoneal fat weights, which were significantly decreased by 2% dietary supplementation (w/w) with CLA-TAG. CLA-TAG at 2% significantly attenuated the HFD-induced upregulation of serum TAG, but led to hepatomegaly and exacerbated HFD-induced hypercholesterolemia. CLA-TAG at 1% significantly attenuated upregulation of retroperitoneal fat weight and significantly increased liver weight, which was decreased by the HFD. Nonetheless, the liver weight in group "HFD +1% CLA-TAG" was not significantly different from that of normal diet controls. CLA-TAG at 1% significantly reduced serum TAG levels and did not exacerbate HFD-induced hypercholesterolemia. Thus, 1% dietary supplementation with CLA-TAG reduces retroperitoneal fat weight without apparent hepatomegaly, a known side-effect of CLAs in mouse models of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjoon Woo
- 1 Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University , Anseong, Korea
| | - Min-Yu Chung
- 2 Korea Food Research Institute , Seongnam, Korea
| | - Juyeon Kim
- 3 Department of Food and Nutrition, Changwon National University , Changwon, Korea
| | - Daecheol Kong
- 3 Department of Food and Nutrition, Changwon National University , Changwon, Korea
| | - Jinyoung Min
- 2 Korea Food Research Institute , Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hee-Don Choi
- 2 Korea Food Research Institute , Seongnam, Korea
| | - In-Wook Choi
- 2 Korea Food Research Institute , Seongnam, Korea
| | - In-Hwan Kim
- 4 Department of Food and Nutrition, Korea University , Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang K Noh
- 3 Department of Food and Nutrition, Changwon National University , Changwon, Korea
| | - Byung Hee Kim
- 5 Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University , Seoul, Korea
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Yang B, Chen H, Stanton C, Ross RP, Zhang H, Chen YQ, Chen W. Review of the roles of conjugated linoleic acid in health and disease. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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12
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Yuan G, Chen X, Li D. Modulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR γ) by conjugated fatty acid in obesity and inflammatory bowel disease. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:1883-1895. [PMID: 25634802 DOI: 10.1021/jf505050c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated fatty acids including conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and conjugated linolenic acid (CLNA) have drawn significant attention for their variety of biologically beneficial effects. Evidence suggested that CLA and CLNA could play physiological roles by regulating the expression and activity of PPAR γ. This review summarizes the current understanding of evidence of the role of CLA (cis-9,trans-11 CLA and trans-10,cis-12 CLA) and CLNA (punicic acid and α-eleostearic acid) in modulating the expression or activity of PPAR γ that could in turn be employed as complementary treatment for obesity and inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaofeng Yuan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood, Zhejiang Ocean University , Zhoushan 316022, China
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Kim D, Park JH, Kweon DJ, Han GD. Bioavailability of nanoemulsified conjugated linoleic acid for an antiobesity effect. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8:451-9. [PMID: 23429301 PMCID: PMC3575163 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s38430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to enhance the bioavailability of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), which has low water solubility, using nanoemulsion technology and to evaluate the effects of its improved bioavailability as an antiobesity agent. Methods: The antiobesity effect of nanoemulsified water-soluble conjugated linoleic acid (N-CLA) was evaluated using in vitro and in vivo studies. Differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with CLA and N-CLA to assess their lipolytic effect. Further, to confirm the antiobesity effect of N-CLA, male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly separated into four groups, ie, a group fed a normal diet, a group fed a high-fat diet (obesity rat model), a CLA-treated group, and an N-CLA-treated group. Results: N-CLA showed a greater lipolytic effect on differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes compared with normal CLA. N-CLA enhanced the release of glycerol from triglycerides, which accumulated in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Further, N-CLA enhanced leptin secretion to an extent similar to that of orlistat, an antiobesity agent. In an animal obesity model fed a high-fat diet, N-CLA attenuated accumulation of triglycerides, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in serum, and also significantly decreased the volume of triglycerides and cholesterol in liver tissue. Conclusion: These results indicate that N-CLA has a greater antiobesity effect than CLA as a result of its improved bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyeop Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Natural Resources, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
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Luo M, Mengos AE, Stubblefield TM, Mandarino LJ. High Fat Diet-Induced Changes in Hepatic Protein Abundance in Mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 5:60-66. [PMID: 33907358 PMCID: PMC8074682 DOI: 10.4172/jpb.1000214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and dyslipidemia. The purpose of this study was to identify novel proteins and pathways that contribute to the pathogenesis and complications of NAFLD. C57BL/6J male mice were fed a 60% (HFD) or 10% (LFD) high or low fat diet. HFD induced obesity, hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance (euglycemic clamps, glucose infusion rate: LFD 50.5 ± 6.4 vs. HFD 14.2 ± 9.5 μg/ (g·min); n = 12). Liver proteins were analyzed by mass spectrometry-based proteomics analysis. Numerous hepatic proteins were altered in abundance after 60% HFD feeding. Nine down-regulated and nine up-regulated proteins were selected from this list for detailed analysis based on the criteria of 1.5-fold difference, consistency across replicates, and having at least 2 spectra assigned. Proteins that decreased in abundance were acyl-coA desaturase-I (SCD-1), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FAS), pyruvate kinase isozymes R/L (PKLR), NADP-dependent malic enzyme (ME-1), ATP-citrate synthase (ACL), ketohexokinase (KHK), long-chain-fatty acid-CoA ligase-5 (ACSL-5) and carbamoyl-phosphate synthase-I (CPS-1). Those that increased were KIAA0564, apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-1), ornithine aminotransferase (OAT), multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP-2), liver carboxylesterase-I (CES-1), aminopeptidase N (APN), fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase (FALDH), major urinary protein 2 (MUP-2) and KIAA0664. KIAA0564 and KIAA0664 proteins are uncharacterized and are novel proteins associated with NAFLD. The decreased abundance of normally highly abundant proteins like FAS and CPS-1 was confirmed by Coomassie Blue staining after bands were identified by MS/MS, and immunoblot analysis confirmed the increased abundance of KIAA0664 after 60% HFD feeding. In conclusion, this study shows NAFLD is characterized by changes in abundance of proteins related to cell injury, inflammation, and lipid metabolism. Two novel and uncharacterized proteins, KIAA0564 and KIAA0664, may provide insight into the pathogenesis of NAFLD induced by lipid oversupply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moulun Luo
- Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona; Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - April E Mengos
- Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona; Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Tianna M Stubblefield
- Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona; Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Lawrence J Mandarino
- Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona; Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA.,Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
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